51
|
Abdullahi M, Olotu FA, Soliman ME. Allosteric inhibition abrogates dysregulated LFA-1 activation: Structural insight into mechanisms of diminished immunologic disease. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 73:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
52
|
Natural nitration of CXCL12 reduces its signaling capacity and chemotactic activity in vitro and abrogates intra-articular lymphocyte recruitment in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62439-62459. [PMID: 27566567 PMCID: PMC5308738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor-1 is important for leukocyte migration to lymphoid organs and inflamed tissues and stimulates tumor development. In vitro, CXCL12 activity through CXCR4 is abolished by proteolytic processing. However, limited information is available on in vivo effects of posttranslationally modified CXCL12. Natural CXCL12 was purified from the coculture supernatant of stromal cells stimulated with leukocytes and inflammatory agents. In this conditioned medium, CXCL12 with a nitration on Tyr7, designated [3-NT7]CXCL12, was discovered via Edman degradation. CXCL12 and [3-NT7]CXCL12 were chemically synthesized to evaluate the biological effects of this modification. [3-NT7]CXCL12 recruited β-arrestin 2 and phosphorylated the Akt kinase similar to CXCL12 in receptor-transfected cells. Also the affinity of CXCL12 and [3-NT7]CXCL12 for glycosaminoglycans, the G protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 and the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3 were comparable. However, [3-NT7]CXCL12 showed a reduced ability to enhance intracellular calcium concentrations, to generate inositol triphosphate, to phosphorylate ERK1/2 and to induce monocyte and lymphocyte chemotaxis in vitro. Moreover, nitrated CXCL12 failed to induce in vivo extravasation of lymphocytes to the joint. In summary, nitration on Tyr7 under inflammatory conditions is a novel natural posttranslational regulatory mechanism of CXCL12 which may downregulate the CXCR4-mediated inflammatory and tumor-promoting activities of CXCL12.
Collapse
|
53
|
Karimzadeh A, Scarfone VM, Varady E, Chao C, Grathwohl K, Fathman JW, Fruman DA, Serwold T, Inlay MA. The CD11a and Endothelial Protein C Receptor Marker Combination Simplifies and Improves the Purification of Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29543389 PMCID: PMC5980368 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the self‐renewing multipotent progenitors to all blood cell types. Identification and isolation of HSCs for study has depended on the expression of combinations of surface markers on HSCs that reliably distinguish them from other cell types. However, the increasing number of markers required to isolate HSCs has made it tedious, expensive, and difficult for newcomers, suggesting the need for a simpler panel of HSC markers. We previously showed that phenotypic HSCs could be separated based on expression of CD11a and that only the CD11a negative fraction contained true HSCs. Here, we show that CD11a and another HSC marker, endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), can be used to effectively identify and purify HSCs. We introduce a new two‐color HSC sorting method that can highly enrich for HSCs with efficiencies comparable to the gold standard combination of CD150 and CD48. Our results demonstrate that adding CD11a and EPCR to the HSC biologist's toolkit improves the purity of and simplifies isolation of HSCs. stemcellstranslationalmedicine2018;7:468–476
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alborz Karimzadeh
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Vanessa M Scarfone
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Erika Varady
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Connie Chao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Karin Grathwohl
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - John W Fathman
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David A Fruman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew A Inlay
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Anderson NR, Lee D, Hammer DA. An Experimentally Determined State Diagram for Human CD4 + T Lymphocyte CXCR4-Stimulated Adhesion Under Shear Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:91-98. [PMID: 30271505 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The leukocyte adhesion cascade is important for the maintenance of homeostasis and the ability of immune cells to access sites of infection and inflammation. Despite much work identifying the molecular components of the cascade, and numerous simulations to predict the relationship between molecule density, identity, and adhesion, these relationships have not been measured experimentally. Methods Using surfaces functionalized with recombinant ICAM-1 and/or E-selectin along with immobilized SDF-1α, we used a flow chamber to measure rates of tethering, rolling and arrest of primary naïve human CD4+ T lymphocytes on different surface densities of ligand. Results Cells required a minimum level of ligand density to progress beyond tethering. E-selectin and ICAM-1 were found to have a synergistic relationship in promoting cell arrest. Surfaces with both ligands had the highest levels of arrest, while surfaces containing only E-selectin hindered the cell's ability to progress beyond rolling. In contrast, surfaces of ICAM-1 allowed only tethering or arrest. Cells maintained constant rolling velocity and time to stop over large variations in surface density and composition. In addition, surface densities of only O(101) sites/μm2 allowed for rolling while surface densities of O(102) sites/μm2 promoted arrest, approximately equal to previously determined simulated values. Conclusions We have systematically and experimentally mapped out the state diagram of T-cell adhesion under flow, directly demonstrating the quantitative requirements for each dynamic state of adhesion, and showing how multiple adhesion molecules can act in synergy to secure arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Anderson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dooyoung Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Present Address: Applied BioMath, LLC, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Golbert DCF, Santana-Van-Vliet E, Ribeiro-Alves M, Fonsêca MMBD, Lepletier A, Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Loss G, Cotta-de-Almeida V, Vasconcelos ATR, Savino W. Small interference ITGA6 gene targeting in the human thymic epithelium differentially regulates the expression of immunological synapse-related genes. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 12:152-167. [PMID: 28494186 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2017.1327513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The thymus supports differentiation of T cell precursors. This process requires relocation of developing thymocytes throughout multiple microenvironments of the organ, mainly with thymic epithelial cells (TEC), which control intrathymic T cell differentiation influencing the formation and maintenance of the immunological synapse. In addition to the proteins of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), this structure is supported by several adhesion molecules. During the process of thymopoiesis, we previously showed that laminin-mediated interactions are involved in the entrance of T-cell precursors into the thymus, as well as migration of differentiating thymocytes within the organ. Using small interference RNA strategy, we knocked-down the ITGA6 gene (which encodes the CD49f integrin α-chain) in cultured human TEC, generating a decrease in the expression of the corresponding CD49f subunit, in addition to modulation in several other genes related to cell adhesion and migration. Thymocyte adhesion to TEC was significantly impaired, comprising both immature and mature thymocyte subsets. Moreover, we found a modulation of the MHC, with a decrease in membrane expression of HLA-ABC, in contrast with increase in the expression of HLA-DR. Interestingly, the knockdown of the B2M gene (encoding the β-2 microglobulin of the HLA-ABC complex) increased CD49f expression levels, thus unraveling the existence of a cross-talk event in the reciprocal control of CD49f and HLA-ABC. Our data suggest that the expression levels of CD49f may be relevant in the general control of MHC expression by TEC and consequently the corresponding synapse with developing thymocytes mediated by the T-cell receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Cristina F Golbert
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,c Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Eliane Santana-Van-Vliet
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- d Evandro Chagas Research Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Marbella Maria B da Fonsêca
- e Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium , University of Oxford, UK, Structural Genomics Consortium , Old Road Campus, Headington , Oxford , England
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Guilherme Loss
- c Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vinícius Cotta-de-Almeida
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza R Vasconcelos
- c Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, Petrópolis , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Wilson Savino
- a Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil.,b National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (CXCL12) activates integrins by direct binding to an allosteric ligand-binding site (site 2) of integrins without CXCR4. Biochem J 2018; 475:723-732. [PMID: 29301984 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte arrest on the endothelial cell surface during leukocyte extravasation is induced by rapid integrin activation by chemokines. We recently reported that fractalkine induces integrin activation without its receptor CX3CR1 through binding to the allosteric site (site 2) of integrins. Peptides from site 2 bound to fractalkine and suppressed integrin activation by fractalkine. We hypothesized that this is not limited to membrane-bound fractalkine. We studied whether stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1), another chemokine that plays a critical role in leukocyte arrest, activates integrins through binding to site 2. We describe here that (1) SDF1 activated soluble integrin αvβ3 in cell-free conditions, suggesting that SDF1 can activate αvβ3 without CXCR4; (2) site 2 peptide bound to SDF1, suggesting that SDF1 binds to site 2; (3) SDF1 activated integrins αvβ3, α4β1, and α5β1 on CHO cells (CXCR4-negative) and site 2 peptide suppressed the activation; (4) A CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 did not affect the site 2-mediated integrin activation by SDF1; (5) Cell-surface integrins were fully activated in 1 min (much faster than activation of soluble αvβ3) and the activation lasted at least for 1 h. We propose that the binding of SDF1 to cell-surface proteoglycan facilitates the allosteric activation process; (6) Mutations in the predicted site 2-binding site in SDF1 suppressed integrin activation. These results suggest that SDF1 (e.g. presented on proteoglycans) can rapidly activate integrins in an allosteric manner by binding to site 2 in the absence of CXCR4. The allosteric integrin activation by SDF1 is a novel target for drug discovery.
