51
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Di Meo A, Bartlett J, Cheng Y, Pasic MD, Yousef GM. Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:80. [PMID: 28410618 PMCID: PMC5391592 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing trend towards exploring the use of a minimally invasive "liquid biopsy" to identify biomarkers in a number of cancers, including urologic malignancies. Multiple aspects can be assessed in circulating cell-free DNA, including cell-free DNA levels, integrity, methylation and mutations. Other prospective liquid biopsy markers include circulating tumor cells, circulating RNAs (miRNA, lncRNAs and mRNAs), cell-free proteins, peptides and exosomes have also emerged as non-invasive cancer biomarkers. These circulating molecules can be detected in various biological fluids, including blood, urine, saliva and seminal plasma. Liquid biopsies hold great promise for personalized medicine due to their ability to provide multiple non-invasive global snapshots of the primary and metastatic tumors. Molecular profiling of circulating molecules has been a stepping-stone to the successful introduction of several non-invasive multi-marker tests into the clinic. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of cell-free DNA-based kidney, prostate and bladder cancer biomarker research and discuss the potential utility other circulating molecules. We will also discuss the challenges and limitations facing non-invasive cancer biomarker discovery and the benefits of this growing area of translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Di Meo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenni Bartlett
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yufeng Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Maria D Pasic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Joseph's Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George M Yousef
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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52
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Flores CP, García-Vázquez R, Rincón DG, Ruiz-García E, De La Vega HA, Marchat LA, Salinas Vera YM, López-Camarillo C. MicroRNAs driving invasion and metastasis in ovarian cancer: Opportunities for translational medicine (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1461-1476. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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53
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Liu Y, Hong W, Zhou C, Jiang Z, Wang G, Wei G, Li X. miR-539 inhibits FSCN1 expression and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma migration and invasion. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:2593-2602. [PMID: 28393215 PMCID: PMC5428223 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the dysregulation of miRNAs that act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes is involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of miR-539 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well investigated. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), proliferation assay, colony formation assay, migration and invasion assays, western blotting, and xenograft tumor growth models were performed to assess the expression levels and functions of miR-539 in HCC. Luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify and verify the targets of miR-539. miR-539 was significantly downregulated in HCC cell lines and tissue samples. Ectopic expression of miR-539 inhibited cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Fascin homologue 1 (FSCN1) was verified as a direct target of miR-539, and overexpression of FSCN1 promoted HCC cell migration and invasion. miR-539 acts as a novel tumor suppressor in the development and progression of HCC by targeting FSCN1, providing new insight into the mechanisms of HCC carcinogenesis and suggesting that miR-539 may be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of General Surgery, Ankang City Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, P.R. China
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Guangbing Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xuqi Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Wang W, Mani AM, Wu ZH. DNA damage-induced nuclear factor-kappa B activation and its roles in cancer progression. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2017; 3:45-59. [PMID: 28626800 PMCID: PMC5472228 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2017.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage is a vital challenge to cell homeostasis. Cellular responses to DNA damage (DDR) play essential roles in maintaining genomic stability and survival, whose failure could lead to detrimental consequences such as cancer development and aging. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a family of transcription factors that plays critical roles in cellular stress response. Along with p53, NF-κB modulates transactivation of a large number of genes which participate in various cellular processes involved in DDR. Here the authors summarize the recent progress in understanding DNA damage response and NF-κB signaling pathways. This study particularly focuses on DNA damage-induced NF-κB signaling cascade and its physiological and pathological significance in B cell development and cancer therapeutic resistance. The authors also discuss promising strategies for selectively targeting this genotoxic NF-κB signaling aiming to antagonize acquired resistance and resensitize refractory cancer cells to cytotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Arul M. Mani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Zhao-Hui Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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55
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Gandellini P, Doldi V, Zaffaroni N. microRNAs as players and signals in the metastatic cascade: Implications for the development of novel anti-metastatic therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 44:132-140. [PMID: 28344166 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence emerging from human tumor preclinical models clearly indicates that specific miRNAs, collectively termed "metastamirs," play a functional role in different steps of the metastatic cascade, by exerting either pro- or anti-metastatic functions, and behave as signaling mediators to enable tumor cell to colonize a specific organ. miRNAs also actively participate in the proficient interaction of cancer cells with tumor microenvironment, either at the primary or at the metastatic site. Circulating miRNAs, released by multiple cell types, following binding to proteins or encapsulation in extracellular vesicles, play a main role in this cross-talk by acting as transferrable messages. The documented involvement of specific miRNAs in the dissemination process has aroused interest in the development of miRNA-based strategies for the treatment of metastasis. Preclinical research carried out in tumor experimental models, using both miRNA replacement and miRNA inhibitory approaches, is encouraging towards translating miRNA-based strategies into human cancer therapy, based on the observed therapeutic activity in the absence of main toxicity. However, to accelerate their adoption in the clinic, further improvements in terms of efficacy and targeted delivery to the tumor are still necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gandellini
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Valentina Doldi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Serum microRNA Expression Profiling: Potential Diagnostic Implications of a Panel of Serum microRNAs for Clear Cell Renal Cell Cancer. Urology 2017; 104:64-69. [PMID: 28336290 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression profiles of 5 microRNAs in tissue and serum of patients with clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prospectively analyzed 30 patients of histologically proven ccRCC and collected 3 mL of serum preoperatively and small pieces of tumor and adjacent non-tumor renal tissue intraoperatively. Control serum samples were obtained from 15 patients of non-renal benign diseases. We analyzed 5 miRNAs-miR-34a, miR-141, miR-200c, miR-1233, and miR-21-2. Freshly collected samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and total RNA was extracted. cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine relative miRNA expression. RESULTS In the renal tissue and serum samples, 3 out of 5 miRNAs were differentially expressed; that is, the expression levels of miR-34a and miR-141 were significantly decreased, whereas that of miR-1233 was significantly increased. Serum miR-34a, miR-141, and miR-1233 were able to diagnose ccRCC with a sensitivity of 80.76%, 75%, and 93.33%, and specificity of 80%, 73.33%, and 100%, respectively, as compared to histopathology. Using a panel of 2 serum miRNAs (miR-141 and miR-1233) ccRCC can be diagnosed with 100% sensitivity and 73.3% specificity. CONCLUSION miRNAs are differentially expressed in serum of patients with ccRCC and can be used to diagnose ccRCC with high sensitivity and specificity. Diagnostic sensitivity can be further improved by using a panel of miRNAs and has the potential to serve as novel diagnostic markers of ccRCC.
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57
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Long non-coding RNA CASC2 in human cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 111:31-38. [PMID: 28259293 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs cover large part of the non-coding information of the human DNA, which represents more than 90% of the whole genome. They constitute a wide and complex group of molecules with more than 200 nucleotides, which generally lack an open reading frame, and are involved in various ways in the pathophysiology of cancer. Their roles in the regulation of gene expression, imprinting, transcription, and post-translational processing have been described in several types of cancer. CASC2 was discovered in 2004 in patients with endometrial carcinoma as a potential tumor suppressor. Since then, additional studies in other types of neoplasia have been carried out, and both mechanisms and interactions of CASC2 in cancer have been better elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CASC2 in the genesis, progression, and clinical management of human cancer.
