51
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Gomez Marti JL, Brufsky AM. Considerations of the effects of commonly investigated drugs for COVID-19 in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:947-952. [PMID: 33703986 PMCID: PMC7967711 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1897104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Gomez Marti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam M. Brufsky
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center Magee Women’s Hospital Suite 4628,Pittsburgh, PAUSA
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52
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Aksentijevich I, Schnappauf O. Molecular mechanisms of phenotypic variability in monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:405-425. [PMID: 34035534 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of rheumatologic disorders caused by dysregulation in the innate immune system. The molecular mechanisms of these disorders are linked to defects in inflammasome-mediated, NF-κB-mediated or interferon-mediated inflammatory signalling pathways, cytokine receptors, the actin cytoskeleton, proteasome complexes and various enzymes. As with other human disorders, disease-causing variants in a single gene can present with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. In some cases, pathogenic variants in the same gene can be inherited either in a recessive or dominant manner and can cause distinct and seemingly unrelated phenotypes, although they have a unifying biochemical mechanism. With an enhanced understanding of protein structure and functionality of protein domains, genotype-phenotype correlations are beginning to be unravelled. Many of the mutated proteins are primarily expressed in haematopoietic cells, and their malfunction leads to systemic inflammation. Disease presentation is also defined by a specific effect of the mutant protein in a particular cell type and, therefore, the resulting phenotype might be more deleterious in one tissue than in another. Many patients present with the expanded immunological disease continuum that includes autoinflammation, immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and atopy, which necessitate genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Oskar Schnappauf
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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53
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Cui H, Soga K, Tamehiro N, Adachi R, Hachisuka A, Hirose A, Kondo K, Nishimaki-Mogami T. Statins repress needle-like carbon nanotube- or cholesterol crystal-stimulated IL-1β production by inhibiting the uptake of crystals by macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114580. [PMID: 33930349 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Statins are 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors that lower atherogenic LDL-cholesterol levels. Statins exert clinically relevant anti-inflammatory effects; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Studies have shown that endogenous and exogenous pathogenic crystals, such as cholesterol and monosodium urate (MSU), and needle-like nanomaterials, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), induce the production of IL-1β and play a critical role in the development of crystal-associated sterile inflammatory pathologies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of statins on crystal-induced IL-1β production in macrophages. We found that various statins, including pitavastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, and lovastatin, but not squalene synthase inhibitor, repressed IL-1β release upon MWCNT stimulation. In addition, IL-1β production induced by cholesterol crystals and MSU crystals, but not by ATP or nigericin, was diminished. MWCNT-stimulated IL-1β release was dependent on the expression of NLRP3, but not AIM2, NLRC4, or MEFV. Statin-induced repression was accompanied by reduced levels of mature caspase-1 and decreased uptake of MWCNT into cells. Supplementation of mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, or farnesyl pyrophosphate prevented the reduction in IL-1β release, suggesting a crucial role of protein prenylation, but not cholesterol synthesis. The statin-induced repression of MWCNT-elicited IL-1β release was observed in THP-1-derived and mouse peritoneal macrophages, but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages where statins act in synergy with lipopolysaccharide to enhance the expression of IL-1β precursor protein. In summary, we describe a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism through which statins repress mature IL-1β release induced by pathogenic crystals and nanoneedles by inhibiting the internalization of crystals by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cui
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Soga
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Adachi
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akiko Hachisuka
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirose
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kondo
- National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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54
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Swan G, Geng J, Park E, Ding Q, Zhou J, Walcott C, Zhang JJ, Huang HI, Hammer GE, Wang D. A Requirement of Protein Geranylgeranylation for Chemokine Receptor Signaling and Th17 Cell Function in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641188. [PMID: 33828552 PMCID: PMC8019753 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Precisely controlled lymphocyte migration is critically required for immune surveillance and successful immune responses. Lymphocyte migration is strictly regulated by chemokines and chemokine receptors. Here we show that protein geranylgeranylation, a form of post-translational protein lipid modification, is required for chemokine receptor-proximal signaling. Mature thymocytes deficient for protein geranylgeranylation are impaired for thymus egress. Circulating mature T cells lacking protein geranylgeranylation fail to home to secondary lymphoid organs or to transmigrate in response to chemokines in vitro. Mechanistically, protein geranylgeranylation modifies the γ-subunits of the heterotrimeric small GTPases that are essential for chemokine receptor signaling. In addition, protein geranylgeranylation also promotes the differentiation of IL-17-producing T helper cells while inhibiting the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Finally, mice with T cell lineage-specific deficiency of protein geranylgeranylation are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction. This study elucidated a critical role of protein geranylgeranylation in regulating T lymphocyte migration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Swan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jia Geng
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eunchong Park
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Quanquan Ding
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - John Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ciana Walcott
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Junyi J. Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gianna Elena Hammer
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Donghai Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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55
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Welzel T, Benseler SM, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB. Management of Monogenic IL-1 Mediated Autoinflammatory Diseases in Childhood. Front Immunol 2021; 12:516427. [PMID: 33868220 PMCID: PMC8044959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.516427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic Interleukin 1 (IL-1) mediated autoinflammatory diseases (AID) are rare, often severe illnesses of the innate immune system associated with constitutively increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Clinical characteristics include recurrent fevers, inflammation of joints, skin, and serous membranes. CNS and eye inflammation can be seen. Characteristically, clinical symptoms are coupled with elevated inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA). Typically, AID affect infants and children, but late-onset and atypical phenotypes are described. An in-depth understanding of autoinflammatory pathways and progress in molecular genetics has expanded the spectrum of AID. Increasing numbers of genetic variants with undetermined pathogenicity, somatic mosaicisms and phenotype variability make the diagnosis of AID challenging. AID should be diagnosed as early as possible to prevent organ damage. The diagnostic approach includes patient/family history, ethnicity, physical examination, specific functional testing and inflammatory markers (SAA, CRP) during, and in between flares. Genetic testing should be performed, when an AID is suspected. The selection of genetic tests is guided by clinical findings. Targeted and rapid treatment is crucial to reduce morbidity, mortality and psychosocial burden after an AID diagnosis. Management includes effective treat-to-target therapy and standardized, partnered monitoring of disease activity (e.g., AIDAI), organ damage (e.g., ADDI), patient/physician global assessment and health related quality of life. Optimal AID care in childhood mandates an interdisciplinary team approach. This review will summarize the current evidence of diagnosing and managing children with common monogenic IL-1 mediated AID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Welzel
- Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen (arcT) and Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne M Benseler
- Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital (ACH), ACH Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jasmin B Kuemmerle-Deschner
- Autoinflammation Reference Center Tuebingen (arcT) and Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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56
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Nigrovic PA, Lee PY, Hoffman HM. Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders: Conceptual overview, phenotype, and clinical approach. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 146:925-937. [PMID: 33160483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases are conditions in which pathogenic inflammation arises primarily through antigen-independent hyperactivation of immune pathways. First recognized just over 2 decades ago, the autoinflammatory disease spectrum has expanded rapidly to include more than 40 distinct monogenic conditions. Related mechanisms contribute to common conditions such as gout and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the basic concepts underlying the "autoinflammatory revolution" in the understanding of immune-mediated disease and introduce major categories of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders recognized to date, including inflammasomopathies and other IL-1-related conditions, interferonopathies, and disorders of nuclear factor kappa B and/or aberrant TNF activity. We highlight phenotypic presentation as a reflection of pathogenesis and outline a practical approach to the evaluation of patients with suspected autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Mass; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, Mass; Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Hal M Hoffman
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Rady Children's Hospital and University of California at San Diego, San Diego, Calif
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57
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Tan J, Ni D, Ribeiro RV, Pinget GV, Macia L. How Changes in the Nutritional Landscape Shape Gut Immunometabolism. Nutrients 2021; 13:823. [PMID: 33801480 PMCID: PMC7999246 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival, proliferation and function are energy-demanding processes, fuelled by different metabolic pathways. Immune cells like any other cells will adapt their energy production to their function with specific metabolic pathways characteristic of resting, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory cells. This concept of immunometabolism is revolutionising the field of immunology, opening the gates for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at altering immune responses through immune metabolic manipulations. The first part of this review will give an extensive overview on the metabolic pathways used by immune cells. Diet is a major source of energy, providing substrates to fuel these different metabolic pathways. Protein, lipid and carbohydrate composition as well as food additives can thus shape the immune response particularly in the gut, the first immune point of contact with food antigens and gastrointestinal tract pathogens. How diet composition might affect gut immunometabolism and its impact on diseases will also be discussed. Finally, the food ingested by the host is also a source of energy for the micro-organisms inhabiting the gut lumen particularly in the colon. The by-products released through the processing of specific nutrients by gut bacteria also influence immune cell activity and differentiation. How bacterial metabolites influence gut immunometabolism will be covered in the third part of this review. This notion of immunometabolism and immune function is recent and a deeper understanding of how lifestyle might influence gut immunometabolism is key to prevent or treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tan