Collapse
|
57
|
Sestito C, Brevé JJP, van Eggermond MCJA, Killestein J, Teunissen CE, van Rossum J, Wilhelmus MMM, Drukarch B, van den Elsen PJ, van Dam AM. Monocyte-derived tissue transglutaminase in multiple sclerosis patients: reflecting an anti-inflammatory status and function of the cells? J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:257. [PMID: 29268771 PMCID: PMC5740592 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system is an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Among the infiltrating cells, monocytes comprise the largest population and are considered to play a dual role in the course of the disease. The enzyme tissue transglutaminase (TG2), produced by monocytes, plays a central role in monocyte adhesion/migration in animal models of MS. In the present study, we questioned whether TG2 expression is altered in monocytes from MS patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects. Moreover, we determined the inflammatory status of these TG2-expressing monocytes, what inflammatory factor regulates TG2 expression, and whether TG2 can functionally contribute to their adhesion/migration processes. METHODS Primary human monocytes from MS patients and HC subjects were collected, RNA isolated and subjected to qPCR analysis. Human THP-1 monocytes were lentivirally transduced with TG2 siRNA or control and treated with various cytokines. Subsequently, mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, adhesion properties, and activity of RhoA were analyzed in interleukin (IL)-4-treated monocytes. RESULTS TG2 mRNA levels are significantly increased in monocytes derived from MS patients compared to HC subjects. In addition, correlation analyses indicated that TG2-expressing cells display a more anti-inflammatory, migratory profile in MS patients. Using THP-1 monocytes, we observed that IL-4 is a major trigger of TG2 expression in these cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TG2 expression leads to a pro-inflammatory profile and reduced adhesion/migration properties of IL-4-treated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS TG2-expressing monocytes in MS patients have a more anti-inflammatory profile. Furthermore, TG2 mediates IL-4-induced anti-inflammatory status in THP-1 monocytes, adhesion, and cytoskeletal rearrangement in vitro. We thus propose that IL-4 upregulates TG2 expression in monocytes of MS patients, driving them into an anti-inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sestito
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Present Address: Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John J P Brevé
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja C J A van Eggermond
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joram van Rossum
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha M M Wilhelmus
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Drukarch
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van den Elsen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie van Dam
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Ferreira CP, Cariste LM, Santos Virgílio FD, Moraschi BF, Monteiro CB, Vieira Machado AM, Gazzinelli RT, Bruna-Romero O, Menin Ruiz PL, Ribeiro DA, Lannes-Vieira J, Lopes MDF, Rodrigues MM, de Vasconcelos JRC. LFA-1 Mediates Cytotoxicity and Tissue Migration of Specific CD8 + T Cells after Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1291. [PMID: 29081775 PMCID: PMC5645645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate the lymphocyte migration into an infected tissue, and these cells are essential for controlling the multiplication of many intracellular parasites such as Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Here, we explore LFA-1 and VLA-4 roles in the migration of specific CD8+ T cells generated by heterologous prime-boost immunization during experimental infection with T. cruzi. To this end, vaccinated mice were treated with monoclonal anti-LFA-1 and/or anti-VLA-4 to block these molecules. After anti-LFA-1, but not anti-VLA-4 treatment, all vaccinated mice displayed increased blood and tissue parasitemia, and quickly succumbed to infection. In addition, there was an accumulation of specific CD8+ T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes and a decrease in the number of those cells, especially in the heart, suggesting that LFA-1 is important for the output of specific CD8+ T cells from secondary lymphoid organs into infected organs such as the heart. The treatment did not alter CD8+ T cell effector functions such as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and granzyme B, and maintained the proliferative capacity after treatment. However, the specific CD8+ T cell direct cytotoxicity was impaired after LFA-1 blockade. Also, these cells expressed higher levels of Fas/CD95 on the surface, suggesting that they are susceptible to programmed cell death by the extrinsic pathway. We conclude that LFA-1 plays an important role in the migration of specific CD8+ T cells and in the direct cytotoxicity of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pontes Ferreira
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Moro Cariste
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos Virgílio
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ferri Moraschi
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- René Rachou Research Center, Fiocruz, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Oscar Bruna-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Joseli Lannes-Vieira
- Biology Interactions Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Freitas Lopes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Martins Rodrigues
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Ronnie Carvalho de Vasconcelos
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Center of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abstract
Leukocytes can completely reorganize their cytoskeletal architecture within minutes. This structural plasticity, which facilitates their migration and communicative function, also enables them to exert a substantial amount of mechanical force against the extracellular matrix and the surfaces of interacting cells. In recent years, it has become increasingly clear that these forces have crucial roles in immune cell activation and subsequent effector responses. Here, I review our current understanding of how mechanical force regulates cell-surface receptor activation, cell migration, intracellular signalling and intercellular communication, highlighting the biological ramifications of these effects in various immune cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Huse
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Abstract
Myeloid cells make extensive use of the complement system in the context of recruitment, phagocytosis, and other effector functions. There are several types of complement receptors on myeloid cells, including G protein-coupled receptors for localizing the source of complement activation, and three sets of type I transmembrane proteins that link complement to phagocytosis: complement receptor 1, having an extracellular domain with tandem complement regulatory repeats; complement receptors 3 and 4, which are integrin family receptors comprising heterodimers of type I transmembrane subunits; and VSIG4, a member of the Ig superfamily. This review will focus on the role of the different classes of complement receptors and how their activities are integrated in the setting of immune tolerance and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
|
61
|
Panezai J, Bergdahl E, Sundqvist KG. T-cell regulation through a basic suppressive mechanism targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1. Immunology 2017; 152:308-327. [PMID: 28580688 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion is generally considered to depend on positive regulation through ligation of integrins and cytokine receptors. However, here we show that T-cell adhesion, and notably also T-cell receptor (TCR) -induced activation, are subject to constant suppression through shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). The broad-spectrum metalloprotease inhibitor GM6001 abrogated shedding, so inducing prominent cell surface expression of LRP1 while enhancing TCR-induced activation and adhesion to β1 and β2 integrin ligands, hence arresting the cells. Integrin ligands also inhibited shedding but the effect was less potent than that of GM6001. Unlike GM6001, integrin ligands also induced cell surface expression of full-length thrombospondin-1 (TSP170) and TSP130, which associated with LRP1, and TSP110, which did not associate with LRP1. Cell surface expression of LRP1 and TSP130 were induced exclusively in adhering cells, expression of TSP110 preferentially in non-adhering cells and expression of TSP170 correlated with T-cell motility. The pro-adhesive chemokine CXCL12 also inhibited LRP1 shedding and induced surface expression of TSP170 and TSP130 while inhibiting TSP110. Exogenous TSP-1 and ligation of CD28 inhibited shedding although less effectively than GM6001, and the inhibition through CD28 was independent of TSP-1. Small interfering RNA silencing experiments confirmed involvement of LRP1 and TSP-1 in integrin-dependent adhesion and TCR-induced activation. Hence, the poor LRP1 expression in T cells depends on shedding. Integrin ligands and CXCL12 antagonize shedding through a TSP-1-dependent pathway and ligation of CD28 antagonizes shedding independent of TSP-1. The disappearance of LRP1 from the cell surface may provide basic immunosuppression at the T-cell level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeneen Panezai
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Periodontology, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Eva Bergdahl
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Gösta Sundqvist
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Bhatia U, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Schwab N, Wiendl H, Gross CC. Analysis of Lymphocyte Extravasation Using an In Vitro Model of the Human Blood-brain Barrier. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28448020 DOI: 10.3791/55390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte extravasation into the central nervous system (CNS) is critical for immune surveillance. Disease-related alterations of lymphocyte extravasation might result in pathophysiological changes in the CNS. Thus, investigation of lymphocyte migration into the CNS is important to understand inflammatory CNS diseases and to develop new therapy approaches. Here we present an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier to study lymphocyte extravasation. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) are confluently grown on a porous polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert to mimic the endothelium of the blood-brain barrier. Barrier function is validated by zonula occludens immunohistochemistry, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements as well as analysis of evans blue permeation. This model allows investigation of the diapedesis of rare lymphocyte subsets such as CD56brightCD16dim/- NK cells. Furthermore, the effects of other cells, cytokines and chemokines, disease-related alterations, and distinct treatment regimens on the migratory capacity of lymphocytes can be studied. Finally, the impact of inflammatory stimuli as well as different treatment regimens on the endothelial barrier can be analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Urvashi Bhatia
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster
| | | | - Nicholas Schwab
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster
| | - Catharina C Gross
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster;
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Integrin signaling in atherosclerosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2263-2282. [PMID: 28246700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease affecting large arteries, represents the primary cause of cardiovascular disease in the world. The local remodeling of the vessel intima during atherosclerosis involves the modulation of vascular cell phenotype, alteration of cell migration and proliferation, and propagation of local extracellular matrix remodeling. All of these responses represent targets of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors. As such, alterations in integrin signaling affect multiple aspects of atherosclerosis, from the earliest induction of inflammation to the development of advanced fibrotic plaques. Integrin signaling has been shown to regulate endothelial phenotype, facilitate leukocyte homing, affect leukocyte function, and drive smooth muscle fibroproliferative remodeling. In addition, integrin signaling in platelets contributes to the thrombotic complications that typically drive the clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine the current literature on integrin regulation of atherosclerotic plaque development and the suitability of integrins as potential therapeutic targets to limit cardiovascular disease and its complications.
