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A functional SUMO-motif in the active site of PIM1 promotes its degradation via RNF4, and stimulates protein kinase activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3598. [PMID: 28620180 PMCID: PMC5472562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03775-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM1 serine/threonine protein kinase mediates growth factor and survival signalling, and cooperates potently with c-MYC during tumorigenesis. PIM1 is overexpressed in many human cancers and is a promising target for drug development. PIM1 levels are regulated mainly through cytokine-induced transcription and protein degradation, but mechanisms regulating its activity and levels remain largely unexplored. Here, we show that PIM1 is modified in vitro and in cultured cells by the Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) on two independent sites: K169, within a consensus SUMOylation motif (IK169DE171) in the active site of PIM1, and also at a second promiscuous site. Alanine substitution of E171 (within the consensus motif) abolished SUMOylation, significantly increased the half-life of PIM1, and markedly reduced its ubiquitylation. Mechanistically, SUMOylation promoted ubiquitin-mediated degradation of PIM1 via recruitment of the SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase, RNF4. Additionally, SUMOylated PIM1 showed enhanced protein kinase activity in vitro. Interestingly, the E171A mutant was active in vitro but displayed altered substrate specificity in cultured cells, consistent with the idea that SUMOylation may govern PIM1 substrate specificity under certain contexts. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the protein kinase activity and levels of PIM1 can be regulated by a covalent post-translational modification.
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52
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Liu N, Wang BJ, Broughton KM, Alvarez R, Siddiqi S, Loaiza R, Nguyen N, Quijada P, Gude N, Sussman MA. PIM1-minicircle as a therapeutic treatment for myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173963. [PMID: 28323876 PMCID: PMC5360264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PIM1, a pro-survival gene encoding a serine/ threonine kinase, influences cell proliferation and survival. Modification of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) or cardiomyocytes with PIM1 using a lentivirus-based delivery method showed long-term improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). However, lentivirus based delivery methods have stringent FDA regulation with respect to clinical trials. To provide an alternative and low risk PIM1 delivery method, this study examined the use of a non-viral modified plasmid-minicircle (MC) as a vehicle to deliver PIM1 into mouse CPCs (mCPCs) in vitro and the myocardium in vivo. MC containing a turbo gfp reporter gene (gfp-MC) was used as a transfection and injection control. PIM1 was subcloned into gfp-MC (PIM1-MC) and then transfected into mCPCs at an efficiency of 29.4±3.7%. PIM1-MC engineered mCPCs (PIM1-mCPCs) exhibit significantly (P<0.05) better survival rate under oxidative treatment. PIM1-mCPCs also exhibit 1.9±0.1 and 2.2±0.2 fold higher cell proliferation at 3 and 5 days post plating, respectively, as compared to gfp-MC transfected mCPCs control. PIM1-MC was injected directly into ten-week old adult FVB female mice hearts in the border zone immediately after MI. Delivery of PIM1 into myocardium was confirmed by GFP+ cardiomyocytes. Mice with PIM1-MC injection showed increased protection compared to gfp-MC injection groups measured by ejection fraction at 3 and 7 days post injury (P = 0.0379 and P = 0.0262 by t-test, respectively). Success of PIM1 delivery and integration into mCPCs in vitro and cardiomyocytes in vivo by MC highlights the possibility of a non-cell based therapeutic approach for treatment of ischemic heart disease and MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Bingyan J. Wang
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Broughton
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rebeca Loaiza
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nicky Nguyen
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Pearl Quijada
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Natalie Gude
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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53
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Sun X, Han Q, Luo H, Pan X, Ji Y, Yang Y, Chen H, Wang F, Lai W, Guan X, Zhang Q, Tang Y, Chu J, Yu J, Shou W, Deng Y, Li X. Profiling analysis of long non-coding RNAs in early postnatal mouse hearts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43485. [PMID: 28266538 PMCID: PMC5339910 DOI: 10.1038/srep43485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian cardiomyocytes undergo a critical hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition at early postnatal age, which is important in establishing normal physiological function of postnatal hearts. In the current study, we intended to explore the role of long non-coding (lnc) RNAs in this transitional stage. We analyzed lncRNA expression profiles in mouse hearts at postnatal day (P) 1, P7 and P28 via microarray. We identified 1,146 differentially expressed lncRNAs with more than 2.0-fold change when compared the expression profiles of P1 to P7, P1 to P28, and P7 to P28. The neighboring genes of these differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly involved in DNA replication-associated biological processes. We were particularly interested in one novel cardiac-enriched lncRNA, ENSMUST00000117266, whose expression was dramatically down-regulated from P1 to P28 and was also sensitive to hypoxia, paraquat, and myocardial infarction. Knockdown ENSMUST00000117266 led to a significant increase of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes in G0/G1 phase and reduction in G2/M phase, suggesting that ENSMUST00000117266 is involved in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferative activity and is likely associated with hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition. In conclusion, our data have identified a large group of lncRNAs presented in the early postnatal mouse heart. Some of these lncRNAs may have important functions in cardiac hyperplastic-to-hypertrophic growth transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongshan Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqin Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanying Chen
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Chu
- Suzhou Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Weinian Shou
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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54
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Bataille CJR, Brennan MB, Byrne S, Davies SG, Durbin M, Fedorov O, Huber KVM, Jones AM, Knapp S, Liu G, Nadali A, Quevedo CE, Russell AJ, Walker RG, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Thiazolidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of the PIM kinase family. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2657-2665. [PMID: 28341403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The PIM family of serine/threonine kinases have become an attractive target for anti-cancer drug development, particularly for certain hematological malignancies. Here, we describe the discovery of a series of inhibitors of the PIM kinase family using a high throughput screening strategy. Through a combination of molecular modeling and optimization studies, the intrinsic potencies and molecular properties of this series of compounds was significantly improved. An excellent pan-PIM isoform inhibition profile was observed across the series, while optimized examples show good selectivity over other kinases. Two PIM-expressing leukemic cancer cell lines, MV4-11 and K562, were employed to evaluate the in vitro anti-proliferative effects of selected inhibitors. Encouraging activities were observed for many examples, with the best example (44) giving an IC50 of 0.75μM against the K562 cell line. These data provide a promising starting point for further development of this series as a new cancer therapy through PIM kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole J R Bataille
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Méabh B Brennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Simon Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stephen G Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Matthew Durbin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Kilian V M Huber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alan M Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Gu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anna Nadali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Camilo E Quevedo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
| | - Roderick G Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Robert Westwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Graham M Wynne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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55
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Der Sarkissian S, Lévesque T, Noiseux N. Optimizing stem cells for cardiac repair: Current status and new frontiers in regenerative cardiology. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:9-25. [PMID: 28154736 PMCID: PMC5253186 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy has the potential to improve healing of ischemic heart, repopulate injured myocardium and restore cardiac function. The tremendous hope and potential of stem cell therapy is well understood, yet recent trials involving cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases have yielded mixed results with inconsistent data thereby readdressing controversies and unresolved questions regarding stem cell efficacy for ischemic cardiac disease treatment. These controversies are believed to arise by the lack of uniformity of the clinical trial methodologies, uncertainty regarding the underlying reparative mechanisms of stem cells, questions concerning the most appropriate cell population to use, the proper delivery method and timing in relation to the moment of infarction, as well as the poor stem cell survival and engraftment especially in a diseased microenvironment which is collectively acknowledged as a major hindrance to any form of cell therapy. Indeed, the microenvironment of the failing heart exhibits pathological hypoxic, oxidative and inflammatory stressors impairing the survival of transplanted cells. Therefore, in order to observe any significant therapeutic benefit there is a need to increase resilience of stem cells to death in the transplant microenvironment while preserving or better yet improving their reparative functionality. Although stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes has been observed in some instance, the prevailing reparative benefits are afforded through paracrine mechanisms that promote angiogenesis, cell survival, transdifferentiate host cells and modulate immune responses. Therefore, to maximize their reparative functionality, ex vivo manipulation of stem cells through physical, genetic and pharmacological means have shown promise to enable cells to thrive in the post-ischemic transplant microenvironment. In the present work, we will overview the current status of stem cell therapy for ischemic heart disease, discuss the most recurring cell populations employed, the mechanisms by which stem cells deliver a therapeutic benefit and strategies that have been used to optimize and increase survival and functionality of stem cells including ex vivo preconditioning with drugs and a novel “pharmaco-optimizer” as well as genetic modifications.