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rosilene V. Ribeiro
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Gabriela V. Pinget
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (D.N.); (R.V.R.); (G.V.P.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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58
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Alatshan A, Benkő S. Nuclear Receptors as Multiple Regulators of NLRP3 Inflammasome Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:630569. [PMID: 33717162 PMCID: PMC7952630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.630569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are important bridges between lipid signaling molecules and transcription responses. Beside their role in several developmental and physiological processes, many of these receptors have been shown to regulate and determine the fate of immune cells, and the outcome of immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions. While NLRP3 inflammasome is assumed as key regulator for innate and adaptive immune responses, and has been associated with various pathological events, the precise impact of the nuclear receptors on the function of inflammasome is hardly investigated. A wide variety of factors and conditions have been identified as modulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and at the same time, many of the nuclear receptors are known to regulate, and interact with these factors, including cellular metabolism and various signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors are in the focus of many researches, as these receptors are easy to manipulate by lipid soluble molecules. Importantly, nuclear receptors mediate regulatory mechanisms at multiple levels: not only at transcription level, but also in the cytosol via non-genomic effects. Their importance is also reflected by the numerous approved drugs that have been developed in the past decade to specifically target nuclear receptors subtypes. Researches aiming to delineate mechanisms that regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation draw a wide range of attention due to their unquestionable importance in infectious and sterile inflammatory conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of current reports and knowledge about NLRP3 inflammasome regulation from the perspective of nuclear receptors, in order to bring new insight to the potentially therapeutic aspect in targeting NLRP3 inflammasome and NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alatshan
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Benkő
- Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cellular and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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59
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Hao Z, Lian N, Gu H, Chen M. The diagnostic significance of PGGT1B in psoriasis. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14854. [PMID: 33548109 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disorder driven by a complex cascade of inflammatory mediators. The present study focused on the potential clinical significance of PGGT1B in psoriasis development. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 81 psoriasis patients and 84 healthy controls, and the expression levels of PGGT1B in PBMCs were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between the level of PGGT1B in PBMCs and psoriasis severity. Also, we analyzed the potential significance of PGGT1B in psoriasis diagnosis. Finally, patients with psoriasis were divided into progressive and stable stage groups, and the differential expression of PGGT1B, TNF-α, IL-17, and IFN-γ between different phases were analyzed. PGGT1B was dramatically decreased in the psoriasis patients' PBMCs and negatively correlated with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Moreover, receiver operating characteristics analysis showed the potential of differentially expressed PGGT1B in terms of distinguishing psoriasis patients from healthy controls. Finally, compared to the patients in the stable phase, PGGT1B was markedly reduced in patients' PBMCs in the progressive stage, while proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-17 were notably increased. PGGT1B was downregulated in psoriasis patients' PBMCs and may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Hao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ni Lian
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Gu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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60
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Gomez Marti JL, Wells A, Brufsky AM. Dysregulation of the mevalonate pathway during SARS-CoV-2 infection: An in silico study. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2396-2405. [PMID: 33331649 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 triggers a dysregulated innate immune system activation. As the mevalonate pathway (MVP) prevents the activation of inflammasomes and cytokine release and regulates endosomal transport, compromised signaling could be associated with the pathobiology of COVID-19. Prior transcriptomic studies of host cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection have not reported to date the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the MVP. In this study, we accessed public data sets to report in silico investigations into gene expression. In addition, we proposed candidate genes that are thought to have a direct association with the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and which may be dependent on signals derived from the MVP. Our results revealed dysregulation of genes involved in the MVP. These results were not found when investigating the gene expression data from host cells infected with H3N2 influenza virus, H1N1 influenza virus, or respiratory syncytial virus. Our manually curated gene set showed significant gene expression variability in A549 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, as per Blanco-Melo et al. data set (GSE147507). In light of the present findings, SARS-CoV-2 could hijack the MVP, leading to hyperinflammatory responses. Prompt reconstitution of this pathway with available agents should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Gomez Marti
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Pittsburgh VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam M Brufsky
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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61
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Lu XJ, Deng Q, Thompson KD. Editorial: The Function of Phagocytes in Non-Mammals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:628847. [PMID: 33362804 PMCID: PMC7759483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.628847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Kim Dawn Thompson
- Aquaculture Research Group, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
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62
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Kopecka J, Godel M, Riganti C. Cholesterol metabolism: At the cross road between cancer cells and immune environment. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 129:105876. [PMID: 33166677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate pathway is a highly conserved pathway that produces isoprenoids and cholesterol, and it is often increased in cancer cells. Cholesterol, upstream metabolites including isoprenoids and cholesterol derivatives such as oxysterols modulate cell proliferation, motility, stemness and drug resistance. Moreover, when produced by cancer cells or immune infiltrating cells, they modulate the activity of immune populations of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will focus on the recent findings demonstrating that cholesterol derivatives may regulate tumor immune recognition or immune escape, playing a critical role in the immune surveillance. Since the mevalonate pathway is druggable, a deeper knowledge of the metabolic cross talks existing between the mevalonate pathway of cancer cells and immune cells may help to identify novel agents targeting cholesterol metabolism, able to boost the anti-tumor activity of the immune populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Godel
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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63
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Minetti G. Mevalonate pathway, selenoproteins, redox balance, immune system, Covid-19: Reasoning about connections. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110128. [PMID: 32758903 PMCID: PMC7373006 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that a degraded immune system is (one of) the condition(s) that predispose certain subjects to fatal consequences from infection by SARS-CoV-2. It is unknown whether therapeutic regimens to which these patients may have been subjected to in the months/years preceding the infection could be immunocompromising. Statins are among the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs. As competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA-reductase, the key enzyme of the "mevalonate pathway" through which essential compounds, not only cholesterol, are synthesized, statins decrease the levels of cholesterol, and thus LDLs, as an innate defense mechanism, with controversial results in decreasing mortality from cardiovascular disease. Moreover, statins have pleiotropic, mostly deleterious effects on many cell types, including immune cells. In the attempt to decipher the enigma of SARS-CoV-2 infectivology, the hypothesis should be tested whether the population of subjects who succumbed to Covid-19 may have developed a compromised immunity at sub-clinical levels and have become more susceptible to fatal consequences from SARS-Cov-2 infection due to statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Minetti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Laboratories of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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64
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Sharma D, Malik A, Balakrishnan A, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. RIPK3 Promotes Mefv Expression and Pyrin Inflammasome Activation via Modulation of mTOR Signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2778-2785. [PMID: 32989095 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin in humans, are associated with the autoinflammatory disorder familial Mediterranean fever. Pyrin is an innate sensor that assembles into an inflammasome complex in response to Rho-modifying toxins, including Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. Cell death pathways have been shown to intersect with and modulate inflammasome activation, thereby affecting host defense. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages and a murine model of peritonitis, we show in this study that receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 3 impacts pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis. RIPK3 was instead required for transcriptional upregulation of Mefv through negative control of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and independent of alterations in MAPK and NF-κB signaling. RIPK3 did not affect pyrin dephosphorylation associated with inflammasome activation. We further demonstrate that inhibition of mTOR was sufficient to promote Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation, highlighting the cross-talk between the mTOR pathway and regulation of the pyrin inflammasome. Our study reveals a novel interaction between molecules involved in cell death and the mTOR pathway to regulate the pyrin inflammasome, which can be harnessed for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Ankit Malik
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
| | - Arjun Balakrishnan
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
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65
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Devi S, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. An Update on CARD Only Proteins (COPs) and PYD Only Proteins (POPs) as Inflammasome Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6901. [PMID: 32962268 PMCID: PMC7555848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein scaffolds required for the activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and danger signals, as well as the induction of pyroptotic cell death to restore homeostasis following infection and sterile tissue damage. However, excessive inflammasome activation also causes detrimental inflammatory disease. Therefore, extensive control mechanisms are necessary to prevent improper inflammasome responses and inflammatory disease. Inflammasomes are assembled by sequential nucleated polymerization of Pyrin domain (PYD) and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing inflammasome components. Once polymerization is nucleated, this process proceeds in a self-perpetuating manner and represents a point of no return. Therefore, regulation of this key step is crucial for a controlled inflammasome response. Here, we provide an update on two single domain protein families containing either a PYD or a CARD, the PYD-only proteins (POPs) and CARD-only proteins (COPs), respectively. Their structure allows them to occupy and block access to key protein-protein interaction domains necessary for inflammasome assembly, thereby regulating the threshold of these nucleated polymerization events, and consequently, the inflammatory host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Devi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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66
