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Abjani F, Madhavan P, Chong PP, Chinna K, Rhodes CA, Lim YAL. Urbanisation and its Associated Factors Affecting Human Gut Microbiota: Where are we Heading to? Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:137-147. [PMID: 36650931 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2170464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ContextThe continuous rise in urbanisation and its associated factors have been reflected in the structure of the human gut ecosystem.ObjectiveThe main focus of the review is to discuss and summarise the major risk factors associated with urbanisation that affects human gut microbiota thus affecting human health.MethodsMultiple medical literature databases, namely PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were used to find relevant materials for urbanization and its major factors affecting human gut microbiota/microbiome. Both layman and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were used in the search. Due to the scarcity of the data, no limitation was set on the publication date. Relevant material in the English language which includes case reports, chapters of books, journal articles, online news reports and medical records was included in this review.ResultsBased on the data discussed in the review, it is quite clear that urbanisation and its associated factors have long-standing effects on the human gut microbiota that result in alterations of gut microbial diversity and composition. This is a matter of serious concern as chronic inflammatory diseases are on the rise in urbanised societies.ConclusionA better understanding of the factors associated with urbanisation will help us to identify and implement new biological and social approaches to prevent and treat diseases and improve health globally by deepening our understanding of these relationships and increasing studies across urbanisation gradients.HIGHLIGHTSHuman gut microbiota has been linked to almost every important function, including metabolism, intestinal homeostasis, immune system, biosynthesis of vitamins, brain processes, and its behaviour.However, dysbiosis i.e., alteration in the composition and diversity of gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of many chronic conditions.In the 21st century, urbanisation represents a major demographic shift in developed and developing countries.During this period of urbanisation, humans have been exposed to many environmental exposures, all of which have led to the dysbiosis of human gut microbiota.The main focus of the review is to discuss and summarize the major risk factors associated with urbanisation and how it affects the diversity and composition of gut microbiota which ultimately affects human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abjani
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei Pei Chong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Jalan Taylors, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Charles Anthony Rhodes
- Department of Parasitology, University Malaya Medical Centre, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang B, Lu D, Duan H. Recent advances in responsive antibacterial materials: design and application scenarios. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:356-379. [PMID: 36408610 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01573k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of death globally, although modern medicine has made considerable strides in the past century. As traditional antibiotics are suffering from the emergence of drug resistance, new antibacterial strategies are of great interest. Responsive materials are appealing alternatives that have shown great potential in combating resistant bacteria and avoiding the side effects of traditional antibiotics. In this review, the responsive antibacterial materials are introduced in terms of stimulus signals including intrinsic (pH, enzyme, ROS, etc.) and extrinsic (light, temperature, magnetic fields, etc.) stimuli. Their biomedical applications in therapeutics and medical devices are then discussed. Finally, the author's perspective of the challenge and the future of such a system is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
| | - Derong Lu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
| | - Hongwei Duan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637457, Singapore.
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Topol IA, Polyakova IS, Elykova AV. Role of intestinal microbiota in regulation of immune reactions of gut-associated lymphoid tissue under stress and following the modulation of its composition by antibiotics and probiotics administration. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, EPIDEMIOLOGY AND IMMUNOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.36233/0372-9311-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, active study of the microbial ecosystem of the host organism gastrointestinal tract has led to the recognition of gut microbiome as a "key player" that carries a significant immune pressure and is responsible both for the course of physiological processes and for the development of pathological conditions in humans and animals. A vast number of bacteria living in the human gastrointestinal tract are considered as an organ functioning in dialogue in formation of immunological tolerance, the regulation of normal functional activity of the immune system and maintaining the intestinal mucosa homeostasis. However, disturbances in interaction between these physiological systems is closely related to the pathogenesis of different immune-mediated diseases. In turn, in a large number of works chronic social stress, along with the use of antibiotics, pre- and probiotics, is recognized as one of the leading factors modulating in the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiome in the regulation of immune responses of GALT under stress and modulation of its composition by antibiotics and probiotics administration.
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Ahmed LA, Al-Massri KF. Gut Microbiota Modulation for Therapeutic Management of Various Diseases: A New Perspective Using Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:43-59. [PMID: 35196976 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220222105004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases ranging from cardiovascular, neurologic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and metabolic illnesses to cancer. Restoring of gut microbiota balance represents an outstanding clinical target for the management of various multidrug-resistant diseases. Preservation of gut microbial diversity and composition could also improve stem cell therapy which now has diverse clinical applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Gut microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy may be considered a highly promising field that could add up towards the improvement of different diseases, increasing the outcome and efficacy of each other through mutual interplay or interaction between both therapies. Importantly, more investigations are required to reveal the cross-talk between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy to pave the way for the development of new therapies with enhanced therapeutic outcomes. This review provides an overview of dysbiosis in various diseases and their management. It also discusses microbiota modulation via antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplant to introduce the concept of dysbiosis correction for the management of various diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the beneficial interactions between microbiota modulation and stem cell therapy as a way for the development of new therapies in addition to limitations and future challenges regarding the applications of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled F Al-Massri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Palestine, Gaza, Palestine
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Shon HJ, Kim YM, Kim KS, Choi JO, Cho SH, An S, Park SH, Cho YJ, Park JH, Seo SU, Cho JY, Kim WU, Kim D. Protective role of colitis in inflammatory arthritis via propionate-producing Bacteroides in the gut. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1064900. [PMID: 36793721 PMCID: PMC9923108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1064900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate whether and how inflammatory disease in the intestine influences the development of arthritis, considering that organ-to-organ communication is associated with many physiological and pathological events. Methods First, mice were given drinking water containing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and then subjected to inflammatory arthritis. We compared the phenotypic symptoms between the cohoused and separately-housed mice. Next, donor mice were divided into DSS-treated and untreated groups and then cohoused with recipient mice. Arthritis was then induced in the recipients. The fecal microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We obtained type strains of the candidate bacteria and generated propionate-deficient mutant bacteria. Short-chain fatty acids were measured in the bacterial culture supernatant, serum, feces, and cecum contents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mice fed with candidate and mutant bacteria were subjected to inflammatory arthritis. Results Contrary to expectations, the mice treated with DSS exhibited fewer symptoms of inflammatory arthritis. Intriguingly, the gut microbiota contributes, at least in part, to the improvement of colitis-mediated arthritis. Among the altered microorganisms, Bacteroides vulgatus and its higher taxonomic ranks were enriched in the DSS-treated mice. B. vulgatus, B. caccae, and B. thetaiotaomicron exerted anti-arthritic effects. Propionate production deficiency further prevented the protective effect of B. thetaiotaomicron on arthritis. Conclusions We suggest a novel relationship between the gut and joints and an important role of the gut microbiota as communicators. Moreover, the propionate-producing Bacteroides species examined in this study may be a potential candidate for developing effective treatments for inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoh-Jeong Shon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seog Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ouk Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin An
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hyeon Park
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chapuis RJJ, Becker AAMJ, Dowling PM, Weese JS. Characterisation of faecal microbiota in horses medicated with oral doxycycline hyclate. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:129-141. [PMID: 35202500 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial-associated diarrhoea is a common adverse effect of antimicrobial treatment in horses and has been reported following the administration of oral doxycycline. The administration of antimicrobials has also been associated with changes in the equine intestinal microbiota diversity yet has not been explored under doxycycline treatment. OBJECTIVES To describe the dynamics of the faecal microbial diversity following a 5-day oral administration of doxycycline in healthy horses with Streptococcus zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers. STUDY DESIGN Experimental prospective cohort study in a single horse group. METHODS Seven healthy adult horses with S. zooepidemicus infected tissue chambers received oral doxycycline at 10 mg/kg q 12 h for 5-days following the tissue chamber inoculation. Faeces were collected prior to the tissue chamber inoculation and until 28-days post inoculation. Faecal microbiota was characterised by high throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform. Bioinformatic analysis was performed with Mothur and statistical analysis were conducted on R Studio. RESULTS A significant decrease in alpha diversity, characterised by a decrease of richness and diversity, and a decrease in beta diversity, characterised by changes in relative abundance, occurred after initiation of and during the administration of doxycycline. A decrease in Verrucomicrobia and increase in Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio occurred following the initiation of treatment, with a return to initial Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio during the treatment. It took 23 days after discontinuing the treatment for the faecal microbiota to return close to the initial state. MAIN LIMITATIONS Lack of control population within the study. CONCLUSIONS Transitory intestinal dysbiosis occurs under oral administration of doxycycline in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan J J Chapuis
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anne A M J Becker
- Clinical Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.,Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia M Dowling
