51
|
Ladino LY, Galvis J, Yasnó D, Ramírez A, Beltrán OI. A pathogenic homozygous variant of the BBS10 gene in a patient with Bardet Biedl syndrome. BIOMEDICA : REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE SALUD 2018; 38:308-320. [PMID: 30335236 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v38i4.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder with vast locus heterogeneity that belongs to the so-called ciliopathies, whose proteins are localized in the primary cilia and present functional deficiency. The multisystemic features of the disease include ocular, renal, cognitive, skeletal, as well as gonadal involvement and obesity, among others, with high inter- and intrafamilial variability. We describe the clinical case of an adolescent male patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, including the approach, the results from a 22-gene sequencing panel, and the analysis of updated scientific literature. We collected the clinical data of the patient and, after obtaining the informed consent, we conducted a multigenic sequencing panel oriented to known implicated genes. The patient was born to consanguineous parents and was the first affected member of the family. He presented with postaxial polydactyly, obesity, micropenis, retinitis pigmentosa, and learning disability. The multigenic panel allowed the identification of the homozygous pathogenic variant c.39_46del in the BBS10 gene and in other BBS genes variants associated with obesity. As the Bardet-Biedl syndrome is a rare disease, it is challenging to interpret its pleiotropism and gene/allelic heterogeneity. Its confirmation by molecular tests allows an adequate approach, follow-up, and genetic counseling of the patient and the family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz Yaqueline Ladino
- Departamento de Genética, Grupo de Investigación GenHOMI, Fundación Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia-HOMI, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia Maestría en Genética Humana, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Sheffield ID, McGee MA, Glenn SJ, Baek DY, Coleman JM, Dorius BK, Williams C, Rose BJ, Sanchez AE, Goodman MA, Daines JM, Eggett DL, Sheffield VC, Suli A, Kooyman DL. Osteoarthritis-Like Changes in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome Mutant Ciliopathy Mice ( Bbs1M390R/M390R): Evidence for a Role of Primary Cilia in Cartilage Homeostasis and Regulation of Inflammation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:708. [PMID: 29971011 PMCID: PMC6018413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating inflammation related disease characterized by joint pain and effusion, loss of mobility, and deformity that may result in functional joint failure and significant impact on quality of life. Once thought of as a simple “wear and tear” disease, it is now widely recognized that OA has a considerable metabolic component and is related to chronic inflammation. Defects associated with primary cilia have been shown to be cause OA-like changes in Bardet–Biedl mice. We examined the role of dysfunctional primary cilia in OA in mice through the regulation of the previously identified degradative and pro-inflammatory molecular pathways common to OA. We observed an increase in the presence of pro-inflammatory markers TGFβ-1 and HTRA1 as well as cartilage destructive protease MMP-13 but a decrease in DDR-2. We observed a morphological difference in cartilage thickness in Bbs1M390R/M390R mice compared to wild type (WT). We did not observe any difference in OARSI or Mankin scores between WT and Bbs1M390R/M390R mice. Primary cilia appear to be involved in the upregulation of biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory markers common to OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac D Sheffield
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Mercedes A McGee
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Steven J Glenn
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Da Young Baek
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Joshua M Coleman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Bradley K Dorius
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Channing Williams
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Brandon J Rose
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Anthony E Sanchez
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Michael A Goodman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - John M Daines
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Dennis L Eggett
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Val C Sheffield
- Departments of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Arminda Suli
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - David L Kooyman
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zebrafish Models of Rare Hereditary Pediatric Diseases. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6020043. [PMID: 29789451 PMCID: PMC6023479 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technologies have made it significantly easier to find the genetic roots of rare hereditary pediatric diseases. These novel methods are not panaceas, however, and they often give ambiguous results, highlighting multiple possible causative mutations in affected patients. Furthermore, even when the mapping results are unambiguous, the affected gene might be of unknown function. In these cases, understanding how a particular genotype can result in a phenotype also needs carefully designed experimental work. Model organism genetics can offer a straightforward experimental setup for hypothesis testing. Containing orthologs for over 80% of the genes involved in human diseases, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as one of the top disease models over the past decade. A plethora of genetic tools makes it easy to create mutations in almost any gene of the zebrafish genome and these mutant strains can be used in high-throughput preclinical screens for active molecules. As this small vertebrate species offers several other advantages as well, its popularity in biomedical research is bound to increase, with “aquarium to bedside” drug development pipelines taking a more prevalent role in the near future.
Collapse
|
54
|
Stals KL, Wakeling M, Baptista J, Caswell R, Parrish A, Rankin J, Tysoe C, Jones G, Gunning AC, Lango Allen H, Bradley L, Brady AF, Carley H, Carmichael J, Castle B, Cilliers D, Cox H, Deshpande C, Dixit A, Eason J, Elmslie F, Fry AE, Fryer A, Holder M, Homfray T, Kivuva E, McKay V, Newbury‐Ecob R, Parker M, Savarirayan R, Searle C, Shannon N, Shears D, Smithson S, Thomas E, Turnpenny PD, Varghese V, Vasudevan P, Wakeling E, Baple EL, Ellard S. Diagnosis of lethal or prenatal-onset autosomal recessive disorders by parental exome sequencing. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:33-43. [PMID: 29096039 PMCID: PMC5836855 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rare genetic disorders resulting in prenatal or neonatal death are genetically heterogeneous, but testing is often limited by the availability of fetal DNA, leaving couples without a potential prenatal test for future pregnancies. We describe our novel strategy of exome sequencing parental DNA samples to diagnose recessive monogenic disorders in an audit of the first 50 couples referred. METHOD Exome sequencing was carried out in a consecutive series of 50 couples who had 1 or more pregnancies affected with a lethal or prenatal-onset disorder. In all cases, there was insufficient DNA for exome sequencing of the affected fetus. Heterozygous rare variants (MAF < 0.001) in the same gene in both parents were selected for analysis. Likely, disease-causing variants were tested in fetal DNA to confirm co-segregation. RESULTS Parental exome analysis identified heterozygous pathogenic (or likely pathogenic) variants in 24 different genes in 26/50 couples (52%). Where 2 or more fetuses were affected, a genetic diagnosis was obtained in 18/29 cases (62%). In most cases, the clinical features were typical of the disorder, but in others, they result from a hypomorphic variant or represent the most severe form of a variable phenotypic spectrum. CONCLUSION We conclude that exome sequencing of parental samples is a powerful strategy with high clinical utility for the genetic diagnosis of lethal or prenatal-onset recessive disorders. © 2017 The Authors Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
|
55
|
Bujakowska KM, Liu Q, Pierce EA. Photoreceptor Cilia and Retinal Ciliopathies. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028274. [PMID: 28289063 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptors are sensory neurons designed to convert light stimuli into neurological responses. This process, called phototransduction, takes place in the outer segments (OS) of rod and cone photoreceptors. OS are specialized sensory cilia, with analogous structures to those present in other nonmotile cilia. Deficient morphogenesis and/or dysfunction of photoreceptor sensory cilia (PSC) caused by mutations in a variety of photoreceptor-specific and common cilia genes can lead to inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs). IRDs can manifest as isolated retinal diseases or syndromic diseases. In this review, we describe the structure and composition of PSC and different forms of ciliopathies with retinal involvement. We review the genetics of the IRDs, which are monogenic disorders but genetically diverse with regard to causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga M Bujakowska
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Qin Liu
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Eric A Pierce
- Ocular Genomics Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
A novel BBS10 mutation identified in a patient with Bardet-Biedl syndrome with a violent emotional outbreak. Hum Genome Var 2017; 4:17033. [PMID: 28808579 PMCID: PMC5550758 DOI: 10.1038/hgv.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a 10-year-old girl with Bardet–Biedl syndrome caused by a novel mutation in the Bardet–Biedl syndrome 10 (BBS10) gene. She had multiple malformations, including a dysmorphic face, postaxial polydactyly, polycystic kidney and amblyopia. She presented with typical BBS features, including intellectual disability with emotional outbursts and mild obesity. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations with NM_024685.3:c.1677C>A [p.(Tyr559*)] and c.1974T>G [p.(Tyr658*)]. To our knowledge, the latter mutation has never been reported previously.