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Du X, Zeng H, Liu S, Guy C, Dhungana Y, Neale G, Bergo MO, Chi H. Mevalonate metabolism-dependent protein geranylgeranylation regulates thymocyte egress. J Exp Med 2020; 217:jem.20190969. [PMID: 31722972 PMCID: PMC7041713 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte egress is a critical determinant of T cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity. Du et al. describe unexpected roles of mevalonate metabolism–fueled protein geranylgeranylation, but not farnesylation, in driving thymocyte egress through modulating Cdc42 and Pak activities. Thymocyte egress is a critical determinant of T cell homeostasis and adaptive immunity. Despite the roles of G protein–coupled receptors in thymocyte emigration, the downstream signaling mechanism remains poorly defined. Here, we report the discrete roles for the two branches of mevalonate metabolism–fueled protein prenylation pathway in thymocyte egress and immune homeostasis. The protein geranylgeranyltransferase Pggt1b is up-regulated in single-positive thymocytes, and loss of Pggt1b leads to marked defects in thymocyte egress and T cell lymphopenia in peripheral lymphoid organs in vivo. Mechanistically, Pggt1b bridges sphingosine-1-phosphate and chemokine-induced migratory signals with the activation of Cdc42 and Pak signaling and mevalonate-dependent thymocyte trafficking. In contrast, the farnesyltransferase Fntb, which mediates a biochemically similar process of protein farnesylation, is dispensable for thymocyte egress but contributes to peripheral T cell homeostasis. Collectively, our studies establish context-dependent effects of protein prenylation and unique roles of geranylgeranylation in thymic egress and highlight that the interplay between cellular metabolism and posttranslational modification underlies immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Du
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hu Zeng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shaofeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Yogesh Dhungana
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Geoffrey Neale
- Hartwell Center for Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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67
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Alehashemi S, Goldbach-Mansky R. Human Autoinflammatory Diseases Mediated by NLRP3-, Pyrin-, NLRP1-, and NLRC4-Inflammasome Dysregulation Updates on Diagnosis, Treatment, and the Respective Roles of IL-1 and IL-18. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1840. [PMID: 32983099 PMCID: PMC7477077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has led to novel findings in inflammasome biology and genetics that altered the diagnosis and management of patients with autoinflammatory syndromes caused by NLRP3-, Pyrin-, NLRP1-, and NLRC4-inflammasomes and spurred the development of novel treatments. The use of next-generation sequencing in clinical practice allows for rapid diagnosis and the detection of somatic mutations that cause autoinflammatory diseases. Clinical differences in patients with NLRP3, pyrin, and NLRP1 inflammasomopathies, and the constitutive elevation of unbound free serum IL-18 that predisposes to the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients with gain-of function mutations in NLRC4 led to the screening and the characterization of novel diseases presenting with constitutively elevated serum IL-18 levels, and start to unravel the biology of "high IL-18 states" that translate into the use of biomarkers that improve diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity and investigations of treatments that target IL-18 and IFN-gamma which promise to improve the management and outcome of these conditions. Lastly, advances in structural modeling by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) of gasdermin, and of NLRP3- and NLRC4-inflammasome assembly, and the characterization of post-translational modifications (PTM) that regulate inflammasome activation, coupled with high-throughput screening (HTS) of libraries of inflammasome-inhibiting compounds, promise a new generation of treatments for patients with inflammasome-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alehashemi
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section (TADS), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section (TADS), Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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68
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Mollaei M, Abbasi A, Hassan ZM, Pakravan N. The intrinsic and extrinsic elements regulating inflammation. Life Sci 2020; 260:118258. [PMID: 32818542 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a sophisticated biological tissue response to both extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli. Although the pathological aspects of inflammation are well appreciated, there are still rooms for understanding the physiological functions of the inflammation. Recent studies have focused on mechanisms, context and the role of physiological inflammation. Besides, there have been progress in the comprehension of commensal microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer and intracellular signaling events' roles that impact on the regulation of inflammation. Despite the fact that inflammatory responses are vital through tissue damage, understanding the mechanisms to turn off the finished or unnecessary inflammation is crucial for restoring homeostasis. Inflammation seems to be a smart process that acts like two edges of a sword, meaning that it has both protective and deleterious consequences. Knowing both edges and the regulation processes will help the future understanding and therapy for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mollaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - A Abbasi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Z M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - N Pakravan
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Iran
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69
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Ter Haar NM, Jansen MHA, Frenkel JF, Vastert SJ. How autoinflammation may turn into autoimmune inflammation: Insights from monogenetic and complex IL-1 mediated auto-inflammatory diseases. Clin Immunol 2020; 219:108538. [PMID: 32681980 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 mediated auto-inflammatory diseases are characterised by episodes of unexplained fever, generalized and localized inflammation. The characteristic symptoms predominantly result from exaggerated activation of innate immune pathways. However, in some patients with typical IL-1 mediated diseases, chronic disease manifestations develop in the absence of acute inflammation, suggesting the involvement of adaptive immune pathways. We discuss clinical observations as well as novel insights in how chronic activation of innate immune pathways can lead to auto-immune disease features in patients with auto-inflammatory diseases and how we need to better understand these sequelae in order to improve treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Ter Haar
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M H A Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J F Frenkel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S J Vastert
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Translational Immunology (CTI), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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70
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Bibby JA, Purvis HA, Hayday T, Chandra A, Okkenhaug K, Rosenzweig S, Aksentijevich I, Wood M, Lachmann HJ, Kemper C, Cope AP, Perucha E. Cholesterol metabolism drives regulatory B cell IL-10 through provision of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3412. [PMID: 32641742 PMCID: PMC7343868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells restrict immune and inflammatory responses across a number of contexts. This capacity is mediated primarily through the production of IL-10. Here we demonstrate that the induction of a regulatory program in human B cells is dependent on a metabolic priming event driven by cholesterol metabolism. Synthesis of the metabolic intermediate geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) is required to specifically drive IL-10 production, and to attenuate Th1 responses. Furthermore, GGPP-dependent protein modifications control signaling through PI3Kδ-AKT-GSK3, which in turn promote BLIMP1-dependent IL-10 production. Inherited gene mutations in cholesterol metabolism result in a severe autoinflammatory syndrome termed mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD). Consistent with our findings, B cells from MKD patients induce poor IL-10 responses and are functionally impaired. Moreover, metabolic supplementation with GGPP is able to reverse this defect. Collectively, our data define cholesterol metabolism as an integral metabolic pathway for the optimal functioning of human IL-10 producing regulatory B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Bibby
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Harriet A Purvis
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Thomas Hayday
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anita Chandra
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Klaus Okkenhaug
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Sofia Rosenzweig
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael Wood
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London and Royal Free Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London and Royal Free Hospital London NHS Foundation Trust, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.,Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Esperanza Perucha
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK. .,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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71
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Strianese O, Rizzo F, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, D’Agostino Y, Salvati A, Del Giudice C, Tesorio P, Rusciano MR. Precision and Personalized Medicine: How Genomic Approach Improves the Management of Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Disease. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E747. [PMID: 32640513 PMCID: PMC7397223 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has gradually grown over the last century. This has deeply affected healthcare costs, since the growth of an aging population is correlated to the increasing burden of chronic diseases. This represents the interesting challenge of how to manage patients with chronic diseases in order to improve health care budgets. Effective primary prevention could represent a promising route. To this end, precision, together with personalized medicine, are useful instruments in order to investigate pathological processes before the appearance of clinical symptoms and to guide physicians to choose a targeted therapy to manage the patient. Cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases represent suitable models for taking full advantage of precision medicine technologies applied to all stages of disease development. The availability of high technology incorporating artificial intelligence and advancement progress made in the field of biomedical research have been substantial to understand how genes, epigenetic modifications, aging, nutrition, drugs, microbiome and other environmental factors can impact health and chronic disorders. The aim of the present review is to address how precision and personalized medicine can bring greater clarity to the clinical and biological complexity of these types of disorders associated with high mortality, involving tremendous health care costs, by describing in detail the methods that can be applied. This might offer precious tools for preventive strategies and possible clues on the evolution of the disease and could help in predicting morbidity, mortality and detecting chronic disease indicators much earlier in the disease course. This, of course, will have a major effect on both improving the quality of care and quality of life of the patients and reducing time efforts and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Strianese
- Clinical Research and Innovation, Clinica Montevergine S.p.A., 83013 Mercogliano, Italy; (O.S.); (C.D.G.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (F.R.); (Y.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (F.R.); (Y.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Ylenia D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (F.R.); (Y.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (F.R.); (Y.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Carmine Del Giudice
- Clinical Research and Innovation, Clinica Montevergine S.p.A., 83013 Mercogliano, Italy; (O.S.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Paola Tesorio
- Unit of Cardiology, Clinica Montevergine S.p.A., 83013 Mercogliano, Italy;
| | - Maria Rosaria Rusciano
- Clinical Research and Innovation, Clinica Montevergine S.p.A., 83013 Mercogliano, Italy; (O.S.); (C.D.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy; (M.C.); (G.G.)