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - J Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Saqib Z, De Palma G, Lu J, Surette M, Bercik P, Collins SM. Alterations in fecal β-defensin-3 secretion as a marker of instability of the gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2233679. [PMID: 37464450 PMCID: PMC10355691 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2233679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Compositional changes in the microbiota (dysbiosis) may be a basis for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), but biomarkers are currently unavailable to direct microbiota-directed therapy. We therefore examined whether changes in fecal β-defensin could be a marker of dysbiosis in a murine model. Experimental dysbiosis was induced using four interventions relevant to IBS: a mix of antimicrobials, westernized diets (high-fat/high-sugar and high salt diets), or mild restraint stress. Fecal mouse β-defensin-3 and 16S rRNA-based microbiome profiles were assessed at baseline and during and following these interventions. Each intervention, except for mild restraint stress, altered compositional and diversity profiles of the microbiota. Exposure to antimicrobials or a high-fat/high-sugar diet, but not mild restraint stress, resulted in decreased fecal β-defensin-3 compared to baseline. In contrast, exposure to the high salt diet increased β-defensin-3 compared to baseline. Mice exposed to the mix of antimicrobials showed the largest compositional changes and the most significant correlations between β-defensin-3 levels and bacterial diversity. The high salt diet was also associated with significant correlations between changes in β-defensin-3 and bacterial diversity, and this was not accompanied by discernible inflammatory changes in the host. Thus, dietary change or antimicrobial exposure, both recognized factors in IBS exacerbations, induced marked dysbiosis that was accompanied by changes in fecal β-defensin-3 levels. We propose that serial monitoring of fecal β-defensins may serve as a marker of dysbiosis and help identify those IBS patients who may benefit from microbiota-directed therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarwa Saqib
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Giada De Palma
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jun Lu
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Michael Collins
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Crespin A, Le Bescop C, de Gunzburg J, Vitry F, Zalcman G, Cervesi J, Bandinelli PA. A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of antibiotic use on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1075593. [PMID: 36937417 PMCID: PMC10019357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1075593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have considerably improved patient outcomes in various cancer types, but their efficacy remains poorly predictable among patients. The intestinal microbiome, whose balance and composition can be significantly altered by antibiotic use, has recently emerged as a factor that may modulate ICI efficacy. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the impact of antibiotics on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with ICIs. Methods PubMed and major oncology conference proceedings were systematically searched to identify all studies reporting associations between antibiotic use and at least one of the following endpoints: Overall Survival (OS), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Progressive Disease (PD) Rate. Pooled Hazard Ratios (HRs) for OS and PFS, and pooled Odds Ratios (ORs) for ORR and PD were calculated. Subgroup analyses on survival outcomes were also performed to investigate the potential differential effect of antibiotics according to cancer types and antibiotic exposure time windows. Results 107 articles reporting data for 123 independent cohorts were included, representing a total of 41,663 patients among whom 11,785 (28%) received antibiotics around ICI initiation. The pooled HRs for OS and PFS were respectively of 1.61 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.48-1.76] and 1.45 [95% CI 1.32-1.60], confirming that antibiotic use was significantly associated with shorter survival. This negative association was observed consistently across all cancer types for OS and depending on the cancer type for PFS. The loss of survival was particularly strong when antibiotics were received shortly before or after ICI initiation. The pooled ORs for ORR and PD were respectively of 0.59 [95% CI 0.47-0.76] and 1.86 [95% CI 1.41-2.46], suggesting that antibiotic use was significantly associated with worse treatment-related outcomes. Conclusion As it is not ethically feasible to conduct interventional, randomized, controlled trials in which antibiotics would be administered to cancer patients treated with ICIs to demonstrate their deleterious impact versus control, prospective observational studies and interventional trials involving microbiome modifiers are crucially needed to uncover the role of microbiome and improve patient outcomes. Such studies will reduce the existing publication bias by allowing analyses on more homogeneous populations, especially in terms of treatments received, which is not possible at this stage given the current state of the field. In the meantime, antibiotic prescription should be cautiously considered in cancer patients receiving ICIs. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42019145675.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athéna Crespin
- Da Volterra, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Athéna Crespin,
| | | | | | | | - Gérard Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology and CIC1425, Institut du Cancer AP-HP, Nord, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- U830 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) “Cancer, Heterogeneity, Instability and Plasticity” Curie Institute, Paris, France
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Ostrem Loss E, Thompson J, Cheung PLK, Qian Y, Venturelli OS. Carbohydrate complexity limits microbial growth and reduces the sensitivity of human gut communities to perturbations. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:127-142. [PMID: 36604549 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fibre impacts the growth dynamics of human gut microbiota, yet we lack a detailed and quantitative understanding of how these nutrients shape microbial interaction networks and responses to perturbations. By building human gut communities coupled with computational modelling, we dissect the effects of fibres that vary in chemical complexity and each of their constituent sugars on community assembly and response to perturbations. We demonstrate that the degree of chemical complexity across different fibres limits microbial growth and the number of species that can utilize these nutrients. The prevalence of negative interspecies interactions is reduced in the presence of fibres compared with their constituent sugars. Carbohydrate chemical complexity enhances the reproducibility of community assembly and resistance of the community to invasion. We demonstrate that maximizing or minimizing carbohydrate competition between resident and invader species enhances resistance to invasion. In sum, the quantitative effects of carbohydrate chemical complexity on microbial interaction networks could be exploited to inform dietary and bacterial interventions to modulate community resistance to perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Ostrem Loss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jaron Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Yili Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ophelia S Venturelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Suryaletha K, Savithri AV, Nayar SA, Asokan S, Rajeswary D, Thomas S. Demystifying Bacteriocins of Human Microbiota by Genome Guided Prospects: An Impetus to Rekindle the Antimicrobial Research. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:811-822. [PMID: 36278460 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666221019111515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is a reservoir of potential bacteriocins that can counteract multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriocins selectively inhibit a spectrum of competent bacteria and are said to safeguard gut commensals, reducing the chance of dysbiosis. Bacteriocinogenic probiotics or bacteriocins of human origin will be more pertinent in human physiological conditions for therapeutic applications to act against invading pathogens. Recent advancement in the omics approach enables the mining of diverse and novel bacteriocins by identifying biosynthetic gene clusters from the human microbial genome, pangenome or shotgun metagenome, which is a breakthrough in the discovery line of novel bacteriocins. This review summarizes the most recent trends and therapeutic potential of bacteriocins of human microbial origin, the advancement in the in silico algorithms and databases in the discovery of novel bacteriocin, and how to bridge the gap between the discovery of bacteriocin genes from big datasets and their in vitro production. Besides, the later part of the review discussed the various impediments in their clinical applications and possible solution to bring them into the frontline therapeutics to control infections, thereby meeting the challenges of global antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Akhila Velappan Savithri
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Seema A Nayar
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sijo Asokan
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Divya Rajeswary
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera & Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Kowallik V, Das A, Mikheyev AS. Experimental inheritance of antibiotic acquired dysbiosis affects host phenotypes across generations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1030771. [PMID: 36532456 PMCID: PMC9751584 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes can enhance the health, fitness and even evolutionary potential of their hosts. Many organisms propagate favorable microbiomes fully or partially via vertical transmission. In the long term, such co-propagation can lead to the evolution of specialized microbiomes and functional interdependencies with the host. However, microbiomes are vulnerable to environmental stressors, particularly anthropogenic disturbance such as antibiotics, resulting in dysbiosis. In cases where microbiome transmission occurs, a disrupted microbiome may then become a contagious pathology causing harm to the host across generations. We tested this hypothesis using the specialized socially transmitted gut microbiome of honey bees as a model system. By experimentally passaging tetracycline-treated microbiomes across worker 'generations' we found that an environmentally acquired dysbiotic phenotype is heritable. As expected, the antibiotic treatment disrupted the microbiome, eliminating several common and functionally important taxa and strains. When transmitted, the dysbiotic microbiome harmed the host in subsequent generations. Particularly, naïve bees receiving antibiotic-altered microbiomes died at higher rates when challenged with further antibiotic stress. Bees with inherited dysbiotic microbiomes showed alterations in gene expression linked to metabolism and immunity, among other pathways, suggesting effects on host physiology. These results indicate that there is a possibility that sublethal exposure to chemical stressors, such as antibiotics, may cause long-lasting changes to functional host-microbiome relationships, possibly weakening the host's progeny in the face of future ecological challenges. Future studies under natural conditions would be important to examine the extent to which negative microbiome-mediated phenotypes could indeed be heritable and what role this may play in the ongoing loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna Kowallik
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Tancha Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ashutosh Das
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Alexander S. Mikheyev
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Tancha Onna-son, Okinawa, Japan
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Lower plasma concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patients with ADHD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 156:36-43. [PMID: 36228390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced during bacterial fermentation, have been shown to be mediators in the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This axis has been proposed to influence psychiatric symptoms seen in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, there is no report of plasma SCFA concentrations in ADHD. The aim of this study was to explore the plasma concentrations of SCFAs in children and adults with ADHD and the possible factors that could influence those levels. We collected data on age group, sex, serum vitamin D levels, delivery mode, body mass index, diet, medication and blood samples from 233 ADHD patients and 36 family-related healthy controls. The concentrations of SCFAs and the intermediary metabolite succinic acid, were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Adults with ADHD had lower plasma concentrations of formic, acetic, propionic and succinic acid than their healthy family members. When adjusting for SCFA-influential factors among those with ADHD, children had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and isovaleric acid than adults, and those who had more antibiotic medications during the last 2 years had lower concentrations of formic, propionic and succinic acid. When adjusting for antibiotic medication, we found that among children, those currently on stimulant medication had lower acetic and propionic acid levels, and adults with ADHD had lower formic and propionic acid concentrations than adult healthy family members. In all, our findings show lower-than-normal plasma concentrations of SCFAs in ADHD explained in-part by antibiotic medication, age and stimulant medication. Whether or not this is of clinical significance is yet to be explored.