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58
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Li W, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wu R, Yang AY, Gaspar J, Kong ANT. Dietary Phytochemicals and Cancer Chemoprevention: A Perspective on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2071-2095. [PMID: 27989132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when cellular reactive oxygen species levels exceed the self-antioxidant capacity of the body. Oxidative stress induces many pathological changes, including inflammation and cancer. Chronic inflammation is believed to be strongly associated with the major stages of carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation by manipulating key antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes via the antioxidant response element. Many dietary phytochemicals with cancer chemopreventive properties, such as polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and triterpenoids, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional alterations, also lead to various carcinogenesis processes by suppressing cancer repressor gene transcription. Using epigenetic research tools, including next-generation sequencing technologies, many dietary phytochemicals are shown to modify and reverse aberrant epigenetic/epigenome changes, potentially leading to cancer prevention/treatment. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals on cancer development warrant further investigation to provide additional impetus for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yue Guo
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John Gaspar
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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miR-125b controls monocyte adaptation to inflammation through mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Blood 2016; 128:3125-3136. [PMID: 27702798 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-697003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes drive monocyte differentiation and fate. Although abnormal mitochondria metabolism and innate immune responses participate in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, molecular events regulating mitochondrial activity to control life and death in monocytes remain poorly understood. We show here that, in human monocytes, microRNA-125b (miR-125b) attenuates the mitochondrial respiration through the silencing of the BH3-only proapoptotic protein BIK and promotes the elongation of the mitochondrial network through the targeting of the mitochondrial fission process 1 protein MTP18, leading to apoptosis. Proinflammatory activation of monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with a concomitant increase in miR-125b expression and decrease in BIK and MTP18 expression, which lead to reduced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial fusion. In a chronic inflammatory systemic disorder, CD14+ blood monocytes display reduced miR-125b expression as compared with healthy controls, inversely correlated with BIK and MTP18 messenger RNA expression. Our findings not only identify BIK and MTP18 as novel targets for miR-125b that control mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics, respectively, but also reveal a novel function for miR-125b in regulating metabolic adaptation of monocytes to inflammation. Together, these data unravel new molecular mechanisms for a proapoptotic role of miR-125b in monocytes and identify potential targets for interfering with excessive inflammatory activation of monocytes in inflammatory disorders.
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Abstract
Bone metastasis is a deadly complication of cancers arising from many different primary tumor locations. Cross talk between cancer and bone cells is a well-established driver of bone metastasis, and recent work reveals microRNA (miRNA) as key players in this communication. Functional significance of miRNA was first demonstrated in cancer cells and has now also been documented in bone cell differentiation and skeletal remodeling. Review of recent literature highlights how different miRNAs can impact each step of the metastatic process by acting in both tumor and the metastatic niche to exert pleiotropic effects. Additionally, whether a miRNA is ultimately pro- or anti-metastatic dependents on the context-varied or even opposite outcomes can be conferred by the same miRNA in different cancer/cell types. In spite of this complexity, emerging research has provided a wealth of knowledge to uncover the exciting potential of miRNA as new diagnostic tools and therapeutic treatments for cancer bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Baier
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Wang SM, Tie J, Wang WL, Hu SJ, Yin JP, Yi XF, Tian ZH, Zhang XY, Li MB, Li ZS, Nie YZ, Wu KC, Fan DM. POU2F2-oriented network promotes human gastric cancer metastasis. Gut 2016; 65:1427-38. [PMID: 26019213 PMCID: PMC5036257 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Aberrant upregulation of POU2F2 expression has been discovered in metastatic gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanisms underlying the aberrant upregulation and the potential functions of POU2F2 remain uncertain. DESIGN The role and mechanism of POU2F2 in GC metastasis were investigated in gastric epithelial cells, GC cell lines and an experimental metastasis animal model by gain of function and loss of function. Upstream and downstream targets of POU2F2 were selected by bioinformatics and identified by luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR. The influence of miR-218 on its putative target genes (POU2F2, ROBO1 and IKK-β) and GC metastasis was further explored via in vitro and in vivo approaches. RESULTS Increased POU2F2 expression was detected in metastatic GC cell lines and patient samples. POU2F2 was induced by the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and, in turn, regulated ROBO1 transcription, thus functionally contributing to GC metastasis. Finally, miR-218 was found to suppress GC metastasis by simultaneously mediating multiple molecules in the POU2F2-oriented network. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that NF-κB and the SLIT2/ROBO1 interaction network with POU2F2 as the central part may exert critical effects on tumour metastasis. Blocking the activation of the POU2F2-oriented metastasis network using miR-218 precursors exemplified a promising approach that sheds light on new strategies for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Lan Wang
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene and Health Service, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Si-Jun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji-Peng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zu-Hong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeng-Shan Li
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong-Zhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai-Chun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dai-Ming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Cheng Y, Zhang X, Li P, Yang C, Tang J, Deng X, Yang X, Tao J, Lu Q, Li P. MiR-200c promotes bladder cancer cell migration and invasion by directly targeting RECK. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5091-9. [PMID: 27574450 PMCID: PMC4993393 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that the dysregulation of certain microRNAs plays an important role in tumorigenesis and metastasis. MiR-200c exhibits a disordered expression in many tumors and presents dual roles in bladder cancer (BC). Therefore, the definite role of miR-200c in BC needs to be investigated further. Materials and methods Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess miR-200c expression. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays. The luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the direct target of miR-200c. The expression of reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) in BC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues, as well as in BC cell lines, was detected through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot assay, and immunohistochemistry. Results The miR-200c expression was significantly upregulated in the BC tissues compared with the adjacent nontumor tissues. The downregulation of miR-200c significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion in the BC cell lines. The luciferase reporter assay showed that RECK was a direct target of miR-200c. The knockdown of RECK in the BC cell lines treated with anti-miR-200c elevated the previously attenuated cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Our findings indicated that miR-200c functions as oncogenes in BC and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdi Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyuan Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaheng Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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63
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Gu L, Li H, Chen L, Ma X, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Zhang X. MicroRNAs as prognostic molecular signatures in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32545-60. [PMID: 26416448 PMCID: PMC4741711 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a systematic review of studies investigating the prognostic value of different microRNAs (miRs) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Twenty-seven relevant studies were identified, with a total of 2578 subjects. We found that elevated expression of miR-21, miR-1260b, miR-210, miR-100, miR-125b, miR-221, miR-630, and miR-497 was associated with a poor prognosis in RCC patients. Conversely, decreased expression of miR-106b, miR-99a, miR-1826, miR-215, miR-217, miR-187, miR-129–3p, miR-23b, miR-27b, and miR-126 was associated with a worse prognosis. We performed meta-analyses on studies to address the prognostic value of miR-21, miR-126, miR-210, and miR-221. This revealed that elevated miR-21 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–4.08), cancer specific survival (CSS; HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 2.49–6.95), and disease free survival (DFS; HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.16–3.98). The decreased expression of miR-126 was associated with shorter CSS (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.15–0.85), OS (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30–0.69), and DFS (HR 0.30; 95% CI, 0.18–0.50). Our comprehensive systematic review reveals that miRs, especially miR-21 and miR-126, could be promising prognostic markers and useful therapeutic targets in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Gu
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Li