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72
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Van Gorp H, Huang L, Saavedra P, Vuylsteke M, Asaoka T, Prencipe G, Insalaco A, Ogunjimi B, Jeyaratnam J, Cataldo I, Jacques P, Vermaelen K, Dullaers M, Joos R, Sabato V, Stella A, Frenkel J, De Benedetti F, Dehoorne J, Haerynck F, Calamita G, Portincasa P, Lamkanfi M. Blood-based test for diagnosis and functional subtyping of familial Mediterranean fever. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:960-968. [PMID: 32312770 PMCID: PMC7307214 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common monogenic autoinflammatory disease (AID) worldwide. The disease is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene encoding the inflammasome sensor Pyrin. Clinical diagnosis of FMF is complicated by overlap in symptoms with other diseases, and interpretation of genetic testing is confounded by the lack of a clear genotype-phenotype association for most of the 340 reported MEFV variants. In this study, the authors designed a functional assay and evaluated its potential in supporting FMF diagnosis. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients with Pyrin-associated autoinflammation with an FMF phenotype (n=43) or with autoinflammatory features not compatible with FMF (n=8), 10 asymptomatic carriers and 48 healthy donors. Sera were obtained from patients with distinct AIDs (n=10), and whole blood from a subset of patients and controls. The clinical, demographic, molecular genetic factors and other characteristics of the patient population were assessed for their impact on the diagnostic test read-out. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were measured by Luminex assay. RESULTS The ex vivo colchicine assay may be performed on whole blood or PBMC. The functional assay robustly segregated patients with FMF from healthy controls and patients with related clinical disorders. The diagnostic test distinguished patients with classical FMF mutations (M694V, M694I, M680I, R761H) from patients with other MEFV mutations and variants (K695R, P369S, R202Q, E148Q) that are considered benign or of uncertain clinical significance. CONCLUSION The ex vivo colchicine assay may support diagnosis of FMF and functional subtyping of Pyrin-associated autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Linyan Huang
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pedro Saavedra
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Tomoko Asaoka
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giusi Prencipe
- Rheumatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research & Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Antwerp Hospital Network, Berchem, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Brussel, Jette, Belgium
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jerold Jeyaratnam
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Cataldo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Peggy Jacques
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Karim Vermaelen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Dullaers
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Rik Joos
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vito Sabato
- Antwerp centre for paediatric rheumatology and auto-inflammatory diseases, Antwerp Hospital Network and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Immunology-Allergology-Rheumatology, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Joost Frenkel
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Joke Dehoorne
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Filomeen Haerynck
- Clinical Immunology Research Lab, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Pulmonology, Centre for Primary Immunodeficiency Ghent, Jeffrey Modell Diagnosis and Research Centre, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A Murri", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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73
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Chua NK, Coates HW, Brown AJ. Squalene monooxygenase: a journey to the heart of cholesterol synthesis. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101033. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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74
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Georgin-Lavialle S, Ducharme-Benard S, Sarrabay G, Savey L, Grateau G, Hentgen V. Systemic autoinflammatory diseases: Clinical state of the art. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2020; 34:101529. [PMID: 32546426 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2020.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are defined as disorders of innate immunity. They were initially defined in opposition to autoimmune diseases due to the lack of involvement of the adaptive immune system and circulating autoantibodies. The four historical monogenic diseases are familial Mediterranean fever (associated with MEFV mutations), cryopyrinopathies (NLRP3 mutations), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TNFRSF1A mutations), and mevalonate kinase deficiency (MVK mutations). In the last 10 years, more than 50 new monogenic SAIDs have been discovered thanks to advances in genetics. Diagnosis is largely based on personal and family history and detailed analysis of signs and symptoms associated with febrile attacks, in the setting of elevated inflammatory markers. Increasingly efficient techniques of genetic analysis can contribute to refining the diagnosis. This review is a guide for the clinician in suspecting and establishing a diagnosis of SAID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), France.
| | - Stéphanie Ducharme-Benard
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Guillaume Sarrabay
- CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, Laboratory of Rare and Autoinflammatory Genetic Diseases and CEREMAIA, Montpellier, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), France.
| | - Léa Savey
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), France.
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Sorbonne University, AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), France.
| | - Véronique Hentgen
- Service de pédiatrie générale, CH de Versailles, 177 rue de Versailles, 78150, Le Chesnay Cedex, France; Centre de référence des maladies auto-inflammatoires et des amyloses inflammatoire (CEREMAIA), France.
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75
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Abstract
Autoinflammation leads to inflammation that mostly occurs without any clinically obvious reason. It can be so severe that organ damage with relevant tissue damage occurs. Inflammasomes are the drivers of autoinflammation. Although IL‑1 beta and the inflammasomes as its critical regulators are very important in autoinflammation, not all patients respond to inhibition of this signalling pathway. Several autoinflammatory diseases were associated with mutations in proteasome-immunoproteasome components. Autoinflammatory diseases caused by highly relevant genetic variants are mostly hereditary. Usually in childhood but not always. The coming years will show whether inflammatory dermatoses will be increasingly treated with suppression of the innate immune system in addition to inhibition of adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Feldmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - A A Navarini
- Dermatologie & Allergologie, Departmente Biomedizin, Biomedical Engineering & Klinische Forschung, Universitätsspital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Schweiz.
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Paez PA, Kolawole M, Taruselli MT, Ajith S, Dailey JM, Kee SA, Haque TT, Barnstein BO, McLeod JJA, Caslin HL, Kiwanuka KN, Fukuoka Y, Le QT, Schwartz LB, Straus DB, Gewirtz DA, Martin RK, Ryan JJ. Fluvastatin Induces Apoptosis in Primary and Transformed Mast Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:104-112. [PMID: 32434944 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin drugs are widely employed in the clinic to reduce serum cholesterol. Because of their hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase antagonism, statins also reduce isoprenyl lipids necessary for the membrane anchorage and signaling of small G-proteins in the Ras superfamily. We previously found that statins suppress immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mast cell activation, suggesting these drugs might be useful in treating allergic disease. Although IgE-induced function is critical to allergic inflammation, mast cell proliferation and survival also impact atopic disease and mast cell neoplasia. In this study, we describe fluvastatin-mediated apoptosis in primary and transformed mast cells. An IC50 was achieved between 0.8 and 3.5 μM in both cell types, concentrations similar to the reported fluvastatin serum Cmax value. Apoptosis was correlated with reduced stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated signal transduction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase activation. Complementing these data, we found that p53 deficiency or Bcl-2 overexpression reduced fluvastatin-induced apoptosis. We also noted evidence of cytoprotective autophagy in primary mast cells treated with fluvastatin. Finally, we found that intraperitoneal fluvastatin treatment reduced peritoneal mast cell numbers in vivo These findings offer insight into the mechanisms of mast cell survival and support the possible utility of statins in mast cell-associated allergic and neoplastic diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fluvastatin, a statin drug used to lower cholesterol, induces apoptosis in primary and transformed mast cells by antagonizing protein isoprenylation, effectively inhibiting stem cell factor (SCF)-induced survival signals. This drug may be an effective means of suppressing mast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Paez
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Motunrayo Kolawole
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Siddarth Ajith
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jordan M Dailey
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sydney A Kee
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jamie Josephine Avila McLeod
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kasalina N Kiwanuka
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yoshihiro Fukuoka
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Quang T Le
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Lawrence B Schwartz
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David B Straus
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Rebecca K Martin
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John J Ryan
- Departments of Biology (P.A.P., E.M.K., M.T.T., S.A., J.M.D., S.A.K., T.T.H., B.O.B., J.J.A.M., H.L.C., K.N.K., Y.F., D. B.S., J.J.R.), Internal Medicine (Q.T.L., L.B.S.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.A.G.), and Microbiology and Immunology (R.K.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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77
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Krainer J, Siebenhandl S, Weinhäusel A. Systemic autoinflammatory diseases. J Autoimmun 2020; 109:102421. [PMID: 32019685 PMCID: PMC7610735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs) are a growing group of disorders caused by a dysregulation of the innate immune system leading to episodes of systemic inflammation. In 1997, MEFV was the first gene identified as disease causing for Familial Mediterranean Fever, the most common hereditary SAID. In most cases, autoinflammatory diseases have a strong genetic background with mutations in single genes. Since 1997 more than 30 new genes associated with autoinflammatory diseases have been identified, affecting different parts of the innate immune system. Nevertheless, for at least 40-60% of patients with phenotypes typical for SAIDs, a distinct diagnosis cannot be met, leading to undefined SAIDs (uSAIDs). However, SAIDs can also be of polygenic or multifactorial origin, with environmental influence modulating the phenotype. The implementation of a disease continuum model combining the adaptive and the innate immune system with autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases shows the complexity of SAIDs and the importance of new methods to elucidate molecular changes and causative factors in SAIDs. Diagnosis is often based on clinical presentation and genetic testing. The timeline from onset to diagnosis takes up to 7.3 years, highlighting the indisputable need to identify new treatment and diagnostic targets. Recently, other factors are under investigation as additional contributors to the pathogenesis of SAIDs. This review gives an overview of pathogenesis and etiology of SAIDs, and summarizes recent diagnosis and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Krainer
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sandra Siebenhandl
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, Giefinggasse 4, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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78
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Bekhouche B, Tourville A, Ravichandran Y, Tacine R, Abrami L, Dussiot M, Khau-Dancasius A, Boccara O, Khirat M, Mangeney M, Dingli F, Loew D, Boëda B, Jordan P, Molina TJ, Bellon N, Fraitag S, Hadj-Rabia S, Blanche S, Puel A, Etienne-Manneville S, van der Goot FG, Cherfils J, Hermine O, Casanova JL, Bodemer C, Smahi A, Delon J. A toxic palmitoylation of Cdc42 enhances NF-κB signaling and drives a severe autoinflammatory syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1201-1204.e8. [PMID: 32283203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahia Bekhouche
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Tourville
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Yamini Ravichandran
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Rachida Tacine
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Abrami
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Khau-Dancasius
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Boccara
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses (MAGEC), Necker- Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Khirat
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Mangeney
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Batiste Boëda
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Jordan
- Fédération de Génétique, Service de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Jo Molina
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nathalia Bellon
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses (MAGEC), Necker- Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology, reference centre MAGEC, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Smail Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses (MAGEC), Necker- Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blanche
- Unité d'Immunologie Hématologie Rhumatologie Pédiatrique, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP5), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | | | - Jacqueline Cherfils
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, CNRS and Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY; Department of Pediatric Immunology and Hematology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Genodermatoses (MAGEC), Necker- Enfants Malades Hospital (AP-HP), Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.