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56
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Chen K, Yang J, Li J, Wang X, Chen Y, Huang S, Chen JL. eIF4B is a convergent target and critical effector of oncogenic Pim and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in Abl transformants. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10073-89. [PMID: 26848623 PMCID: PMC4891105 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of eIF4B correlates with Abl-mediated cellular transformation, but the precise mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we show that eIF4B is a convergent substrate of JAK/STAT/Pim and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in Abl transformants. Both pathways phosphorylated eIF4B in Abl-transformed cells, and such redundant regulation was responsible for the limited effect of single inhibitor on Abl oncogenicity. Persistent inhibition of one signaling pathway induced the activation of the other pathway and thereby restored the phosphorylation levels of eIF4B. Simultaneous inhibition of the two pathways impaired eIF4B phosphorylation more effectively, and synergistically induced apoptosis in Abl transformed cells and inhibited the growth of engrafted tumors in nude mice. Similarly, the survival of Abl transformants exhibited a higher sensitivity to the pharmacological inhibition, when combined with the shRNA-based silence of the other pathway. Interestingly, such synergy was dependent on the phosphorylation status of eIF4B on Ser422, as overexpression of eIF4B phosphomimetic mutant S422E in the transformants greatly attenuated the synergistic effects of these inhibitors on Abl oncogenicity. In contrast, eIF4B knockdown sensitized Abl transformants to undergo apoptosis induced by the combined blockage. Collectively, the results indicate that eIF4B integrates the signals from Pim and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in Abl-expressing leukemic cells, and is a promising therapeutic target for such cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianling Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.,Key Laboratory of Immune Mechanism and Intervention on Serious Disease in Hebei Province, Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Jianning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100101, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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57
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Broughton KM, Sussman MA. Myocardial Regeneration for Humans ― Modifying Biology and Manipulating Evolution ―. Circ J 2017; 81:142-148. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M. Broughton
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
| | - Mark A. Sussman
- San Diego State University Heart Institute and the Integrated Regenerative Research Institute
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58
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Weeks KL, Bernardo BC, Ooi JYY, Patterson NL, McMullen JR. The IGF1-PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway in Mediating Exercise-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Protection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1000:187-210. [PMID: 29098623 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4304-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity or exercise training can lead to heart enlargement known as cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy is broadly defined as an increase in heart mass. In adults, cardiac hypertrophy is often considered a poor prognostic sign because it often progresses to heart failure. Heart enlargement in a setting of cardiac disease is referred to as pathological cardiac hypertrophy and is typically characterized by cell death and depressed cardiac function. By contrast, physiological cardiac hypertrophy, as occurs in response to chronic exercise training (i.e. the 'athlete's heart'), is associated with normal or enhanced cardiac function. The following chapter describes the morphologically distinct types of heart growth, and the key role of the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) - phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway in regulating exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac protection. Finally we summarize therapeutic approaches that target the IGF1-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway which are showing promise in preclinical models of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Bianca C Bernardo
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jenny Y Y Ooi
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Natalie L Patterson
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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59
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Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9583268. [PMID: 28101515 PMCID: PMC5215135 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9583268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, the number 1 cause of death worldwide, are frequently associated with apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes. Since cardiomyocyte apoptosis is a highly regulated process, pharmacological intervention of apoptosis pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for a number of cardiovascular diseases and disorders including myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, chemotherapy cardiotoxicity, and end-stage heart failure. Despite rapid growth of our knowledge in apoptosis signaling pathways, a clinically applicable treatment targeting this cellular process is currently unavailable. To help identify potential innovative directions for future research, it is necessary to have a full understanding of the apoptotic pathways currently known to be functional in cardiac myocytes. Here, we summarize recent progress in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by multiple signaling molecules and pathways, with a focus on the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of heart disease. In addition, we provide an update regarding bench to bedside translation of this knowledge and discuss unanswered questions that need further investigation.
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60
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Lipina C, Hundal HS. Is REDD1 a Metabolic Éminence Grise? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:868-880. [PMID: 27613400 PMCID: PMC5119498 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regulated in development and DNA damage response 1 (REDD1) has been functionally linked to the control of diverse cellular processes due, at least in part, to its ability to repress mammalian or mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complex-1 (mTORC1), a key protein complex controlled by hormonal and nutrient cues. Notably, emerging evidence suggests that REDD1 also regulates several pathways involved in modulating energy balance and metabolism. Herein, we discuss evidence implicating REDD1 as a key modulator of insulin action and metabolic function, including its potential contribution to mitochondrial biology and pancreatic islet function. Collectively, the available evidence suggests that REDD1 has a more prominent role in energy homeostasis than was previously thought, and implicates REDD1 as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Harinder S Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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61
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Hinkel R. Pim1 Overexpressing ckit+ Cardiac Stem Cells in Cardiac Regeneration. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 68:2465-2466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.09.924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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62
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63
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Wu YB, Lu D, He ZF, Jin CG. PIM1 polymorphism and PIM1 expression as predisposing factors of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Asian population. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:2919-25. [PMID: 27274285 PMCID: PMC4876089 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s103392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify the association between a PIM1 polymorphism and PIM1 expression levels with clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). A total of 168 patients with ESCC were recruited as the case group, and 180 healthy individuals were included as the control group. Polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing was employed to analyze all genotypes containing the PIM1 -1 882 A>T mutation. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect PIM1 expression. The distributions of genotype AA and allele A of PIM1 -1 882 A>T were higher in the case group than in the control group (both P<0.05). AT + TT carriers had a lower risk of ESCC than AA carriers (P<0.05). PIM1 polymorphism was related to the invasion depth, degree of differentiation, and lymphatic metastasis of ESCC (P<0.05). PIM1 expression was associated with lymphatic metastasis of ESCC and PIM1 polymorphism (both P<0.05). PIM1 -1 882 A>T and the overexpression of PIM1 were associated with the clinicopathological features of ESCC, and PIM1 -1 882 A>T may help to reduce the risk of ESCC in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bo Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chan-Guan Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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64
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Siragusa M, Fleming I. The eNOS signalosome and its link to endothelial dysfunction. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1125-1137. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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65
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Favreau-Lessard AJ, Ryzhov S, Sawyer DB. Novel Biological Therapies Targeting Heart Failure: Myocardial Rejuvenation. Heart Fail Clin 2016; 12:461-71. [PMID: 27371521 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recovery of ventricular function occurs in a subset of patients with advanced heart failure treated with medical and/or mechanical therapy. Finding strategies that induce ventricular recovery through induction of repair, regeneration, or "rejuvenation" is a long-sought goal of research programs. Cell-based strategies, use of recombinant growth and survival factors, and gene delivery are under investigation. In this brief article we highlight a few of the biological approaches in development to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Favreau-Lessard