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology/State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital/PLA Medical School, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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Thomsen KG, Terp MG, Lund RR, Søkilde R, Elias D, Bak M, Litman T, Beck HC, Lyng MB, Ditzel HJ. miR-155, identified as anti-metastatic by global miRNA profiling of a metastasis model, inhibits cancer cell extravasation and colonization in vivo and causes significant signaling alterations. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29224-39. [PMID: 26317550 PMCID: PMC4745722 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into miRNA regulation in metastasis formation, we used a metastasis cell line model that allows investigation of extravasation and colonization of circulating cancer cells to lungs in mice. Using global miRNA profiling, 28 miRNAs were found to exhibit significantly altered expression between isogenic metastasizing and non-metastasizing cancer cells, with miR-155 being the most differentially expressed. Highly metastatic mesenchymal-like CL16 cancer cells showed very low miR-155 expression, and miR-155 overexpression in these cells lead to significantly decreased tumor burden in lungs when injected intravenously in immunodeficient mice. Our experiments addressing the underlying mechanism of the altered tumor burden revealed that miR-155-overexpressing CL16 cells were less invasive than CL16 control cells in vitro, while miR-155 overexpression had no effect on cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis in established lung tumors. To identify proteins regulated by miR-155 and thus delineate its function in our cell model, we compared the proteome of xenograft tumors derived from miR-155-overexpressing CL16 cells and CL16 control cells using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. >4,000 proteins were identified, of which 92 were consistently differentially expressed. Network analysis revealed that the altered proteins were associated with cellular functions such as movement, growth and survival as well as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction. Downregulation of the three metastasis-associated proteins ALDH1A1, PIR and PDCD4 in miR-155-overexpressing tumors was validated by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that miR-155 inhibits the ability of cancer cells to extravasate and/or colonize at distant organs and brings additional insight into the complexity of miR-155 regulation in metastatic seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina G Thomsen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel G Terp
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rikke R Lund
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rolf Søkilde
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark
| | - Daniel Elias
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Bak
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Biomarker Discovery, Exiqon A/S, Vedbaek, Denmark
| | - Hans C Beck
- Centre for Clinical Proteomics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria B Lyng
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Henrik J Ditzel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Kai AK, Chan LK, Lo RC, Lee JM, Wong CC, Wong JC, Ng IO. Down-regulation of TIMP2 by HIF-1α/miR-210/HIF-3α regulatory feedback circuit enhances cancer metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2016; 64:473-87. [PMID: 27018975 PMCID: PMC5074303 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer metastasis is a multistep process that involves a series of tumor-stromal interaction, including extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, which requires a concerted action of multiple proteolytic enzymes and their endogenous inhibitors. This study investigated the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) 2 in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. We found that TIMP2 was the most significantly down-regulated member among the TIMP family in human HCCs. Moreover, TIMP2 underexpression was frequent (41.8%; 23 of 55) in human HCCs and was significantly associated with liver invasion and poorer survival outcomes of HCC patients. Furthermore, stable silencing of TIMP2 in HCC cell lines enhanced cell invasive ability and ECM degradation associated with formation of invadopodia-like feature, suggesting that TIMP2 is a negative regulator of HCC metastasis. Using an orthotopic tumor xenograft model, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of TIMP2 open reading frame in the highly metastatic HCC cell line, MHCC-97L, significantly reduced HCC progression as well as pulmonary metastasis. Mechanistically, TIMP2 suppression, in a hypoxic environment, was induced through a regulatory feedback circuit consisting of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 alpha, microRNA-210 (miR-210), and HIF-3α. CONCLUSION TIMP2 is frequently down-regulated in human HCCs and its down-regulation is associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poorer patient outcome. Its suppression is under the regulation of a novel feedback circuit consisting of HIF-1α/miR-210/HIF-3α. TIMP2 is an important regulator of ECM degradation and HCC metastasis. (Hepatology 2016;64:473-487).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ka‐Lun Kai
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Lo Kong Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Regina Cheuk‐Lam Lo
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Joyce Man‐Fong Lee
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Carmen Chak‐Lui Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Jack Chun‐Ming Wong
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Irene Oi‐Lin Ng
- State Key Laboratory for Liver ResearchThe University of Hong KongHong Kong,Department of PathologyThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
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66
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Tong YQ, Liu B, Zheng HY, Gu J, Liu H, Li F, Tan BH, Hartman M, Song C, Li Y. MiR-215, an activator of the CTNNBIP1/β-catenin pathway, is a marker of poor prognosis in human glioma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25024-33. [PMID: 26317904 PMCID: PMC4694812 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-215 (miR-215) promotes tumor growth in various human malignancies. However, its role has not yet been determined in human glioma. Here, we found that levels of miR-215 were higher in glioma tissues than in corresponding non-neoplastic brain tissue. High miR-215 expression was correlated with higher World Health Organization (WHO) grades and shorter overall survival. Multivariate and univariate analysis indicated that miR-215 expression was an independent prognostic factor. We also found that TGF-beta1, phosphorylated beta-catenin, alpha-SMA, and fibronectin were increased in glioma tissues. Additionally, CTNNBIP1, a direct target of miR-215, was decreased in glioma compared to adjacent normal tissue. These data indicate that miR-215 activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by increasing β-catenin phosphorylation, α-SMA expression, and fibronectin expression. It promotes TGF-β1-induced oncogenesis by suppressing CTNNBIP1 in glioma. In summary, miR-215 is overexpressed in human glioma, is involved in TGF-β1-induced oncogenesis, and can be used as a marker of poor prognosis in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China.,Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Pathology Affiliated Tianyou Hospital of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, PR China
| | - Hong-Yun Zheng
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Hang Liu
- Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Bi-Hua Tan
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Melanie Hartman
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine and Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China.,Clinical Molecular Diagnostic Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
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Lin RCY, Kirschner MB, Cheng YY, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. MicroRNA gene expression signatures in long-surviving malignant pleural mesothelioma patients. GENOMICS DATA 2016; 9:44-9. [PMID: 27408810 PMCID: PMC4925891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a tumor originating in the mesothelium, the membrane lining the thoracic cavities, and is induced by exposure to asbestos. Australia suffers one of the world's highest rates of MPM and the incidence is yet to peak. The prognosis for patients with MPM is poor and median survival following diagnosis is 4–18 months. Currently, no or few effective therapies exist for MPM. Trials of targeted agents such as antiangiogenic agents (VEGF, EGFR) or ribonuclease inhibitors (ranpirnase) largely failed to show efficacy in MPM Tsao et al. (2009) [1]. A recent study, however, showed that cisplatin/pemetrexed + bevacizumab (a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibit VEGF) treatment has a survival benefit of 2.7 months Zalcman et al. (2016) [2]. It remains to be seen if this targeted therapy will be accepted as a new standard for MPM. Thus the unmet needs of MPM patients remain very pronounced and almost every patient will be confronted with drug resistance and recurrence of disease. We have identified unique gene signatures associated with prolonged survival in mesothelioma patients undergoing radical surgery (EPP, extrapleural pneumonectomy), as well as patients who underwent palliative surgery (pleurectomy/decortication). In addition to data published in Molecular Oncology, 2015;9:715-26 (GSE59180) Kirschner et al. (2015) , we describe here additional data using a system-based approach that support our previous observations. This data provides a resource to further explore microRNA dynamics in MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby C Y Lin
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
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Targeting oncomiRNAs and mimicking tumor suppressor miRNAs: Νew trends in the development of miRNA therapeutic strategies in oncology (Review). Int J Oncol 2016; 49:5-32. [PMID: 27175518 PMCID: PMC4902075 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA or miR) therapeutics in cancer are based on targeting or mimicking miRNAs involved in cancer onset, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. Several studies conclusively have demonstrated that miRNAs are deeply involved in tumor onset and progression, either behaving as tumor-promoting miRNAs (oncomiRNAs and metastamiRNAs) or as tumor suppressor miRNAs. This review focuses on the most promising examples potentially leading to the development of anticancer, miRNA-based therapeutic protocols. The inhibition of miRNA activity can be readily achieved by the use of miRNA inhibitors and oligomers, including RNA, DNA and DNA analogues (miRNA antisense therapy), small molecule inhibitors, miRNA sponges or through miRNA masking. On the contrary, the enhancement of miRNA function (miRNA replacement therapy) can be achieved by the use of modified miRNA mimetics, such as plasmid or lentiviral vectors carrying miRNA sequences. Combination strategies have been recently developed based on the observation that i) the combined administration of different antagomiR molecules induces greater antitumor effects and ii) some anti-miR molecules can sensitize drug-resistant tumor cell lines to therapeutic drugs. In this review, we discuss two additional issues: i) the combination of miRNA replacement therapy with drug administration and ii) the combination of antagomiR and miRNA replacement therapy. One of the solid results emerging from different independent studies is that miRNA replacement therapy can enhance the antitumor effects of the antitumor drugs. The second important conclusion of the reviewed studies is that the combination of anti-miRNA and miRNA replacement strategies may lead to excellent results, in terms of antitumor effects.