| | - Asma Smahi
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Delon
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
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79
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Loeven NA, Medici NP, Bliska JB. The pyrin inflammasome in host-microbe interactions. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 54:77-86. [PMID: 32120337 PMCID: PMC7247927 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrin is an inflammasome sensor in phagocytes that is activated in response to bacterial toxins and effectors that modify RhoA. Pathogen effector-triggered pyrin activation is analogous to an indirect guard mechanism in plants. Pyrin activation appears to be triggered when RhoA GTPases in a host cell are prevented from binding downstream signaling proteins (transducers). RhoA transducers that control this response include PRK kinases, which negatively regulate pyrin by phosphorylation and binding of 14-3-3 proteins. Microtubules regulate pyrin at different levels and may serve as a platform for inflammasome nucleation. Pyrin increases inflammation in the lung, gut or systemically during infection or intoxication in mouse models and protects against systemic infection by decreasing bacterial loads. Pathogenic Yersinia spp. overcome this protective response using effectors that inhibit the pyrin inflammasome. Gain of function mutations in MEFV, the gene encoding pyrin, cause the autoinflammatory disease Familial Mediterranean Fever. Yersinia pestis may have selected for gain of function MEFV mutations in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Loeven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03768, United States
| | - Natasha P Medici
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03768, United States; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - James B Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03768, United States.
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80
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Sohrabi Y, Sonntag GVH, Braun LC, Lagache SMM, Liebmann M, Klotz L, Godfrey R, Kahles F, Waltenberger J, Findeisen HM. LXR Activation Induces a Proinflammatory Trained Innate Immunity-Phenotype in Human Monocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:353. [PMID: 32210962 PMCID: PMC7077358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The concept of trained innate immunity describes a long-term proinflammatory memory in innate immune cells. Trained innate immunity is regulated through reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways including cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis. Here, we have analyzed the role of Liver X Receptor (LXR), a key regulator of cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis, in trained innate immunity. Methods and Results Human monocytes were isolated and incubated with different stimuli for 24 h, including LXR agonists, antagonists and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine. After 5 days resting time, cells were restimulated with the TLR2-agonist Pam3cys. LXR activation did not only increase BCG trained immunity, but also induced a long-term inflammatory activation by itself. This inflammatory activation by LXR agonists was accompanied by characteristic features of trained innate immunity, such as activating histone marks on inflammatory gene promoters and metabolic reprogramming with increased lactate production and decreased oxygen consumption rate. Mechanistically, LXR priming increased cellular acetyl-CoA levels and was dependent on the activation of the mevalonate pathway and IL-1β signaling. In contrast to mevalonate pathway inhibition, blocking fatty acid synthesis further increased proinflammatory priming by LXR. Conclusion We demonstrate that LXR activation induces a proinflammatory trained immunity phenotype in human monocytes through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Our data reveal important novel aspects of LXR signaling in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Glenn V H Sonntag
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Laura C Braun
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina M M Lagache
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marie Liebmann
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Clinic of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Florian Kahles
- Department of Internal Medicine I-Cardiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannes M Findeisen
- Department of Cardiology I - Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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81
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Takei A, Nagashima S, Takei S, Yamamuro D, Murakami A, Wakabayashi T, Isoda M, Yamazaki H, Ebihara C, Takahashi M, Ebihara K, Ishibashi S. Myeloid HMG-CoA Reductase Determines Adipose Tissue Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Diabetes 2020; 69:158-164. [PMID: 31690648 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are involved in the development of insulin resistance in obesity. We have recently shown that myeloid cell-specific reduction of HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr m-/m- ), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting macrophage migration in mice. We hypothesized that ATMs are harder to accumulate in Hmgcr m-/m- mice than in control Hmgcr fl/fl mice in the setting of obesity. To test this hypothesis, we fed Hmgcr m-/m- and Hmgcr fl/fl mice a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks and compared plasma glucose metabolism as well as insulin signaling and histology between the two groups. Myeloid cell-specific reduction of Hmgcr improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity without altering body weight in the HFD-induced obese mice. The improvement was due to a decrease in the number of ATMs. The ATMs were reduced by decreased recruitment of macrophages as a result of their impaired chemotactic activity. These changes were associated with decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissues. Myeloid cell-specific reduction of Hmgcr also attenuated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, reducing myeloid HMGCR may be a promising strategy to improve insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nagashima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoko Takei
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamuro
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiko Murakami
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Wakabayashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masayo Isoda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yamazaki
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Manabu Takahashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Ebihara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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82
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Xiao J, Li W, Zheng X, Qi L, Wang H, Zhang C, Wan X, Zheng Y, Zhong R, Zhou X, Lu Y, Li Z, Qiu Y, Liu C, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Yang Z, Chen H, Zhai Q, Wei B, Wang H. Targeting 7-Dehydrocholesterol Reductase Integrates Cholesterol Metabolism and IRF3 Activation to Eliminate Infection. Immunity 2019; 52:109-122.e6. [PMID: 31882361 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent work suggests that cholesterol metabolism impacts innate immune responses against infection. However, the key enzymes or the natural products and mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. Here, we have shown that upon DNA and RNA viral infection, macrophages reduced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) expression. DHCR7 deficiency or treatment with the natural product 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) could specifically promote phosphorylation of IRF3 (not TBK1) and enhance type I interferon (IFN-I) production in macrophages. We further elucidated that viral infection or 7-DHC treatment enhanced AKT3 expression and activation. AKT3 directly bound and phosphorylated IRF3 at Ser385, together with TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 Ser386, to achieve IRF3 dimerization. Deletion of DHCR7 and the DHCR7 inhibitors including AY9944 and the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen promoted clearance of Zika virus and multiple viruses in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, we propose that the DHCR7 inhibitors and 7-DHC are potential therapeutics against emerging or highly pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Weiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruiyue Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiqi Li
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Wuhan, China; School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shangda Road, Shanghai, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Shanghai, 200031, China; Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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83