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Douglas B Sawyer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Maine Medical Center, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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Zhang Y, Lei W, Yan W, Li X, Wang X, Zhao Z, Hui J, Shen Z, Yang J. microRNA-206 is involved in survival of hypoxia preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells through targeting Pim-1 kinase. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:61. [PMID: 27103465 PMCID: PMC4840980 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of Pim-1 in stem/progenitor cells stimulated cell cycling and enhanced cardiac regeneration in vivo. We proposed that hypoxic preconditioning could increase survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via upregulation of Pim-1 and aimed to determine the microRNAs that modulate the expression of Pim-1. Methods and results MSCs were subjected to hypoxia exposure. The expression of Pim-1 in MSCs was enhanced in a time-dependent manner, detected by quantitative PCR and western blot. miR-206 is predicted as one of the potential microRNAs that target Pim-1. The expression of miR-206 was decreased in hypoxic MSCs and reversely correlated with Pim-1 expression. Luciferase activity assay further confirmed Pim-1 as a putative target of miR-206. In addition, gain and loss-of-function studies with miR-206 mimics and inhibitors showed that inhibition of miR-206 in hypoxic MSCs promoted the migration ability of the cells, prevented cell apoptosis, and protected membrane potential of mitochondria, while the benefits were all blocked by Pim-1 inhibitor. In an acute model of myocardial infarction, transplanted hypoxic MSCs showed a significantly improved survival as compared with hypoxic MSCs overexpressing miR-206. Conclusions Hypoxic preconditioning could increase short-term survival of bone marrow MSCs via upregulation of Pim-1, and miR-206 was one of the critical regulators in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weiya Yan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xizhe Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Shanghai 1st People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenao Zhao
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Hui
- Department of Cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Zhenya Shen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Junjie Yang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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cJun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation of serine 36 is critical for p66Shc activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20930. [PMID: 26868434 PMCID: PMC4751440 DOI: 10.1038/srep20930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p66Shc-dependent ROS production contributes to many pathologies including ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) during solid organ transplantation. Inhibiting p66Shc activation may provide a novel therapeutic approach to prevent damage, which is poorly managed by antioxidants in vivo. Previous work suggested that pro-oxidant and a pro-apoptotic function of p66Shc required mitochondrial import, which depended on serine 36 phosphorylation. PKCß has been proposed as S36 kinase but cJun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) may also phosphorylate this residue. To simulate the early stages of ischemia/reperfusion (IR) we either used H2O2 treatment or hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). As during reperfusion in vivo, we observed increased JNK and p38 activity in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and HL-1 cardiomyocytes along with significantly increased p66ShcS36 phosphorylation, ROS production and cell damage. Application of specific inhibitors caused a pronounced decrease in p66ShcS36 phosphorylation only in the case of JNK1/2. Moreover, S36 phosphorylation of recombinant p66Shc by JNK1 but not PKCß was demonstrated. We further confirmed JNK1/2-dependent regulation of p66ShcS36 phosphorylation, ROS production and cell death using JNK1/2 deficient MEFs. Finally, the low ROS phenotype of JNK1/2 knockout MEFs was reversed by the phosphomimetic p66ShcS36E mutant. Inhibiting JNK1/2-regulated p66Shc activation may thus provide a therapeutic approach for the prevention of oxidative damage.
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Stumpner J, Tischer-Zeitz T, Lotz C, Umminger J, Neuwirth A, Smul TM, Redel A, Kehl F, Roewer N, Lange M. The second window of desflurane-induced preconditioning is mediated by STAT3: role of Pim-1 kinase. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016; 60:103-16. [PMID: 26190257 DOI: 10.1111/aas.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late ischemic preconditioning is mediated via nuclear transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Pim-1 kinase reduces infarct size in cardiomyocytes and is regulated by STAT3. We tested the hypothesis that late desflurane-induced preconditioning (DES-SWOP) is mediated via STAT3 and Pim-1. METHODS After institutional approval, pentobarbital-anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 45 min coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 3 h reperfusion. Control animals received no additional intervention. Desflurane was administered 48 h before CAO either alone or in combination with the janus kinase/STAT3 inhibitor AG-490 (40 μg/g i.p., 20 min before desflurane administration) or the Pim-1 kinase inhibitor II (PIM-Inh.II, 10 μg/g i.p., 15 min before CAO). Infarct size (IS) and area at risk were determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans blue, respectively. Additionally, cytosolic and nuclear fractions were separated at two different time points and expression of STAT3, phospho-STAT3(Ser727) , phospho-STAT3(Tyr705) , Pim-1, Bad and phospho-Bad(Ser112) were determined by Western Blot analysis. Data were analyzed with one-way or two-way ANOVA and post hoc Duncan test and are presented as mean ± SEM. RESULTS IS was 47 ± 2% (n = 7-8 per group) in control animals (CON). DES-SWOP reduced myocardial infarct size to 23 ± 4%* (*P < 0.05 vs. CON). AG-490 alone did not affect myocardial infarct size (44 ± 7%), but abolished DES-SWOP (44 ± 4%). Blockade of Pim-1 did not affect the protection by DES-SWOP (34 ± 4%*). Desflurane reduced cytosolic content and enhanced nuclear content of phospho-STAT(S) (er727) . After 48 h, desflurane enhanced Pim-1 activity, whereas Pim-1 expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSION These data suggest that DES-SWOP is mediated by activation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. The impact of Pim-1 in DES-SWOP signaling remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Stumpner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - T. Tischer-Zeitz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - C. Lotz
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - J. Umminger
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - A. Neuwirth
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - T. M. Smul
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - A. Redel
- Department of Anesthesia; University of Regensburg; Regensburg Germany
| | - F. Kehl
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care; Hospital of Karlsruhe; Karlsruhe Germany
| | - N. Roewer
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care; University Hospital of Wuerzburg; Wuerzburg Germany
| | - M. Lange
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine; Mathias-Spital Rheine; Rheine Germany
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Samse K, Hariharan N, Sussman MA. Personalizing cardiac regenerative therapy: At the heart of Pim1 kinase. Pharmacol Res 2015; 103:13-6. [PMID: 26563999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During cardiac aging, DNA damage and environmental stressors contribute to telomeric shortening and human cardiac progenitor cells acquire a senescent phenotype that leads to decreased stem cell function. Reversion of this phenotype through genetic modification is essential to advance regenerative therapy. Studies in the cardiac specific overexpression and subcellular targeting of Pim1 kinase demonstrate its influence on regeneration, proliferation, survival, metabolism and senescence. The cardioprotective effects of Pim1 modification can be picked apart and enhanced by targeting the kinase to distinct subcellular compartments, allowing for selection of specific phenotypic traits after molecular modification. In this perspective, we examine the therapeutic implications of Pim1 to encourage the personalization of cardiac regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlen Samse
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
| | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States.
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Abstract
Despite the increasing use of stem cells for regenerative-based cardiac therapy, the optimal stem cell population(s) remains in a cloud of uncertainty. In the past decade, the field has witnessed a surge of researchers discovering stem cell populations reported to directly and/or indirectly contribute to cardiac regeneration through processes of cardiomyogenic commitment and/or release of cardioprotective paracrine factors. This review centers upon defining basic biological characteristics of stem cells used for sustaining cardiac integrity during disease and maintenance of communication between the cardiac environment and stem cells. Given the limited successes achieved so far in regenerative therapy, the future requires development of unprecedented concepts involving combinatorial approaches to create and deliver the optimal stem cell(s) that will enhance myocardial healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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The antioxidant compound tert-butylhydroquinone activates Akt in myocardium, suppresses apoptosis and ameliorates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13005. [PMID: 26260024 PMCID: PMC4531315 DOI: 10.1038/srep13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant compound which shows multiple cytoprotective actions. We evaluated the effects of TBHQ on pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by chronic overload. Pressure overload was created by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in male C57BL/6 mice. TBHQ was incorporated in the diet and administered for 4 weeks. TBHQ treatment prevented left ventricular dilatation and cardiac dysfunction induced by TAC, and decreased the prevalence of myocardial apoptosis. The beneficial effects of TBHQ were associated with an increase in Akt activation, but not related to activations of Nrf2 or AMP-activated protein kinase. TBHQ-induced Akt activation was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of Bad, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Mechanistically, we showed that in cultured H9c2 cells and primary cardiac myocytes, TBHQ stimulated Akt phosphorylation and suppressed oxidant-induced apoptosis; this effect was abolished by wortmannin or an Akt inhibitor. Blockade of the Akt pathway in vivo accelerated cardiac dysfunction, and abrogated the protective effects of TBHQ. TBHQ also reduced the reactive aldehyde production and protein carbonylation in stressed myocardium. We suggest that TBHQ treatment may represent a novel strategy for timely activation of the cytoprotective Akt pathway in stressed myocardium.