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Bajaj JS, Rodriguez MP, Fagan A, McGeorge S, Sterling RK, Lee H, Luketic V, Fuchs M, Davis BC, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM. Impact of bacterial infections and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prophylaxis on phage-bacterial dynamics in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2022; 76:1723-1734. [PMID: 35561076 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut microbiota, including bacteria and phages, are altered in cirrhosis, but their role during infections and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) prophylaxis is unclear. Our aim was determine metagenomic changes in gut bacteria; phages and their linkages centered around Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathobionts in patients with cirrhosis with/without infections or SBP prophylaxis. APPROACH AND RESULTS We included uninfected (n = 231) and infected (n = 30, SBP n = 19 and urinary tract infection n = 11 before antibiotics) patients who gave stool for bacterial and phage metagenomics. We matched uninfected to infected patients 1:1 on a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). We also analyzed subgroups of patients with ascites matched on an MELD (n = 73) to patients on SBP prophylaxis (n = 7) and then to SBP infection. Phage and bacterial taxa differences (DESeq2) and correlation networks centered around Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecium were analyzed. Infections were mostly due to Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus spp. On metagenomics, higher fold changes of Enterobacteriaceae members, Enterococcus and Streptococcus spp., and Escherichia phages were seen in infected patients. Correlation networks showed more complex bacteria-phage linkages in infected patients compared with uninfected ones overall and centered around E. coli and E. faecium. SBP prophylaxis induced higher Gram-positive bacteria. In SBP, Enterococcus and Escherichia were higher versus ascites. Correlation networks around E. coli were complex in ascites but sparse with SBP prophylaxis, whereas the reverse was seen with E. faecium. Lytic phages and those associated with antibiotic resistance were correlated with E. faecium. CONCLUSION In cirrhosis, there are significant changes in phage-bacterial linkages in infected patients and those on SBP prophylaxis compared to the remaining patients. SBP prophylaxis enriches complexity of E. faecium-centered but induces a collapse in E. coli-centered phage-bacterial correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Andrew Fagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Sara McGeorge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Richard K Sterling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Hannah Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Velimir Luketic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
| | - Brian C Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionVirginia Commonwealth University and Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System Medical CenterVirginiaUSA
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Amoxicillin impact on pathophysiology induced by short term high salt diet in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19351. [PMID: 36369512 PMCID: PMC9652318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence emerging from both human and animal models confirms that high-salt diet consumption over a period modulates the gut ecology and subsequently accelerates the development of the pathophysiology of many metabolic diseases. The knowledge of short-term intake of a high-salt diet (HSD) on gut microbiota and their role in the progression of metabolic pathogenesis and the consequence of a typical course of common antibiotics in this condition has yet not been investigated. The present study elicited this knowledge gap by studying how the gut microbiota profile changes in mice receiving HSD for a short period followed by Amoxicillin treatment on these mice in the last week to mimic a typical treatment course of antibiotics. In this study, we provided a standard chow diet (CD) and HSD for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic therapy with Amoxicillin in the 3rd week. We measured the body weight of mice for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were euthanised and subjected to a thorough examination for haemato-biochemical, histopathological, and 16S rRNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine any changes in gut microbiota ecology. HSD exposure in mice for short duration even leads to a significant difference in the gut ecology with enrichment of specific gut microbiota crucially linked to developing the pathophysiological features of metabolic disease-related inflammation. In addition, HSD treatment showed a negative impact on haemato-biochemical parameters. However, Amoxicillin treatment in HSD-fed mice restored the blood-biochemical markers near to control values and reshaped gut microbiota known for improving the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic disease related inflammation. This study also observed minimal and insignificant pathological changes in the heart, liver, and kidney in HSD-fed mice.
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65
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Li G, Cai M, Zheng X, Xie X, Zhu Y, Long Y. Impact of disinfectants on the intestinal bacterial symbionts and immunity of silkworm (Bombyx mori L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79545-79554. [PMID: 35713834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21442-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The insect egg surface can serve as a vehicle for vertical symbiont transmission from the maternal parent to its offspring. Hypochlorite and formaldehyde are two common disinfectants used for insect egg surface sterilization. Here, we explored the intestinal microecology and immune response profile of the silkworm Bombyx mori strain Dazao after disinfectant exposure by using high-throughput sequencing technology and real-time PCR analysis. After egg surface sterilization, no significant difference (P > 0.05) in overall body weight was observed among the control, sodium hypochlorite, and formaldehyde groups. 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing revealed that the main abundant intestinal bacteria were Enterococcus, Burkholderia, Phenylobacterium, Ralstonia, Chitinophaga, Bradyrhizobium, Herbaspirillum, and two unclassified Bacteroidetes species. Egg surface sterilization evidently altered the composition and abundance of intestinal microbiota but did not significantly change its alpha diversity. The dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota resulted in the perturbation of the immune response profile of the silkworm intestine. Our findings reveal that hypochlorite has a blocking effect on the symbiont transmission compared with formaldehyde. More importantly, egg surface sterilization exerts substantial effects on the ecophysiological traits of insects. The present study contributes to the scientific and reasonable application of disinfectants for insect egg surface sterilization during industrial silk production and laboratory-scale insect rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Miao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
- Foshan Nanshanhu Experimental High School, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yaohang Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ho KJ, Ramirez JL, Kulkarni R, Harris KG, Helenowski I, Xiong L, Ozaki CK, Grenon SM. Plasma Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites Associated with Peripheral Artery Disease and Major Adverse Cardiac Events. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102065. [PMID: 36296342 PMCID: PMC9609963 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are associated with gut dysbiosis, but the role of microbe-derived metabolites as biomarkers or modulators of cardiovascular disease are not well understood. This is a targeted metabolomics study to investigate the association of nine microbe-derived metabolites with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), a form of atherosclerosis, and major adverse cardiac events (MACE). The study cohort consists of individuals with intermittent claudication and ankle-brachial index (ABI) < 0.9 (N = 119) and controls without clinically-apparent atherosclerosis (N = 37). The primary endpoint was MACE, a composite endpoint of myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cardiac-related death. Plasma metabolite concentrations differed significantly between the PAD and control groups. After adjustment for traditional atherosclerosis risk factors, kynurenine, hippuric acid, indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), and indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) concentrations were negatively associated with PAD, whereas indoxyl sulfate and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were positively associated. Hippuric acid, IPA, and I3A correlated with ABI, a surrogate for atherosclerotic disease burden. Those in the highest I3A concentration quartile had significantly improved freedom from MACE during follow-up compared to those in the lowest quartile. This study identifies specific indole- and phenyl-derived species impacted by gut microbial metabolic pathways that could represent novel microbiome-related biomarkers of PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Ho
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Joel L. Ramirez
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rohan Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Irene Helenowski
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Liqun Xiong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - C. Keith Ozaki
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S. Marlene Grenon