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69
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Huang J, Sun C, Wang S, He Q, Li D. microRNA miR-10b inhibition reduces cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 11:2051-9. [PMID: 25988292 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common and serious types of cancer. Till now, the treatment of lung cancer has been unsatisfactory, which is associated with poor prognosis and high mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying lung tumorigenesis. To study the potential function of miR-10b involved in the regulation of lung tumors, we monitored NSCLC cell behaviour including proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle using CCK-8 and flow cytometry analysis. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-10b in 75 NSCLC patients' tissues and Western blot was also used to analyze the expression level of genes correlated with apoptosis in NSCLC cells. miR-10b expression levels were higher in NSCLC tissues compared with an adjacent normal tissue control. Silencing of miR-10b inhibited cancer cell progress by arresting cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase and promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Western blot analysis of miR-10b-silenced cells revealed up-regulation of apoptosis-inducing members Fas, FasL, Bax and caspase 3, and down-regulation of apoptosis-inhibiting factors Bcl-2 and PCNA. And, a significant inverse correlation between the level of miR-10b and klotho was observed, which has been demonstrated to be a novel tumor suppressor gene. A further in vivo tumor formation study in nude mice indicated that inhibition of miR-10b in lung cancer cells delayed the progress of tumor formation. These findings indicated that miR-10b might serve as a useful potential target for treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Huang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
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70
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Markou A, Zavridou M, Lianidou ES. miRNA-21 as a novel therapeutic target in lung cancer. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 7:19-27. [PMID: 28210157 PMCID: PMC5310696 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s60341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, and late diagnosis is one of the most important reasons for the high mortality rate. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in gene regulation and therefore in tumorigenesis. As far as lung carcinogenesis is concerned, miRNAs open novel fields in biomarker research, in diagnosis, and in therapy. In this review we focus on miR-21 in lung cancer and especially on how miR-21 is involved 1) as a biomarker in response or resistance to therapy or 2) as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Zavridou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi S Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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71
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Lima CR, Geraldo MV, Fuziwara CS, Kimura ET, Santos MF. MiRNA-146b-5p upregulates migration and invasion of different Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma cells. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:108. [PMID: 26883911 PMCID: PMC4754828 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor invasiveness is directly related to the ability of tumor cells to migrate and invade surrounding tissues, usually degrading extracellular matrix. Despite significant progress in the knowledge about migration and invasion, there is much more to elucidate about their regulatory mechanisms, especially in cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRs) were recently described as important regulators of migration. Differential expression of miRs in cancer is frequently associated with progression, invasion and metastasis. In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), miR-146b-5p is highly expressed and positively correlated to the degree of malignancy. Methods This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-146b-5p on the migratory and invasive behaviors of thyroid cells, using a non tumor rat thyroid follicular cell line (PCCl3) transfected with the miR-146b-5p genomic region, and two PTC cell lines (TPC-1 and BCPAP, bearing distinct oncogenic backgrounds), which express high levels of miR-146b-5p, after miR-146b inhibition by antagomiR and miR-146b overexpression by mimics-miR. Migration and invasion were studied by time-lapse and transwell assays (with and without Matrigel®). Gelatin degradation assays were also employed, as well as F-actin staining. Results Migration and invasion of PCCl3 were increased 2-3x after miR-146b-5p overexpression (10X) and large lamellipodia were evident in those cells. After miR-146b-5p inhibition, TPC-1 and BCPAP migration and invasion were significantly reduced, with cells showing several simultaneous processes and low polarity. Gelatin degradation was inhibited in TPC-1 cells after inhibition of miR-146b-5p, but was unaffected in BCPAP cells, which did not degrade gelatin. The inhibition of miR-146b-5p in PCCl3 also inhibited migration and invasion, and additional (exogenous) overexpression of this miR in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells increased migration and invasion, without effects on cell morphology or gelatin degradation. The overexpression of SMAD4 in BCPAP cells, a validated target of miR-146b-5p and key protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, inhibited migration similarly to the effects observed with the antagomiR 146b-5p. Conclusions miR-146b-5p positively regulates migration and invasion of thyroid normal and tumor follicular cells (independently from their original mutation, either BRAF or RET/PTC), through a mechanism that involves the actin cytoskeleton but not an increased capacity of matrix degradation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2146-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cilene Rebouças Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Murilo Vieira Geraldo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marinilce Fagundes Santos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Prédio I, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Saldanha G, Potter L, Lee YS, Watson S, Shendge P, Pringle JH. MicroRNA-21 expression and its pathogenetic significance in cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:21-8. [PMID: 26731559 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Identification of prognostic biomarkers is timely for melanoma as clinicians seek ways to stratify patients for molecular therapy. MicroRNAs are promising as tissue biomarkers because they can be assayed directly from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical samples. We previously reported that microRNA-21 (miR-21) was strongly expressed in melanoma relative to naevi and now sought to further assess the significance of this by assessing its relationship with its putative target, PTEN. Clinical melanoma samples were analysed by immunohistochemical analysis for PTEN, stem-loop qRT-PCR for miR-21 and PCR for BRAF/NRAS mutation status. Cell lines were investigated for the effect of anti-miR-21 on PTEN. A total of 81 clinical melanocytic tumour samples were investigated, with uniformly high PTEN expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm of naevi and with preferential loss of PTEN expression in the nucleus of melanoma cells. miR-21 expression was inversely associated with nuclear PTEN expression but not with cytoplasmic PTEN expression. An anti-miR-21 preferentially altered nuclear PTEN in melanoma cell lines. The presence of a BRAF or NRAS mutation had no significant effect on miR-21 expression. These data suggest miR-21 may exert an oncogenic effect in melanoma by favouring redistribution of PTEN to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Saldanha
- aDepartment of Cancer Studies, University of Leicester bEMPATH, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Rasti A, Mehrazma M, Madjd Z, Keshtkar AA, Roudi R, Babashah S. Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of miR-21 in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009667. [PMID: 26729387 PMCID: PMC4716203 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm in adult kidneys. One of the most important unmet medical needs in RCC is a prognostic biomarker to enable identification of patients at high risk of relapse after nephrectomy. New biomarkers can help improve diagnosis and hence the management of patients with renal cancer. Thus, this systematic review aims to clarify the prognostic and diagnostic accuracy of miR-21 in patients with RCC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will include observational studies evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic roles of miR-21 in patients with renal cancer. The index test and reference standards should ideally be performed on all patients. We will search PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science with no restriction of language. The outcome will be survival measures in adult patients with RCC. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. QUADAS-1 will be used to assess study quality. Publication bias and data synthesis will be assessed by funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests using Stata software V.11.1. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER This systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42015025001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Rasti
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrazma
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Klinge CM. miRNAs regulated by estrogens, tamoxifen, and endocrine disruptors and their downstream gene targets. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 418 Pt 3:273-97. [PMID: 25659536 PMCID: PMC4523495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (22 nucleotides), single-stranded, non-coding RNAs that form complimentary base-pairs with the 3' untranslated region of target mRNAs within the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and block translation and/or stimulate mRNA transcript degradation. The non-coding miRBase (release 21, June 2014) reports that human genome contains ∼ 2588 mature miRNAs which regulate ∼ 60% of human protein-coding mRNAs. Dysregulation of miRNA expression has been implicated in estrogen-related diseases including breast cancer and endometrial cancer. The mechanism for estrogen regulation of miRNA expression and the role of estrogen-regulated miRNAs in normal homeostasis, reproduction, lactation, and in cancer is an area of great research and clinical interest. Estrogens regulate miRNA transcription through estrogen receptors α and β in a tissue-specific and cell-dependent manner. This review focuses primarily on the regulation of miRNA expression by ligand-activated ERs and their bona fide gene targets and includes miRNA regulation by tamoxifen and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in breast cancer and cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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Liu G, Liu Y, Yang Z, Wang J, Li D, Zhang X. Tumor suppressor microRNA-18a regulates tumor proliferation and invasion by targeting TBPL1 in colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7643-8. [PMID: 26398009 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of microRNA have rendered microRNAs (miRNAs) a compelling novel class of biomarker in cancer biology. However, the specific function of miRNA‑18a (miR‑18a) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. In the present study, the role of miR‑18a in the carcinogenesis of CRC was investigated. miR‑18a expression was assessed in CRC specimens and cell lines using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The targets of miR‑18a were predicted using bioinformatics tools. Luciferase reporter assays were used to confirm the functional association between miR‑18a and its target genes. The effect of miR‑18a on cell proliferation, invasion and migration was confirmed in vitro by a methylthiazol tetrazolium assay, cell invasion assay, and wound healing assay. Gene and protein expression was examined using RT‑qPCR and western blotting, respectively. It was demonstrated that the expression of miR‑18a in CRC tissues and cell lines was markedly lower than in normal control tissues and cells, respectively. In addition, miR‑18a inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and migration in CRC cells. Moreover, TATA box‑binding protein‑like protein 1 (TBPL1) was identified as a potential target gene of miR‑18a in the bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays, and miR‑18a directly inhibited TBPL1 expression by targeting its 3'‑untranslated region. Furthermore, TBPL1 was downregulated and inversely correlated with miR‑18a expression in tissues. These findings demonstrate that miR‑18a exhibits a protective role in CRC via inhibiting proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells by directly targeting the TBPL1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiefu Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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76