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Cardiac-Specific SOCS3 Deletion Prevents In Vivo Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through Sustained Activation of Cardioprotective Signaling Molecules. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127942. [PMID: 26010537 PMCID: PMC4444323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) adversely affects cardiac performance and the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Although myocardial signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is potently cardioprotective during IRI, the inhibitory mechanism responsible for its activation is largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the myocardial suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3, an intrinsic negative feedback regulator of the Janus kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling pathway, in the development of myocardial IRI. Myocardial IRI was induced in mice by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h, followed by different reperfusion times. One hour after reperfusion, the rapid expression of JAK-STAT–activating cytokines was observed. We precisely evaluated the phosphorylation of cardioprotective signaling molecules and the expression of SOCS3 during IRI and then induced myocardial IRI in wild-type and cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout mice (SOCS3-CKO). The activation of STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2 rapidly peaked and promptly decreased during IRI. This decrease correlated with the induction of SOCS3 expression up to 24 h after IRI in wild-type mice. The infarct size 24 h after reperfusion was significantly reduced in SOCS3-CKO compared with wild-type mice. In SOCS3-CKO mice, STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation was sustained, myocardial apoptosis was prevented, and the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) was augmented. Cardiac-specific SOCS3 deletion led to the sustained activation of cardioprotective signaling molecules including and prevented myocardial apoptosis and injury during IRI. Our findings suggest that SOCS3 may represent a key factor that exacerbates the development of myocardial IRI.
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Samse K, Emathinger J, Hariharan N, Quijada P, Ilves K, Völkers M, Ormachea L, De La Torre A, Orogo AM, Alvarez R, Din S, Mohsin S, Monsanto M, Fischer KM, Dembitsky WP, Gustafsson ÅB, Sussman MA. Functional Effect of Pim1 Depends upon Intracellular Localization in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:13935-47. [PMID: 25882843 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPC) improve heart function after autologous transfer in heart failure patients. Regenerative potential of hCPCs is severely limited with age, requiring genetic modification to enhance therapeutic potential. A legacy of work from our laboratory with Pim1 kinase reveals effects on proliferation, survival, metabolism, and rejuvenation of hCPCs in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that subcellular targeting of Pim1 bolsters the distinct cardioprotective effects of this kinase in hCPCs to increase proliferation and survival, and antagonize cellular senescence. Adult hCPCs isolated from patients undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation were engineered to overexpress Pim1 throughout the cell (PimWT) or targeted to either mitochondrial (Mito-Pim1) or nuclear (Nuc-Pim1) compartments. Nuc-Pim1 enhances stem cell youthfulness associated with decreased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, preserved telomere length, reduced expression of p16 and p53, and up-regulation of nucleostemin relative to PimWT hCPCs. Alternately, Mito-Pim1 enhances survival by increasing expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and decreasing cell death after H2O2 treatment, thereby preserving mitochondrial integrity superior to PimWT. Mito-Pim1 increases the proliferation rate by up-regulation of cell cycle modulators Cyclin D, CDK4, and phospho-Rb. Optimal stem cell traits such as proliferation, survival, and increased youthful properties of aged hCPCs are enhanced after targeted Pim1 localization to mitochondrial or nuclear compartments. Targeted Pim1 overexpression in hCPCs allows for selection of the desired phenotypic properties to overcome patient variability and improve specific stem cell characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlen Samse
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Pearl Quijada
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Mirko Völkers
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Amabel M Orogo
- the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, and
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Shabana Din
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Megan Monsanto
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Kimberlee M Fischer
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | | | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, and
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the San Diego Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182,
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Protective effects of endothelin receptor A and B inhibitors against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:109-29. [PMID: 25660617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical efficiency of the highly potent antitumor agent doxorubicin is limited by cardiotoxic effects. In a murine doxorubicin cardiotoxicity model, increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and cardioprotective effects of the dual ET-1 blocker bosentan were demonstrated. To date it is unclear if combined blocking of endothelin A/B receptors is necessary or whether selective inhibition of one of the ET-1 receptors is sufficient for the observed cardioprotection. Therefore, we investigated the impact of dual (bosentan) and single endothelin receptor antagonism through sitaxentan (receptor A blocker) or BQ788 (receptor B blocker) in a murine doxorubicin cardiotoxicity model (C57BL/6N). Simultaneous administration of each endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) with doxorubicin resulted in a significantly improved hemodynamic performance in comparison to the impaired cardiac function in control mice with bosentan being most effective but closely followed by sitaxentan and also BQ788. This cardioprotection was not caused by diminished doxorubicin levels in heart since the doxorubicin content in cardiac tissue was not altered by ERAs significantly. However, whole transcript expression profiling showed partly different effects of the ERAs on doxorubicin-modulated cardiac gene expression of genes involved in signal transduction (e.g. Stat3, Pim1, Akt1, Plcb2), fibrosis (e.g. Myl4), energy production (e.g. Ant1) or oxidative stress (e.g. Aox1). Furthermore, doxorubicin-mediated gene regulations were verified in the murine cardiomyocyte model HL-1 showing partly reversed expression patterns after co-administration of the ERAs. In summary, our results demonstrate strong cardioprotective effects of blocking ET-1 receptors against the doxorubicin-related cardiomyopathy and provide evidence to potential underlying signaling pathways.
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Kukreja RC. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase: a potential new target for suppressing inflammation in heart failure? J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e001591. [PMID: 25520331 PMCID: PMC4338746 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh C. Kukreja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA (R.C.K.)