Collapse
|
57
|
Álvarez-Satta M, Castro-Sánchez S, Valverde D. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome as a Chaperonopathy: Dissecting the Major Role of Chaperonin-Like BBS Proteins (BBS6-BBS10-BBS12). Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:55. [PMID: 28824921 PMCID: PMC5534436 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare genetic disorder that belongs to the group of ciliopathies, defined as diseases caused by defects in cilia structure and/or function. The six diagnostic features considered for this syndrome include retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment and renal and urogenital anomalies. Furthermore, three of the 21 genes currently known to be involved in BBS encode chaperonin-like proteins (MKKS/BBS6, BBS10, and BBS12), so BBS can be also considered a member of the growing group of chaperonopathies. Remarkably, up to 50% of clinically-diagnosed BBS families can harbor disease-causing variants in these three genes, which highlights the importance of chaperone defects as pathogenic factors even for genetically heterogeneous syndromes such as BBS. In addition, it is interesting to note that BBS families with deleterious variants in MKKS/BBS6, BBS10 or BBS12 genes generally display more severe phenotypes than families with changes in other BBS genes. The chaperonin-like BBS proteins have structural homology to the CCT family of group II chaperonins, although they are believed to conserve neither the ATP-dependent folding activity of canonical CCT chaperonins nor the ability to form CCT-like oligomeric complexes. Thus, they play an important role in the initial steps of assembly of the BBSome, which is a multiprotein complex essential for mediating the ciliary trafficking activity. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of those genetic, functional and evolutionary aspects concerning chaperonin-like BBS proteins, trying to provide a new perspective that expands the classical conception of BBS only from a ciliary point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Álvarez-Satta
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Grupo de Biomarcadores Moleculares, Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Raras y Medicina Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGOVigo, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia 2016-2019), Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Scott CA, Marsden AN, Rebagliati MR, Zhang Q, Chamling X, Searby CC, Baye LM, Sheffield VC, Slusarski DC. Nuclear/cytoplasmic transport defects in BBS6 underlie congenital heart disease through perturbation of a chromatin remodeling protein. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006936. [PMID: 28753627 PMCID: PMC5550010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in BBS6 cause two clinically distinct syndromes, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a syndrome caused by defects in cilia transport and function, as well as McKusick-Kaufman syndrome, a genetic disorder characterized by congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects are rare in BBS, and McKusick-Kaufman syndrome patients do not develop retinitis pigmentosa. Therefore, the McKusick-Kaufman syndrome allele may highlight cellular functions of BBS6 distinct from the presently understood functions in the cilia. In support, we find that the McKusick-Kaufman syndrome disease-associated allele, BBS6H84Y; A242S, maintains cilia function. We demonstrate that BBS6 is actively transported between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and that BBS6H84Y; A242S, is defective in this transport. We developed a transgenic zebrafish with inducible bbs6 to identify novel binding partners of BBS6, and we find interaction with the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling protein Smarcc1a (SMARCC1 in humans). We demonstrate that through this interaction, BBS6 modulates the sub-cellular localization of SMARCC1 and find, by transcriptional profiling, similar transcriptional changes following smarcc1a and bbs6 manipulation. Our work identifies a new function for BBS6 in nuclear-cytoplasmic transport, and provides insight into the disease mechanism underlying the congenital heart defects in McKusick-Kaufman syndrome patients. To understand how mutations in one gene can cause two distinct human syndromes (McKusick-Kaufman syndrome and Bardet-Bield syndrome), we investigated the cellular functions of the implicated gene BBS6. We found that BBS6 is actively transported between the cytoplasm and nucleus, and this interaction is disrupted in McKusick-Kaufman syndrome, but not Bardet-Biedl syndrome. We find that by manipulating BBS6, we can affect another protein, SMARCC1, which has a direct role in regulating gene expression. When we profiled these changes in gene expression, we find that many genes, which can be directly linked to the symptoms of McKusick-Kaufman syndrome, are affected. Therefore, our data support that the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport defect of BBS6, through disruption of proteins controlling gene expression, cause the symptoms observed in McKusick-Kaufman syndrome patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Anthony Scott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Autumn N. Marsden
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael R. Rebagliati
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Qihong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xitiz Chamling
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Charles C. Searby
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Baye
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics and Ophthalmology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Wynn Institute for Vision Research University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Diane C. Slusarski
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Wynn Institute for Vision Research University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Qi Z, Shen Y, Fu Q, Li W, Yang W, Xu W, Chu P, Zhang Y, Wang H. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in MMKS in a Chinese pedigree with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017. [PMID: 28624958 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by retinal dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, developmental delay, and renal defects. At least 21 candidate BBS-associated genes (BBS1-19, NPHP1, and IFT172) have previously been identified, and all of them play important roles in ciliary function. Here, we collected a BBS pedigree with four members and performed whole-exome sequencing on the proband. The variants were analyzed and evaluated to confirm their pathogenicity. We found compound heterozygous variants (c.1192C>T, p.Q398* and c.1175C>T, p.T392M) in MKKS in both the siblings, and these were likely to be pathogenic variants. We also found a missense variant (c.2029G>C, p.E677Q) in NPHP1 and a missense variant (c.2470C>T, p.R824C) in BBS9 in the proband only, which are variants of uncertain significance. The compound heterozygous variants were probably responsible for the BBS phenotype in this Chinese pedigree and the missense mutations in NPHP1 and BBS9 might contribute to the mutation load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education; Nephrology Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Qian Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education; Nephrology Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Wenshan Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education, Center for Medical Genetics, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ping Chu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Disease of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education; Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Chronic Renal Disease and Blood Purification, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children of Ministry of Education; Nephrology Department, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kaur Y, de Souza RJ, Gibson WT, Meyre D. A systematic review of genetic syndromes with obesity. Obes Rev 2017; 18:603-634. [PMID: 28346723 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Syndromic monogenic obesity typically follows Mendelian patterns of inheritance and involves the co-presentation of other characteristics, such as mental retardation, dysmorphic features and organ-specific abnormalities. Previous reviews on obesity have reported 20 to 30 syndromes but no systematic review has yet been conducted on syndromic obesity. We searched seven databases using terms such as 'obesity', 'syndrome' and 'gene' to conduct a systematic review of literature on syndromic obesity. Our literature search identified 13,719 references. After abstract and full-text review, 119 relevant papers were eligible, and 42 papers were identified through additional searches. Our analysis of these 161 papers found that 79 obesity syndromes have been reported in literature. Of the 79 syndromes, 19 have been fully genetically elucidated, 11 have been partially elucidated, 27 have been mapped to a chromosomal region and for the remaining 22, neither the gene(s) nor the chromosomal location(s) have yet been identified. Interestingly, 54.4% of the syndromes have not been assigned a name, whereas 13.9% have more than one name. We report on organizational inconsistencies (e.g. naming discrepancies and syndrome classification) and provide suggestions for improvements. Overall, this review illustrates the need for increased clinical and genetic research on syndromes with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kaur