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Tang HM, To SST. Targeting strategies on miRNA-21 and PDCD4 for glioblastoma. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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77
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Sciamanna I, Gualtieri A, Piazza PF, Spadafora C. Regulatory roles of LINE-1-encoded reverse transcriptase in cancer onset and progression. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8039-51. [PMID: 25478632 PMCID: PMC4226666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
LINE-1 retrotransposons encode the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme, required for their own mobility, the expression of which is inhibited in differentiated tissues while being active in tumors. Experimental evidence indicate that the inhibition of LINE-1-derived RT restores differentiation in cancer cells, inhibits tumor progression and yields globally reprogrammed transcription profiles. Newly emerging data suggest that LINE-1-encoded RT modulates the biogenesis of miRNAs, by governing the balance between the production of regulatory double-stranded RNAs and RNA:DNA hybrid molecules, with a direct impact on global gene expression. Abnormally high RT activity unbalances the transcriptome in cancer cells, while RT inhibition restores ‘normal’ miRNA profiles and their regulatory networks. This RT-dependent mechanism can target the myriad of transcripts - both coding and non-coding, sense and antisense - in eukaryotic transcriptomes, with a profound impact on cell fates. LINE-1-encoded RT emerges therefore as a key regulator of a previously unrecognized mechanism in tumorigenesis
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78
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Taylor MA, Schiemann WP. Therapeutic Opportunities for Targeting microRNAs in Cancer. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2015; 2:1-13. [PMID: 25717380 PMCID: PMC4337831 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that can function as either powerful tumor promoters or suppressors in numerous types of cancer. The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. Recently, accumulating preclinical studies have illustrated the feasibility of slowing tumor progression by either overexpressing tumor suppressive miRNAs, or by neutralizing the activities of oncogenic miRNAs in cell- and animal-based models of cancer. Here we highlight prominent miRNAs that may represent potential therapeutic targets in human malignancies, as well as review current technologies available for inactivating or restoring miRNA activity in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Taylor
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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79
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Sachdeva M, Whitley MJ, Mito JK, Ma Y, Lev DC, Cardona DM, Kirsch DG. MicroRNA-16 suppresses metastasis in an orthotopic, but not autochthonous, mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:867-75. [PMID: 26044957 PMCID: PMC4527278 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis in a tumor-specific manner. We recently demonstrated that global downregulation of miRNAs after deleting dicer can promote development of distant metastases in a mouse model of primary soft tissue sarcoma (STS). In this study, we identified miRNAs that are differentially downregulated in metastatic STS in both human and mouse, and investigated the role of these miRNAs in metastasis. miRNA- TaqMan PCR arrays showed a global downregulation of miRNAs in metastatic human sarcomas. Similar analysis in mouse metastatic sarcomas revealed overlap for several downregulated miRNAs including miR-16, miR-103, miR-146a, miR-223, miR-342 and miR-511. Restoration of these downregulated miRNAs in mouse primary sarcoma cell lines showed that miR-16, but not other downregulated miRNAs, was able to significantly suppress both migration and invasion in vitro, without altering cell proliferation. In addition, orthotopic transplantation of a sarcoma cell line stably expressing miR-16 into the muscle of immunocompromised mice revealed that restoration of miR-16 can significantly decrease lung metastasis in vivo. However, no change in the rate of lung metastasis was observed when miR-16 was deleted in mouse primary sarcomas at sarcoma initiation. Taken together, these results indicate that miR-16 can have metastasis-suppressing properties both in vitro and in vivo. However, the loss-of-function experiments in autochthonous tumors indicate that loss of miR-16 is not sufficient to promote metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Sachdeva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC NC27708, USA
| | - Melody J Whitley
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Mito
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC NC27708, USA
| | - Dina C Lev
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Diana M Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - David G Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC NC27708, USA Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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80
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Jung HM, Benarroch Y, Chan EK. Anti-Cancer Drugs Reactivate Tumor Suppressor miR-375 Expression in Tongue Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:836-43. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Min Jung
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Yoel Benarroch
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
| | - Edward K.L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida
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81
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Low Expression of miR-126 Is a Prognostic Marker for Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:693-703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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82
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Markou A, Lianidou E, Georgoulias V. Metastasis-related miRNAs: a new way to differentiate patients with higher risk? Future Oncol 2015; 11:365-7. [DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Markou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evi Lianidou
- Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells, Lab of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
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83
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MicroRNA-29b regulates migration in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:170-7. [PMID: 25435433 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MicroRNA (miRNA) machinery regulates cancer cell behavior, and has been implicated in patients' clinical status and prognosis. We found that microRNA-29b (miR-29b) increased significantly in advanced migratory cells. However, miR-29b controls the migration ability, and its regulatory mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We triggered miR-29b expression in OSCC patients and cell lines by conducting real-time quantitative PCR. We determined the functions of miR-29b in the migration of OSCC cells by using gain- and loss-of-function approaches. We elevated the target genes of miR29b through software predictions and a luciferase report assay. We used an orthotopic OSCC animal model to investigate the effects of miR29b on OSCC cell metastasis in vivo. RESULTS The clinical data revealed that miR-29b expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an advanced tumor stage in 98 OSCC patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that miR-29b expression was significantly correlated with recurrence, and indicated poor survival. MiR-29b promoted OSCC cell migration and downregulated CX3CL1, a cell-cell adhesion regulator, which plays an essential role in miR-29b-regulated OSCC cell migration machinery. Furthermore, we found that CX3CL1 expression was correlated with lymph node metastasis and an early tumor stage in OSCC patients, and negatively correlated with miR-29b expression. CONCLUSION MiR-29b acts as an oncomir, promoting cell migration through CX3CL1 suppression, and could be a potential therapeutic target for preventing OSCC progression.
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84
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Shalaby T, Fiaschetti G, Baumgartner M, Grotzer MA. MicroRNA signatures as biomarkers and therapeutic target for CNS embryonal tumors: the pros and the cons. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21554-86. [PMID: 25421247 PMCID: PMC4264241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system represent a heterogeneous group of childhood cancers with an unknown pathogenesis; diagnosis, on the basis of histological appearance alone, is controversial and patients’ response to therapy is difficult to predict. They encompass medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and a group of primitive neuroectodermal tumors. All are aggressive tumors with the tendency to disseminate throughout the central nervous system. The large amount of genomic and molecular data generated over the last 5–10 years encourages optimism that new molecular targets will soon improve outcomes. Recent neurobiological studies have uncovered the key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in embryonal tumors biology and their potential use as biomarkers is increasingly being recognized and investigated. However the successful use of microRNAs as reliable biomarkers for the detection and management of pediatric brain tumors represents a substantial challenge. This review debates the importance of miRNAs in the biology of central nervous systemembryonal tumors focusing on medulloblastoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors and highlights the advantages as well as the limitations of their prospective application as biomarkers and candidates for molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Shalaby
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Giulio Fiaschetti
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Baumgartner
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
| | - Michael A Grotzer
- Department of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich 8032, Switzerland.