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Zhang Y, Brownstein AJ, Buonora M, Niikura K, Ho A, Correa da Rosa J, Kreek MJ, Ott J. Self administration of oxycodone alters synaptic plasticity gene expression in the hippocampus differentially in male adolescent and adult mice. Neuroscience 2014; 285:34-46. [PMID: 25446355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abuse and addiction to prescription opioids such as oxycodone (a short-acting Mu opioid receptor (MOP-r) agonist) in adolescence is a pressing public health issue. We have previously shown differences in oxycodone self-administration behaviors between adolescent and adult C57BL/6J mice and expression of striatal neurotransmitter receptor genes, in areas involved in reward. In this study, we aimed to determine whether oxycodone self-administration differentially affects genes regulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adolescent compared to adult mice, since the hippocampus may be involved in learning aspects associated with chronic drug self administration. Hippocampus was isolated for mRNA analysis from mice that had self administered oxycodone (0.25 mg/kg/infusion) 2h/day for 14 consecutive days or from yoked saline controls. Gene expression was analyzed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a commercially available "synaptic plasticity" PCR array containing 84 genes. We found that adolescent and adult control mice significantly differed in the expression of several genes in the absence of oxycodone exposure, including those coding for mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma subunit, glutamate receptor, ionotropic AMPA2 and metabotropic 5. Chronic oxycodone self administration increased proviral integration site 1 (Pim1) and thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 mRNA levels compared to controls in both age groups. Both Pim1 and cadherin 2 mRNAs showed a significant combined effect of Drug Condition and Age × Drug Condition. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of both cadherin 2 and cAMP response element modulators showed an experiment-wise significant difference between oxycodone and saline control in adult but not in adolescent mice. Overall, this study demonstrates for the first time that chronic oxycodone self-administration differentially alters synaptic plasticity gene expression in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - A J Brownstein
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Buonora
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K Niikura
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - A Ho
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Correa da Rosa
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M J Kreek
- The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J Ott
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; The Laboratory of Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Ince S. Mark Sussman: programming heart cells to heal. Circ Res 2014; 115:613-6. [PMID: 25214574 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.305029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Banerjee S, Lu J, Cai Q, Sun Z, Jha HC, Robertson ES. EBNA3C augments Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation and degradation of p21 to promote B-cell proliferation. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004304. [PMID: 25121590 PMCID: PMC4133388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous human herpesvirus, can latently infect the human population. EBV is associated with several types of malignancies originating from lymphoid and epithelial cell types. EBV latent antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is essential for EBV-induced immortalization of B-cells. The Moloney murine leukemia provirus integration site (PIM-1), which encodes an oncogenic serine/threonine kinase, is linked to several cellular functions involving cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Notably, enhanced expression of Pim-1 kinase is associated with numerous hematological and non-hematological malignancies. A higher expression level of Pim-1 kinase is associated with EBV infection, suggesting a crucial role for Pim-1 in EBV-induced tumorigenesis. We now demonstrate a molecular mechanism which reveals a direct role for EBNA3C in enhancing Pim-1 expression in EBV-infected primary B-cells. We also showed that EBNA3C is physically associated with Pim-1 through its amino-terminal domain, and also forms a molecular complex in B-cells. EBNA3C can stabilize Pim-1 through abrogation of the proteasome/Ubiquitin pathway. Our results demonstrate that EBNA3C enhances Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation of p21 at the Thr145 residue. EBNA3C also facilitated the nuclear localization of Pim-1, and promoted EBV transformed cell proliferation by altering Pim-1 mediated regulation of the activity of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21/WAF1. Our study demonstrated that EBNA3C significantly induces Pim-1 mediated proteosomal degradation of p21. A significant reduction in cell proliferation of EBV-transformed LCLs was observed upon stable knockdown of Pim-1. This study describes a critical role for the oncoprotein Pim-1 in EBV-mediated oncogenesis, as well as provides novel insights into oncogenic kinase-targeted therapeutic intervention of EBV-associated cancers. The oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 is upregulated in a number of human cancers including lymphomas, gastric, colorectal and prostate carcinomas. EBV nuclear antigen 3C (EBNA3C) is essential for EBV-induced transformation of human primary B-lymphocytes. Our current study revealed that EBNA3C significantly enhances Pim-1 kinase expression at both the transcript and protein levels. EBNA3C also interacts with Pim-1 and can form a complex in EBV-transformed cells. Moreover, EBNA3C increases nuclear localization of Pim-1 and stabilizes Pim-1 protein levels by inhibiting its poly-ubiquitination. Additionally, EBNA3C augments Pim-1 mediated phosphorylation of p21 and its proteosomal degradation. Stable knockdown of Pim-1 using si-RNA showed a significant decrease in proliferation of EBV transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines and subsequent induction of apoptosis by triggering the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Therefore, our study demonstrated a new mechanism by which the oncogenic Pim-1 kinase targeted by EBV latent antigen 3C can inhibit p21 function, and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvomoy Banerjee
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Qiliang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medical Virology (Ministries of Education and Health), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Sun
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Erle S. Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and the Tumor Virology Program, Abramson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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80
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Liu Y, Zhao B, Mao G, Fang X, Liu Y, Huang Y, Wang N. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, a green tea polyphenol, induces expression of pim-1 kinase via PPARγ in human vascular endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 13:391-5. [PMID: 23990052 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pim-1 is a serine/threonine kinase and involved in cell survival and proliferation. Recently, it has been shown that pim-1 signaling pathway plays an important role in cardiovascular protection and differentiation. In this study, we sought to explore the expression of pim-1 in human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and its regulation by epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol which has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects. By using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, we showed that EGCG dose-dependently increased the expression of pim-1 in cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. Next, we showed that EGCG activated a luciferase reporter driven by peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-responsive elements. The induced expression of pim-1 was inhibited in ECs pretreated with GW9662, a specific antagonist of PPARγ. In addition, pim-1 was also up-regulated in endothelial cells treated with rosiglitazone, a specific agonist for PPARγ, or those infected with the adenovirus expressing a constitutively active PPARγ. Collectively, our results provided new evidence that pim-1 can be up-regulated by EGCG via a PPARγ-mediated mechanism and may mediate its vascular protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Rd., Beijing, 100191, China
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81
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Völkers M, Doroudgar S, Nguyen N, Konstandin MH, Quijada P, Din S, Ornelas L, Thuerauf DJ, Gude N, Friedrich K, Herzig S, Glembotski CC, Sussman MA. PRAS40 prevents development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity in obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2014; 6:57-65. [PMID: 24408966 PMCID: PMC3936489 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a multi-organ disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy can result in heart failure, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In the liver, insulin resistance contributes to hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia, which further worsens the metabolic profile. Defects in mTOR signalling are believed to contribute to metabolic dysfunctions in diabetic liver and hearts, but evidence is missing that mTOR activation is causal to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study shows that specific mTORC1 inhibition by PRAS40 prevents the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This phenotype was associated with improved metabolic function, blunted hypertrophic growth and preserved cardiac function. In addition PRAS40 treatment improves hepatic insulin sensitivity and reduces systemic hyperglycaemia in obese mice. Thus, unlike rapamycin, mTORC1 inhibition with PRAS40 improves metabolic profile in diabetic mice. These findings may open novel avenues for therapeutic strategies using PRAS40 directed against diabetic-related diseases.
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82
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Pagliari S, Jelinek J, Grassi G, Forte G. Targeting pleiotropic signaling pathways to control adult cardiac stem cell fate and function. Front Physiol 2014; 5:219. [PMID: 25071583 PMCID: PMC4076671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of different pools of cardiac progenitor cells resident in the adult mammalian heart opened a new era in heart regeneration as a means to restore the loss of functional cardiac tissue and overcome the limited availability of donor organs. Indeed, resident stem cells are believed to participate to tissue homeostasis and renewal in healthy and damaged myocardium although their actual contribution to these processes remain unclear. The poor outcome in terms of cardiac regeneration following tissue damage point out at the need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling CPC behavior and fate determination before new therapeutic strategies can be developed. The regulation of cardiac resident stem cell fate and function is likely to result from the interplay between pleiotropic signaling pathways as well as tissue- and cell-specific regulators. Such a modular interaction—which has already been described in the nucleus of a number of different cells where transcriptional complexes form to activate specific gene programs—would account for the unique responses of cardiac progenitors to general and tissue-specific stimuli. The study of the molecular determinants involved in cardiac stem/progenitor cell regulatory mechanisms may shed light on the processes of cardiac homeostasis in health and disease and thus provide clues on the actual feasibility of cardiac cell therapy through tissue-specific progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Pagliari
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Jelinek
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste Trieste, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Forte
- Integrated Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (ICCT), International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
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83
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Din S, Konstandin MH, Johnson B, Emathinger J, Völkers M, Toko H, Collins B, Ormachea L, Samse K, Kubli DA, De La Torre A, Kraft AS, Gustafsson AB, Kelly DP, Sussman MA. Metabolic dysfunction consistent with premature aging results from deletion of Pim kinases. Circ Res 2014; 115:376-87. [PMID: 24916111 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.304441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The senescent cardiac phenotype is accompanied by changes in mitochondrial function and biogenesis causing impairment in energy provision. The relationship between myocardial senescence and Pim kinases deserves attention because Pim-1 kinase is cardioprotective, in part, by preservation of mitochondrial integrity. Study of the pathological effects resulting from genetic deletion of all Pim kinase family members could provide important insight about cardiac mitochondrial biology and the aging phenotype. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate that myocardial senescence is promoted by loss of Pim leading to premature aging and aberrant mitochondrial function. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac myocyte senescence was evident at 3 months in Pim triple knockout mice, where all 3 isoforms of Pim kinase family members are genetically deleted. Cellular hypertrophic remodeling and fetal gene program activation were followed by heart failure at 6 months in Pim triple knockout mice. Metabolic dysfunction is an underlying cause of cardiac senescence and instigates a decline in cardiac function. Altered mitochondrial morphology is evident consequential to Pim deletion together with decreased ATP levels and increased phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, exposing an energy deficiency in Pim triple knockout mice. Expression of the genes encoding master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) coactivator-1 α and β, was diminished in Pim triple knockout hearts, as were downstream targets included in mitochondrial energy transduction, including fatty acid oxidation. Reversal of the dysregulated metabolic phenotype was observed by overexpressing c-Myc (Myc proto-oncogene protein), a downstream target of Pim kinases. CONCLUSIONS Pim kinases prevent premature cardiac aging and maintain a healthy pool of functional mitochondria leading to efficient cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Din
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mathias H Konstandin
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Bevan Johnson
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Jacqueline Emathinger
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mirko Völkers
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Haruhiro Toko
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Brett Collins
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Lucy Ormachea
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Kaitlen Samse
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Dieter A Kubli
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Andrea De La Torre
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Andrew S Kraft
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Asa B Gustafsson
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State Heart Institute, San Diego State University, CA (S.D., M.H.K., B.J., J.E., M.V., H.T., B.C., L.O., K.S., A.D.L.T., M.A.S.); Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (D.A.K., A.B.G.); and Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston (A.S.K.), and Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (D.P.K.).