- Division of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Kumar S, Raj VS, Ahmad A, Saini V. Amoxicillin modulates gut microbiota to improve short-term high-fat diet induced pathophysiology in mice. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:40. [PMID: 36229889 PMCID: PMC9563906 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-fat diet (HFD) induced perturbation of gut microbiota is a major contributory factor to promote the pathophysiology of HFD-associated metabolic syndrome. The HFD could also increase the susceptibility to the microbial infections warranting the use of antibiotics which are independently capable of impacting both gut microbiota and metabolic syndrome. Further, the usage of antibiotics in individuals consuming HFD can impact mitochondrial function that can be associated with an elevated risk of chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite this high propensity to infections in individuals on HFD, the link between duration of HFD and antibiotic treatment, and its impact on diversity of the gut microbiome and features of metabolic syndrome is not well established. In this study, we have addressed these knowledge gaps by examining how the gut microbiota profile changes in HFD-fed mice receiving antibiotic intervention in the form of amoxicillin. We also determine whether antibiotic treatment in HFD-fed mice may adversely impact the ability of immune cells to clear microbial infections. METHODS AND RESULTS We have subjected mice to HFD and chow diet (CD) for 3 weeks, and a subset of these mice on both diets received antibiotic intervention in the form of amoxicillin in the 3rd week. Body weight and food intake were recorded for 3 weeks. After 21 days, all animals were weighted and sacrificed. Subsequently, these animals were evaluated for basic haemato-biochemical and histopathological attributes. We used 16S rRNA sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis to determine changes in gut microbiota in these mice. We observed that a HFD, even for a short-duration, could successfully induce the partial pathophysiology typical of a metabolic syndrome, and substantially modulated the gut microbiota in mice. The short course of amoxicillin treatment to HFD-fed mice resulted in beneficial effects by significantly reducing fasting blood glucose and skewing the number of thrombocytes towards a normal range. Remarkably, we observed a significant remodelling of gut microbiota in amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice. Importantly, some gut microbes associated with improved insulin sensitivity and recovery from metabolic syndrome only appeared in amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice reinforcing the beneficial effects of antibiotic treatment in the HFD-associated metabolic syndrome. Moreover, we also observed the presence of gut-microbiota unique to amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice that are also known to improve the pathophysiology associated with metabolic syndrome. However, both CD-fed as well as HFD-fed mice receiving antibiotics showed an increase in intestinal pathogens as is typically observed for antibiotic treatment. Importantly though, infection studies with S. aureus and A. baumannii, revealed that macrophages isolated from amoxicillin-treated HFD-fed mice are comparable to those isolated from mice receiving only HFD or CD in terms of susceptibility, and progression of microbial infection. This finding clearly indicated that amoxicillin treatment does not introduce any additional deficits in the ability of macrophages to combat microbial infections. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that amoxicillin treatment in HFD-fed mice exert a beneficial influence on the pathophysiological attributes of metabolic syndrome which correlates with a significant remodelling of gut microbiota. A novel observation was the increase in microbes known to improve insulin sensitivity following amoxicillin treatment during short-term intake of HFD. Even though there is a minor increase in gut-resistant intestinal pathogens in amoxicillin-treated groups, there is no adverse impact on macrophages with respect to their susceptibility and ability to control infections. Taken together, this study provides a proof of principle for the exploration of amoxicillin treatment as a potential therapy in the people affected with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Noida, 201309, India.
| | - V Samuel Raj
- Center for Drug, Design, Discovery and Development (C4D), SRM University, Delhi-NCR, 131029, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ayaan Ahmad
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Laboratory of Infection Biology and Translational Research, Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
- Biosafety Laboratory-3, Centralized Core Research Facility (CCRF), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India.
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Mortzfeld BM, Palmer JD, Bhattarai SK, Dupre HL, Mercado-Lubio R, Silby MW, Bang C, McCormick BA, Bucci V. Microcin MccI47 selectively inhibits enteric bacteria and reduces carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in vivo when administered via an engineered live biotherapeutic. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2127633. [PMID: 36175830 PMCID: PMC9542533 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2127633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the reservoir for multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, specifically carbapenem-resistant (CR) Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteriaceae, which often lead to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, severe extraintestinal infections, and lethal outcomes. Selective GI decolonization has been proposed as a new strategy for preventing transmission to other body sites and minimizing spreading to susceptible individuals. Here, we purify the to-date uncharacterized class IIb microcin I47 (MccI47) and demonstrate potent inhibition of numerous Enterobacteriaceae, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, in vitro at concentrations resembling those of commonly prescribed antibiotics. We then genetically modify the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to produce MccI47 from a stable multicopy plasmid by using MccI47 toxin production in a counterselection mechanism to engineer one of the native EcN plasmids, which renders provisions for inducible expression and plasmid selection unnecessary. We then test the clinical relevance of the MccI47-producing engineered EcN in a murine CR K. pneumoniae colonization model and demonstrate significant MccI47-dependent reduction of CR K. pneumoniae abundance after seven days of daily oral live biotherapeutic administration without disruption of the resident microbiota. This study provides the first demonstration of MccI47 as a potent antimicrobial against certain Enterobacteriaceae, and its ability to significantly reduce the abundance of CR K. pneumoniae in a preclinical animal model, when delivered from an engineered live biotherapeutic product. This study serves as the foundational step toward the use of engineered live biotherapeutic products aimed at the selective removal of MDR pathogens from the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,CONTACT Benedikt M. Mortzfeld Program in Microbiome Dynamics Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jacob D. Palmer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Haley L. Dupre
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Regino Mercado-Lubio
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Mark W. Silby
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Corinna Bang
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Microbiome Dynamics, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Program in Systems Biology, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA,Vanni Bucci Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, Universty of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Saint-Martin V, Quéré P, Trapp S, Guabiraba R. Uncovering the core principles of the gut-lung axis to enhance innate immunity in the chicken. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956670. [PMID: 36268022 PMCID: PMC9577073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in mammals has evidenced that proper colonization of the gut by a complex commensal microbial community, the gut microbiota (GM), is critical for animal health and wellbeing. It greatly contributes to the control of infectious processes through competition in the microbial environment while supporting proper immune system development and modulating defence mechanisms at distant organ sites such as the lung: a concept named ‘gut-lung axis’. While recent studies point to a role of the GM in boosting immunity and pathogen resilience also in poultry, the mechanisms underlying this role are largely unknown. In spite of this knowledge gap, GM modulation approaches are today considered as one of the most promising strategies to improve animal health and welfare in commercial poultry production, while coping with the societal demand for responsible, sustainable and profitable farming systems. The majority of pathogens causing economically important infectious diseases in poultry are targeting the respiratory and/or gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of the GM in the development and function of the mucosal immune system is crucial for implementing measures to promote animal robustness in commercial poultry production. The importance of early gut colonization in the chicken has been overlooked or neglected in industrial poultry production systems, where chicks are hampered from acquiring a complex GM from the hen. Here we discuss the concept of strengthening mucosal immunity in the chicken through GM modulation approaches favouring immune system development and functioning along the gut-lung axis, which could be put into practice through improved farming systems, early-life GM transfer, feeding strategies and pre-/probiotics. We also provide original data from experiments with germ-free and conventional chickens demonstrating that the gut-lung axis appears to be functional in chickens. These key principles of mucosal immunity are likely to be relevant for a variety of avian diseases and are thus of far-reaching importance for the poultry sector worldwide.
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70
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Ahmed E, Hens K. Microbiome in Precision Psychiatry: An Overview of the Ethical Challenges Regarding Microbiome Big Data and Microbiome-Based Interventions. AJOB Neurosci 2022; 13:270-286. [PMID: 34379050 DOI: 10.1080/21507740.2021.1958096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been a spurt in both fundamental and translational research that examines the underlying mechanisms of the human microbiome in psychiatric disorders. The personalized and dynamic features of the human microbiome suggest the potential of its manipulation for precision psychiatry in ways to improve mental health and avoid disease. However, findings in the field of microbiome also raise philosophical and ethical questions. From a philosophical point of view, they may yet be another attempt at providing a biological cause for phenomena that ultimately cannot be so easily localized. From an ethical point of view, it is relevant that the human gut microbiome comprises data on the individual's lifestyle, disease history, previous medications, and mental health. Massive datasets of microbiome sequences are collected to facilitate comparative studies to identify specific links between the microbiome and mental health. Although this emerging research domain may show promise for psychiatric patients, it is surrounded by ethical challenges regarding patient privacy, health risks, effects on personal identity, and concerns about responsibility. This narrative overview displays the roles and advances of microbiome research in psychiatry and discusses the philosophical and ethical implications of microbiome big data and microbiome-based interventions for psychiatric patients. We also investigate whether these issues are really "new," or "old wine in new bottles."