Collapse
|
64
|
Hwang IY, Park C, Harrison K, Kehrl JH. Normal Thymocyte Egress, T Cell Trafficking, and CD4 + T Cell Homeostasis Require Interactions between RGS Proteins and Gα i2. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2721-2734. [PMID: 28235863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity depends on mature thymocytes leaving the thymus to enter the bloodstream and the trafficking of T cells through lymphoid organs. Both of these require heterotrimeric Gαi protein signaling, whose intensity and duration are controlled by the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins. In this study, we show that RGS protein/Gαi2 interactions are essential for normal thymocyte egress, T cell trafficking, and homeostasis. Mature thymocytes with a Gαi2 mutation that disables RGS protein binding accumulated in the perivascular channels of thymic corticomedullary venules. Severe reductions in peripheral naive CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells occurred. The mutant CD4+ T cells adhered poorly to high endothelial venules and exhibited defects in lymph node entrance and egress. The kinetics of chemokine receptor signaling were disturbed, including chemokine- induced integrin activation. Despite the thymic and lymph node egress defects, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling was not obviously perturbed. This study reveals how RGS proteins modulate Gαi2 signaling to facilitate thymocyte egress and T cell trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Young Hwang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chung Park
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kathleen Harrison
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John H Kehrl
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Richardson DD, Fernandez-Borja M. Leukocyte adhesion and polarization: Role of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. BIOARCHITECTURE 2016; 5:61-9. [PMID: 26744925 PMCID: PMC4832445 DOI: 10.1080/19490992.2015.1127466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte traffic out of the blood stream is crucial for an adequate immune response. Leukocyte extravasation is critically dependent on the binding of leukocyte integrins to their endothelial counterreceptors. This interaction enables the firm adhesion of leukocytes to the luminal side of the vascular wall and allows for leukocyte polarization, crawling and diapedesis. Leukocyte adhesion, polarization and migration requires the orchestrated regulation of integrin adhesion/de-adhesion dynamics and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Adhesion strength depends on conformational changes of integrin molecules (affinity) as well as the number of integrin molecules engaged at adhesion sites (valency). These two processes can be independently regulated and several molecules modulate either one or both processes. Cholesterol-rich membrane domains (lipid rafts) participate in integrin regulation and play an important role in leukocyte adhesion, polarization and motility. In particular, lipid raft-resident glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) have been reported to regulate leukocyte adhesion, polarization and motility in both integrin-dependent and independent manners. Here, we present our recent discovery concerning the novel role of the GPI-AP prion protein (PrP) in the regulation of β1 integrin-mediated monocyte adhesion, migration and shape polarization in the context of existing literature on GPI-AP-dependent regulation of integrins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion D Richardson
- a Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology ; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; University of Amsterdam ; Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Mar Fernandez-Borja
- a Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology ; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory; University of Amsterdam ; Amsterdam , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Lorenz N, Loef EJ, Kelch ID, Verdon DJ, Black MM, Middleditch MJ, Greenwood DR, Graham ES, Brooks AE, Dunbar PR, Birch NP. Plasmin and regulators of plasmin activity control the migratory capacity and adhesion of human T cells and dendritic cells by regulating cleavage of the chemokine CCL21. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:955-963. [PMID: 27301418 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The homeostatic chemokine CCL21 has a pivotal role in lymphocyte homing and compartment localisation within the lymph node, and also affects adhesion between immune cells. The effects of CCL21 are modulated by its mode of presentation, with different cellular responses seen for surface-bound and soluble forms. Here we show that plasmin cleaves surface-bound CCL21 to release the C-terminal peptide responsible for CCL21 binding to glycosaminoglycans on the extracellular matrix and cell surfaces, thereby generating the soluble form. Loss of this anchoring peptide enabled the chemotactic activity of CCL21 and reduced cell tethering. Tissue plasminogen activator did not cleave CCL21 directly but enhanced CCL21 processing through generation of plasmin from plasminogen. The tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor neuroserpin prevented processing of CCL21 and blocked the effects of soluble CCL21 on cell migration. Similarly, the plasmin-specific inhibitor α2-antiplasmin inhibited CCL21-mediated migration of human T cells and dendritic cells and tethering of T cells to APCs. We conclude that the plasmin system proteins plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator and neuroserpin regulate CCL21 function in the immune system by controlling the balance of matrix- and cell-bound CCL21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lorenz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Evert Jan Loef
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Inken D Kelch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel J Verdon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moyra M Black
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin J Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland Science Analytical Services, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David R Greenwood
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Centre for Brain Research, Rangahau Roro, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Es Brooks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P Rod Dunbar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P Birch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Brain Research, Rangahau Roro, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- Brain Research New Zealand, Rangahau Roro, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Sosa-Costa A, Isern de Val S, Sevilla-Movilla S, Borgman KJE, Manzo C, Teixidó J, Garcia-Parajo MF. Lateral Mobility and Nanoscale Spatial Arrangement of Chemokine-activated α4β1 Integrins on T Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21053-21062. [PMID: 27481944 PMCID: PMC5076515 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokine stimulation of integrin α4β1-dependent T lymphocyte adhesion is a key step during lymphocyte trafficking. A central question regarding α4β1 function is how its lateral mobility and organization influence its affinity and avidity following cell stimulation with chemokines and/or ligands. Using single particle tracking and superresolution imaging approaches, we explored the lateral mobility and spatial arrangement of individual α4β1integrins on T cells exposed to different activating stimuli. We show that CXCL12 stimulation leads to rapid and transient α4β1activation, measured by induction of the activation epitope recognized by the HUTS-21 anti-β1antibody and by increased talin-β1 association. CXCL12-dependent α4β1 activation directly correlated with restricted lateral diffusion and integrin immobilization. Moreover, co-stimulation by CXCL12 together with soluble VCAM-1 potentiated integrin immobilization with a 5-fold increase in immobile integrins compared with unstimulated conditions. Our data indicate that docking by talin of the chemokine-activated α4β1 to the actin cytoskeleton favors integrin immobilization, which likely facilitates ligand interaction and increased adhesiveness. Superresolution imaging showed that the nanoscale organization of high-affinity α4β1 remains unaffected following chemokine and/or ligand addition. Instead, newly activated α4β1 integrins organize on the cell membrane as independent units without joining pre-established integrin sites to contribute to cluster formation. Altogether, our results provide a rationale to understand how the spatiotemporal organization of activated α4β1 integrins regulates T lymphocyte adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sosa-Costa
- From the Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sol Isern de Val
- the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Silvia Sevilla-Movilla
- the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Kyra J E Borgman
- From the Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Manzo
- From the Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Teixidó
- the Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 28040 Madrid, Spain, and
| | - Maria F Garcia-Parajo
- From the Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain, the ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Childs PG, Boyle CA, Pemberton GD, Nikukar H, Curtis AS, Henriquez FL, Dalby MJ, Reid S. Use of nanoscale mechanical stimulation for control and manipulation of cell behaviour. Acta Biomater 2016; 34:159-168. [PMID: 26612418 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control cell behaviour, cell fate and simulate reliable tissue models in vitro remains a significant challenge yet is crucial for various applications of high throughput screening e.g. drug discovery. Mechanotransduction (the ability of cells to convert mechanical forces in their environment to biochemical signalling) represents an alternative mechanism to attain this control with such studies developing techniques to reproducibly control the mechanical environment in techniques which have potential to be scaled. In this review, the use of techniques such as finite element modelling and precision interferometric measurement are examined to provide context for a novel technique based on nanoscale vibration, also known as "nanokicking". Studies have shown this stimulus to alter cellular responses in both endothelial and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), particularly in increased proliferation rate and induced osteogenesis respectively. Endothelial cell lines were exposed to nanoscale vibration amplitudes across a frequency range of 1-100 Hz, and MSCs primarily at 1 kHz. This technique provides significant potential benefits over existing technologies, as cellular responses can be initiated without the use of expensive engineering techniques and/or chemical induction factors. Due to the reproducible and scalable nature of the apparatus it is conceivable that nanokicking could be used for controlling cell behaviour within a wide array of high throughput procedures in the research environment, within drug discovery, and for clinical/therapeutic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The results discussed within this article summarise the potential benefits of using nanoscale vibration protocols for controlling cell behaviour. There is a significant need for reliable tissue models within the clinical and pharma industries, and the control of cell behaviour and stem cell differentiation would be highly beneficial. The full potential of this method of controlling cell behaviour has not yet been realised.