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Abstract
The discovery of adult cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and their potential to restore functional cardiac tissue has fueled unprecedented interest in recent years. Indeed, stem-cell–based therapies have the potential to transform the treatment and prognosis of heart failure, for they have the potential to eliminate the underlying cause of the disease by reconstituting the damaged heart with functional cardiac cells. Over the last decade, several independent laboratories have demonstrated the utility of c-kit+/Lin- resident CSCs in alleviating left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling in animal models of acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Recently, the first clinical trial of autologous CSCs for treatment of heart failure resulting from ischemic heart disease (Stem Cell Infusion in Patients with Ischemic cardiOmyopathy [SCIPIO]) has been conducted, and the interim results are quite promising. In this phase I trial, no adverse effects attributable to the CSC treatment have been noted, and CSC-treated patients showed a significant improvement in ejection fraction at 1 year (+13.7 absolute units versus baseline), accompanied by a 30.2 % reduction in infarct size. Moreover, the CSC-induced enhancement in cardiac structure and function was associated with a significant improvement in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class and in the quality of life, as measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart failure Questionnaire. These results are exciting and warrant larger, phase II studies. However, CSC therapy for cardiac repair is still in its infancy, and many hurdles need to be overcome to further enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U Hong
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA,
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85
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Siddiqi S, Sussman MA. Cell and gene therapy for severe heart failure patients: the time and place for Pim-1 kinase. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2014; 11:949-57. [PMID: 23984924 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2013.814830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative therapy in severe heart failure patients presents a challenging set of circumstances including a damaged myocardial environment that accelerates senescence in myocytes and cardiac progenitor cells. Failing myocardium suffers from deterioration of contractile function coupled with impaired regenerative potential that drives the heart toward decompensation. Efficacious regenerative cell therapy for severe heart failure requires disruption of this vicious circle that can be accomplished by alteration of the compromised myocyte phenotype and rejuvenation of progenitor cells. This review focuses upon potential for Pim-1 kinase to mitigate chronic heart failure by improving myocyte quality through preservation of mitochondrial integrity, prevention of hypertrophy and inhibition of apoptosis. In addition, cardiac progenitors engineered with Pim-1 possess enhanced regenerative potential, making Pim-1 an important player in future treatment of severe heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Biology and Heart Institute, Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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86
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Liang C, Li YY. Use of regulators and inhibitors of Pim-1, a serine/threonine kinase, for tumour therapy (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:2051-60. [PMID: 24737044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene that encodes a serine/threonine kinase that is overexpressed in a range of haematopoietic malignancies and solid cancers. Pim-1 expression is tightly regulated by multiple biomolecules at different levels. Several lines of evidence have indicated that dysregulation of Pim-1 can interfere with the cell cycle and apoptosis to promote malignant transformation of a number of types of tumour. Thus, investigation of Pim-1 regulation may provide important theoretical guidance for the development of molecular targeting therapies and drug treatments for Pim-1‑associated diseases. Regulators of Pim-1 expression, include microRNAs, oestrogen, inecalcitol, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) mimetic inhibitors and ATP competitive inhibitors of Pim-1. Combinations of inhibitors of Pim-1 expression and Pim-1‑specific inhibitors may provide novel therapies for cancer patients and directions for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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87
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Moore A, Shindikar A, Fomison-Nurse I, Riu F, Munasinghe PE, Ram TP, Saxena P, Coffey S, Bunton RW, Galvin IF, Williams MJA, Emanueli C, Madeddu P, Katare R. Rapid onset of cardiomyopathy in STZ-induced female diabetic mice involves the downregulation of pro-survival Pim-1. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:68. [PMID: 24685144 PMCID: PMC4073808 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-13-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic women are five times more likely to develop congestive heart failure compared with two fold for men. The underlying mechanism for this gender difference is not known. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for this female disadvantage and attempt safeguarding cardiomyocytes viability and function through restoration of pro-survival Pim-1. Methods and Results Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin in CD1 mice of both genders. Functional and dimensional parameters measurement using echocardiography revealed diastolic dysfunction in female diabetic mice within 8 weeks after STZ-induced diabetes. This was associated with significant downregulation of pro-survival Pim-1 and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Caspase-3, microRNA-1 and microRNA-208a. Male diabetic mice did not show any significant changes at this time point (P < 0.05 vs. female diabetic). Further, the onset of ventricular remodelling was quicker in female diabetic mice showing marked left ventricular dilation, reduced ejection fraction and poor contractility (P < 0.05 vs. male diabetic at 12 and 16 weeks of STZ-induced diabetes). Molecular analysis of samples from human diabetic hearts confirmed the results of pre-clinical studies, showing marked downregulation of Pim-1 in the female diabetic heart (P < 0.05 vs. male diabetic). Finally, in vitro restoration of Pim-1 reversed the female disadvantage in diabetic cardiomyocytes. Conclusions We provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms behind the rapid onset of cardiomyopathy in female diabetics. These results suggest the requirement for the development of gender-specific treatments for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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88
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The rejuvenation of aged stem cells for cardiac repair. Can J Cardiol 2014; 30:1299-306. [PMID: 25092405 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation is one of the greatest challenges of modern science. Aging affects every tissue and organ in the body, leading to a deterioration of normal function and inhibition of repair mechanisms. Cell therapy has received much attention for its potential to regenerate organs, but in the context of cardiac repair, the initial clinical trials in aged patients did not replicate the dramatic benefits recorded in preclinical studies with young animals. The benefits of autologous cell therapy are reduced in the elderly, the largest target group for regenerative medicine. Adult stem cell functionality decreases with age which impairs tissue regeneration. In this review we discuss the age-related changes in stem cell function, with particular attention to stem cell therapy in heart disease. We also focus on possible mechanisms of adult stem cell aging and targets for rejuvenation strategies to reverse the aging process. We provide useful insights on how to apply this knowledge to advance cellular therapies for heart disease.