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed
- University of Antwerp.,Suez Canal University
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Barlow B, Ponnaluri S, Barlow A, Roth W. Targeting the gut microbiome in the management of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:999035. [PMID: 36247756 PMCID: PMC9557965 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.999035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injury resulting from sepsis, or sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), occurs due to impaired end-organ perfusion, dysregulated inflammation affecting the central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic neuropeptides and impaired toxin clearance secondary to sepsis-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction. The gut microbiome becomes pathologically altered in sepsis, which likely contributes to the pathogenesis of SAE. Herein, we review the literature detailing dysregulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in SAE and highlight potential therapeutic strategies to modulate the gut microbiome to mitigate sepsis-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy, Memorial Hermann The Woodlands Health System, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sameer Ponnaluri
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Barlow
- Department of Pharmacy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - William Roth
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: William Roth
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Identification of New Drug Target in Staphylococcus lugdunensis by Subtractive Genomics Analysis and Their Inhibitors through Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Simulation Studies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090451. [PMID: 36134997 PMCID: PMC9496018 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus lugdunensis is a coagulase-negative, Gram-positive, and human pathogenic bacteria. S. lugdunensis is the causative agent of diseases, such as native and prosthetic valve endocarditis, meningitis, septic arthritis, skin abscesses, brain abscess, breast abscesses, spondylodiscitis, post-surgical wound infections, bacteremia, and peritonitis. S. lugdunensis displays resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics due to the production of beta-lactamases. This study aimed to identify potential novel essential, human non-homologous, and non-gut flora drug targets in the S. lugdunensis strain N920143, and to evaluate the potential inhibitors of drug targets. The method was concerned with a homology search between the host and the pathogen proteome. Various tools, including the DEG (database of essential genes) for the essentiality of proteins, the KEGG for pathways analysis, CELLO V.2.5 for cellular localization prediction, and the drug bank database for predicting the druggability potential of proteins, were used. Furthermore, a similarity search with gut flora proteins was performed. A DNA-binding response-regulator protein was identified as a novel drug target against the N920143 strain of S. lugdunensis. The three-dimensional structure of the drug target was modelled and validated with the help of online tools. Furthermore, ten thousand drug-like compounds were retrieved from the ZINC15 database. The molecular docking approach for the DNA-binding response-regulator protein identified ZINC000020192004 and ZINC000020530348 as the most favorable compounds to interact with the active site residues of the drug target. These two compounds were subjected to an MD simulation study. Our analysis revealed that the identified compounds revealed more stable behavior when bound to the drug target DNA-binding response-regulator protein than the apostate.
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Wang S, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Hu X. The Lung Microbiota Affects Pulmonary Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Induced by PM 2.5 Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12368-12379. [PMID: 35984995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure causes respiratory diseases by inducing inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the correlation between the pulmonary microbiota and the progression of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5 is poorly understood. This study tested the hypothesis that the lung microbiota affects pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM2.5 exposure. Mice were exposed to PM2.5 intranasally for 12 days. Then, pulmonary microbiota transfer and antibiotic intervention were performed. Histological examinations, biomarker index detection, and transcriptome analyses were conducted. Characterization of the pulmonary microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that its diversity decreased by 75.2% in PM2.5-exposed mice, with increased abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased abundance of Bacteroidota. The altered composition of the microbiota was significantly correlated with pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress-related indicators. Intranasal transfer of the pulmonary microbiota from PM2.5-exposed mice affected pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress caused by PM2.5, as shown by increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and dysregulated oxidative damage-related biomarkers. Antibiotic intervention during PM2.5 exposure alleviated pulmonary inflammation and oxidative damage in mice. The pulmonary microbiota also showed substantial changes after antibiotic treatment, as reflected by the increased microbiota diversity, decreased abundance of Proteobacteria and increased abundance of Bacteroidota. These results suggest that pulmonary microbial dysbiosis can promote and affect pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress during PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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74
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Wang N, Chen L, Yi K, Zhang B, Li C, Zhou X. The effects of microbiota on reproductive health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1486-1507. [PMID: 36066460 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive issues are becoming an increasing global problem. There is increasing interest in the relationship between microbiota and reproductive health. Stable microbiota communities exist in the gut, reproductive tract, uterus, testes, and semen. Various effects (e.g., epigenetic modifications, nervous system, metabolism) of dysbiosis in the microbiota can impair gamete quality; interfere with zygote formation, embryo implantation, and embryo development; and increase disease susceptibility, thus adversely impacting reproductive capacity and pregnancy. The maintenance of a healthy microbiota can protect the host from pathogens, increase reproductive potential, and reduce the rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In conclusion, this review discusses microbiota in the male and female reproductive systems of multiple animal species. It explores the effects and mechanisms of microbiota on reproduction, factors that influence microbiota composition, and applications of microbiota in reproductive disorder treatment and detection. The findings support novel approaches for managing reproductive diseases through microbiota improvement and monitoring. In addition, it will stimulate further systematic explorations of microbiota-mediated effects on reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kangle Yi
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Baizhong Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Animal and Veterinary Science, Changsha, China
| | - Chunjin Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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75
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Auranofin and Baicalin Inhibit Clostridioides difficile Growth and Sporulation: An In vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a principal cause of hospital-acquired gastrointestinal infections, with sporulation and toxin production being key determinants in the disease pathogenesis. Although infections have been escalating and the complications can be life-threatening, the narrow pipeline of approved therapeutics has not witnessed an equivalent surge. With the unfolding of worrisome mutations and antimicrobial resistance, attention has been drawn to either discovering new therapeutics, or even better, repurposing already available ones. Consequently, this study was undertaken to assess the anti-clostridial activity of auranofin, an anti-rheumatic FDA-approved therapeutic; and baicalin, a natural flavone glycoside with reported anti-microbial potential. In comparison with vancomycin, the in vitro efficacy of auranofin and baicalin was tested against hypervirulent C. difficile (BAA-1870TM). Broth suspensions were prepared with and without the three agents and anaerobically incubated. At 24- and 48-hours post-incubation, serial dilutions were prepared and inoculated onto agar plates. Viable cell counts and viable spore counts were then quantified. Meanwhile, toxin production was assessed via ELISA. At a concentration as low as 3 μg/mL, auranofin demonstrated a potent anti-clostridial activity. Both auranofin and baicalin exhibited a remarkable reduction in C. difficile viable cell counts (P-value 0.03 for each) and spore counts (P-values 0.023 and 0.045 respectively). While auranofin and baicalin proved to be non-inferior to vancomycin as inhibitors of C. difficile growth, both drugs proved to be superior to vancomycin in decreasing the spore counts 48-hours post inoculation. Additionally, auranofin markedly reduced C. difficile toxin production (P-value 0.021); a feature that was deficient in both baicalin and vancomycin. To enrich the currently limited repertoire of anti-clostridial drugs, further research is encouraging to compare between the in vivo efficacy of auranofin and that of baicalin. Both agents represent promising approaches that could address the unfulfilled needs in controlling C. difficile infection.