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85
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Sciamanna I, Gualtieri A, Cossetti C, Osimo EF, Ferracin M, Macchia G, Aricò E, Prosseda G, Vitullo P, Misteli T, Spadafora C. A tumor-promoting mechanism mediated by retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase is active in human transformed cell lines. Oncotarget 2014; 4:2271-87. [PMID: 24345856 PMCID: PMC3926826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LINE-1 elements make up the most abundant retrotransposon family in the human genome. Full-length LINE-1 elements encode a reverse transcriptase (RT) activity required for their own retrotranpsosition as well as that of non-autonomous Alu elements. LINE-1 are poorly expressed in normal cells and abundantly in cancer cells. Decreasing RT activity in cancer cells, by either LINE-1-specific RNA interference, or by RT inhibitory drugs, was previously found to reduce proliferation and promote differentiation and to antagonize tumor growth in animal models. Here we have investigated how RT exerts these global regulatory functions. We report that the RT inhibitor efavirenz (EFV) selectively downregulates proliferation of transformed cell lines, while exerting only mild effects on non-transformed cells; this differential sensitivity matches a differential RT abundance, which is high in the former and undetectable in the latter. Using CsCl density gradients, we selectively identify Alu and LINE-1 containing DNA:RNA hybrid molecules in cancer but not in normal cells. Remarkably, hybrid molecules fail to form in tumor cells treated with EFV under the same conditions that repress proliferation and induce the reprogramming of expression profiles of coding genes, microRNAs (miRNAs) and ultraconserved regions (UCRs). The RT-sensitive miRNAs and UCRs are significantly associated with Alu sequences. The results suggest that LINE-1-encoded RT governs the balance between single-stranded and double-stranded RNA production. In cancer cells the abundant RT reverse-transcribes retroelement-derived mRNAs forming RNA:DNA hybrids. We propose that this impairs the formation of double-stranded RNAs and the ensuing production of small regulatory RNAs, with a direct impact on gene expression. RT inhibition restores the ‘normal’ small RNA profile and the regulatory networks that depend on them. Thus, the retrotransposon-encoded RT drives a previously unrecognized mechanism crucial to the transformed state in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Sciamanna
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
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86
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Circulating microRNA 483-5p as a novel biomarker for diagnosis survival prediction in multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2014; 31:219. [PMID: 25216866 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of miRNA expression plays an important role in cancer development, and circulating miRNAs are biomarkers of several cancers. We explored whether the miRNAs in plasma could be useful clinical biomarkers for multiple myeloma. miRNA microarray was conducted to identify elevation of four miRNAs and reduced levels of eight miRNAs in the plasma of nine multiple myeloma patients and seven healthy controls. Increased miR-483-5p levels and decreased miR-20a were further validated in the plasma of 40 myeloma patients and 20 healthy controls using TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that miR-483-5p and miR-20a had considerable diagnostic accuracy, yielding the areas under the ROC curve of 0.745 (sensitivity 58%, specificity 90%) and 0.74 (sensitivity 63%, specificity 85%), respectively. Plasma levels of miR-483-5p were associated with ISS staging. Within 14 months of diagnosis, the median progression-free survival of patients with high levels of plasma miR-483-5p was 15 months, in comparison with 21 months for patients with low levels of plasma miR-483-5p (p=0.025). However, miR-20a levels were not correlated with progression-free survival (p>0.05). miR-483-5p has the potential to be a predictor of myeloma survival.
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87
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Sachdeva M, Mito JK, Lee CL, Zhang M, Li Z, Dodd RD, Cason D, Luo L, Ma Y, Van Mater D, Gladdy R, Lev DC, Cardona DM, Kirsch DG. MicroRNA-182 drives metastasis of primary sarcomas by targeting multiple genes. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:4305-19. [PMID: 25180607 DOI: 10.1172/jci77116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis causes most cancer deaths, but is incompletely understood. MicroRNAs can regulate metastasis, but it is not known whether a single miRNA can regulate metastasis in primary cancer models in vivo. We compared the expression of miRNAs in metastatic and nonmetastatic primary mouse sarcomas and found that microRNA-182 (miR-182) was markedly overexpressed in some tumors that metastasized to the lungs. By utilizing genetically engineered mice with either deletion of or overexpression of miR-182 in primary sarcomas, we discovered that deletion of miR-182 substantially decreased, while overexpression of miR-182 considerably increased, the rate of lung metastasis after amputation of the tumor-bearing limb. Additionally, deletion of miR-182 decreased circulating tumor cells (CTCs), while overexpression of miR-182 increased CTCs, suggesting that miR-182 regulates intravasation of cancer cells into the circulation. We identified 4 miR-182 targets that inhibit either the migration of tumor cells or the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Notably, restoration of any of these targets in isolation did not alter the metastatic potential of sarcoma cells injected orthotopically, but the simultaneous restoration of all 4 targets together substantially decreased the number of metastases. These results demonstrate that a single miRNA can regulate metastasis of primary tumors in vivo by coordinated regulation of multiple genes.
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88
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Bao Y, Chen Z, Guo Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Han W, Wang J, Zhao W, Jiao Y, Li K, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhang H, Wang L, Yang W. Tumor suppressor microRNA-27a in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression by targeting SGPP1 and Smad2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105991. [PMID: 25166914 PMCID: PMC4148394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. This study showed that the miRNA-27a (miR-27a) was significantly reduced in colorectal cancer tissues and colorectal cancer cell lines, and that the reduced miR-27a was associated with distant metastasis and colorectal cancer clinical pathological stages-miR-27a was lower at stages III/IV than that at stage II. Bioinformatic and systemic biological analysis predicted several targets of miR-27a, among them SGPP1 and Smad2 were significantly affected. SGPP1 and Smad2 at mRNA and protein levels were negatively correlated with miR-27a in human colorectal cancer tissues and cancer cell lines. Increased miR-27a significantly repressed SGPP1 and Smad2 at transcriptional and translational levels. Functional studies showed that increasing miR-27a inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and attenuated cell migration, which were also linked to downregulation of p-STAT3 and upregulation of cleaved caspase 3. In vivo, miR-27a inhibited colon cancer cell growth in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, this study has revealed miR-27a as a tumor suppressor and has identified SGPP1 and Smad2 as novel targets of miR-27a, linking to STAT3 for regulating cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in colorectal cancer. Therefore, miR-27a could be a useful biomarker for monitoring colorectal cancer development and progression, and also could have a therapeutic potential by targeting SGPP1, Smad2 and STAT3 for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Bao
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongchen Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yansheng Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zexin Li
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Wenliang Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yunjuan Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wancai Yang
- Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China,Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America,* E-mail:
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89
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SRF expedites metastasis and modulates the epithelial to mesenchymal transition by regulating miR-199a-5p expression in human gastric cancer. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1900-13. [PMID: 25080937 PMCID: PMC4227147 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of transcription factors (TFs) is associated with tumor progression, but little is known about TF expression patterns in the context of gastric cancer (GC) metastasis. Using array-based profile analysis, we found that 22 TFs showed differential activities between GC cell lines with low- and high-metastatic potential. Of this group of TFs, serum response factor (SRF) was significantly upregulated in metastatic GC cells. SRF expression was frequently elevated in a panel of metastatic GC cells and tissues, and high-level expression of SRF was significantly associated with a more aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in patients with GC. In GC cell lines, overexpression of SRF potently promoted cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as the formation of intrahepatic and pulmonary metastases in vivo, whereas loss of SRF inhibited GC cell invasion and metastasis. We also performed a microRNA microarray to screen for transcriptional targets of SRF and found that SRF transactivates miR-199a-5p and miR-199a-3p by directly binding to their promoters. We further determined that overexpression of miR-199a-5p, but not miR-199a-3p, increased GC cell invasion and metastasis. In contrast, inhibition of miR-199a-5p impaired the metastatic potential of GC cells in vitro and in vivo, and E-cadherin was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-199a-5p in GC cells. Specifically, our results showed that SRF promotes GC metastasis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) though miR-199a-5p-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin. The present study thus provides insight into the specific biological behavior of SRF in GC metastasis. As increased activity of the SRF/miR-199a-5p/E-cadherin pathway appears to promote GC cell EMT and metastasis, these regulators may therefore be developed as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for GC progression.