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89
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Discovery and identification of PIM-1 kinase inhibitors through a hybrid screening approach. Mol Divers 2014; 18:335-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-014-9504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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90
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Huynh K, Bernardo BC, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms and new treatment strategies targeting antioxidant signaling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 142:375-415. [PMID: 24462787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic population. Both experimental and clinical evidence suggest that diabetic subjects are predisposed to a distinct cardiomyopathy, independent of concomitant macro- and microvascular disorders. 'Diabetic cardiomyopathy' is characterized by early impairments in diastolic function, accompanied by the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The pathophysiology underlying diabetes-induced cardiac damage is complex and multifactorial, with elevated oxidative stress as a key contributor. We now review the current evidence of molecular disturbances present in the diabetic heart, and their role in the development of diabetes-induced impairments in myocardial function and structure. Our focus incorporates both the contribution of increased reactive oxygen species production and reduced antioxidant defenses to diabetic cardiomyopathy, together with modulation of protein signaling pathways and the emerging role of protein O-GlcNAcylation and miRNA dysregulation in the progression of diabetic heart disease. Lastly, we discuss both conventional and novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of left ventricular dysfunction in diabetic patients, from inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system, through recent evidence favoring supplementation of endogenous antioxidants for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy targeting the phosphoinositide 3-kinase PI3K(p110α) signaling pathway, and miRNA dysregulation, are also reviewed. Targeting redox stress and protective protein signaling pathways may represent a future strategy for combating the ever-increasing incidence of heart failure in the diabetic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Huynh
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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91
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Hu S, Yan G, Xu H, He W, Liu Z, Ma G. Hypoxic preconditioning increases survival of cardiac progenitor cells via the pim-1 kinase-mediated anti-apoptotic effect. Circ J 2014; 78:724-31. [PMID: 24401608 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cells transplanted to the ischemic myocardium usually encounter massive cell death within a few days after transplantation, and hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) is currently used as a strategy to prepare stem cells for increased survival and engraftment in the heart. The purpose of this study is to determine whether Pim-1 kinase mediates any beneficial effects of HPC for human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). METHODS AND RESULTS Human CPCs were isolated from an adult heart auricle and were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting using c-kit magnetic beads; they were hypoxic preconditioned for 6h. Both Pim-1 and p-Akt were determined. CPCs were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) control (without HPC); (2) HPC; or (3) HPC+I (Pim-1 inhibitor). HPC can promote the survival of CPCs. HPC enhances the expression of Pim-1 kinase in a time-dependent manner, which causes a reduction of proapoptotic elements (cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3) and the preservation/modulation of important components of the mitochondria (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and p-Bad), and attenuates mitochondrial damages. All of these protective effects were blocked by a Pim-1 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Pim-1 plays a pivotal role in the protective effect of HPC for CPCs, and the promotion of the expression of Pim-1 in CPCs can as serve part of molecular therapeutic interventional strategies in the treatment of cardiomyopathy damage by blunting CPC death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengda Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University
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92
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Sadkowski T, Ciecierska A, Majewska A, Oprządek J, Dasiewicz K, Ollik M, Wicik Z, Motyl T. Transcriptional background of beef marbling - novel genes implicated in intramuscular fat deposition. Meat Sci 2014; 97:32-41. [PMID: 24491505 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify novel marbling-related genes by comparison of the global gene expression in semitendinosus muscle of 15-month-old Limousin (LIM), Holstein-Friesian (HF) and Hereford (HER) bulls. Muscle of LIM was lean with low intramuscular fat (IMF) content (0.53%) unlike the marbled muscles of HER and HF characterized by higher amounts of IMF (1.10 and 0.81%, respectively). The comparison of muscle transcriptional profile between marbled and lean beef revealed significant differences in expression of 144 genes, presumably involved in consecutive stages of adipose tissue development, such as preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, adipocyte maturation, lipid filling and lipid metabolism leading to increased IMF deposition and marbling development. Correlation coefficients and regression analysis for nine of them (gadd45a, pias3, ccrn4l, diras3, pou5f1, hoxa9, atp2a2 and pim1) validated by real-time qPCR confirmed their moderate-high correlation with IMF% and explained up to 70.5% of the total variability in IMF deposition in the bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sadkowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A Ciecierska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Majewska
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Oprządek
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
| | - K Dasiewicz
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Ollik
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Wicik
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Motyl
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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93
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McGregor M, Hariharan N, Joyo AY, Margolis RL, Sussman MA. CENP-A is essential for cardiac progenitor cell proliferation. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:739-48. [PMID: 24362315 PMCID: PMC3979910 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Centromere protein A (CENP-A) is a homolog of histone H3 that epigenetically marks the heterochromatin of chromosomes. CENP-A is a critical component of the cell cycle machinery that is necessary for proper assembly of the mitotic spindle. However, the role of CENP-A in the heart and cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has not been previously studied. This study shows that CENP-A is expressed in CPCs and declines with age. Silencing CENP-A results in a decreased CPC growth rate, reduced cell number in phase G2/M of the cell cycle, and increased senescence associated β-galactosidase activity. Lineage commitment is not affected by CENP-A silencing, suggesting that cell cycle arrest induced by loss of CENP-A is a consequence of senescence and not differentiation. CENP-A knockdown does not exacerbate cell death in undifferentiated CPCs, but increases apoptosis upon lineage commitment. Taken together, these results indicate that CPCs maintain relatively high levels of CENP-A early in life, which is necessary for sustaining proliferation, inhibiting senescence, and promoting survival following differentiation of CPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McGregor
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | - Anya Y Joyo
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
| | | | - Mark A Sussman
- San Diego Heart Research Institute and the Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego, CA USA
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94
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Völkers M, Konstandin MH, Doroudgar S, Toko H, Quijada P, Din S, Joyo A, Ornelas L, Samse K, Thuerauf DJ, Gude N, Glembotski CC, Sussman MA. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 protects the heart from ischemic damage. Circulation 2013; 128:2132-44. [PMID: 24008870 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) comprises 2 structurally distinct multiprotein complexes, mTOR complexes 1 and 2 (mTORC1 and mTORC2). Deregulation of mTOR signaling occurs during and contributes to the severity of myocardial damage from ischemic heart disease. However, the relative roles of mTORC1 versus mTORC2 in the pathogenesis of ischemic damage are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Combined pharmacological and molecular approaches were used to alter the balance of mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling in cultured cardiac myocytes and in mouse hearts subjected to conditions that mimic ischemic heart disease. The importance of mTOR signaling in cardiac protection was demonstrated by pharmacological inhibition of both mTORC1 and mTORC2 with Torin1, which led to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue damage after myocardial infarction. Predominant mTORC1 signaling mediated by suppression of mTORC2 with Rictor similarly increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue damage after myocardial infarction. In comparison, preferentially shifting toward mTORC2 signaling by inhibition of mTORC1 with PRAS40 led to decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and tissue damage after myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that selectively increasing mTORC2 while concurrently inhibiting mTORC1 signaling is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Völkers
- From SDSU Heart Institute, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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95