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76
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Ito Y, Amagai M. Controlling skin microbiome as a new bacteriotherapy for inflammatory skin diseases. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:26. [PMID: 36045395 PMCID: PMC9434865 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin serves as the interface between the human body and the environment and interacts with the microbial community. The skin microbiota consists of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, mites, and viruses, and they fluctuate depending on the microenvironment defined by anatomical location and physiological function. The balance of interactions between the host and microbiota plays a pivotal role in the orchestration of skin homeostasis; however, the disturbance of the balance due to an alteration in the microbial communities, namely, dysbiosis, leads to various skin disorders. Recent developments in sequencing technology have provided new insights into the structure and function of skin microbial communities. Based on high-throughput sequencing analysis, a growing body of evidence indicates that a new treatment using live bacteria, termed bacteriotherapy, is a feasible therapeutic option for cutaneous diseases caused by dysbiosis. In particular, the administration of specific bacterial strains has been investigated as an exclusionary treatment strategy against pathogens associated with chronic skin disorders, whereas the safety, efficacy, and sustainability of this therapeutic approach using isolated live bacteria need to be further explored. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the skin microbiota, as well as therapeutic strategies using characterized strains of live bacteria for skin inflammatory diseases. The ecosystem formed by interactions between the host and skin microbial consortium is still largely unexplored; however, advances in our understanding of the function of the skin microbiota at the strain level will lead to the development of new therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Hussan JR, Irwin SG, Mathews B, Swift S, Williams DL, Cornish J. Optimal dose of lactoferrin reduces the resilience of in vitro Staphylococcus aureus colonies. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273088. [PMID: 35960734 PMCID: PMC9374217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise in antibiotic resistance has stimulated research into adjuvants that can improve the efficacy of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Lactoferrin is a candidate adjuvant; it is a multifunctional iron-binding protein with antimicrobial properties. It is known to show dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus through iron sequestration and repression of β-lactamase expression. However, S. aureus can extract iron from lactoferrin through siderophores for their growth, which confounds the resolution of lactoferrin's method of action. We measured the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of lactoferrin/ β-lactam antibiotic dose combinations and observed that at low doses (< 0.39 μM), lactoferrin contributes to increased S. aureus growth, but at higher doses (> 6.25 μM), iron-depleted native lactoferrin reduced bacterial growth and reduced the MIC of the β-lactam-antibiotic cefazolin. This differential behaviour points to a bacterial population response to the lactoferrin/ β-lactam dose combination. Here, with the aid of a mathematical model, we show that lactoferrin stratifies the bacterial population, and the resulting population heterogeneity is at the basis of the dose dependent response seen. Further, lactoferrin disables a sub-population from β-lactam-induced production of β-lactamase, which when sufficiently large reduces the population's ability to recover after being treated by an antibiotic. Our analysis shows that an optimal dose of lactoferrin acts as a suitable adjuvant to eliminate S. aureus colonies using β-lactams, but sub-inhibitory doses of lactoferrin reduces the efficacy of β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagir R. Hussan
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Stuart G. Irwin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Brya Mathews
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Simon Swift
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - Dustin L. Williams
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
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78
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Chifiriuc MC, Filip R, Constantin M, Pircalabioru GG, Bleotu C, Burlibasa L, Ionica E, Corcionivoschi N, Mihaescu G. Common themes in antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960693. [PMID: 36003940 PMCID: PMC9393787 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance represent two of the main global challenges for the public health, requiring immediate practical solutions. In line with this, we need a better understanding of the origins of drug resistance in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the evolutionary processes leading to the occurrence of adaptive phenotypes in response to the selective pressure of therapeutic agents. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the analogies between the antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance. Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs share common targets and mechanisms of action as well as similar mechanisms of resistance (e.g., increased drug efflux, drug inactivation, target alteration, persister cells’ selection, protection of bacterial communities/malignant tissue by an extracellular matrix, etc.). Both individual and collective stress responses triggered by the chemotherapeutic agent involving complex intercellular communication processes, as well as with the surrounding microenvironment, will be considered. The common themes in antimicrobial and anticancer drug resistance recommend the utility of bacterial experimental models for unraveling the mechanisms that facilitate the evolution and adaptation of malignant cells to antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Life, Environmental and Earth Sciences Division, Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Filip
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | | | - Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- *Correspondence: Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru,
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Coralia Bleotu, ;
| | | | - Elena Ionica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nicolae Corcionivoschi
- Bacteriology Branch, Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Bioengineering of Animal Resources, Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine—King Michael I of Romania, Timisoara, Romania
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79
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Tchitchek N, Nguekap Tchoumba O, Pires G, Dandou S, Campagne J, Churlaud G, Fourcade G, Hoffmann TW, Strozzi F, Gaal C, Bonny C, Le Chatelier E, Erlich SD, Sokol H, Klatzmann D. Low-dose interleukin-2 shapes a tolerogenic gut microbiota that improves autoimmunity and gut inflammation. JCI Insight 2022; 7:159406. [PMID: 35917175 PMCID: PMC9536277 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.159406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory bowel diseases and with cardiometabolic, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. Gut microbiota composition has a direct effect on the immune system, and vice versa, and it has a particular effect on Treg homeostasis. Low-dose IL-2 (IL-2LD) stimulates Tregs and is a promising treatment for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the impact of IL-2LD on gut microbiota and correlatively on the immune system. We used 16S ribosomal RNA profiling and metagenomics to characterize gut microbiota of mice and humans treated or not with IL-2LD. We performed fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from IL-2LD–treated to naive recipient mice and evaluated its effects in models of gut inflammation and diabetes. IL-2LD markedly affected gut microbiota composition in mice and humans. Transfer of an IL-2–tuned microbiota by FMT protected C57BL/6J mice from dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis and prevented diabetes in NOD mice. Metagenomic analyses highlighted a role for several species affected by IL-2LD and for microbial pathways involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, and L-arginine. Our results demonstrate that IL-2LD induced changes in gut microbiota that are involved in the immunoregulatory effects of IL-2LD and suggest a crosstalk between Tregs and gut microbiota. These results provide potentially novel insight for understanding the mode of action of Treg-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tchitchek
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Gabriel Pires
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Dandou
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Campagne
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Churlaud
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gwladys Fourcade
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (i3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Thomas W Hoffmann
- Micalis Institute, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, University Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Harry Sokol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inflammation, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy (I3), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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80
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Ovchinnikov KV, Oftedal TF, Reich SJ, Bar NS, Holo H, Skaugen M, Riedel CU, Diep DB. Genome-assisted Identification, Purification, and Characterization of Bacteriocins. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4477. [PMID: 35978579 PMCID: PMC9350922 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides with activity against antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens. Here, we describe a set of methods aimed at purifying, identifying, and characterizing new bacteriocins. The purification consists of ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography, and reversed-phase chromatography. The yield of the bacteriocin is quantified by bacteriocin antimicrobial activity in a microtiter plate assay after each purification step. The mass of the purified bacteriocin is assessed by MALDI TOF MS analysis of the active fractions after reversed-phase chromatography. The mass is compared with the theoretical mass based on genetic information from the whole genome sequencing of the bacteriocin producer strain. Physicochemical characterization is performed by assessing antimicrobial activity following heat and protease treatments. Fluorescent techniques are used to examine the capacity of the bacteriocin to disrupt membrane integrity. Herein a set of protocols for purification and characterization of the bacteriocin nisin Z is used as a typical example in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V. Ovchinnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Thomas F. Oftedal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Sebastian J. Reich
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadav S. Bar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helge Holo
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Dzung B. Diep
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
,
*For correspondence:
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81
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Kumari R, Yadav Y, Misra R, Das U, Das Adhikari U, Malakar P, Dubey GP. Emerging frontiers of antibiotics use and their impacts on the human gut microbiome. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127127. [PMID: 35914416 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, the primary drugs used to cure bacterial diseases, are increasingly becoming ineffective due to the emergence of multiple drug resistance (MDR) leading to recurrence of previously sensitive pathogens. Human gut microbiome (GM), known to play an important role in various physiological processes, consists of pool of diverse microbes. Indiscriminate use of antibiotics during the life span of an individual may lead to development of resistant microbes e.g. Vibrio, Acinetobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Clostridia, etc. in the human GM. Transmission of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) between pathogenic and commensal bacteria occurs more frequently in microbiome communities wherein bacteria communicate and exchange cellular constituents both among themselves and with the host. Additionally, co-factors like 'early vs. late' exposure, type of antibiotics and duration of treatment modulate the adverse effects of antibiotics on GM maturation. Furthermore, factors like mode of birth, ethnicity, malnutrition, demography, diet, lifestyle, etc., which influence GM composition, can also indirectly alter the host response to antibiotics. Currently, advanced 'omics' and culturomics approaches are revealing novel avenues to study the interplay between antibiotics and the microbiome and to identify resistant genes in these bacterial communities. Here, we discuss the recent developments that have given insights into the effects of antibiotics on the homeostatic balance of the gut microbiome and thus on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kumari
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Yasha Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Richa Misra
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, Delhi 1100021, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Upasana Das Adhikari
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, 400 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gyanendra P Dubey
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Cedex 15 Paris, France.