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Fu H, Alabdullah M, Großmann J, Spieler F, Abdosh R, Lutz V, Kalies K, Knöpp K, Rieckmann M, Koch S, Noutsias M, Pilowski C, Dutzmann J, Sedding D, Hüttelmaier S, Umezawa K, Werdan K, Loppnow H. The differential statin effect on cytokine production of monocytes or macrophages is mediated by differential geranylgeranylation-dependent Rac1 activation. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:880. [PMID: 31754207 PMCID: PMC6872739 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages contribute to pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including auto-inflammatory diseases, cancer, sepsis, or atherosclerosis. They do so by production of cytokines, the central regulators of inflammation. Isoprenylation of small G-proteins is involved in regulation of production of some cytokines. Statins possibly affect isoprenylation-dependent cytokine production of monocytes and macrophages differentially. Thus, we compared statin-dependent cytokine production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated freshly isolated human monocytes and macrophages derived from monocytes by overnight differentiation. Stimulated monocytes readily produced tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Statins did not alter cytokine production of LPS-stimulated monocytes. In contrast, monocyte-derived macrophages prepared in the absence of statin lost the capacity to produce cytokines, whereas macrophages prepared in the presence of statin still produced cytokines. The cells expressed indistinguishable nuclear factor-kB activity, suggesting involvement of separate, statin-dependent regulation pathways. The presence of statin was necessary during the differentiation phase of the macrophages, indicating that retainment-of-function rather than costimulation was involved. Reconstitution with mevalonic acid, farnesyl pyrophosphate, or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate blocked the retainment effect, whereas reconstitution of cholesterol synthesis by squalene did not. Inhibition of geranylgeranylation by GGTI-298, but not inhibition of farnesylation or cholesterol synthesis, mimicked the retainment effect of the statin. Inhibition of Rac1 activation by the Rac1/TIAM1-inhibitor NSC23766 or by Rac1-siRNA (small interfering RNA) blocked the retainment effect. Consistent with this finding, macrophages differentiated in the presence of statin expressed enhanced Rac1-GTP-levels. In line with the above hypothesis that monocytes and macrophages are differentially regulated by statins, the CD14/CD16-, merTK-, CX3CR1-, or CD163-expression (M2-macrophage-related) correlated inversely to the cytokine production. Thus, monocytes and macrophages display differential Rac1-geranylgeranylation-dependent functional capacities, that is, statins sway monocytes and macrophages differentially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fu
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Pädiatrische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsklinikum Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Alabdullah
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Institut für Molekulare und Klinische Immunologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia Großmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Florian Spieler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Reem Abdosh
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Veronika Lutz
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Zentrum für Tumor- und Immunbiologie (ZTI), Forschungsbereich Gastroenterologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 3, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kalies
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kai Knöpp
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Max Rieckmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susanne Koch
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michel Noutsias
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Pilowski
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institut für Molekulare Medizin, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Molecular Target Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, 480-1195, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Karl Werdan
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Harald Loppnow
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsmedizin Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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84
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Karmaus PW, Shi M, Perl S, Biancotto A, Candia J, Cheung F, Kotliarov Y, Young N, Fessler MB. Effects of rosuvastatin on the immune system in healthy volunteers with normal serum cholesterol. JCI Insight 2019; 4:131530. [PMID: 31573980 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are prescribed to millions of people. Statins are antiinflammatory independent of their cholesterol-reducing effects. To date, most reports on the immune effects of statins have assayed a narrow array of variables and have focused on cell lines, rodent models, or patient cohorts. We sought to define the effect of rosuvastatin on the "immunome" of healthy, normocholesterolemic subjects.METHODSWe conducted a prospective study of rosuvastatin (20 mg/d × 28 days) in 18 statin-naive adults with LDL cholesterol <130 mg/dL. A panel of >180 immune/biochemical/endocrinologic variables was measured at baseline and on days 14, 28, and 42 (14 days after drug withdrawal). Drug effect was evaluated using linear mixed-effects models. Potential interactions between drug and baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were evaluated.RESULTSA wide array of immune measures changed (nominal P < 0.05) during rosuvastatin treatment, although the changes were modest in magnitude, and few met an FDR of 0.05. Among changes noted were a concordant increase in proinflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α) and peripheral blood neutrophil frequency, and a decline in activated Treg frequency. Several drug effects were significantly modified by baseline hsCRP, and some did not resolve after drug withdrawal. Among other unexpected rosuvastatin effects were changes in erythrocyte indices, glucose-regulatory hormones, CD8+ T cells, and haptoglobin.CONCLUSIONRosuvastatin induces modest changes in immunologic and metabolic measures in normocholesterolemic subjects, with several effects dependent on baseline CRP. Future, larger studies are warranted to validate these changes and their physiological significance.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01200836.FUNDINGThis research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01 ES102005), and the trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Shi
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shira Perl
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Angélique Biancotto
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julián Candia
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Foo Cheung
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuri Kotliarov
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neal Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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- The CHI Consortium is detailed in the supplemental material
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85
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Akula MK, Ibrahim MX, Ivarsson EG, Khan OM, Kumar IT, Erlandsson M, Karlsson C, Xu X, Brisslert M, Brakebusch C, Wang D, Bokarewa M, Sayin VI, Bergo MO. Protein prenylation restrains innate immunity by inhibiting Rac1 effector interactions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3975. [PMID: 31484924 PMCID: PMC6726657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho family proteins are prenylated by geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), which normally target proteins to membranes for GTP-loading. However, conditional deletion of GGTase-I in mouse macrophages increases GTP-loading of Rho proteins, leading to enhanced inflammatory responses and severe rheumatoid arthritis. Here we show that heterozygous deletion of the Rho family gene Rac1, but not Rhoa and Cdc42, reverses inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice. Non-prenylated Rac1 has a high affinity for the adaptor protein Ras GTPase-activating-like protein 1 (Iqgap1), which facilitates both GTP exchange and ubiquitination-mediated degradation of Rac1. Consistently, inactivating Iqgap1 normalizes Rac1 GTP-loading, and reduces inflammation and arthritis in GGTase-I-deficient mice, as well as prevents statins from increasing Rac1 GTP-loading and cytokine production in macrophages. We conclude that blocking prenylation stimulates Rac1 effector interactions and unleashes proinflammatory signaling. Our results thus suggest that prenylation normally restrains innate immune responses by preventing Rac1 effector interactions. Macrophage specific deletion of GGTase-I, a prenylation enzyme, in mice induces inflammatory response and rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors show that GGTase-I deficiency and the resulting reduction of RAC1 prenylation increase RAC1 interaction with the adaptor protein IQGAP1, leading to GTP-loading of RAC1 and enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali K Akula
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohamed X Ibrahim
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil G Ivarsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar M Khan
- Adult Stem Cell Laboratory, Francis Crick Research Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Israiel T Kumar
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christin Karlsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikael Brisslert
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Maria Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Volkan I Sayin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83, Huddinge, Sweden.