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Konstandin MH, Völkers M, Collins B, Quijada P, Quintana M, De La Torre A, Ormachea L, Din S, Gude N, Toko H, Sussman MA. Fibronectin contributes to pathological cardiac hypertrophy but not physiological growth. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:375. [PMID: 23912225 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ability of the heart to undergo pathological or physiological hypertrophy upon increased wall stress is critical for long-term compensatory function in response to increased workload demand. While substantial information has been published on the nature of the fundamental molecular signaling involved in hypertrophy, the role of extracellular matrix protein Fibronectin (Fn) in hypertrophic signaling is unclear. The objective of the study was to delineate the role of Fn during pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy and physiological growth prompted by exercise. Genetic conditional ablation of Fn in adulthood blunts cardiomyocyte hypertrophy upon pressure overload via attenuated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Loss of Fn delays development of heart failure and improves survival. In contrast, genetic deletion of Fn has no impact on physiological cardiac growth induced by voluntary wheel running. Down-regulation of the transcription factor c/EBPβ (Ccaat-enhanced binding protein β), which is essential for induction of the physiological growth program, is unaffected by Fn deletion. Nuclear NFAT translocation is triggered by Fn in conjunction with up-regulation of the fetal gene program and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Furthermore, activation of the physiological gene program induced by insulin stimulation in vitro is attenuated by Fn, whereas insulin had no impact on Fn-induced pathological growth program. Fn contributes to pathological cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo via NFAT activation. Fn is dispensable for physiological growth in vivo, and Fn attenuates the activation of the physiological growth program in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias H Konstandin
- Heart Institute, and Biology Department, SDSU Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, Life Sciences North, Room 426, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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96
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Pim-1 mediated signaling during the process of cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction in ovine hearts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 63:89-97. [PMID: 23899906 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 was recently identified as a cardiomyocyte survival regulator downstream of Akt. The present study aims to examine Pim-1 activity and its association with the post MI remodeling myocardium in a clinically relevant large animal model. Apical myocardial infarction of approximately 25% left ventricular mass was created in an ovine model. Regional post-infarction deformation of the left ventricle was monitored by sonomicrometry and quantified using areal remodeling strain (i.e., areal expansion). Myocardial tissues were harvested at 12weeks from the adjacent and remote regions of the infarct for analysis of Pim-1 mediated survival signaling proteins as well as apoptotic activity. The cDNA coding sequences of two ovine Pim-1 kinase isoforms, 44 and 33kDa, were identified. Both isoforms were detected in heart tissue and the overall Pim-1 expression was found to be tightly controlled at multiple molecular levels. Pim-1 as well as the Pim-1 mediated survival signaling proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and phospho-Bad (Ser112) were upregulated in the adjacent region at 12weeks post-infarction and their expression correlated positively with the degree of the remodeling, which was accompanied by significant upregulations of the PP2A/BAD mediated apoptotic signaling proteins. However these upregulations were imbalanced, such that p-BAD (Ser112)/BAD decreased in the adjacent region of the infarcted hearts. Apoptotic activity also increased with remodeling strain. Despite an observed intrinsic upregulation of survival proteins, the imbalanced activation of apoptotic pathways resulted in evident apoptosis in the adjacent region. ULTRAMINI-ABSTRACT Pim-1 mediated survival signaling in myocardial tissues from infarcted ovine hearts was studied. It was shown that the adjacent region of the infarct experienced higher remodeling strain and exhibited increased levels of Pim-1 and related anti-apoptotic proteins. Despite this elevation of survival activity, however, the imbalanced activation of PP2A/BAD mediated apoptotic pathway resulted in evident apoptosis in the adjacent region.
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97
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Pathological hypertrophy amelioration by PRAS40-mediated inhibition of mTORC1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:12661-6. [PMID: 23842089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1301455110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), necessary for cellular growth, is regulated by intracellular signaling mediating inhibition of mTORC1 activation. Among mTORC1 regulatory binding partners, the role of Proline Rich AKT Substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40) in controlling mTORC1 activity and cellular growth in response to pathological and physiological stress in the heart has never been addressed. This report shows PRAS40 is regulated by AKT in cardiomyocytes and that AKT-driven phosphorylation relieves the inhibitory function of PRAS40. PRAS40 overexpression in vitro blocks mTORC1 in cardiomyocytes and decreases pathological growth. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression in vivo blunts pathological remodeling after pressure overload and preserves cardiac function. Inhibition of mTORC1 by PRAS40 preferentially promotes protective mTORC2 signaling in chronic diseased myocardium. In contrast, strong PRAS40 phosphorylation by AKT allows for physiological hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo, whereas cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of a PRAS40 mutant lacking capacity for AKT-phosphorylation inhibits physiological growth in vivo, demonstrating that AKT-mediated PRAS40 phosphorylation is necessary for induction of physiological hypertrophy. Therefore, PRAS40 phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch allowing mTORC1 activation during physiological growth, opening up unique possibilities for therapeutic regulation of the mTORC1 complex to mitigate pathologic myocardial hypertrophy by PRAS40.
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98
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Suppression of Induced microRNA-15b Prevents Rapid Loss of Cardiac Function in a Dicer Depleted Model of Cardiac Dysfunction. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66789. [PMID: 23840532 PMCID: PMC3686742 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dicer endonuclease, critical for maturation of miRNAs, is depleted in certain forms of cardiomyopathy which results in differential expression of certain microRNAs. We sought to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the rapid loss of cardiac function following cardiac-specific Dicer depletion in adult mice. Results Conditional Dicer deletion in the adult murine myocardium demonstrated compromised heart function, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant stress. Elevated miR-15b was observed as an early response to Dicer depletion and was found to silence Pim-1 kinase, a protein responsible for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function. Anti-miRNA based suppression of induced miRNA-15b rescued the function of Dicer-depleted adult heart and attenuated hypertrophy. Conclusions Anti-miRNA based suppression of inducible miRNA-15b can prevent rapid loss of cardiac function in a Dicer-depleted adult heart and can be a key approach worthy of therapeutic consideration.
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99
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Konstandin MH, Toko H, Gastelum GM, Quijada P, De La Torre A, Quintana M, Collins B, Din S, Avitabile D, Völkers M, Gude N, Fässler R, Sussman MA. Fibronectin is essential for reparative cardiac progenitor cell response after myocardial infarction. Circ Res 2013; 113:115-25. [PMID: 23652800 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.113.301152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Adoptive transfer of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has entered clinical application, despite limited mechanistic understanding of the endogenous response after myocardial infarction (MI). Extracellular matrix undergoes dramatic changes after MI and therefore might be linked to CPC-mediated repair. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the significance of fibronectin (Fn), a component of the extracellular matrix, for induction of the endogenous CPC response to MI. METHODS AND RESULTS This report shows that presence of CPCs correlates with the expression of Fn during cardiac development and after MI. In vivo, genetic conditional ablation of Fn blunts CPC response measured 7 days after MI through reduced proliferation and diminished survival. Attenuated vasculogenesis and cardiogenesis during recovery were evident at the end of a 12-week follow-up period. Impaired CPC-dependent reparative remodeling ultimately leads to continuous decline of cardiac function in Fn knockout animals. In vitro, Fn protects and induces proliferation of CPCs via β₁-integrin-focal adhesion kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-Pim1 independent of Akt. CONCLUSIONS Fn is essential for endogenous CPC expansion and repair required for stabilization of cardiac function after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias H Konstandin
- San Diego State University Integrated Regenerative Research Institute, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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100
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Cen B, Mahajan S, Wang W, Kraft AS. Elevation of receptor tyrosine kinases by small molecule AKT inhibitors in prostate cancer is mediated by Pim-1. Cancer Res 2013; 73:3402-11. [PMID: 23585456 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is hyperactivated in prostate cancer but its effective therapeutic targeting has proven difficult. In particular, the antitumor activity of AKT inhibitors is attenuated by upregulation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) through an uncharacterized feedback mechanism. In this report, we show that RNA interference-mediated silencing or pharmacologic inhibition of Pim-1 activity curtails AKT inhibitor-induced upregulation of RTKs in prostate cancer cells. Although Pim kinases have been implicated in cap-dependent translational control, we find that in the context of AKT inhibition, the expression of RTKs is controlled by Pim-1 in a cap-independent manner by controlling internal ribosome entry. Combination of Pim and AKT inhibitors resulted in synergistic inhibition of prostate tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results show that Pim-1 mediates resistance to AKT inhibition and suggest its targeting to improve the efficacy of AKT inhibitors in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cen
- Department of Medicine, and The Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC29425, USA.
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