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W T Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:943-86. [PMID: 27154742 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In high-, middle- and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and heritable disorder, obesity results from the interplay between genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, metagenomics and the environment. Attempts at understanding the genetic basis of obesity have identified numerous genes associated with syndromic monogenic, non-syndromic monogenic, oligogenic and polygenic obesity. The genetics of leanness are also considered relevant as it mirrors some of obesity's aetiologies. In this report, we summarize ten genetically elucidated obesity syndromes, some of which are involved in ciliary functioning. We comprehensively review 11 monogenic obesity genes identified to date and their role in energy maintenance as part of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. With the emergence of genome-wide association studies over the last decade, 227 genetic variants involved in different biological pathways (central nervous system, food sensing and digestion, adipocyte differentiation, insulin signalling, lipid metabolism, muscle and liver biology, gut microbiota) have been associated with polygenic obesity. Advances in obligatory and facilitated epigenetic variation, and gene-environment interaction studies have partly accounted for the missing heritability of obesity and provided additional insight into its aetiology. The role of gut microbiota in obesity pathophysiology, as well as the 12 genes associated with lipodystrophies is discussed. Furthermore, in an attempt to improve future studies and merge the gap between research and clinical practice, we provide suggestions on how high-throughput '-omic' data can be integrated in order to get closer to the new age of personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
62
|
Nahum N, Forti E, Aksanov O, Birk R. Insulin regulates Bbs4 during adipogenesis. IUBMB Life 2017; 69:489-499. [PMID: 28371235 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder associated with marked obesity, increased susceptibility to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, it is unknown whether the link between BBS and diabetes is indirect or direct. Adipogenesis and adipocyte function are regulated by hormonal stimuli, with insulin and insulin growth factor (IGF) playing an important role both in normal and impaired conditions. We have previously shown augmented transcript levels of BBS genes upon induction of adipogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of insulin in BBS. Through in vitro studies in adipocytes in which Bbs4 expression was either silenced (SiBbs4) or overexpressed (OEBbs4), we showed that insulin and IGF dose- and time-dependently decrease transcription and protein expression of BBS genes during adipogenesis. Silencing of Bbs4 expression in adipocytes significantly impaired and reduced glucose uptake. This effect was reversed by Bbs4 overexpression. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase resulted in upregulation of Bbs transcripts, suggesting that the PI3K pathway is involved in the regulation of these genes. In conclusion, we showed that insulin is a direct regulator of Bbs1, 2, 4 and 6. This hormonal regulation might indicate a metabolic link of these genes to obesity and metabolic syndrome. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(7):489-499, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netta Nahum
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Efrat Forti
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Olga Aksanov
- Department of Biotechnology and Epidemiology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited diseases that affect genes encoding proteins that localize to primary cilia or centrosomes. With few exceptions, ciliopathies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and affected individuals manifest early during childhood or adolescence. NPHP-RC are genetically very heterogeneous, and, currently, mutations in more than 90 genes have been described as single-gene causes. The phenotypes of NPHP-RC are very diverse, and include cystic-fibrotic kidney disease, brain developmental defects, retinal degeneration, skeletal deformities, facial dimorphism, and, in some cases, laterality defects, and congenital heart disease. Mutations in the same gene can give rise to diverse phenotypes depending on the mutated allele. At the same time, there is broad phenotypic overlap between different monogenic genes. The identification of monogenic causes of ciliopathies has furthered the understanding of molecular mechanism and cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
64
|
Abstract
Studies of human genetic disorders have traditionally followed a reductionist paradigm. Traits are defined as Mendelian or complex based on family pedigree and population data, whereas alleles are deemed rare, common, benign, or deleterious based on their population frequencies. The availability of exome and genome data, as well as gene and allele discovery for various conditions, is beginning to challenge classic definitions of genetic causality. Here, I discuss recent advances in our understanding of the overlap between rare and complex diseases and the context-dependent effect of both rare and common alleles that underscores the need for revising the traditional categorizations of genetic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Lindstrand A, Frangakis S, Carvalho C, Richardson E, McFadden K, Willer J, Pehlivan D, Liu P, Pediaditakis I, Sabo A, Lewis R, Banin E, Lupski J, Davis E, Katsanis N. Copy-Number Variation Contributes to the Mutational Load of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:318-36. [PMID: 27486776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a defining ciliopathy, notable for extensive allelic and genetic heterogeneity, almost all of which has been identified through sequencing. Recent data have suggested that copy-number variants (CNVs) also contribute to BBS. We used a custom oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) covering 20 genes that encode intraflagellar transport (IFT) components and 74 ciliopathy loci to screen 92 unrelated individuals with BBS, irrespective of their known mutational burden. We identified 17 individuals with exon-disruptive CNVs (18.5%), including 13 different deletions in eight BBS genes (BBS1, BBS2, ARL6/BBS3, BBS4, BBS5, BBS7, BBS9, and NPHP1) and a deletion and a duplication in other ciliopathy-associated genes (ALMS1 and NPHP4, respectively). By contrast, we found a single heterozygous exon-disruptive event in a BBS-associated gene (BBS9) in 229 control subjects. Superimposing these data with resequencing revealed CNVs to (1) be sufficient to cause disease, (2) Mendelize heterozygous deleterious alleles, and (3) contribute oligogenic alleles by combining point mutations and exonic CNVs in multiple genes. Finally, we report a deletion and a splice site mutation in IFT74, inherited under a recessive paradigm, defining a candidate BBS locus. Our data suggest that CNVs contribute pathogenic alleles to a substantial fraction of BBS-affected individuals and highlight how either deletions or point mutations in discrete splice isoforms can induce hypomorphic mutations in genes otherwise intolerant to deleterious variation. Our data also suggest that CNV analyses and resequencing studies unbiased for previous mutational burden is necessary to delineate the complexity of disease architecture.