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Think like a Virus: Toward Improving Nanovaccine Development against SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071553. [PMID: 35891532 PMCID: PMC9318803 DOI: 10.3390/v14071553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no doubt that infectious diseases present global impact on the economy, society, health, mental state, and even political aspects, causing a long-lasting dent, and the situation will surely worsen if and when the viral spread becomes out of control, as seen during the still ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Despite the considerable achievements made in viral prevention and treatment, there are still significant challenges that can be overcome through careful understanding of the viral mechanism of action to establish common ground for innovating new preventative and treatment strategies. Viruses can be regarded as devil nanomachines, and one innovative approach to face and stop the spread of viral infections is the development of nanoparticles that can act similar to them as drug/vaccine carriers. Moreover, we can use the properties that different viruses have in designing nanoparticles that reassemble the virus conformational structures but that do not present the detrimental threats to human health that native viruses possess. This review discusses the current preventative strategies (i.e., vaccination) used in facing viral infections and the associated limitations, highlighting the importance of innovating new approaches to face viral infectious diseases and discussing the current nanoapplications in vaccine development and the challenges that still face the nanovaccine field.
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83
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Crnčević N, Hukić M, Deumić S, Selimagić A, Dozić A, Gavrankapetanović I, Klepo D, Avdić M. Gastrointestinal Tract Microbiome Effect and Role in Disease Development. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10030045. [PMID: 35892739 PMCID: PMC9326677 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that gastrointestinal microflora has a substantial impact on the development of a large number of chronic diseases. The imbalance in the number or type of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to diseases and conditions, including autism spectrum disorder, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, and small bowel cancers. This can occur as a result of genetics, alcohol, tobacco, chemotherapeutics, cytostatics, as well as antibiotic overuse. Due to this, essential taxa can be lost, and the host’s metabolism can be severely affected. A less known condition called small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) can be seen in patients who suffer from hypochlorhydria and small intestine cancers. It is characterized as a state in which the bacterial population in the small intestine exceeds 105–106 organisms/mL. The latest examination methods such as double-balloon enteroscopy and wireless capsule endoscopy have the potential to increase the accuracy and precision of diagnosis and provide better patient care. This review paper aims to summarize the effect of the gastrointestinal environment on chronic disease severity and the development of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neira Crnčević
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidža, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.D.); (D.K.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +387-61-034-487
| | - Mirsada Hukić
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Institute for Biomedical Diagnostics and Research Nalaz, Čekaluša 69, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sara Deumić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidža, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.D.); (D.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Amir Selimagić
- Department of Gastroenterohepatology, General Hospital “Prim. dr. Abdulah Nakas”, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ada Dozić
- Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital “Prim. dr. Abdulah Nakas”, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ismet Gavrankapetanović
- University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Clinic of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Bolnička 25, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dženana Klepo
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidža, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.D.); (D.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Monia Avdić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, International Burch University, Francuske revolucije bb, Ilidža, 71210 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.D.); (D.K.); (M.A.)
- Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Center for Disease Control and Geohealth Studies, Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
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Chang HM, Loh TC, Foo HL, Lim ETC. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Postbiotics: Alternative of Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Ameliorate Gut Health in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:883324. [PMID: 35859810 PMCID: PMC9289564 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.883324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The postbiotic produced from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum has been revealed as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP). It helps to stimulate growth performance, improve nutrient digestibility, intestinal histomorphology, immune response, and improve meat quality in livestock. However, there is a paucity of information on the effects of L. plantarum postbiotic produced by formulated media on the gut health and immune response. Therefore, this study was conducted by using three strains of dietary L. plantarum postbiotics to determine the growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, intestinal mucin production, and immune status in broiler chickens. A 245 male Cobb 500-day-old birds were assigned randomly to five treatments, namely, NC: basal diet only (negative control), OTC: basal diet + 0.01% (w/w) oxytetracycline (positive control), RG11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RG11, RI11: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RI11, and RS5: basal diet + 0.1% (v/w) Postbiotic RS5. The body weight and feed intake were taken weekly. The small intestine and its mucus, ceca digesta were collected on days 21 and 42. Fresh excreta for crude mucin production were collected 3 days before slaughter on day 42. From the findings, RS5 recorded a significant highest (p < 0.05) final body weight, body weight gain, and significant lowest (p < 0.05) feed conversion ratio. The concentrations of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), acidic mucin, sulfated mucin, and intestinal trefoil factor were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the birds fed with RI11 and RS5. Postbiotics RI11 and RS5 had up-regulated expression of intestinal Mucin 2, occludin, and secretory immunoglobulin A. The antibiotic-fed chickens also showed a reduced (p < 0.05) total bacteria and Bifidobacterium population but a significantly increased (p < 0.05) the population of Escherichia coli in the jejunum. In conclusion, the supplementation of L. plantarum postbiotic can be used to substitute AGP as it promoted growth performance, mucin production, ameliorated tight junction permeability, and immune status in broiler chickens due to improved gut health and beneficial bacteria colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Teck Chwen Loh
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Hooi Ling Foo
| | - Eric Teik Chung Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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85
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Gulliver EL, Young RB, Chonwerawong M, D'Adamo GL, Thomason T, Widdop JT, Rutten EL, Rossetto Marcelino V, Bryant RV, Costello SP, O'Brien CL, Hold GL, Giles EM, Forster SC. Review article: the future of microbiome-based therapeutics. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:192-208. [PMID: 35611465 PMCID: PMC9322325 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND From consumption of fermented foods and probiotics to emerging applications of faecal microbiota transplantation, the health benefit of manipulating the human microbiota has been exploited for millennia. Despite this history, recent technological advances are unlocking the capacity for targeted microbial manipulation as a novel therapeutic. AIM This review summarises the current developments in microbiome-based medicines and provides insight into the next steps required for therapeutic development. METHODS Here we review current and emerging approaches and assess the capabilities and weaknesses of these technologies to provide safe and effective clinical interventions. Key literature was identified through Pubmed searches with the following key words, 'microbiome', 'microbiome biomarkers', 'probiotics', 'prebiotics', 'synbiotics', 'faecal microbiota transplant', 'live biotherapeutics', 'microbiome mimetics' and 'postbiotics'. RESULTS Improved understanding of the human microbiome and recent technological advances provide an opportunity to develop a new generation of therapies. These therapies will range from dietary interventions, prebiotic supplementations, single probiotic bacterial strains, human donor-derived faecal microbiota transplants, rationally selected combinations of bacterial strains as live biotherapeutics, and the beneficial products or effects produced by bacterial strains, termed microbiome mimetics. CONCLUSIONS Although methods to identify and refine these therapeutics are continually advancing, the rapid emergence of these new approaches necessitates accepted technological and ethical frameworks for measurement, testing, laboratory practices and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Gulliver
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Remy B. Young
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gemma L. D'Adamo
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tamblyn Thomason
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - James T. Widdop
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emily L. Rutten
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vanessa Rossetto Marcelino
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Robert V. Bryant
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Queen Elizabeth HospitalWoodvilleSouth AustraliaAustralia,School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Samuel P. Costello
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Queen Elizabeth HospitalWoodvilleSouth AustraliaAustralia,School of MedicineUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Georgina L. Hold
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George & Sutherland Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Edward M. Giles
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of PaediatricsMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Samuel C. Forster
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia,Department of Molecular and Translational SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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86
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Hall EW, Tippett A, Fridkin S, Anderson EJ, Lopman B, Benkeser D, Baker JM. Association Between Rotavirus Vaccination and Antibiotic Prescribing Among Commercially Insured US Children, 2007-2018. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac276. [PMID: 35855006 PMCID: PMC9291383 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccines may play a role in controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, it is unknown if rotavirus vaccination affects antibiotic use in the United States (US). Methods Using data from the IBM MarketScan Commercial Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort of US children born between 2007 and 2018 who were continuously enrolled for the first 8 months of life (N = 2 136 136). We followed children through 5 years of age and compared children who completed a full rotavirus vaccination series by 8 months of age to children who had not received any doses of rotavirus vaccination. We evaluated antibiotic prescriptions associated with an acute gastroenteritis (AGE) diagnosis and defined the switching of antibiotics as the prescription of a second, different antibiotic within 28 days. Using a stratified Kaplan-Meier approach, we estimated the cumulative incidence for each study group, adjusted for receipt of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, provider type, and urban/rural status. Results Overall, 0.8% (n = 17 318) of participants received an antibiotic prescription following an AGE diagnosis. The 5-year adjusted relative cumulative incidence of antibiotic prescription following an AGE diagnosis was 0.793 (95% confidence interval [CI], .761–.827) among children with complete rotavirus vaccination compared to children without rotavirus vaccination. Additionally, children with complete vaccination were less likely to switch antibiotics (0.808 [95% CI, .743–.887]). Rotavirus vaccination has averted an estimated 67 045 (95% CI, 53 729–80 664) antibiotic prescriptions nationally among children born between 2007 and 2018. Conclusions These results demonstrate that rotavirus vaccines reduce antibiotic prescribing for AGE, which could help reduce the growth of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Hall