Collapse
|
69
|
Thomas SN, Rohner NA, Edwards EE. Implications of Lymphatic Transport to Lymph Nodes in Immunity and Immunotherapy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 18:207-33. [PMID: 26928210 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-101515-014413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune response consists of many highly regulated, multistep cascades that protect against infection while preserving the health of autologous tissue. The proper initiation, maintenance, and resolution of such responses require the precise coordination of molecular and cellular signaling over multiple time and length scales orchestrated by lymphatic transport. In order to investigate these functions and manipulate them for therapy, a comprehensive understanding of how lymphatics influence immune physiology is needed. This review presents the current mechanistic understanding of the role of the lymphatic vasculature in regulating biomolecule and cellular transport from the interstitium, peripheral tissue immune surveillance, the lymph node stroma and microvasculature, and circulating lymphocyte homing to lymph nodes. This review also discusses the ramifications of lymphatic transport in immunity as well as tolerance and concludes with examples of how lymphatic-mediated targeting of lymph nodes has been exploited for immunotherapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan N Thomas
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Nathan A Rohner
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and.,Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332;
| | - Erin E Edwards
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; .,Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
71
|
Abstract
New insights into the biological mechanisms involved in modulating periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss are paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies for periodontitis. The neutrophil adhesion cascade for transmigration in response to infection or inflammation is a key paradigm in immunity. Developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) is one of several newly identified endogenous inhibitors of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Del-1 competes with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on endothelial cells for binding to the LFA-1 integrin on neutrophils, thereby regulating neutrophil recruitment and local inflammation. In animal periodontitis models, Del-1 deficiency resulted in severe inflammation and alveolar bone loss, but local treatment with recombinant Del-1 prevented neutrophil infiltration and bone loss. The expression of Del-1 is inhibited by the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Nucleic-acid-receptor-mediated inflammatory responses may be important in periodontal disease pathogenesis. Bacterial nucleic acids released during inflammation are detected by host microbial DNA sensors, e.g., Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9), leading to the activation of pro- and/or anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. DNA from periodontitis-associated bacteria induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in human macrophage-like cells through the TLR-9 and NF-κB signaling pathways, but had less effect on human osteoblasts. Inhibition of TLR-9 signaling in human macrophages reduced cytokine production in response to P. gingivalis DNA. Differential expression of a polymorphic site in the TLR-9 gene promoter region and increased TLR-9 gene and protein expression were reported in chronic periodontitis. Further research to confirm that periodontal bacterial DNA contributes to destructive inflammation in vivo could provide alternative therapeutic targets to control periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Dental School, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hauser MA, Legler DF. Common and biased signaling pathways of the chemokine receptor CCR7 elicited by its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 in leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 99:869-82. [PMID: 26729814 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2mr0815-380r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are pivotal regulators of cell migration during continuous immune surveillance, inflammation, homeostasis, and development. Chemokine binding to their 7-transmembrane domain, G-protein-coupled receptors causes conformational changes that elicit intracellular signaling pathways to acquire and maintain an asymmetric architectural organization and a polarized distribution of signaling molecules necessary for directional cell migration. Leukocytes rely on the interplay of chemokine-triggered migration modules to promote amoeboid-like locomotion. One of the most important chemokine receptors for adaptive immune cell migration is the CC-chemokine receptor CCR7. CCR7 and its ligands CCL19 and CCL21 control homing of T cells and dendritic cells to areas of the lymph nodes where T cell priming and the initiation of the adaptive immune response occur. Moreover, CCR7 signaling also contributes to T cell development in the thymus and to lymphorganogenesis. Although the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis evolved to benefit the host, inappropriate regulation or use of these proteins can contribute or cause pathobiology of chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it appears as the CCR7-CCL19/CCL21 axis is tightly regulated at numerous intersections. Here, we discuss the multiple regulatory mechanism of CCR7 signaling and its influence on CCR7 function. In particular, we focus on the functional diversity of the 2 CCR7 ligands, CCL19 and CCL21, as well as on their impact on biased signaling. The understanding of the molecular determinants of biased signaling and the multiple layers of CCR7 regulation holds the promise for potential future therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hauser
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Impact of Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 Blockade on Endogenous Allospecific T Cells to Multiple Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Mismatched Cardiac Allograft. Transplantation 2015; 99:2485-93. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
74
|
Su Y, Richmond A. Chemokine Regulation of Neutrophil Infiltration of Skin Wounds. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2015; 4:631-640. [PMID: 26543677 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2014.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: Efficient recruitment of neutrophils to an injured skin lesion is an important innate immune response for wound repair. Defects in neutrophil recruitment lead to impaired wound healing. Recent Advances: Chemokines and chemokine receptors are known to regulate neutrophil recruitment. Recent research advances reveal more mechanistic details about the regulation of chemokines and chemokine receptors on neutrophil egress from bone marrow, transmigration into the wound site, spatial navigation toward the necrotic skin tissue, and apoptosis-induced clearance by efferocytosis. Critical Issues: Skin injury triggers local and systemic alterations in the expression of multiple chemotactic molecules and the magnitude of chemokine receptor-mediated signaling. The responses of a number of CXC and CX3C chemokines and their receptors closely associate with the temporal and spatial recruitment of neutrophils to wound sites during the inflammatory phase and promote the clearance of necrotic neutrophils during the transition into the proliferative phase. Functional aberrancy in these chemokines and chemokine receptor systems is recognized as one of the important mechanisms underlying the pathology of impaired wound healing. Future Directions: Future research should aim to investigate the therapeutic modulation of neutrophil activity through the targeting of specific chemokines or chemokine receptors in the early inflammatory phase to improve clinical management of wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Su
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Kallikourdis M, Viola A, Benvenuti F. Human Immunodeficiencies Related to Defective APC/T Cell Interaction. Front Immunol 2015; 6:433. [PMID: 26379669 PMCID: PMC4551858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary event for initiating adaptive immune responses is the encounter between T lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells (APCs) in the T cell area of secondary lymphoid organs and the formation of highly organized intercellular junctions referred to as immune synapses (IS). In vivo live-cell imaging of APC-T cell interactions combined to functional studies unveiled that T cell fate is dictated, in large part, by the stability of the initial contact. Immune cell interaction is equally important during delivery of T cell help to B cells and for the killing of target cells by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells. The critical role of contact dynamics and synapse stability on the immune response is well illustrated by human immune deficiencies in which disease pathogenesis is linked to altered adhesion or defective cross-talk between the synaptic partners. The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a severe primary immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp), a scaffold that promotes actin polymerization and links TCR stimulation to T cell activation. Absence or mutations in WASp affects intercellular APC-T cell communications by interfering with multiple mechanisms on both sides of the IS. The warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome is caused by mutations in CXCR4, a chemokine receptor that in mutant form leads to impairment of APC-T cell interactions. Present evidences suggest that other recently characterized primary immune deficiencies caused by mutation in genes linked to actin cytoskeletal reorganization, such as WIP and DOCK8, may also depend on altered synapse stability. Here, we will discuss in details the mechanisms of disturbed APC-T cell interactions in WAS and WHIM. Moreover, we will summarize the evidence pointing to a compromised conjugate formation in WIP, DOCK8, and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Kallikourdis
- Humanitas University , Rozzano , Italy ; Adaptive Immunity Laboratory, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center , Rozzano , Italy
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology , Trieste , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Park EJ, Yuki Y, Kiyono H, Shimaoka M. Structural basis of blocking integrin activation and deactivation for anti-inflammation. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:51. [PMID: 26152212 PMCID: PMC4495637 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins mediate leukocyte accumulation to the sites of inflammation, thereby enhancing their potential as an important therapeutic target for inflammatory disorders. Integrin activation triggered by inflammatory mediators or signaling pathway is a key step to initiate leukocyte migration to inflamed tissues; however, an appropriately regulated integrin deactivation is indispensable for maintaining productive leukocyte migration. While typical integrin antagonists that block integrin activation target the initiation of leukocyte migration, a novel class of experimental compounds has been designed to block integrin deactivation, thereby perturbing the progression of cell migration. Current review discusses the mechanisms by which integrin is activated and subsequently deactivated by focusing on its structure-function relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan. .,Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Yoshikazu Yuki