Collapse
|
66
|
Marshall RA, Osborn DPS. Zebrafish: a vertebrate tool for studying basal body biogenesis, structure, and function. Cilia 2016; 5:16. [PMID: 27168933 PMCID: PMC4862167 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0036-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the role of basal bodies (BBs) during development and disease has been largely overshadowed by research into the function of the cilium. Although these two organelles are closely associated, they have specific roles to complete for successful cellular development. Appropriate development and function of the BB are fundamental for cilia function. Indeed, there are a growing number of human genetic diseases affecting ciliary development, known collectively as the ciliopathies. Accumulating evidence suggests that BBs establish cell polarity, direct ciliogenesis, and provide docking sites for proteins required within the ciliary axoneme. Major contributions to our knowledge of BB structure and function have been provided by studies in flagellated or ciliated unicellular eukaryotic organisms, specifically Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas. Reproducing these and other findings in vertebrates has required animal in vivo models. Zebrafish have fast become one of the primary organisms of choice for modeling vertebrate functional genetics. Rapid ex-utero development, proficient egg laying, ease of genetic manipulation, and affordability make zebrafish an attractive vertebrate research tool. Furthermore, zebrafish share over 80 % of disease causing genes with humans. In this article, we discuss the merits of using zebrafish to study BB functional genetics, review current knowledge of zebrafish BB ultrastructure and mechanisms of function, and consider the outlook for future zebrafish-based BB studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Marshall
- Cell Sciences and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE UK
| | - Daniel P S Osborn
- Cell Sciences and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, SW17 0RE UK
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder. It is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations including primary features of the disease (rod-cone dystrophy, polydactyly, obesity, genital abnormalities, renal defects, and learning difficulties) and secondary BBS characteristics (developmental delay, speech deficit, brachydactyly or syndactyly, dental defects, ataxia or poor coordination, olfactory deficit, diabetes mellitus, congenital heart disease, etc.); most of these symptoms may not be present at birth but appear and progressively worsen during the first and second decades of life. At least 20 BBS genes have already been identified, and all of them are involved in primary cilia functioning. Genetic diagnosis of BBS is complicated due to lack of gene-specific disease symptoms; however, it is gradually becoming more accessible with the invention of multigene sequencing technologies. Clinical management of BBS is largely limited to a symptomatic treatment. Mouse experiments demonstrate that the most debilitating complication of BBS, blindness, can be rescued by topical gene therapy. There is a published case report describing the delay of BBS symptoms by nutritional compensation of the disease-related biochemical deficiencies. Progress in DNA testing technologies is likely to rapidly resolve all limitations in BBS diagnosis; however, much slower improvement is expected with regard to BBS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny N Suspitsin
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny N Imyanitov
- N.N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Improving the management of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies by targeted sequencing of a population-specific gene panel. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23910. [PMID: 27032803 PMCID: PMC4817143 DOI: 10.1038/srep23910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has overcome important limitations to the molecular diagnosis of Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (IRD) such as the high clinical and genetic heterogeneity and the overlapping phenotypes. The purpose of this study was the identification of the genetic defect in 32 Spanish families with different forms of IRD. With that aim, we implemented a custom NGS panel comprising 64 IRD-associated genes in our population, and three disease-associated intronic regions. A total of 37 pathogenic mutations (14 novels) were found in 73% of IRD patients ranging from 50% for autosomal dominant cases, 75% for syndromic cases, 83% for autosomal recessive cases, and 100% for X-linked cases. Additionally, unexpected phenotype-genotype correlations were found in 6 probands, which led to the refinement of their clinical diagnoses. Furthermore, intra- and interfamilial phenotypic variability was observed in two cases. Moreover, two cases unsuccessfully analysed by exome sequencing were resolved by applying this panel. Our results demonstrate that this hypothesis-free approach based on frequently mutated, population-specific loci is highly cost-efficient for the routine diagnosis of this heterogeneous condition and allows the unbiased analysis of a miscellaneous cohort. The molecular information found here has aid clinical diagnosis and has improved genetic counselling and patient management.
Collapse
|
69
|
Heon E, Kim G, Qin S, Garrison JE, Tavares E, Vincent A, Nuangchamnong N, Scott CA, Slusarski DC, Sheffield VC. Mutations in C8ORF37 cause Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS21). Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2283-2294. [PMID: 27008867 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multisystem genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy that most commonly leads to obesity, photoreceptor degeneration, digit anomalies, genito-urinary abnormalities, as well as cognitive impairment with autism, among other features. Sequencing of a DNA sample from a 17-year-old female affected with BBS did not identify any mutation in the known BBS genes. Whole-genome sequencing identified a novel loss-of-function disease-causing homozygous mutation (K102*) in C8ORF37, a gene coding for a cilia protein. The proband was overweight (body mass index 29.1) with a slowly progressive rod-cone dystrophy, a mild learning difficulty, high myopia, three limb post-axial polydactyly, horseshoe kidney, abnormally positioned uterus and elevated liver enzymes. Mutations in C8ORF37 were previously associated with severe autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies (retinitis pigmentosa RP64 and cone-rod dystrophy CORD16) but not BBS. To elucidate the functional role of C8ORF37 in a vertebrate system, we performed gene knockdown in Danio rerio and assessed the cardinal features of BBS and visual function. Knockdown of c8orf37 resulted in impaired visual behavior and BBS-related phenotypes, specifically, defects in the formation of Kupffer's vesicle and delays in retrograde transport. Specificity of these phenotypes to BBS knockdown was shown with rescue experiments. Over-expression of human missense mutations in zebrafish also resulted in impaired visual behavior and BBS-related phenotypes. This is the first functional validation and association of C8ORF37 mutations with the BBS phenotype, which identifies BBS21. The zebrafish studies hereby show that C8ORF37 variants underlie clinically diagnosed BBS-related phenotypes as well as isolated retinal degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Gunhee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Sophie Qin
- Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Janelle E Garrison
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine
| | - Erika Tavares
- Program of Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | | | - C Anthony Scott
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Val C Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wynn Institute for Vision Research, Carver College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Song Z, Zhang X, Jia S, Yelick PC, Zhao C. Zebrafish as a Model for Human Ciliopathies. J Genet Genomics 2016; 43:107-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
71
|
Khan S, Muhammad N, Khan M, Kamal A, Rehman Z, Khan S. Genetics of human Bardet-Biedl syndrome, an updates. Clin Genet 2016; 90:3-15. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - N. Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - M.A. Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Gomal University; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
| | - A. Kamal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Z.U. Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - S. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
- Genomic Core Facility; Interim Translational Research Institute; Doha Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Ece Solmaz A, Onay H, Atik T, Aykut A, Cerrah Gunes M, Ozalp Yuregir O, Bas VN, Hazan F, Kirbiyik O, Ozkinay F. Targeted multi-gene panel testing for the diagnosis of Bardet Biedl syndrome: Identification of nine novel mutations across BBS1, BBS2, BBS4, BBS7, BBS9, BBS10 genes. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:689-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
73
|
Knopp C, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Eggermann T, Bergmann C, Begemann M, Schoner K, Zerres K, Ortiz Brüchle N. Syndromic ciliopathies: From single gene to multi gene analysis by SNP arrays and next generation sequencing. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 29:299-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
74
|
[Algorithm for the molecular analysis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Spain]. Med Clin (Barc) 2015; 145:147-52. [PMID: 25087209 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2014.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a multisystemic genetic disorder, which is not widespread among the Caucasian population, characterized by a highly variable phenotype and great genetic heterogeneity. BBS belongs to a group of diseases called ciliopathies, caused by defects in the structure and/or function of cilia. Due to the diagnostic complexity of the syndrome, the objective of this study was to analyse our whole group of patients in order to create an algorithm to facilitate the routine molecular diagnosis of BBS. We also calculated several epidemiological parameters in our cohort. PATIENTS AND METHOD We analysed 116 BBS patients belonging to 89 families from the whole Spanish geography. All probands fulfilled diagnosis criteria established for BBS. For this, we used: genotyping microarray, direct sequencing and homozygosis mapping (in consanguineous families). RESULTS By means of the different approaches, it was possible to diagnose 47% of families (21% by genotyping microarray, 18% by direct sequencing of predominant BBS genes, and 8% by homozygosis mapping). With regard to epidemiological data, a prevalence value of 1:407,000 was obtained for BBS in Spain, and a sex ratio of 1.4:1 (men:women). CONCLUSIONS The proposed algorithm, based on the analysis of predominant BBS genes combined with homozygosis mapping, allowed us to confirm the molecular diagnosis in a significant percentage of families with clinically suspected BBS. This diagnostic algorithm will be useful for the improvement of the efficiency of molecular analysis in BBS.
Collapse
|
75
|
Novas R, Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Irigoín F, Badano JL. Bardet-Biedl syndrome: Is it only cilia dysfunction? FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3479-91. [PMID: 26231314 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous, pleiotropic disorder, characterized by both congenital and late onset defects. From the analysis of the mutational burden in patients to the functional characterization of the BBS proteins, this syndrome has become a model for both understanding oligogenic patterns of inheritance and the biology of a particular cellular organelle: the primary cilium. Here we briefly review the genetics of BBS to then focus on the function of the BBS proteins, not only in the context of the cilium but also highlighting potential extra-ciliary roles that could be relevant to the etiology of the disorder. Finally, we provide an overview of how the study of this rare syndrome has contributed to the understanding of cilia biology and how this knowledge has informed on the cellular basis of different clinical manifestations that characterize BBS and the ciliopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossina Novas
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay
| | | | - Florencia Irigoín
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay; Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Gral. Flores 2125, Montevideo CP11800, Uruguay
| | - Jose L Badano
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo CP11400, Uruguay.