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86
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Lo Y, Sauve JP, Menzies SC, Steiner TS, Sly LM. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110δ drives intestinal fibrosis in SHIP deficiency. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:1187-1200. [PMID: 31358861 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is an immune-mediated disease characterized by inflammation along the gastrointestinal tract. Fibrosis requiring surgery occurs in one-third of people with Crohn's disease but there are no treatments for intestinal fibrosis. Mice deficient in the SH2 domain-containing inositolpolyphosphate 5'-phosphatase (SHIP), a negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) develop spontaneous Crohn's disease-like intestinal inflammation and arginase I (argI)-dependent fibrosis. ArgI is up-regulated in SHIP deficiency by PI3Kp110δ activity. Thus, we hypothesized that SHIP-deficient mice develop fibrosis due to increased PI3Kp110δ activity. In SHIP-deficient mice, genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kp110δ activity reduced intestinal fibrosis, including muscle thickening, accumulation of vimentin+ mesenchymal cells, and collagen deposition. PI3Kp110δ deficiency or inhibition also reduced ileal inflammation in SHIP-deficient mice suggesting that PI3Kp110δ may contribute to inflammation. Targeting PI3Kp110δ activity may be an effective strategy to reduce intestinal fibrosis, and may be particularly effective in the subset of people with Crohn's disease, who have low SHIP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean Philippe Sauve
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Theodore S Steiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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87
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Kusnadi A, Park SH, Yuan R, Pannellini T, Giannopoulou E, Oliver D, Lu T, Park-Min KH, Ivashkiv LB. The Cytokine TNF Promotes Transcription Factor SREBP Activity and Binding to Inflammatory Genes to Activate Macrophages and Limit Tissue Repair. Immunity 2019; 51:241-257.e9. [PMID: 31303399 PMCID: PMC6709581 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated macrophage polarization is important for inflammatory disease pathogenesis, but the mechanisms regulating polarization are not clear. We performed transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of the TNF response in primary human macrophages and revealed late-phase activation of SREBP2, the master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis genes. TNF stimulation extended the genomic profile of SREBP2 occupancy to include binding to and activation of inflammatory and interferon response genes independently of its functions in sterol metabolism. Genetic ablation of SREBP function shifted the balance of macrophage polarization from an inflammatory to a reparative phenotype in peritonitis and skin wound healing models. Genetic ablation of SREBP activity in myeloid cells or topical pharmacological inhibition of SREBP improved skin wound healing under homeostatic and chronic inflammatory conditions. Our results identify a function and mechanism of action for SREBPs in augmenting TNF-induced macrophage activation and inflammation and open therapeutic avenues for promoting wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Kusnadi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Ruoxi Yuan
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Tania Pannellini
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - David Oliver
- Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Theresa Lu
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- BCMB Allied Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA; Research Institute and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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88
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Schnappauf O, Chae JJ, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. The Pyrin Inflammasome in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1745. [PMID: 31456795 PMCID: PMC6698799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyrin inflammasome has evolved as an innate immune sensor to detect bacterial toxin-induced Rho guanosine triphosphatase (Rho GTPase)-inactivation, a process that is similar to the “guard” mechanism in plants. Rho GTPases act as molecular switches to regulate a variety of signal transduction pathways including cytoskeletal organization. Pathogens can modulate Rho GTPase activity to suppress host immune responses such as phagocytosis. Pyrin is encoded by MEFV, the gene that is mutated in patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). FMF is the prototypic autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurring short episodes of systemic inflammation and is a common disorder in many populations in the Mediterranean basin. Pyrin specifically senses modifications in the activity of the small GTPase RhoA, which binds to many effector proteins including the serine/threonine-protein kinases PKN1 and PKN2 and actin-binding proteins. RhoA activation leads to PKN-mediated phosphorylation-dependent pyrin inhibition. Conversely, pathogen virulence factors downregulate RhoA activity in a variety of ways, and these changes are detected by the pyrin inflammasome irrespective of the type of modifications. MEFV pathogenic variants favor the active state of pyrin and elicit proinflammatory cytokine release and pyroptosis. They can be inherited either as a dominant or recessive trait depending on the variant's location and effect on the protein function. Mutations in the C-terminal B30.2 domain are usually considered recessive, although heterozygotes may manifest a biochemical or even a clinical phenotype. These variants are hypomorphic in regard to their effect on intramolecular interactions, but ultimately accentuate pyrin activity. Heterozygous mutations in other domains of pyrin affect residues critical for inhibition or protein oligomerization, and lead to constitutively active inflammasome. In healthy carriers of FMF mutations who have the subclinical inflammatory phenotype, the increased activity of pyrin might have been protective against endemic infections over human history. This finding is supported by the observation of high carrier frequencies of FMF-mutations in multiple populations. The pyrin inflammasome also plays a role in mediating inflammation in other autoinflammatory diseases linked to dysregulation in the actin polymerization pathway. Therefore, the assembly of the pyrin inflammasome is initiated in response to fluctuations in cytoplasmic homeostasis and perturbations in cytoskeletal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Schnappauf
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jae Jin Chae
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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89
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Abstract
The autoinflammatory diseases comprise a broad spectrum of disorders characterized by unchecked activation of the innate immune system. Whereas aberrations in adaptive immunity have long been identified in 'autoimmune' disorders, the concept of 'autoinflammation' emerged relatively recently, first describing a group of clinical disorders characterized by spontaneous episodes of systemic inflammation without manifestations typical of autoimmune disorders. Improved knowledge of innate immune mechanisms, coupled with remarkable progress in genomics and an expanding number of clinical cases, has since led to an increasing number of disorders classified as autoinflammatory or containing an autoinflammatory component. Biologic therapies targeting specific components of the innate immune system have provided immense clinical benefit, and have further elucidated the role of innate immunity in autoinflammatory disorders. This article reviews the basic mechanisms of autoinflammation, followed by an update on the pathophysiology and treatment of the monogenic and multifactorial autoinflammatory diseases, and the common dermatologic conditions in which autoinflammation plays a major role.
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90
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Henriksbo BD, Tamrakar AK, Xu J, Duggan BM, Cavallari JF, Phulka J, Stampfli MR, Ashkar AA, Schertzer JD. Statins Promote Interleukin-1β-Dependent Adipocyte Insulin Resistance Through Lower Prenylation, Not Cholesterol. Diabetes 2019; 68:1441-1448. [PMID: 31010959 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Statins lower cholesterol and adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but this drug class increases diabetes risk. Statins are generally anti-inflammatory. However, statins can promote inflammasome-mediated adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance through an unidentified immune effector. Statins lower mevalonate pathway intermediates beyond cholesterol, but it is unknown whether lower cholesterol underpins statin-mediated insulin resistance. We sought to define the mevalonate pathway metabolites and immune effectors that propagate statin-induced adipose insulin resistance. We found that LDL cholesterol lowering was dispensable, but statin-induced lowering of isoprenoids required for protein prenylation triggered NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-dependent insulin resistance in adipose tissue. Multiple statins impaired insulin action at the level of Akt/protein kinase B signaling in mouse adipose tissue. Providing geranylgeranyl isoprenoids or inhibiting caspase-1 prevented statin-induced defects in insulin signaling. Atorvastatin (Lipitor) impaired insulin signaling in adipose tissue from wild-type and IL-18-/- mice, but not IL-1β-/- mice. Atorvastatin decreased cell-autonomous insulin-stimulated lipogenesis but did not alter lipolysis or glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results show that statin lowering of prenylation isoprenoids activates caspase-1/IL-1β inflammasome responses that impair endocrine control of adipocyte lipogenesis. This may allow the targeting of cholesterol-independent statin side effects on adipose lipid handling without compromising the blood lipid/cholesterol-lowering effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandyn D Henriksbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Joshua Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brittany M Duggan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph F Cavallari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jobanjit Phulka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin R Stampfli
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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91
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Yang S, Harding AT, Sweeney C, Miao D, Swan G, Zhou C, Jiang Z, Fitzgerald KA, Hammer G, Bergo MO, Kroh HK, Lacy DB, Sun C, Glogauer M, Que LG, Heaton NS, Wang D. Control of antiviral innate immune response by protein geranylgeranylation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav7999. [PMID: 31149635 PMCID: PMC6541464 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav7999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) orchestrates host antiviral innate immune response to RNA virus infection. However, how MAVS signaling is controlled to eradicate virus while preventing self-destructive inflammation remains obscure. Here, we show that protein geranylgeranylation, a posttranslational lipid modification of proteins, limits MAVS-mediated immune signaling by targeting Rho family small guanosine triphosphatase Rac1 into the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes (MAMs) at the mitochondria-ER junction. Protein geranylgeranylation and subsequent palmitoylation promote Rac1 translocation into MAMs upon viral infection. MAM-localized Rac1 limits MAVS' interaction with E3 ligase Trim31 and hence inhibits MAVS ubiquitination, aggregation, and activation. Rac1 also facilitates the recruitment of caspase-8 and cFLIPL to the MAVS signalosome and the subsequent cleavage of Ripk1 that terminates MAVS signaling. Consistently, mice with myeloid deficiency of protein geranylgeranylation showed improved survival upon influenza A virus infection. Our work revealed a critical role of protein geranylgeranylation in regulating antiviral innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigao Yang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alfred T. Harding
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Catherine Sweeney
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David Miao
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory Swan
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Connie Zhou
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fitzgerald
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gianna Hammer
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO Building 6th Floor, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Heather K. Kroh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - D. Borden Lacy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Chunxiang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 150 College Street, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Loretta G. Que
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, 207 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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92
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Chapman NM, Shrestha S, Chi H. Metabolism in Immune Cell Differentiation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1011:1-85. [PMID: 28875486 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1170-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is a central determinant of organismal health. Functional immune responses require quiescent immune cells to rapidly grow, proliferate, and acquire effector functions when they sense infectious agents or other insults. Specialized metabolic programs are critical regulators of immune responses, and alterations in immune metabolism can cause immunological disorders. There has thus been growing interest in understanding how metabolic processes control immune cell functions under normal and pathophysiological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize how metabolic programs are tuned and what the physiological consequences of metabolic reprogramming are as they relate to immune cell homeostasis, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Chapman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sharad Shrestha
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.