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kiyono
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan. .,International Research and Development Center for Mucosal Vaccine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Mikucki ME, Fisher DT, Matsuzaki J, Skitzki JJ, Gaulin NB, Muhitch JB, Ku AW, Frelinger JG, Odunsi K, Gajewski TF, Luster AD, Evans SS. Non-redundant requirement for CXCR3 signalling during tumoricidal T-cell trafficking across tumour vascular checkpoints. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7458. [PMID: 26109379 PMCID: PMC4605273 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell trafficking at vascular sites has emerged as a key step in antitumour immunity. Chemokines are credited with guiding the multistep recruitment of CD8(+) T cells across tumour vessels. However, the multiplicity of chemokines within tumours has obscured the contributions of individual chemokine receptor/chemokine pairs to this process. Moreover, recent studies have challenged whether T cells require chemokine receptor signalling at effector sites. Here we investigate the hierarchy of chemokine receptor requirements during T-cell trafficking to murine and human melanoma. These studies reveal a non-redundant role for Gαi-coupled CXCR3 in stabilizing intravascular adhesion and extravasation of adoptively transferred CD8(+) effectors that is indispensable for therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, functional CCR2 and CCR5 on CD8(+) effectors fail to support trafficking despite the presence of intratumoral cognate chemokines. Taken together, these studies identify CXCR3-mediated trafficking at the tumour vascular interface as a critical checkpoint to effective T-cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neoplasms/blood supply
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ME Mikucki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - DT Fisher
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - J Matsuzaki
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JJ Skitzki
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - NB Gaulin
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JB Muhitch
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - AW Ku
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - JG Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center and the Wilmot Cancer Center, Rochester, NY
| | - K Odunsi
- Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| | - TF Gajewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago
| | - AD Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - SS Evans
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Chemokine Transfer by Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Contributes to the Recruitment of CD4+ T Cells into the Murine Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123867. [PMID: 26052942 PMCID: PMC4460118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion and transmigration are central features governing immune surveillance and inflammatory reactions in body tissues. Within the liver sinusoids, chemokines initiate the first crucial step of T-cell migration into the hepatic tissue. We studied molecular mechanisms involved in endothelial chemokine supply during hepatic immune surveillance and liver inflammation and their impact on the recruitment of CD4+ T cells into the liver. In the murine model of Concanavalin A-induced T cell-mediated hepatitis, we showed that hepatic expression of the inflammatory CXC chemokine ligands (CXCL)9 and CXCL10 strongly increased whereas homeostatic CXCL12 significantly decreased. Consistently, CD4+ T cells expressing the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 accumulated within the inflamed liver tissue. In histology, CXCL9 was associated with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) which represent the first contact site for T-cell immigration into the liver. LSEC actively transferred basolaterally internalized CXCL12, CXCL9 and CXCL10 via clathrin-coated vesicles to CD4+ T cells leading to enhanced transmigration of CXCR4+ total CD4+ T cells and CXCR3+ effector/memory CD4+ T cells, respectively in vitro. LSEC-expressed CXCR4 mediated CXCL12 transport and blockage of endothelial CXCR4 inhibited CXCL12-dependent CD4+ T-cell transmigration. In contrast, CXCR3 was not involved in the endothelial transport of its ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10. The clathrin-specific inhibitor chlorpromazine blocked endothelial chemokine internalization and CD4+ T-cell transmigration in vitro as well as migration of CD4+ T cells into the inflamed liver in vivo. Moreover, hepatic accumulation of CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells during T cell-mediated hepatitis was strongly reduced after administration of chlorpromazine. These data demonstrate that LSEC actively provide perivascularly expressed homeostatic and inflammatory chemokines by CXCR4- and clathrin-dependent intracellular transport mechanisms thereby contributing to the hepatic recruitment of CD4+ T-cell populations during immune surveillance and liver inflammation.
Collapse
|
79
|
Muto M, Mori M, Hiwasa T, Takiguchi M, Iwadate Y, Uzawa A, Uchida T, Masuda H, Sugimoto K, Kuwabara S. Novel serum autoantibodies against talin1 in multiple sclerosis: Possible pathogenetic roles of the antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 284:30-6. [PMID: 26025055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), B cell/antibody-related mechanisms have recently received attention. To investigate the role of autoantibody in MS, we performed SEREX which can identify autoantibody cyclopedically. We identified serum antibodies against cytoskeletal protein talin1, and the levels of whom were remarkably higher in 39 MS than 43 normal controls (P < 0.01) and 35 disease controls (P = 0.06), and in MS patients without oligoclonal bands than ones with them. Moreover, we found negative-correlations between serum anti-talin1 antibody and IgG index in MS (P = 0.03). Anti-talin1 antibody exists in MS patients' sera, which may have some protective factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Muto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mori
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takaki Hiwasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaki Takiguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuo Iwadate
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Uzawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Uchida
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Masuda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sugimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Cascio G, Martín-Cófreces NB, Rodríguez-Frade JM, López-Cotarelo P, Criado G, Pablos JL, Rodríguez-Fernández JL, Sánchez-Madrid F, Mellado M. CXCL12 Regulates through JAK1 and JAK2 Formation of Productive Immunological Synapses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5509-19. [PMID: 25917087 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune response requires interaction between T cells and APC to form a specialized structure termed the immune synapse (IS). Although the TCR is essential for IS organization, other factors such as chemokines participate in this process. In this study, we show that the chemokine CXCL12-mediated signaling contributes to correct IS organization and therefore influences T cell activation. CXCR4 downregulation or blockade on T cells caused defective actin polymerization at the contact site with APC, altered microtubule-organizing center polarization and the IS structure, and reduced T cell/APC contact duration. T cell activation was thus inhibited, as shown by reduced expression of CD25 and CD69 markers and of IL-2 mRNA levels. The results indicate that, through Gi and JAK1 and 2 kinases activation, CXCL12 signaling cooperates to build the IS and to maintain adhesive contacts between APC and T cells, required for continuous TCR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Cascio
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noa B Martín-Cófreces
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López-Cotarelo
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Gabriel Criado
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, E-28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L Pablos
- Grupo de Enfermedades Inflamatorias y Autoinmunes, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, E-28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Rodríguez-Fernández
- Departamento de Biología Vascular e Inflamación, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Servicio de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Departamento de Inmunología y Oncología, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Øynebråten I, Barois N, Bergeland T, Küchler AM, Bakke O, Haraldsen G. Oligomerized, filamentous surface presentation of RANTES/CCL5 on vascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9261. [PMID: 25791723 PMCID: PMC4367157 DOI: 10.1038/srep09261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells present luminal chemokines that arrest rolling leukocytes
by activating integrins. It appears that several chemokines must form higher-order
oligomers to elicit proper in vivo effects, as mutants restricted to forming
dimers have lost the ability to recruit leukocytes to sites of inflammation. Here,
we show for the first time that the chemokine RANTES/CCL5 binds to the surface of
human endothelial cells in a regular filamentous pattern. Furthermore, the filaments
bound to the surface in a heparan sulfate-dependent manner. By electron microscopy
we observed labeling for RANTES on membrane projections as well as on the remaining
plasma membrane. Mutant constructs of RANTES restricted either in binding to
heparin, or in forming dimers or tetramers, appeared either in a granular,
non-filamentous pattern or were not detectable on the cell surface. The RANTES
filaments were also present after exposure to flow, suggesting that they can be
present in vivo. Taken together with the lacking in vivo or in
vitro effects of RANTES mutants, we suggest that the filamentous structures
of RANTES may be of physiological importance in leukocyte recruitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inger Øynebråten
- 1] Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway [2] Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, RikshospitaletPO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicolas Barois