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Castro-Sánchez S, Álvarez-Satta M, Cortón M, Guillén E, Ayuso C, Valverde D. Exploring genotype-phenotype relationships in Bardet-Biedl syndrome families. J Med Genet 2015; 52:503-13. [PMID: 26082521 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive ciliopathy that displays retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly, cognitive impairment, urogenital anomalies and renal abnormalities as primary clinical features. To date, 19 causative genes (BBS1-19) have been involved, whose mutations would explain over 80% of patients. The overlapping phenotypes among ciliopathies, in addition to the high intrafamilial and interfamilial variability in clinical presentation, further complicate the diagnosis of this syndrome. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to elucidate some genotype-phenotype trends that could be helpful to focus the molecular diagnosis of patients with BBS. METHODS Thirty-seven families (52 cases) with mutations in BBS1 or chaperonin-like BBS genes (BBS6, BBS10, BBS12) from our Spanish cohort were enrolled. Systemic and ocular features were documented as comprehensively as possible. RESULTS Comparing BBS1 versus chaperonin-like genes phenotypes we found more severe clinical features in the second group, since they displayed higher prevalence of all primary features, remarkable being the frequency of cognitive impairment (75%) in BBS12 and urogenital anomalies (83%) in patients with BBS10. With regards to p.(Met390Arg) cases, homozygotes showed a relatively more severe ocular phenotype than compound heterozygotes, since more severe fundus alterations and higher frequency of cataracts and dyschromatopsia (not previously described) were documented in the first group. The phenotypes observed frequently overlapped with Alström syndrome and, in the case of chaperonin-like genes, McKusick-Kauffman syndrome overlapping was detected. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence of BBS12 mutations related to severe phenotypes as previously described for patients with BBS10, while BBS1 ocular phenotype should not be considered as mild as generally reported when compared with other BBS phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Castro-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ourense-Pontevedra-Vigo (IBI), Vigo, Spain
| | - María Álvarez-Satta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ourense-Pontevedra-Vigo (IBI), Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Cortón
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarna Guillén
- Medical Genetics Unit, Pediatrics Service, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Department of Genetics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, CIBERER, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Valverde
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Ourense-Pontevedra-Vigo (IBI), Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in the identification of mutations that drive genetic disorders, progress in understanding the effect of genetic background on the penetrance and expressivity of causal alleles has been modest, in part because of the methodological challenges in identifying genetic modifiers. Nonetheless, the progressive discovery of modifier alleles has improved both our interpretative ability and our analytical tools to dissect such phenomena. In this review, we analyze the genetic properties and behaviors of modifiers as derived from studies in patient populations and model organisms and we highlight conceptual and technological tools used to overcome some of the challenges inherent in modifier mapping and cloning. Finally, we discuss how the identification of these modifiers has facilitated the elucidation of biological pathways and holds the potential to improve the clinical predictive value of primary causal mutations and to develop novel drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kousi
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the visual needs of the adult population with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and to ensure that this is addressed by a national Bardet-Biedl Service. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of all adults under a national BBS Clinic (Birmingham, United Kingdom) was performed using the BBS Ophthalmic Assessment Tool, a novel tool designed to capture the key elements of visual function, impact on lifestyle, and clinical findings relevant to BBS. RESULTS Sixty-two adult patients were confirmed to have BBS. Bardet-Biedl syndrome mutations were identified in 51, most commonly BBS1 (n = 35), BBS2 (n = 6), and BBS10 (n = 5). In 11 patients (18%), BBS had not been diagnosed until adulthood. Median visual acuity was hand motion (range, 0.0 logMAR-no perception of light). More advanced retinopathy was associated with increasing age, worsening visual acuity, and the presence of nystagmus. Forty patients (65%) had undertaken mainstream education with 29 (47%) achieving higher education; 7 patients (11%) had moderate or severe learning difficulties. Most (90%) were registered sight-impaired or severely sight-impaired patients. CONCLUSION The BBS Ophthalmic Assessment Tool provides a wide-ranging assessment of ophthalmic status and vision-related needs of the BBS population. This evaluation demonstrates the spectrum of visual disability in this population and its correlation with worsening retinopathy over time.
Collapse
|
79
|
Lim E, Liu Y, Chan Y, Tiinamaija T, Käräjämäki A, Madsen E, Altshuler D, Raychaudhuri S, Groop L, Flannick J, Hirschhorn J, Katsanis N, Daly M, Daly MJ. A novel test for recessive contributions to complex diseases implicates Bardet-Biedl syndrome gene BBS10 in idiopathic type 2 diabetes and obesity. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:509-20. [PMID: 25439097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare-variant association studies in common, complex diseases are customarily conducted under an additive risk model in both single-variant and burden testing. Here, we describe a method to improve detection of rare recessive variants in complex diseases termed RAFT (recessive-allele-frequency-based test). We found that RAFT outperforms existing approaches when the variant influences disease risk in a recessive manner on simulated data. We then applied our method to 1,791 Finnish individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 2,657 matched control subjects. In BBS10, we discovered a rare variant (c.1189A>G [p.Ile397Val]; rs202042386) that confers risk of T2D in a recessive state (p = 1.38 × 10(-6)) and would be missed by conventional methods. Testing of this variant in an established in vivo zebrafish model confirmed the variant to be pathogenic. Taken together, these data suggest that RAFT can effectively reveal rare recessive contributions to complex diseases overlooked by conventional association tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Chennen K, Scerbo MJ, Dollfus H, Poch O, Marion V. [Bardet-Biedl syndrome: cilia and obesity - from genes to integrative approaches]. Med Sci (Paris) 2014; 30:1034-1039. [PMID: 25388586 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20143011018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a specialized organelle, present at the surface of most eukaryotic cells, whose main function is to detect, integrate and transmit intra- and extra-cellular signals. Its dysfunction usually results in a group of severe clinical manifestations nowadays termed ciliopathies. The latter can be of syndromic nature with multi-organ dysfunctions and can also be associated with a morbid obese phenotype, like it is the case in the iconic ciliopathy, the Bardet Biedl syndrome (BBS). This review will discuss the contribution of the unique context offered by the emblematic BBS for understanding the mechanisms leading to obesity via the involvement of the primary cilium together with identification of novel molecular players and signaling pathways it has helped to highlight. In the current context of translational medicine and system biology, this article will also discuss the potential benefits and challenges posed by these techniques via multi-level approaches to better dissect the underlying mechanisms leading to the complex condition of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsley Chennen
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Inserm U1112, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France - LBGI bioinformatique et génomique intégratives - BFO ICube, CNRS UMR 7357, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Julia Scerbo
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Inserm U1112, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Inserm U1112, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Poch
- LBGI bioinformatique et génomique intégratives - BFO ICube, CNRS UMR 7357, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Marion
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale, Inserm U1112, fédération de médecine translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, 11, rue Humann, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Yoon SC, Lee HJ, Ko JM, Kang HG, Cheong HI, Yu HG, Kim JH. Two siblings with Bardet-Biedl syndrome caused by mutations in BBS10 : the first case identified in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5734/jgm.2014.11.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chul Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Gyung Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Il Cheong
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Coordination Center for Rare Diseases, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Opthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Department of Opthalmology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Sinha S, Belcastro M, Datta P, Seo S, Sokolov M. Essential role of the chaperonin CCT in rod outer segment biogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:3775-85. [PMID: 24854858 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE While some evidence suggests an essential role for the chaperonin containing t-complex protein 1 (CCT) in ciliogenesis, this function remains poorly understood mechanistically. We used transgenic mice, previously generated in our lab, and characterized by a genetically-induced suppression of CCT in rod photoreceptors as well as a malformation of the rod sensory cilia, the outer segments, to gain new insights into this underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS The CCT activity in rod photoreceptors of mice was suppressed by overexpressing the chaperonin inhibitor, phosducin-like protein short, and the ensuing changes of cellular morphology were analyzed by light and electron microscopy. Protein expression levels were studied by fluorescent microscopy and Western blotting. RESULTS Suppressing the chaperonin made the photoreceptors incompetent to build their outer segments. Specifically, the CCT-deficient rods appeared unable to expand the outer segment plasma membrane, and accommodate growth of this compartment. Seeking the molecular mechanisms underlying such a shortcoming, we found that the affected rods could not express normal levels of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) proteins 2, 5, and 7 and, owing to that deficiency, were unable to assemble the BBSome, a multisubunit complex responsible for ciliary trafficking. A similar effect in response to the chaperonin suppression was also observed in cultured ciliated cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new evidence indicating the essential role of the chaperonin CCT in the biogenesis of vertebrate photoreceptor sensory cilia, and suggest that it may be due to the direct participation of the chaperonin in the posttranslational processing of selected BBS proteins and assembly of the BBSome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Marycharmain Belcastro