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90
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Teng Y, Litchfield LM, Ivanova MM, Prough RA, Clark BJ, Klinge CM. Dehydroepiandrosterone-induces miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells through estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 392:23-36. [PMID: 24845419 PMCID: PMC4074919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although oncomiR miR-21 is highly expressed in liver and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), its regulation is uncharacterized. We examined the effect of physiologically relevant nanomolar concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) on miR-21 expression in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. 10nM DHEA and DHEA-S increase pri-miR-21 transcription in HepG2 cells. Dietary DHEA increased miR-21 in vivo in mouse liver. siRNA and inhibitor studies suggest that DHEA-S requires desulfation for activity and that DHEA-induced pri-miR-21 transcription involves metabolism to androgen and estrogen receptor (AR and ER) ligands. Activation of ERβ and AR by DHEA metabolites androst-5-ene-3,17-dione (ADIONE), androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol (ADIOL), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-Adiol) increased miR-21 transcription. DHEA-induced miR-21 increased cell proliferation and decreased Pdcd4 protein, a bona fide miR-21. Estradiol (E2) inhibited miR-21 expression via ERα. DHEA increased ERβ and AR recruitment to the miR-21 promoter within the VMP1/TMEM49 gene, with possible significance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Teng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Lacey M Litchfield
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Russell A Prough
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Barbara J Clark
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Center for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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91
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MicroRNA profiling in Muc2 knockout mice of colitis-associated cancer model reveals epigenetic alterations during chronic colitis malignant transformation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99132. [PMID: 24941171 PMCID: PMC4062425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that genetic deletion of the Muc2 gene causes colorectal cancers in mice. The current study further showed that at the early stage (<3 months) the Muc2 knockout mice spontaneously developed chronic inflammation in colon and rectum, similar pathological features as human colitis; and at the late stage (>3 months) the mice exhibited colorectal cancer, including a unique phenotype of rectal prolapsed (rectal severe inflammation and adenocarcinoma). Thus, the age of 3 months might be the key point of the transition from chronic inflammation to cancer. To determine the mechanisms of the malignant transformation, we conducted miRNA array on the colonic epithelial cells from the 3-month Muc2-/- and +/+ mice. MicroRNA profiling showed differential expression of miRNAs (i.e. lower or higher expression enrichments) in Muc2-/- mice. 15 of them were validated by quantitative PCR. Based on relevance to cytokine and cancer, 4 miRNAs (miR-138, miR-145, miR-146a, and miR-150) were validate and were found significantly downregulated in human colitis and colorectal cancer tissues. The network of the targets of these miRNAs was characterized, and interestedly, miRNA-associated cytokines were significantly increased in Muc2-/-mice. This is the first to reveal the importance of aberrant expression of miRNAs in dynamically transformation from chronic colitis to colitis-associated cancer. These findings shed light on revealing the mechanisms of chronic colitis malignant transformation.
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92
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Significance and therapeutic value of miRNAs in embryonal neural tumors. Molecules 2014; 19:5821-62. [PMID: 24806581 PMCID: PMC6271640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumors of the nervous system are the leading cause of childhood cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Medulloblastoma, supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor and neuroblastoma account for more than 20% of childhood malignancies and typify the current neural embryonal tumor model in pediatric oncology. Mechanisms driving the formation of these tumors point towards impaired differentiation of neuronal and neuron-associated cells during the development of the nervous system as an important factor. The importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) for proper embryonic cell function has been confirmed and their aberrant expressions have been linked to tumor development. The role of miRNAs in controlling essential regulators of key pathways implicated in tumor development makes their use in diagnostics a powerful tool to be used for early detection of cancer, risk assessment and prognosis, as well as for the design of innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review we focus on the significance of miRNAs involved in the biology of embryonal neural tumors, delineate their clinical significance and discuss their potential as a novel therapeutic target.
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93
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Xu L, Huang Y, Chen D, He J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liu X. Downregulation of miR-21 increases cisplatin sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:214-20. [PMID: 24906642 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that plasma miR-21 is a biomarker of chemotherapeutic response in lung cancer, but the influence of miR-21 on the sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to cisplatin (DDP) has not been confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-21 in NSCLC sensitivity to DDP in vitro and in vivo. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect miR-21 expression in lung cancer cell lines. Synthesized locked nucleic acid (LNA) anti-miR-21 was transiently transfected into A549 cells and pre-miR-21 was transfected into SK-MES-1 cells. We also investigated the effects of miR-21 downregulation and upregulation on growth and colony formation in DDP-treated cells. Finally, the effect of miR-21 downregulation on in vivo sensitivity of A549 cells to DDP was determined in BALB/c nude mice. miR-21 expression was significantly higher in A549 than in other lung cancer cell lines. LNA-based knockdown of miR-21 significantly inhibited growth and induced death in A549 cells, possibly via apoptotic signaling. Pre-miR-21 significantly promoted growth and inhibited death in SK-MES-1 cells. Moreover, ectopic suppression of miR-21 sensitized A549 cells to DDP in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that miR-21 suppression enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to DDP in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Xu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongdong Chen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianying He
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangyu Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongkui Zhang
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic surgery, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhejiang, China.
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94
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Silencing miR-21 sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells to ionizing radiation through inhibition of PI3K/Akt. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:617868. [PMID: 24804226 PMCID: PMC3997135 DOI: 10.1155/2014/617868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in radiotherapy resistance of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and the underlying molecular mechanism. A549 cells were transfected with anti-miR-21 or the negative control oligonucleotides and real-time PCR was applied to detect miR-21 expression level. After ionizing radiation (IR), the survival fractions, proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of phosphorylated-Akt of A549 cells were determined by clonogenic survival analysis, MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Downregulation of miR-21 in radioresistant NSCLC A549 cells inhibited the colony-forming ability and proliferation of A549 cells after IR. Moreover, silencing miR-21 enhanced apoptosis of A549 cells induced by IR accompanied by decreased phosphorylated-Akt protein level. However, PI3K activator IGF-1 reversed suppression of phosphorylated-Akt protein level and promotion of apoptosis of A549 cells after IR caused by miR-21 knockdown. Silencing miR-21 in radioresistant NSCLC A549 cells sensitized them to IR by inhibiting cell proliferation and enhancing cell apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This might help in sensitization of NSCLC to radiotherapy.
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95
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miR-217 inhibits invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells through direct suppression of E2F3. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 392:289-96. [PMID: 24671492 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly due to the development of invasion and metastasis. Recent data strongly suggests the important role of miRNAs in cancer progression, including invasion and metastasis. Here, we found miR-217 expression was much lower in highly invasive MHCC-97H HCC cells and metastatic HCC tissues. Restored miR-217 expression with miR-217 mimics inhibited invasion of MHCC-97H cells. Inversely, miR-217 inhibition enhanced the invasive ability of Huh7 and MHCC-97L cells. Mechanically, bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental analysis demonstrated E2F3 was a novel direct target of miR-217. Moreover, E2F3 protein level was positively associated with HCC metastasis and functional analysis confirmed the positive role of E2F3 in HCC cell invasion. Our findings suggest miR-217 function as a potential tumor suppressor in HCC progression and miR-217-E2F3 axis may be a novel candidate for developing rational therapeutic strategies.
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96
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Differentially expressed miRNAs in Ewing sarcoma compared to mesenchymal stem cells: low miR-31 expression with effects on proliferation and invasion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93067. [PMID: 24667836 PMCID: PMC3965523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma, the second most common bone tumor in children and young adults, is an aggressive malignancy with a strong potential to metastasize. Ewing sarcoma is characterised by translocations encoding fusion transcription factors with an EWSR1 transactivation domain fused to an ETS family DNA binding domain. microRNAs are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and aberrantly expressed microRNAs have been identified as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in most cancer types. To identify potential oncogenic and tumor suppressor microRNAs in Ewing sarcoma, we determined and compared the expression of 377 microRNAs in 40 Ewing sarcoma biopsies, 6 Ewing sarcoma cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells, the putative cellular origin of Ewing sarcoma, from 6 healthy donors. Of the 35 differentially expressed microRNAs identified (fold change >4 and q<0.05), 19 were higher and 16 lower expressed in Ewing sarcoma. In comparisons between Ewing sarcoma samples with EWS-FLI or EWS-ERG translocations, with differing dissemination characteristics and of primary samples and metastases no significantly differential expressed microRNAs were detected using various stringency criteria. For miR-31, the microRNA with lowest expression in comparison to mesenchymal stem cells, functional analyses were performed to determine its potential as a tumor suppressor in Ewing sarcoma. Two of four miR-31 transfected Ewing sarcoma cell lines showed a significantly reduced proliferation (19% and 33% reduction) due to increased apoptosis in one and increased length of G1-phase in the other cell line. All three tested miR-31 transfected Ewing sarcoma cell lines showed significantly reduced invasiveness (56% to 71% reduction). In summary, we identified 35 microRNAs differentially expressed in Ewing sarcoma and demonstrate that miR-31 affects proliferation and invasion of Ewing sarcoma cell lines in ex vivo assays.