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041 Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve Bergeland
- The Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041 Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway
| | - Axel M Küchler
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- 1] Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, RikshospitaletPO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway [2] The Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1041 Blindern, 0316 N-Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- 1] Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway [2] K. G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, University of Oslo, RikshospitaletPO Box 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Hayasaka H, Kobayashi D, Yoshimura H, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Miyasaka M. The HIV-1 Gp120/CXCR4 axis promotes CCR7 ligand-dependent CD4 T cell migration: CCR7 homo- and CCR7/CXCR4 hetero-oligomer formation as a possible mechanism for up-regulation of functional CCR7. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117454. [PMID: 25688986 PMCID: PMC4331524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, enhanced migration of infected cells to lymph nodes leads to efficient propagation of HIV-1. The selective chemokine receptors, including CXCR4 and CCR7, may play a role in this process, yet the viral factors regulating chemokine-dependent T cell migration remain relatively unclear. The functional cooperation between the CXCR4 ligand chemokine CXCL12 and the CCR7 ligand chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 enhances CCR7-dependent T cell motility in vitro as well as cell trafficking into the lymph nodes in vivo. In this study, we report that a recombinant form of a viral CXCR4 ligand, X4-tropic HIV-1 gp120, enhanced the CD4 T cell response to CCR7 ligands in a manner dependent on CXCR4 and CD4, and that this effect was recapitulated by HIV-1 virions. HIV-1 gp120 significantly enhanced CCR7-dependent CD4 T cell migration from the footpad of mice to the draining lymph nodes in in vivo transfer experiments. We also demonstrated that CXCR4 expression is required for stable CCR7 expression on the CD4 T cell surface, whereas CXCR4 signaling facilitated CCR7 ligand binding to the cell surface and increased the level of CCR7 homo- as well as CXCR4/CCR7 hetero-oligomers without affecting CCR7 expression levels. Our findings indicate that HIV-evoked CXCR4 signaling promotes CCR7-dependent CD4 T cell migration by up-regulating CCR7 function, which is likely to be induced by increased formation of CCR7 homo- and CXCR4/CCR7 hetero-oligomers on the surface of CD4 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Hayasaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyasaka
- Institute for Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- MediCity Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Anderson EM, Kwee BJ, Lewin SA, Raimondo T, Mehta M, Mooney DJ. Local delivery of VEGF and SDF enhances endothelial progenitor cell recruitment and resultant recovery from ischemia. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1217-27. [PMID: 25434326 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials may improve outcomes of endothelial progenitor-based therapies for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular disease, due to their ability to direct cell behavior. We hypothesized that local, sustained delivery of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor (SDF) from alginate hydrogels could increase recruitment of systemically infused endothelial progenitors to ischemic tissue, and subsequent neovascularization. VEGF and SDF were found to enhance in vitro adhesion and migration of outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) and circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), two populations of endothelial progenitors, by twofold to sixfold, and nearly doubled recruitment to both ischemic and nonischemic muscle tissue in vivo. Local delivery of VEGF and SDF to ischemic hind-limbs in combination with systemic CAC delivery significantly improved functional perfusion recovery over OEC delivery, or either treatment alone. Compared with OECs, CACs were more responsive to VEGF and SDF treatment, promoted in vitro endothelial sprout formation in a paracrine manner more potently, and demonstrated greater influence on infiltrating inflammatory cells in vivo. These studies demonstrate that accumulation of infused endothelial progenitors can be enriched using biomaterial-based delivery of VEGF and SDF, and emphasize the therapeutic benefit of using CACs for the treatment of ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Anderson
- 1 School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
84
|
The role of fractalkine (CX3CL1) in regulation of CD4(+) cell migration to the central nervous system in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2015; 157:121-32. [PMID: 25596452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fractalkine (CX3CL1) levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), as well as in the CSF and serum samples from patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). A higher percentage of circulating CD4(+) T-cells expressed its surface receptor (CX3CR1) and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) in RRMS patients in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). The CX3CR1(+)ICAM-1(+)CD4(+) T-cells are enriched in the CSF of the RRMS patients. In vitro migration studies revealed that CD4(+) T-cells, which migrated toward a CX3CL1 gradient, expressed higher levels of ICAM-1 than non-migrating cells. CX3CL1 significantly increased IFN-γ and TNF-α gene expression and IFN-γ secretion by CD4(+) T-cells derived from the RRMS patients. CX3CL1 upregulated ICAM-1 expression on the surface of RRMS patient-derived but not HC-derived CD4(+) T-cells. Thus, CX3CL1 induces recruitment of CX3CR1(+)ICAM-1(+)CD4(+) T-cells into the central nervous system (CNS) during the early inflammatory response in MS.
Collapse
|
85
|
Mitroulis I, Alexaki VI, Kourtzelis I, Ziogas A, Hajishengallis G, Chavakis T. Leukocyte integrins: role in leukocyte recruitment and as therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 147:123-135. [PMID: 25448040 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection or sterile inflammation triggers site-specific attraction of leukocytes. Leukocyte recruitment is a process comprising several steps orchestrated by adhesion molecules, chemokines, cytokines and endogenous regulatory molecules. Distinct adhesive interactions between endothelial cells and leukocytes and signaling mechanisms contribute to the temporal and spatial fine-tuning of the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Central players in the leukocyte adhesion cascade include the leukocyte adhesion receptors of the β2-integrin family, such as the αLβ2 and αMβ2 integrins, or of the β1-integrin family, such as the α4β1-integrin. Given the central involvement of leukocyte recruitment in different inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, the leukocyte adhesion cascade in general, and leukocyte integrins in particular, represent key therapeutic targets. In this context, the present review focuses on the role of leukocyte integrins in the leukocyte adhesion cascade. Experimental evidence that has implicated leukocyte integrins as targets in animal models of inflammatory disorders, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, psoriasis, inflammatory bone loss and inflammatory bowel disease as well as preclinical and clinical therapeutic applications of antibodies that target leukocyte integrins in various inflammatory disorders are presented. Finally, we review recent findings on endogenous inhibitors that modify leukocyte integrin function, which could emerge as promising therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mitroulis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasileia I Alexaki
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanassios Ziogas
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry and Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Abeynaike LD, Deane JA, Westhorpe CLV, Chow Z, Alikhan MA, Kitching AR, Issekutz A, Hickey MJ. Regulatory T cells dynamically regulate selectin ligand function during multiple challenge contact hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:4934-44. [PMID: 25274531 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play critical roles in restricting T cell-mediated inflammation. In the skin, this is dependent on expression of selectin ligands required for leukocyte rolling in dermal microvessels. However, whether there are differences in the molecules used by Tregs and proinflammatory T cells to undergo rolling in the skin remains unclear. In this study, we used spinning disk confocal microscopy in Foxp3-GFP mice to visualize rolling of endogenous Tregs in dermal postcapillary venules. Tregs underwent consistent but low-frequency rolling interactions under resting and inflamed conditions. At the early stage of the response, Treg adhesion was minimal. However, at the peak of inflammation, Tregs made up 40% of the adherent CD4(+) T cell population. In a multiple challenge model of contact hypersensitivity, rolling of Tregs and conventional CD4(+) T cells was mostly dependent on overlapping contributions of P- and E-selectin. However, after a second challenge, rolling of Tregs but not conventional CD4(+) T cells became P-selectin independent, and Tregs showed reduced capacity to bind P-selectin. Moreover, inhibition of E-selectin at this time point resulted in exacerbation of inflammation. These findings demonstrate that in this multiple challenge model of inflammation, Treg selectin binding capacity and the molecular basis of Treg rolling can be regulated dynamically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latasha D Abeynaike
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - James A Deane
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Clare L V Westhorpe
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Zachary Chow
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maliha A Alikhan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew Issekutz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3K 6R8; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2; and Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Michael J Hickey
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Borgman KJE, van Zanten TS, Manzo C, Cabezón R, Cambi A, Benítez-Ribas D, Garcia-Parajo MF. Priming by chemokines restricts lateral mobility of the adhesion receptor LFA-1 and restores adhesion to ICAM-1 nano-aggregates on human mature dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99589. [PMID: 24945611 PMCID: PMC4063950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