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Poppy Datta
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Seongjin Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Maxim Sokolov
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Lindstrand A, Davis E, Carvalho C, Pehlivan D, Willer J, Tsai IC, Ramanathan S, Zuppan C, Sabo A, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Liu P, Lewis R, Banin E, Lupski J, Clark R, Katsanis N. Recurrent CNVs and SNVs at the NPHP1 locus contribute pathogenic alleles to Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 94:745-54. [PMID: 24746959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygosity for a recurrent 290 kb deletion of NPHP1 is the most frequent cause of isolated nephronophthisis (NPHP) in humans. A deletion of the same genomic interval has also been detected in individuals with Joubert syndrome (JBTS), and in the mouse, Nphp1 interacts genetically with Ahi1, a known JBTS locus. Given these observations, we investigated the contribution of NPHP1 in Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), a ciliopathy of intermediate severity. By using a combination of array-comparative genomic hybridization, TaqMan copy number assays, and sequencing, we studied 200 families affected by BBS. We report a homozygous NPHP1 deletion CNV in a family with classical BBS that is transmitted with autosomal-recessive inheritance. Further, we identified heterozygous NPHP1 deletions in two more unrelated persons with BBS who bear primary mutations at another BBS locus. In parallel, we identified five families harboring an SNV in NPHP1 resulting in a conserved missense change, c.14G>T (p.Arg5Leu), that is enriched in our Hispanic pedigrees; in each case, affected individuals carried additional bona fide pathogenic alleles in another BBS gene. In vivo functional modeling in zebrafish embryos demonstrated that c.14G>T is a loss-of-function variant, and suppression of nphp1 in concert with each of the primary BBS loci found in our NPHP1-positive pedigrees exacerbated the severity of the phenotype. These results suggest that NPHP1 mutations are probably rare primary causes of BBS that contribute to the mutational burden of the disorder.
Collapse
|
84
|
Aldahmesh MA, Li Y, Alhashem A, Anazi S, Alkuraya H, Hashem M, Awaji AA, Sogaty S, Alkharashi A, Alzahrani S, Al Hazzaa SA, Xiong Y, Kong S, Sun Z, Alkuraya FS. IFT27, encoding a small GTPase component of IFT particles, is mutated in a consanguineous family with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3307-15. [PMID: 24488770 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive ciliopathy with multisystem involvement. So far, 18 BBS genes have been identified and the majority of them are essential for the function of BBSome, a protein complex involved in transporting membrane proteins into and from cilia. Yet defects in the identified genes cannot account for all the BBS cases. The genetic heterogeneity of this disease poses significant challenge to the identification of additional BBS genes. In this study, we coupled human genetics with functional validation in zebrafish and identified IFT27 as a novel BBS gene (BBS19). This is the first time an intraflagellar transport (IFT) gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of BBS, highlighting the genetic complexity of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amal Alhashem
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hisham Alkuraya
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali A Awaji
- Department of Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera Sogaty
- Department of Medical Genetics, King Fahad General Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and
| | - Abdullah Alkharashi
- Deparment of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selwa A Al Hazzaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Álvarez-Satta M, Castro-Sánchez S, Pereiro I, Piñeiro-Gallego T, Baiget M, Ayuso C, Valverde D. Overview of Bardet-Biedl syndrome in Spain: identification of novel mutations in BBS1, BBS10 and BBS12 genes. Clin Genet 2014; 86:601-2. [PMID: 24611592 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Álvarez-Satta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Wheway G, Parry DA, Johnson CA. The role of primary cilia in the development and disease of the retina. Organogenesis 2014; 10:69-85. [PMID: 24162842 PMCID: PMC4049897 DOI: 10.4161/org.26710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The normal development and function of photoreceptors is essential for eye health and visual acuity in vertebrates. Mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in photoreceptor development and function are associated with a suite of inherited retinal dystrophies, often as part of complex multi-organ syndromic conditions. In this review, we focus on the role of the photoreceptor outer segment, a highly modified and specialized primary cilium, in retinal health and disease. We discuss the many defects in the structure and function of the photoreceptor primary cilium that can cause a class of inherited conditions known as ciliopathies, often characterized by retinal dystrophy and degeneration, and highlight the recent insights into disease mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Wheway
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David A Parry
- Section of Genetics; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Section of Ophthalmology and Neurosciences; Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine; The University of Leeds; Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Sohár N, Jánossy Á, Janáky M, Facskó A. [Ophthalmologic manifestations of Bardet-Biedl syndrome]. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:2071-7. [PMID: 24374583 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bardet-Biedl syndrome is characterised by retinal dystrophy, polydactily, obesity and slow mental development. AIM The aim of the authors was to present ophthalmologic signs and symptoms of the syndrome. METHOD Between 1980 and 2010, 4 children with Bardet-Biedl syndrome were evaluated at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. Their age at the first visit was between 1 and 10 years. Basic ophthalmological and electrophysiological evaluation, as well as orthoptic examinations were performed. RESULTS In two cases the electroretinographic curves were subnormal, and in two cases the electroretinographic curves showed no elevation. In the 4 children abnormal electroretinographic curves appeared at the ages of 1, 5, 10, and 18 years. Pigmentary changes on the periphery of the retina were detected in two cases. CONCLUSIONS The different signs and symptoms of Bardet-Biedl syndrome may manifest at different ages. Electrophysiological changes failed to correlate with retinal alterations is these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Sohár
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvos- és Gyógyszerésztudományi Centrum, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 10-11. 6720
| | - Ágnes Jánossy
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvos- és Gyógyszerésztudományi Centrum, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 10-11. 6720
| | - Márta Janáky
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvos- és Gyógyszerésztudományi Centrum, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 10-11. 6720
| | - Andrea Facskó
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvos- és Gyógyszerésztudományi Centrum, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Szemészeti Klinika Szeged Korányi fasor 10-11. 6720
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Brinckman DD, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Blumhorst C, Biesecker LG, Sapp JC, Johnston JJ, Wiggs EA. Cognitive, sensory, and psychosocial characteristics in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2013; 161A:2964-71. [PMID: 24194441 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Forty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome ages 2-61 years were given a neuropsychological test battery to evaluate cognitive, sensory, and behavioral functioning. These tests included the Wechsler scales of intelligence, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Boston Naming Test, D-KEFS Verbal Fluency Test, D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test, D-KEFS Sorting Test, Wide Range Achievement Test: Math and Reading Subtests, Purdue Pegboard, The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, Social Communication Questionnaire, Social Responsiveness Scale, and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, Parent Rating Scale. On the age appropriate Wechsler scale, the mean Verbal Comprehension was 81 (n = 36), Working Memory was 81 (n = 36), Perceptual Reasoning was 78 (n = 24) and Full Scale IQ was 75 (n = 26). Memory for a word list (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) was in the average range with a mean of 89 (n = 19). Fine motor speed was slow on the Purdue with mean scores 3-4 standard deviations below norms. All subjects were microsmic on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. Of these 42 patients, only 6 were able to complete all auditory and visual tests; 52% were unable to complete the visual tests due to impaired vision. A wide range of behavioral issues were endorsed on questionnaires given to parents. Most had social skill deficits but no pattern of either externalizing or internalizing problems. We identify a characteristic neuro-behavioral profile in our cohort comprised of reduced IQ, impaired fine-motor function, and decreased olfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle D Brinckman
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Raghupathy RK, McCulloch DL, Akhtar S, Al-mubrad TM, Shu X. Zebrafish model for the genetic basis of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa. Zebrafish 2013; 10:62-9. [PMID: 23536988 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) affects 1/4000 individuals in most populations, and X-linked RP (XLRP) is one of the most severe forms of human retinal degeneration. Mutations in both the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene and retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) gene account for almost all cases of XLRP. The functional roles of both RPGR and RP2 in the pathogenesis of XLRP are unclear. Due to the surprisingly high degree of functional conservation between human genes and their zebrafish orthologues, the zebrafish has become an important model for human retinal disorders. In this brief review, we summarize the functional characterization of XLRP-causing genes, RPGR and RP2, in zebrafish, and highlight recent studies that provide insight into the cellular functions of both genes. This will not only shed light on disease mechanisms in XLRP but will also provide a solid platform to test RP-causing mutants before proposing XLRP gene therapy trials.