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93
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Acharya S, Timilshina M, Chang JH. Mevalonate promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:927-936. [PMID: 31020340 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate is a precursor in a biosynthetic pathway that is important for the coordination of regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation and upregulation of the suppressive function that establishes the functional competency of Tregs. The extensive role of mevalonate and its underlying effect on Treg differentiation are still unclear. We found that mevalonate increases in vitro differentiation of induced Tregs (iTregs) without broadly affecting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, an adoptive transfer study showed that mevalonate enhanced peripherally induced Treg cells (pTregs) in mesenteric lymphocytes in vivo. Mevalonate-treated iTregs exhibited greater suppressive activity against effector cells than untreated Tregs. Mechanistically, mevalonate enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad3, but not Smad2, and by promoting Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mevalonate treatment ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and resulted in an increased percentage of Tregs in vivo. Our results suggest that mevalonate enhanced Treg differentiation and ameliorated DSS colitis, indicating its potential for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Acharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
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94
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Frey T, Swade K, Zwecker L, Llewellyn T, Vogt E, Monteferante K, English H. Monocyte Production of IFN-γ Is Interleukin-12 Dependent in a Model of Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:364-374. [PMID: 31013450 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase gene, which produces an enzyme responsible for the production of isoprenoids in the mevalonate pathway. Patient data indicate that MKD is a multicytokine disease with increased plasma levels of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon (IFN)-γ. To study the mechanisms responsible for these changes, the mevalonate pathway was inhibited with lovastatin in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes isolated from the blood of healthy donors followed by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response. Lovastatin treatment resulted in increased levels of IL-6, IL-12p40, and IFN-γ mRNA in both PBMCs and monocytes following LPS stimulation compared with control cells. An IL-12 neutralizing antibody blocked the increased levels of IFN-γ mRNA following lovastatin treatment in PBMCs indicating that this effect is dependent on IL-12. Flow cytometry experiments indicated that monocytes, not lymphocytes or granulocytes, are the source of increased IFN-γ and that both classical and nonclassical/intermediate monocytes express IFN-γ. These results indicate that blocking IL-12 or IFN- γ may be therapeutic options for MKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Frey
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn Swade
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsey Zwecker
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler Llewellyn
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Vogt
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Monteferante
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather English
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
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95
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Sandall CF, MacDonald JA. Effects of phosphorylation on the NLRP3 inflammasome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 670:43-57. [PMID: 30844378 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The pyrin domain containing Nod-like receptors (NLRPs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors known to regulate an array of immune signaling pathways. Emergent studies demonstrate the potential for regulatory control of inflammasome assembly by phosphorylation, notably NLRP3. Over a dozen phosphorylation sites have been identified for NLRP3 with many more suggested by phosphoproteomic studies of the NLRP family. Well characterized NLRP3 phosphorylation events include Ser198 by c-Jun terminal kinase (JNK), Ser295 by protein kinase D (PKD) and/or protein kinase A (PKA), and Tyr861 by an unknown kinase but is dephosphorylated by protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor 22 (PTPN22). Since the PKA- and PKD-dependent phosphorylation of NLRP3 at Ser295 is best characterized, we provide detailed review of this aspect of NLRP3 regulation. Phosphorylation of Ser295 can attenuate ATPase activity as compared to its dephosphorylated counterpart, and this event is likely unique to NLRP3. In silico modeling of NLRP3 is useful in predicting how Ser295 phosphorylation might impact upon the structural topology of the ATP-binding domain to influence catalytic activity. It is important to gain as complete understanding as possible of the complex phosphorylation-mediated mechanisms of regulation for NLRP3 in part because of its involvement in many pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina F Sandall
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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96
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Skinner OP, Jurczyluk J, Baker PJ, Masters SL, Rios Wilks AG, Clearwater MS, Robertson AAB, Schroder K, Mehr S, Munoz MA, Rogers MJ. Lack of protein prenylation promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in human monocytes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2315-2317.e3. [PMID: 30797829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Skinner
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julie Jurczyluk
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul J Baker
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alicia G Rios Wilks
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Misaki S Clearwater
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sam Mehr
- Department of Allergy/Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marcia A Munoz
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael J Rogers
- Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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97
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Ye Y, Zhu J, Ai Q, Wang C, Liao M, Fan H. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Changes in Vero Cells in Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1623-1633. [PMID: 30730140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) have caused significant lethality rates in neonatal piglets, which pose a serious threat to the swine industry worldwide. Available commercial vaccines fail to protect against the emergence of high virulence of PEDV variants. Therefore, the endemic state of the PEDV infection in suckling piglets highlights the urgent need for uncovering the molecular determinants of the disease pathogenesis. In this study, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), combined with high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine proteomic differences between PEDV-infected and mock-infected Vero cells at 18 h postinfection. The SILAC-based approach identified 4508 host-cell proteins, of which 120 were significantly up-regulated and 103 were significantly down-regulated at ≥95% confidence. Alterations in the expression of selected proteins were verified by Western blot. Several signaling metabolic pathways including mevalonate pathway I and the superpathway of cholesterol biosynthesis were triggered by the infection of the highly virulent strain and are linked to host innate immunity. 25-HC, an inhibitor of the mevalonate pathway, exhibited potent antiviral activity against PEDV infection. Meanwhile, the cell-cycle-related functions were significantly regulated, which may likely be responsible for the viral replication and pathogenicity of PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology , Jiangxi Agricultural University , Nanchang 330045 , China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Qiangyun Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development , Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development , Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development , Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Huiying Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development , Ministry of Agriculture , Guangzhou 510642 , China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Control and Prevention of Guangdong , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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98
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Beck DB, Aksentijevich I. Biochemistry of Autoinflammatory Diseases: Catalyzing Monogenic Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30766537 PMCID: PMC6365650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders are a group of conditions defined by systemic or localized inflammation without identifiable causes, such as infection. In contrast to classical primary immunodeficiencies that manifest with impaired immune responses, these disorders are due to defects in genes that regulate innate immunity leading to constitutive activation of pro-inflammatory signaling. Through studying patients with rare autoinflammatory conditions, novel mechanisms of inflammation have been identified that bare on our understanding not only of basic signaling in inflammatory cells, but also of the pathogenesis of more common inflammatory diseases and have guided treatment modalities. Autoinflammation has further been implicated as an important component of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic syndromes. In this review, we will focus on a subset of inherited enzymatic deficiencies that lead to constitutive inflammation, and how these rare diseases have provided insights into diverse areas of cell biology not restricted to immune cells. In this way, Mendelian disorders of the innate immune system, and in particular loss of catalytic activity of enzymes in distinct pathways, have expanded our understanding of the interplay between many seemingly disparate cellular processes. We also explore the overlap between autoinflammation, autoimmunity, and immunodeficiency, which has been increasingly recognized in patients with dysregulated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Beck
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Metabolic, Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Disease Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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99
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Sánchez-Manubens J, Iglesias E, Anton J. Canakinumab for the treatment of hyperimmunoglobulin D syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:215-220. [PMID: 30652926 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1571410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) is a rare monogenic autoinflammatory disorder (AID) with autosomal recessive inheritance caused by mutations in the MVK gene. It includes hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS) and mevalonic aciduria (a severe form). Patients have recurrent inflammatory attacks with high fever, gastrointestinal symptoms, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, arthralgia, rash, pharyngitis, aphtosis and constitutional complaints. Heightened understanding of molecular mechanisms in monogenic autoinflammatory disorders has provided tools for targeted treatment. HIDS is an extrinsic inflammasomopathy and is responsive to anti-IL-1 therapies, such as the recombinant IL-1-receptor antagonist anakinra, the monoclonal antibody against IL-1b canakinumab (CAN), and the recombinant IL-1R fusion protein rilonacept. Areas covered: CAN is a human monoclonal anti-IL-1β antibody that binds with high affinity and neutralizes the activity of IL-1 β. Both observational registries and some case reports have seemed promising in the efficacy of CAN in the HIDS treatment. Two clinical trials have corroborated CAN as an effective and safe drug. Expert commentary: CAN is effective and safe for the treatment of HIDS patients. Some data suggest these patients may need higher dosage or shorter dosing interval than other AIDs, to achieve and maintain complete clinical and laboratory response. Reported adverse events were mild, most often non-complicated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Sánchez-Manubens
- a Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Universitari Parc Taulí , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Sabadell (Barcelona) , Spain.,b Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estibaliz Iglesias
- b Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Anton
- b Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu , Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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100
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Van Gorp H, Van Opdenbosch N, Lamkanfi M. Inflammasome-Dependent Cytokines at the Crossroads of Health and Autoinflammatory Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a028563. [PMID: 29038114 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As key regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity, it is unsurprising that the activity of interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family members is tightly controlled by decoy receptors, antagonists, and a variety of other mechanisms. Additionally, inflammasome-mediated proteolytic maturation is a prominent and distinguishing feature of two important members of this cytokine family, IL-1β and IL-18, because their full-length gene products are biologically inert. Although vital in antimicrobial host defense, deregulated inflammasome signaling is linked with a growing number of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Here, we focus on introducing the diverse inflammasome types and discussing their causal roles in periodic fever syndromes. Therapies targeting IL-1 or IL-18 show great efficacy in some of these autoinflammatory diseases, although further understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to unregulated production of these key cytokines is required to benefit more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Van Gorp
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Opdenbosch
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Mohamed Lamkanfi
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Zwijnaarde B-9052, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
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