LFA-1 is a leukocyte specific β2 integrin that plays a major role in regulating adhesion and migration of different immune cells. Recent data suggest that LFA-1 on mature dendritic cells (mDCs) may function as a chemokine-inducible anchor during homing of DCs through the afferent lymphatics into the lymph nodes, by transiently switching its molecular conformational state. However, the role of LFA-1 mobility in this process is not yet known, despite that the importance of lateral organization and dynamics for LFA-1-mediated adhesion regulation is broadly recognized. Using single particle tracking approaches we here show that LFA-1 exhibits higher mobility on resting mDCs compared to monocytes. Lymphoid chemokine CCL21 stimulation of the LFA-1 high affinity state on mDCs, led to a significant reduction of mobility and an increase on the fraction of stationary receptors, consistent with re-activation of the receptor. Addition of soluble monomeric ICAM-1 in the presence of CCL21 did not alter the diffusion profile of LFA-1 while soluble ICAM-1 nano-aggregates in the presence of CCL21 further reduced LFA-1 mobility and readily bound to the receptor. Overall, our results emphasize the importance of LFA-1 lateral mobility across the membrane on the regulation of integrin activation and its function as adhesion receptor. Importantly, our data show that chemokines alone are not sufficient to trigger the high affinity state of the integrin based on the strict definition that affinity refers to the adhesion capacity of a single receptor to its ligand in solution. Instead our data indicate that nanoclustering of the receptor, induced by multi-ligand binding, is required to maintain stable cell adhesion once LFA-1 high affinity state is transiently triggered by inside-out signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Cabezón
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Benítez-Ribas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and Centre Esther Koplowitz, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria F. Garcia-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Shim SH, Kim DS, Cho W, Nam JH. Coxsackievirus B3 regulates T-cell infiltration into the heart by lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 activation via the cAMP/Rap1 axis. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2010-2018. [PMID: 24920725 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.065755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection can trigger myocarditis and can ultimately lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. It is known that CVB3-induced T-cell infiltration into cardiac tissues is one of the pathological factors causing cardiomyocyte injury by inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism for this remains unclear. We investigated the mechanism of T-cell infiltration by two types of CVB3: the H3 WT strain and the YYFF attenuated strain. T-cell activation was confirmed by changes in the distribution of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1). Finally, we identified which viral gene was responsible for LFA-1 activation. CVB3 could infect and activate T-cells in vivo and in vitro, and activated T-cells were detected in CVB3-infected mouse hearts. LFA-1 expressed on the surface of these T-cells had been activated through the cAMP/Rap1 pathway. Recombinant lentiviruses expressing VP2 of CVB3 could also induce LFA-1 activation via an increase in cAMP, whilst VP2 of YYFF did not. These results indicated that CVB3 infection increased cAMP levels and then activated Rap1 in T-cells. In particular, VP2, among the CVB3 proteins, might be critical for this activation. This VP2-cAMP-Rap1-LFA-1 axis could be a potential therapeutic target for treating CVB3-induced myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Whajung Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok 2-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, 420-743, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Allocca M, Fiorino G, Vermeire S, Reinisch W, Cataldi F, Danese S. Blockade of lymphocyte trafficking in inflammatory bowel diseases therapy: importance of specificity of endothelial target. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:885-95. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.917962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
90
|
Bu W, Pereira LM, Eckenhoff RG, Yuki K. Stereoselectivity of isoflurane in adhesion molecule leukocyte function-associated antigen-1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96649. [PMID: 24801074 PMCID: PMC4011845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflurane in clinical use is a racemate of S- and R-isoflurane. Previous studies have demonstrated that the effects of S-isoflurane on relevant anesthetic targets might be modestly stronger (less than 2-fold) than R-isoflurane. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the immunological target, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with racemic isoflurane suggested that only S-isoflurane bound specifically to this protein. If so, the use of specific isoflurane enantiomers may have advantage in the surgical settings where a wide range of inflammatory responses is expected to occur. Here, we have further tested the hypothesis that isoflurane enantioselectivity is apparent in solution binding and functional studies. METHODS First, binding of isoflurane enantiomers to LFA-1 was studied using 1-aminoanthracene (1-AMA) displacement assays. The binding site of each enantiomer on LFA-1 was studied using the docking program GLIDE. Functional studies employed the flow-cytometry based ICAM binding assay. RESULTS Both enantiomers decreased 1-AMA fluorescence signal (at 520 nm), indicating that both competed with 1-AMA and bound to the αL I domain. The docking simulation demonstrated that both enantiomers bound to the LFA-1 "lovastatin site." ICAM binding assays showed that S-isoflurane inhibited more potently than R-isoflurane, consistent with the result of 1-AMA competition assay. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with the x-ray crystallography, both enantiomers bound to and inhibited LFA-1. S-isoflurane showed slight preference over R-isoflurane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Luis M. Pereira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roderic G. Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Sen M, Yuki K, Springer TA. An internal ligand-bound, metastable state of a leukocyte integrin, αXβ2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 203:629-42. [PMID: 24385486 PMCID: PMC3840939 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201308083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of a metastable, internal ligand-bound conformation of the αXβ2 integrin suggests it enables rapid equilibration between the bent-closed and extended-open conformational states. How is massive conformational change in integrins achieved on a rapid timescale? We report crystal structures of a metastable, putative transition state of integrin αXβ2. The αXβ2 ectodomain is bent; however, a lattice contact stabilizes its ligand-binding αI domain in a high affinity, open conformation. Much of the αI α7 helix unwinds, loses contact with the αI domain, and reshapes to form an internal ligand that binds to the interface between the β propeller and βI domains. Lift-off of the αI domain above this platform enables a range of extensional and rotational motions without precedent in allosteric machines. Movements of secondary structure elements in the β2 βI domain occur in an order different than in β3 integrins, showing that integrin β subunits can be specialized to assume different intermediate states between closed and open. Mutations demonstrate that the structure trapped here is metastable and can enable rapid equilibration between bent and extended-open integrin conformations and up-regulation of leukocyte adhesiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sen
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 2 Department of Medicine, 3 Department of Anethesiology, 4 Children's Hospital Boston, and 5 Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Kulpa DA, Brehm JH, Fromentin R, Cooper A, Cooper C, Ahlers J, Chomont N, Sékaly RP. The immunological synapse: the gateway to the HIV reservoir. Immunol Rev 2014; 254:305-25. [PMID: 23772628 PMCID: PMC3707302 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of a cure for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been the incomplete understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy. It is now realized that the establishment of a latently infected reservoir refractory to immune system recognition has thus far hindered eradication efforts. Recent investigation into the innate immune response has shed light on signaling pathways downstream of the immunological synapse critical for T-cell activation and establishment of T-cell memory. This has led to the understanding that the cell-to-cell contacts observed in an immunological synapse that involve the CD4+ T cell and antigen-presenting cell or T-cell–T-cell interactions enhance efficient viral spread and facilitate the induction and maintenance of latency in HIV-infected memory T cells. This review focuses on recent work characterizing the immunological synapse and the signaling pathways involved in T-cell activation and gene regulation in the context of HIV persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deanna A Kulpa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute-Florida (VGTI-FL), Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
The cytokine midkine supports neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation by promoting adhesion via β2 integrins (CD11/CD18). Blood 2014; 123:1887-96. [PMID: 24458438 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-06-510875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role of the cytokine midkine (MK) in inflammation. In this study, its functional relevance for recruitment of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) during acute inflammation was investigated. Intravital microscopy and histologic analysis of tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated cremaster muscle venules revealed severely compromised leukocyte adhesion and extravasation in MK(-/-) mice compared with MK(+/+) animals. Systemic administration of recombinant MK completely rescued the adhesion defect in MK(-/-) mice. In a hind limb ischemia model, leukocyte accumulation in MK(-/-) mice was significantly diminished compared with MK(+/+) animals. However, MK did not lead to an inflammatory activation of PMNs or endothelial cells suggesting that it does not serve as classical proinflammatory cytokine. Unexpectedly, immobilized MK mediated PMN adhesion under static and flow conditions, whereas PMN-derived MK was dispensable for the induction of adhesion. Furthermore, adhesion strengthening remained unaffected by MK. Flow cytometry revealed that immobilized, but not soluble MK, significantly promoted the high affinity conformation of β2 integrins of PMNs. Blocking studies of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) suggested that LRP1 may act as a receptor for MK on PMNs. Thus, MK seems to support PMN adhesion by promoting the high affinity conformation of β2 integrins, thereby facilitating PMN trafficking during acute inflammation.