Collapse
|
90
|
Agha Z, Iqbal Z, Azam M, Hoefsloot LH, van Bokhoven H, Qamar R. A novel homozygous 10 nucleotide deletion in BBS10 causes Bardet-Biedl syndrome in a Pakistani family. Gene 2013; 519:177-81. [PMID: 23403234 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is a multisystem autosomal recessive disorder characterized by central obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, learning difficulties, rod-cone dystrophy and renal dysplasia. Bardet-Biedl Syndrome has a prevalence rate ranging from 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 160,000 births although there are communities where Bardet-Biedl Syndrome is found at a higher frequency due to consanguinity. We report here a Pakistani consanguineous family with two affected sons with typical clinical features of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, in addition to abnormal liver functioning and bilateral basal ganglia calcification, the latter feature being typical of Fahr's disease. Homozygous regions obtained from SNP array depicted three known genes BBS10, BBS14 and BBS2. Bidirectional sequencing of all coding exons by traditional sequencing of all these three genes showed a homozygous deletion of 10 nucleotides (c.1958_1967del), in BBS10 in both affected brothers. The segregation analysis revealed that the parents, paternal grandfather, maternal grandmother and an unaffected sister were heterozygous for the deletion. Such a large deletion in BBS10 has not been reported previously in any population and is likely to be contributing to the phenotype of Bardet-Biedl Syndrome in this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Agha
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
|
92
|
Khan S, Ullah I, Irfanullah, Touseef M, Basit S, Khan MN, Ahmad W. Novel homozygous mutations in the genes ARL6 and BBS10 underlying Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Gene 2012; 515:84-8. [PMID: 23219996 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from structural and functional defects in numerous organs. Frequent manifestations reported in the syndrome include obesity, renal dysplasia, cognitive impairment, postaxial polydactyly, pigmentary retinal degeneration and hypogonadism. To date, 17 genes causing BBS have been identified. Two of these BBS1 and BBS10 are the most frequently mutated genes. The present report describes two consanguineous families (A, B) with clinical manifestations of BBS. Linkage in the family A was established to ARL6 on chromosome 3q11.2, while family B showed linkage to BBS10 on chromosome 12q21.2. Sequence analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.281T>C, p.Ile94Thr) in the gene ARL6 in family A and a nonsense mutation (c.1075C>T, p.Gln359*) in the gene BBS10 in family B. Mutations identified in the present study extend the body of evidence implicating the genes ARL6 and BBS10 in causing Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saadullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Ashkinadze E, Rosen T, Brooks SS, Katsanis N, Davis EE. Combining fetal sonography with genetic and allele pathogenicity studies to secure a neonatal diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Clin Genet 2012; 83:553-9. [PMID: 22998390 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare pediatric ciliopathy characterized by marked clinical variability and extensive genetic heterogeneity. Typical diagnosis of BBS is secured at a median of 9 years of age, and sometimes well into adolescence. Here, we report a patient in whom prenatal detection of increased nuchal fold, enlarged echogenic kidneys, and polydactyly prompted us to screen the most commonly mutated genes in BBS and the phenotypically and genetically overlapping ciliopathy, Meckel-Gruber syndrome (MKS). We identified the common Met390Arg mutation in BBS1 in compound heterozygosity with a novel intronic variant of unknown significance (VUS). Testing of mRNA harvested from primary foreskin fibroblasts obtained shortly after birth revealed the VUS to induce a cryptic splice site, which in turn led to a premature termination and mRNA degradation. To our knowledge, this is the earliest diagnosis of BBS in the absence of other affected individuals in the family, and exemplifies how combining clinical assessment with genetic and timely assays of variant pathogenicity can inform clinical diagnosis and assist with patient management in the prenatal and neonatal setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Ashkinadze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
94
|
Cardenas-Rodriguez M, Osborn DPS, Irigoín F, Graña M, Romero H, Beales PL, Badano JL. Characterization of CCDC28B reveals its role in ciliogenesis and provides insight to understand its modifier effect on Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Hum Genet 2012; 132:91-105. [PMID: 23015189 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that is generally inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. However, in some families, trans mutant alleles interact with the primary causal locus to modulate the penetrance and/or the expressivity of the phenotype. CCDC28B (MGC1203) was identified as a second site modifier of BBS encoding a protein of unknown function. Here we report the first functional characterization of this protein and show it affects ciliogenesis both in cultured cells and in vivo in zebrafish. Consistent with this biological role, our in silico analysis shows that the presence of CCDC28B homologous sequences is restricted to ciliated metazoa. Depletion of Ccdc28b in zebrafish results in defective ciliogenesis and consequently causes a number of phenotypes that are characteristic of BBS and other ciliopathy mutants including hydrocephalus, left-right axis determination defects and renal function impairment. Thus, this work reports CCDC28B as a novel protein involved in the process of ciliogenesis whilst providing functional insight into the cellular basis of its modifier effect in BBS patients.