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97
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Duroux-Richard I, Pers YM, Fabre S, Ammari M, Baeten D, Cartron G, Touitou I, Jorgensen C, Apparailly F. Circulating miRNA-125b is a potential biomarker predicting response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:342524. [PMID: 24778468 PMCID: PMC3980876 DOI: 10.1155/2014/342524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although biologic therapies have changed the course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), today's major challenge remains to identify biomarkers to target treatments to selected patient groups. Circulating micro(mi)RNAs represent a novel class of molecular biomarkers whose expression is altered in RA. Our study aimed at quantifying miR-125b in blood and serum samples from RA patients, comparing healthy controls and patients with other forms of rheumatic diseases and arthritis, and evaluating its predictive value as biomarker for response to rituximab. Detectable levels of miR-125b were measured in total blood and serum samples and were significantly elevated in RA patients compared to osteoarthritic and healthy donors. The increase was however also found in patients with other forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Importantly, high serum levels of miR-125b at disease flare were associated with good clinical response to treatment with rituximab three months later (P = 0.002). This predictive value was not limited to RA as it was also found in patients with B lymphomas. Our results identify circulating miR-125b as a novel miRNA over expressed in RA and suggest that serum level of miR-125b is potential predictive biomarker of response to rituximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Duroux-Richard
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases, CHU Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Fabre
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases, CHU Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Meryem Ammari
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Département d'Hématologie, CHU Saint Eloi, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
- UMR-CNRS 5235, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Touitou
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Unité des Maladies Autoinflammatoires, Laboratoire de Génétique, CHU Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases, CHU Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Apparailly
- Inserm U844, CHU Saint Eloi, Bâtiment INM, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- Université Montpellier I, UFR de Médecine, Boulevard Henri IV, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Clinical Department for Osteoarticular Diseases, CHU Lapeyronie, Avenue Gaston Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France
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98
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Pérez-Rivas LG, Jerez JM, Carmona R, de Luque V, Vicioso L, Claros MG, Viguera E, Pajares B, Sánchez A, Ribelles N, Alba E, Lozano J. A microRNA signature associated with early recurrence in breast cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91884. [PMID: 24632820 PMCID: PMC3954835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent breast cancer occurring after the initial treatment is associated with poor outcome. A bimodal relapse pattern after surgery for primary tumor has been described with peaks of early and late recurrence occurring at about 2 and 5 years, respectively. Although several clinical and pathological features have been used to discriminate between low- and high-risk patients, the identification of molecular biomarkers with prognostic value remains an unmet need in the current management of breast cancer. Using microarray-based technology, we have performed a microRNA expression analysis in 71 primary breast tumors from patients that either remained disease-free at 5 years post-surgery (group A) or developed early (group B) or late (group C) recurrence. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of microRNA expression data segregated tumors in two groups, mainly corresponding to patients with early recurrence and those with no recurrence. Microarray data analysis and RT-qPCR validation led to the identification of a set of 5 microRNAs (the 5-miRNA signature) differentially expressed between these two groups: miR-149, miR-10a, miR-20b, miR-30a-3p and miR-342-5p. All five microRNAs were down-regulated in tumors from patients with early recurrence. We show here that the 5-miRNA signature defines a high-risk group of patients with shorter relapse-free survival and has predictive value to discriminate non-relapsing versus early-relapsing patients (AUC = 0.993, p-value<0.05). Network analysis based on miRNA-target interactions curated by public databases suggests that down-regulation of the 5-miRNA signature in the subset of early-relapsing tumors would result in an overall increased proliferative and angiogenic capacity. In summary, we have identified a set of recurrence-related microRNAs with potential prognostic value to identify patients who will likely develop metastasis early after primary breast surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Pérez-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Jerez
- Departamento de Lenguajes y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Vanessa de Luque
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Vicioso
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Gonzalo Claros
- Plataforma Andaluza de Bioinformática, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Viguera
- Departmento of Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Bella Pajares
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alfonso Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria Ribelles
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Emilio Alba
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - José Lozano
- Laboratorio de Oncología Molecular, Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; Departmento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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99
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Xiao H, Li H, Yu G, Xiao W, Hu J, Tang K, Zeng J, He W, Zeng G, Ye Z, Xu H. MicroRNA-10b promotes migration and invasion through KLF4 and HOXD10 in human bladder cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1832-8. [PMID: 24573354 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effect of microRNA-10b (miR-10b) on cell migration and invasion in human bladder cancer (BC). Real-time PCR was performed to detect the expression of miR-10b in BC cell lines. miR-10b mimics, the negative control for mimics, miR-10b inhibitor and the negative control for inhibitor were transfected into BC cell lines and the effects of miR-10b on the migration and invasion of cells were investigated through Transwell assay. Meanwhile, protein levels of KLF4, HOXD10, E-cadherin and MMP14 were measured. Luciferase assays were also performed to validate KLF4 and HOXD10 as miR-10b targets. In vivo metastasis assay was performed to validate if miR-10b can promote BC cell line metastasis in vivo. miR-10b is significantly upregulated in BC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Increased miR-10b expression significantly enhanced BC cell migration and invasion, while decreased miR-10b expression reduced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis assay demonstrated that overexpression of miR-10b markedly promoted BC metastasis. Moreover, KLF4 and HOXD10 were identified as direct targets of miR-10b in BC cells. Silencing of KLF4 or HOXD10 recapitulated the pro-metastatic function. Furthermore, we found that E-cadherin and MMP14 may be the downstream factors of KLF4 and HOXD10 in the suppression of BC metastasis by miR-10b. These data suggest that miR-10b may function as oncogenes in BC cells. Targeting these novel strategies, inhibition of miR-10b/KLF4/E-cadherin axis and miR-10b/HOXD10/MMP14 axis may be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block BC cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Junhui Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
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100
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Bouyssou JMC, Manier S, Huynh D, Issa S, Roccaro AM, Ghobrial IM. Regulation of microRNAs in cancer metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:255-65. [PMID: 24569228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a phenomenon of crucial importance in defining prognosis in patients with cancer and is often responsible for cancer-related mortality. It is known that several steps are necessary for clonal cells to disseminate from their primary tumor site and colonize distant tissues, thus originating metastatic lesions. Therefore, investigating the molecular actors regulating this process may provide helpful insights in the development of efficient therapeutic responses. Recent evidences have indicated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating the metastatic process in solid tumors. miRNAs are small regulatory non-coding RNAs that bind to specific target mRNAs, leading to translational repression. miRNAs are known to act as negative regulators of gene expression and are involved in the regulation of biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, both in physiological conditions and during diseases, such as tumors. In the specific field of tumorigenesis, miRNAs play an important role in mediating oncogenesis and favoring tumor progression, as a result of their ability to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and other series of events facilitating the formation of metastasis. The role of miRNAs in cancer development has been widely studied and has helped elucidate events such as the change in expression of oncogenes, tumor-suppressors and cancer-related proteins. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying the role of miRNAs as part of the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette M C Bouyssou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Ecole de Biologie Industrielle, 32 Boulevard du port, 95094 Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Salomon Manier
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daisy Huynh
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samar Issa
- Ecole de Biologie Industrielle, 32 Boulevard du port, 95094 Cergy-Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Aldo M Roccaro
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Avenue, HIM 246, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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