Collapse
|
94
|
Dimasi D, Sun WY, Bonder CS. Neutrophil interactions with the vascular endothelium. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:1167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
95
|
Brackett CM, Muhitch JB, Evans SS, Gollnick SO. IL-17 promotes neutrophil entry into tumor-draining lymph nodes following induction of sterile inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4348-57. [PMID: 24026079 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood-borne neutrophils are excluded from entering lymph nodes across vascular portals termed high endothelial venules (HEVs) because of lack of expression of the CCR7 homeostatic chemokine receptor. Induction of sterile inflammation increases neutrophil entry into tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs), which is critical for induction of antitumor adaptive immunity following treatments such as photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, the mechanisms controlling neutrophil entry into TDLNs remain unclear. Prior evidence that IL-17 promotes neutrophil emigration to sites of infection via induction of CXCL2 and CXCL1 inflammatory chemokines raised the question of whether IL-17 contributes to chemokine-dependent trafficking in TDLNs. In this article, we demonstrate rapid accumulation of IL-17-producing Th17 cells in the TDLNs following induction of sterile inflammation by PDT. We further report that nonhematopoietic expression of IL-17RA regulates neutrophil accumulation in TDLNs following induction of sterile inflammation by PDT. We show that HEVs are the major route of entry of blood-borne neutrophils into TDLNs through interactions of l-selectin with HEV-expressed peripheral lymph node addressin and by preferential interactions between CXCR2 and CXCL2 but not CXCL1. CXCL2 induction in TDLNs was mapped in a linear pathway downstream of IL-17RA-dependent induction of IL-1β. These results define a novel IL-17-dependent mechanism promoting neutrophil delivery across HEVs in TDLNs during acute inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Brackett
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
96
|
Azcutia V, Routledge M, Williams MR, Newton G, Frazier WA, Manica A, Croce KJ, Parkos CA, Schmider AB, Turman MV, Soberman RJ, Luscinskas FW. CD47 plays a critical role in T-cell recruitment by regulation of LFA-1 and VLA-4 integrin adhesive functions. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3358-68. [PMID: 24006483 PMCID: PMC3814154 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-01-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD47 plays an important but incompletely understood role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. CD47, also called integrin-associated protein, has been demonstrated to associate in cis with β1 and β3 integrins. Here we test the hypothesis that CD47 regulates adhesive functions of T-cell α4β1 (VLA-4) and αLβ2 (LFA-1) in in vivo and in vitro models of inflammation. Intravital microscopy studies reveal that CD47(-/-) Th1 cells exhibit reduced interactions with wild-type (WT) inflamed cremaster muscle microvessels. Similarly, murine CD47(-/-) Th1 cells, as compared with WT, showed defects in adhesion and transmigration across tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-activated murine endothelium and in adhesion to immobilized intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion protein 1 (VCAM-1) under flow conditions. Human Jurkat T-cells lacking CD47 also showed reduced adhesion to TNF-α-activated endothelium and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In cis interactions between Jurkat T-cell β2 integrins and CD47 were detected by fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Unexpectedly, Jurkat CD47 null cells exhibited a striking defect in β1 and β2 integrin activation in response to Mn(2+) or Mg(2+)/ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid treatment. Our results demonstrate that CD47 associates with β2 integrins and is necessary to induce high-affinity conformations of LFA-1 and VLA-4 that recognize their endothelial cell ligands and support leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Azcutia
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre 90010-395, Brazil Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 Division of Gastrointestinal Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Yuki K, Bu W, Xi J, Shimaoka M, Eckenhoff R. Propofol shares the binding site with isoflurane and sevoflurane on leukocyte function-associated antigen-1. Anesth Analg 2013; 117:803-811. [PMID: 23960033 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182a00ae0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously demonstrated that propofol interacted with the leukocyte adhesion molecule leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and inhibited the production of interleukin-2 via LFA-1 in a dependent manner. However, the binding site(s) of propofol on LFA-1 remains unknown. METHODS First, the inhibition of LFA-1's ligand binding by propofol was confirmed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ELISA-type assay. The binding site of propofol on LFA-1 was probed with a photolabeling experiment using a photoactivatable propofol analog called azi-propofol-m. The adducted residues of LFA-1 by this compound were determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, the binding of propofol to the ligand-binding domain of LFA-1 was examined using 1-aminoanthracene (1-AMA) displacement assay. Furthermore, the binding site(s) of 1-AMA and propofol on LFA-1 was studied using the docking program GLIDE. RESULTS We demonstrated that propofol impaired the binding of LFA-1 to its ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The photolabeling experiment demonstrated that the adducted residues were localized in the allosteric cavity of the ligand-binding domain of LFA-1 called "lovastatin site." The shift of fluorescence spectra was observed when 1-AMA was coincubated with the low-affinity conformer of LFA-1 ligand-binding domain (wild-type [WT] αL I domain), not with the high-affinity conformer, suggesting that 1-AMA bound only to WT αL I domain. In the 1-AMA displacement assay, propofol decreased 1-AMA fluorescence signal (at 520 nm), suggesting that propofol competed with 1-AMA and bound to the WT αL I domain. The docking simulation demonstrated that both 1-AMA and propofol bound to the lovastatin site, which agreed with the photolabeling experiment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that propofol bound to the lovastatin site in LFA-1. Previously we showed that the volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane bound to this site. Taken together, the lovastatin site is an example of the common binding sites for anesthetics currently used clinically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Shamri R, Young KM, Weller PF. PI3K, ERK, p38 MAPK and integrins regulate CCR3-mediated secretion of mouse and human eosinophil-associated RNases. Allergy 2013; 68:880-9. [PMID: 23742707 DOI: 10.1111/all.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophils have the capacity to secrete varied cytotoxic proteins. Among the proteins are the eosinophil-associated RNases (EARs): the human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and eosinophilic cationic protein, and their murine ortholog EARs, which have been shown to be involved in host defense, tissue remodeling, and immunity regulation. However, the signal transduction that regulates EARs secretion in response to physiological stimuli, such as chemokines, has been little studied in human and scarcely in mouse eosinophils, the foremost animal model for eosinophil-associated human diseases. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to understand the signal transduction involved in the secretion of enzymatically active EARs following chemokine stimulation. METHODS Fresh mouse and human eosinophils were stimulated with CCL11 and CCL24, and the secretion of enzymatically active EARs was detected using an RNase activity assay. The involvement of signaling factors or integrins was probed using specific inhibitors and blocking antibodies. Adhesion was evaluated by microscopy. RESULTS We found that secretion of mouse EARs in response to CCL11 and CCL24 was Gαi -dependent. Both mouse and human eosinophils required the activation of PI3K, ERK, and p38 MAPK. In addition, the adhesion molecules β1 and β2 integrins were found to be crucial for EAR secretion, and we suggest a mechanism in which spreading is obligatory for EAR secretion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest a common CCR3-mediated signaling pathway that leads to EAR secretion in both mouse and human eosinophils. These findings are applicable for eosinophil-mediated host defense and eosinophil-associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Shamri
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston; MA; USA
| | - K. M. Young
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston; MA; USA
| | - P. F. Weller
- Division of Allergy and Inflammation; Department of Medicine; Harvard Medical School; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Boston; MA; USA
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Philipsen L, Engels T, Schilling K, Gurbiel S, Fischer KD, Tedford K, Schraven B, Gunzer M, Reichardt P. Multimolecular analysis of stable immunological synapses reveals sustained recruitment and sequential assembly of signaling clusters. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2551-67. [PMID: 23754785 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.025205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the immunological synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC) begins within minutes of contact and can take hours for full T-cell activation. Although early phases of the synapse have been extensively studied for a select number of proteins, later phases have not yet been examined in detail. We studied the signaling network in stable synapses by measuring the simultaneous localization of 25 signaling and structural molecules over 2 h at the level of individual synapses using multi-epitope ligand cartography (MELC). Signaling proteins including phospho(p)ZAP70, pSLP76, pCD3ζ, and pLAT, along with proteins that influence synapse structure such as F-actin, tubulin, CD45, and ICAM-1, were localized in images of synapses and revealed the multidimensional construction of a mature synapse. The construction of the stable synapse included intense early TCR signaling, a phase of recruitment of structural proteins, and a sustained increase in signaling molecules and colocalization of TCR and pLAT signaling clusters in the center of the synapse. Consolidation of TCR and associated proteins resulted in formation of a small number of discrete synaptic microclusters. Development of synapses and cSMAC composition was greatly affected by the absence of Vav1, with an associated loss in PLCγ1 recruitment, pSLP76, and increased CXCR4. Together, these data demonstrate the use of multi-epitope ligand cartography to quantitatively analyze synapse formation and reveal successive recruitment of structural and signaling proteins and sustained phosphorylation at the mature synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Philipsen
- Otto von Guericke University, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
100
|
Pérez-Rivero G, Cascio G, Soriano SF, Sanz ÁG, de Guinoa JS, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Gomariz RP, Holgado BL, Cabañas C, Carrasco YR, Stein JV, Mellado M. Janus kinases 1 and 2 regulate chemokine-mediated integrin activation and naïve T-cell homing. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:1745-57. [PMID: 23526587 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are central signaling molecules in cytokine receptor cascades. Although they have also been implicated in chemokine receptor signaling, this function continues to be debated. To address this issue, we established a nucleofection model in primary, nonactivated mouse T lymphocytes to silence JAK expression and to evaluate the ability of these cells to home to lymph nodes. Reduced JAK1 and JAK2 expression impaired naïve T-cell migration in response to gradients of the chemokines CXCL12 and CCL21. In vivo homing of JAK1/JAK2-deficient cells to lymph nodes decreased, whereas intranodal localization and motility were unaffected. JAK1 and JAK2 defects altered CXCL12- and CCL21-triggered ezrin/radixin/moesin (ERM) dephosphorylation and F-actin polymerization, as well as activation of lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 and very late Ag-4 integrins. As a result, the cells did not adhere firmly to integrin substrates in response to these chemokines. The results demonstrate that JAK1/JAK2 participate in chemokine-induced integrin activation and might be considered a target for modulation of immune cell extravasation and therefore, control of inflammatory reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pérez-Rivero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|