Collapse
|
95
|
Mizuno N, Taschner M, Engel BD, Lorentzen E. Structural studies of ciliary components. J Mol Biol 2012; 422:163-80. [PMID: 22683354 PMCID: PMC3426769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are organelles found on most eukaryotic cells, where they serve important functions in motility, sensory reception, and signaling. Recent advances in electron tomography have facilitated a number of ultrastructural studies of ciliary components that have significantly improved our knowledge of cilium architecture. These studies have produced nanometer-resolution structures of axonemal dynein complexes, microtubule doublets and triplets, basal bodies, radial spokes, and nexin complexes. In addition to these electron tomography studies, several recently published crystal structures provide insights into the architecture and mechanism of dynein as well as the centriolar protein SAS-6, important for establishing the 9-fold symmetry of centrioles. Ciliary assembly requires intraflagellar transport (IFT), a process that moves macromolecules between the tip of the cilium and the cell body. IFT relies on a large 20-subunit protein complex that is thought to mediate the contacts between ciliary motor and cargo proteins. Structural investigations of IFT complexes are starting to emerge, including the first three-dimensional models of IFT material in situ, revealing how IFT particles organize into larger train-like arrays, and the high-resolution structure of the IFT25/27 subcomplex. In this review, we cover recent advances in the structural and mechanistic understanding of ciliary components and IFT complexes.
Collapse
Key Words
- 2d, two‐dimensional
- 3d, three‐dimensional
- dic, differential interference contrast
- drc, dynein regulatory complex
- em, electron microscopy
- et, electron tomography
- ida, inner dynein arm
- ift, intraflagellar transport
- mt, microtubule
- mtbd, microtubule binding domain
- oda, outer dynein arm
- rs, radial spoke
- rsp, radial spoke protein
- cilium
- intraflagellar transport
- electron tomography
- ift complex
- flagellum
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Mizuno
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Taschner
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Engel
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, Crohn Disease, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis, and Autoantibody Positive Thyroiditis: A Case Report and A Review of a Cohort of BBS Patients. Case Rep Med 2012; 2012:209827. [PMID: 22927860 PMCID: PMC3426198 DOI: 10.1155/2012/209827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedel syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive, genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy. Although the disease has been described in a patient with psoriasis, individuals with BBS are not known to be at risk of developing autoimmune disorders. Our objective was to describe a 14-year-old patient with BBS who presented with Crohn disease (CD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and thyroiditis in the context of a cohort review at Sainte-Justine Hospital and to alert clinicians to the increased risk of autoimmune disorders in these patients. The cohort contained fifteen patients (9 boys), followed from 1968 to 2009 during a median period of 12 years (range 9 months–26 years). Three of the 15 patients (20%) developed a chronic autoimmune disease: one had juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; a second one had type 1 diabetes mellitus in association with Hashimoto thyroiditis and psoriasis; a third one developed CD, PSC, and Hashimoto thyroiditis. As chronic autoimmune diseases occurred in 20% of our cohort of children with BBS, it is appropriate to keep this association in mind during the followup.
Collapse
|
97
|
Murine gut microbiota is defined by host genetics and modulates variation of metabolic traits. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39191. [PMID: 22723961 PMCID: PMC3377628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex and diverse microbiota that has an important role in host metabolism. Microbial diversity is influenced by a combination of environmental and host genetic factors and is associated with several polygenic diseases. In this study we combined next-generation sequencing, genetic mapping, and a set of physiological traits of the BXD mouse population to explore genetic factors that explain differences in gut microbiota and its impact on metabolic traits. Molecular profiling of the gut microbiota revealed important quantitative differences in microbial composition among BXD strains. These differences in gut microbial composition are influenced by host-genetics, which is complex and involves many loci. Linkage analysis defined Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) restricted to a particular taxon, branch or that influenced the variation of taxa across phyla. Gene expression within the gastrointestinal tract and sequence analysis of the parental genomes in the QTL regions uncovered candidate genes with potential to alter gut immunological profiles and impact the balance between gut microbial communities. A QTL region on Chr 4 that overlaps several interferon genes modulates the population of Bacteroides, and potentially Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes–the predominant BXD gut phyla. Irak4, a signaling molecule in the Toll-like receptor pathways is a candidate for the QTL on Chr15 that modulates Rikenellaceae, whereas Tgfb3, a cytokine modulating the barrier function of the intestine and tolerance to commensal bacteria, overlaps a QTL on Chr 12 that influence Prevotellaceae. Relationships between gut microflora, morphological and metabolic traits were uncovered, some potentially a result of common genetic sources of variation.
Collapse
|
98
|
Davis EE, Katsanis N. The ciliopathies: a transitional model into systems biology of human genetic disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2012; 22:290-303. [PMID: 22632799 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an explosion in the identification of genes, mutations in which appear sufficient to cause clinical phenotypes in humans. This is especially true for disorders of ciliary dysfunction in which an excess of 50 causal loci are now known; this discovery was driven partly by an improved understanding of the protein composition of the cilium and the co-occurrence of clinical phenotypes associated with ciliary dysfunction. Despite this progress, the fundamental challenge of predicting phenotype and or clinical progression based on single locus information remains unsolved. Here, we explore how the combinatorial knowledge of allele quality and quantity, an improved understanding of the biological composition of the primary cilium, and the expanded appreciation of the subcellular roles of this organelle can be synthesized to generate improved models that can explain both causality but also variable penetrance and expressivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica E Davis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
99
|
Panizzi JR, Becker-Heck A, Castleman VH, Al-Mutairi D, Liu Y, Loges NT, Pathak N, Austin-Tse C, Sheridan E, Schmidts M, Olbrich H, Werner C, Häffner K, Hellman N, Chodhari R, Gupta A, Kramer-Zucker A, Olale F, Burdine RD, Schier AF, O’Callaghan C, Chung EMK, Reinhardt R, Mitchison HM, King SM, Omran H, Drummond IA. CCDC103 mutations cause primary ciliary dyskinesia by disrupting assembly of ciliary dynein arms. Nat Genet 2012; 44:714-9. [PMID: 22581229 PMCID: PMC3371652 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cilia are essential for fertilization, respiratory clearance, cerebrospinal fluid circulation and establishing laterality. Cilia motility defects cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD, MIM244400), a disorder affecting 1:15,000-30,000 births. Cilia motility requires the assembly of multisubunit dynein arms that drive ciliary bending. Despite progress in understanding the genetic basis of PCD, mutations remain to be identified for several PCD-linked loci. Here we show that the zebrafish cilia paralysis mutant schmalhans (smh(tn222)) encodes the coiled-coil domain containing 103 protein (Ccdc103), a foxj1a-regulated gene product. Screening 146 unrelated PCD families identified individuals in six families with reduced outer dynein arms who carried mutations in CCDC103. Dynein arm assembly in smh mutant zebrafish was rescued by wild-type but not mutant human CCDC103. Chlamydomonas Ccdc103/Pr46b functions as a tightly bound, axoneme-associated protein. These results identify Ccdc103 as a dynein arm attachment factor that causes primary ciliary dyskinesia when mutated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R. Panizzi
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Becker-Heck
- University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin -Allgemeine Paediatrie-, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Victoria H. Castleman
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Dalal Al-Mutairi
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Yan Liu
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Niki T. Loges
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin -Allgemeine Paediatrie-, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Narendra Pathak
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eamonn Sheridan
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Heike Olbrich
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin -Allgemeine Paediatrie-, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Claudius Werner
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin -Allgemeine Paediatrie-, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Nathan Hellman
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rahul Chodhari
- General and Adolescent Paediatrics Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Amar Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Felix Olale
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca D. Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alexander F. Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher O’Callaghan
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, England
| | - Eddie MK Chung
- General and Adolescent Paediatrics Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Richard Reinhardt
- Genome Centre Cologne at MPI for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Hannah M. Mitchison
- Molecular Medicine Unit, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Genome Centre Cologne at MPI for Plant Breeding Research, Köln, Germany
| | - Stephen M. King
- Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Klinik und Poliklinik fuer Kinder- und Jugendmedizin -Allgemeine Paediatrie-, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
De l’intérêt de partenariats autour du bassin méditerranéen pour les maladies rares. Presse Med 2012; 41 Suppl 1:S51-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|