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashley Tippett
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Scott Fridkin
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Evan J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ben Lopman
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Benkeser
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia M Baker
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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87
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Bao W, He Y, Yu J, Liu M, Yang X, Ta N, Zhang E, Liang C. Regulatory Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 2-33 on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice With Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea. Front Nutr 2022; 9:921875. [PMID: 35757257 PMCID: PMC9218693 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.921875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is one of the common adverse reactions in antibiotic treatment, which is usually caused by the imbalance of intestinal flora, and probiotics play an important role in the structure of intestinal flora. Therefore, this experiment studied the regulatory effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 2-33 on antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) mice. First, the AAD mice model was established by the mixed antibiotic solution of gentamicin sulfate and cefradine. Then, the physiological indexes and diarrhea of mice were observed and recorded by gastric perfusion of low dose (1.0 × 107 CFU/ml), medium dose (1.0 × 108CFU/ml), and high dose (1.0 × 109 CFU/ml) strain 2-33. 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions were sequenced in colon contents of mice in control group, model group, self-healing group, and experimental group, respectively, and the diversity of intestinal flora and gene function prediction were analyzed. The results showed that the intestinal flora of AAD mice was not significantly regulated by gastric perfusion of strain 2-33 to 7 days, but the relative abundance and diversity of intestinal flora of AAD mice were significantly improved by gastric perfusion to 14 days (p < 0.05). In addition, at the genus level, the relative abundance of Lactobacillus increased significantly, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Bacillus decreased significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the regulation of strain 2-33 on intestinal flora of AAD mice was time- and dose-dependent, short-term gastric perfusion, and low dose had no significant effect (p > 0.05). Strain 2-33 can significantly increase the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, significantly decrease the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ (p < 0.05), and can also adjust carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism to normal levels, thus accelerating the recovery of intestinal flora structure of AAD mice. In summary, strain 2-33 can improve the structure and diversity of intestinal flora of AAD mice, balance the level of substance and energy metabolism, and play a positive role in relieving diarrhea, maintaining and improving the intestinal microecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyundalai Bao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuxing He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinghe Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingchao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Na Ta
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Enxin Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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88
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Sindi AA, Alsayed SM, Abushoshah I, Bokhary DH, Tashkandy NR. Profile of the Gut Microbiome Containing Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in ICU Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071309. [PMID: 35889029 PMCID: PMC9320093 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a risk to public health worldwide and causes epidemic outbreaks in hospitals. The identification of alterations in the gut microbial profile can potentially serve as an early diagnostic tool to prevent harmful bacterial colonization. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gut microbiota profile of CRE-positive stool samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and to compare it with that of healthy control groups at King AbdulAziz University Hospital. Our results demonstrate that compared to the control group samples, the CRE-positive and CRE-negative group samples were less diverse and were dominated by a few operational taxonomic clusters of Enterococcus, Sphingomonas, and Staphylococcus. An analysis of samples from CRE-positive patients revealed Pseudomonas as the most abundant taxon. The existence of Pseudomonas in clinical samples undoubtedly indicates the development of resistance to a variety of antimicrobial drugs, with a less diverse microbiota. In our study, we found that the co-occurrence patterns of Klebsiella, Parabacteroides, Proteus and Pseudomonas differed between the CRE-negative and control stool groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anees A. Sindi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21598, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Sarah M. Alsayed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21598, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ibrahim Abushoshah
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21598, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Diyaa H. Bokhary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nisreen R. Tashkandy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21598, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
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89
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Parshukov AN, Fokina NN, Sukhovskaya IV, Kantserova NP, Lysenko LA. Infection and antibiotic treatment have prolonged effect on gut microbiota, muscle and hepatic fatty acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1709-1724. [PMID: 35717574 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and bacterium-specific fatty acid occurrence in the muscle and hepatic lipids of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), both healthy and those naturally infected with bacterial pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS From June 2017 (L1) to September 2018 (L8), 74 specimens of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (with the average weight from 139.2 ± 7.1 g (L1) to 2191.7 ± 85.1 g (L8)) were studied. Amplicon sequencing targeted to the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene fragments is used for identification of taxonomic composition of gut bacterial communities. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, and Fusobacteria were the major phyla. Besides behavioural and physiological manifestations of the bacterial mixed disease (yersiniosis, pseudomonosis, and flavobacteriosis), some disorders induced both the infection and followed antibiotic treatment were detected in the host organism, including (1) a progressive decrease in the content of odd-chain saturated fatty acids of bacterial origin within the trout lipid molecules and (2) abnormalities in trout GI tract microbiota, such as the elimination of LAB and progressive occurrence of certain bacterial taxa, particularly Mycoplasmataceae. CONCLUSIONS The GI bacterial flora varied principally due to Mycoplasmataceae and Lactobacillaceae, which could be considered in the search for bioindicators. The content of specific bacterium-derived fatty acids incorporated into the lipids of trout muscle and hepatic seems to be related to the prevalence of bacterial taxa, and their deficit could be regarded as an early warning sign of microbiota disturbance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Our results demonstrated that infectious disease and antibiotic treatment of reared species can cause pertinent imbalance in their gut microbiota and reduce the abundance of specific fatty acids. This can be useful for the sustainable aquaculture industry due to development of early indication technologies for rapid disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Parshukov
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N N Fokina
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - I V Sukhovskaya
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - N P Kantserova
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - L A Lysenko
- Institute of Biology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
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90
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Liu Z, Xu X, Shen Y, Hao Y, Cui W, Li W, Zhang X, Lv H, Li X, Hou Y, Zhang X. Altered gut microbiota and metabolites profile are associated with reduced bone metabolism in ethanol-induced osteoporosis. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13245. [PMID: 35688648 PMCID: PMC9251047 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic heavy drinking causes ethanol‐induced osteoporosis (EIO). The present study aimed to explore the role of GM in EIO. Material and Methods A rat EIO model was established by chronic ethanol intake. Taking the antibiotic application as the matched group of dysbacteriosis, an integrated 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics in serum and faeces were applied to explore the association of differential metabolic phenotypes and screen out the candidate metabolites detrimental to ossification. The colon organoids were used to track the source of 5‐HT and the effect of 5‐HT on bone formation was examined in vitro. Results Compared with antibiotics application, ethanol‐gavaged decreased the BMD in rats. We found that both ethanol and antibiotic intake affected the composition of GM, but ethanol intake increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Elevated serotonin was proved to be positively correlated with the changes of the composition of GM and faecal metabolites and inhibited the proliferation and mineralization of osteogenesis‐related cells. However, the direct secretory promotion of serotonin was absent in the colon organoids exposed to ethanol. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ethanol consumption led to osteoporosis and intestinal‐specific dysbacteriosis. Conjoint analysis of the genetic profiles of GM and metabolic phenotypes in serum and faeces allowed us to understand the endogenous metabolite, 5‐HT, as detrimental regulators in the gut‐bone axis to impair bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xilin Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yiwei Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Northern Medicine Base and Application Under Ministry of d Education, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.,Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wenyan Li
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Lv
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.,College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Administration of TCM, Harbin, China
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91
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Li P, Zhang J, Liu X, Gan L, Xie Y, Zhang H, Si J. The Function and the Affecting Factors of the Zebrafish Gut Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903471. [PMID: 35722341 PMCID: PMC9201518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has become a topical issue in unraveling the research mechanisms underlying disease onset and progression. As an important and potential "organ," gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolic function and immune response, angiogenesis and host growth. More recently, zebrafish models have been used to study the interactions between gut microbiota and hosts. It has several advantages, such as short reproductive cycle, low rearing cost, transparent larvae, high genomic similarity to humans, and easy construction of germ-free (GF) and transgenic zebrafish. In our review, we reviewed a large amount of data focusing on the close relationship between gut microbiota and host health. Moreover, we outlined the functions of gut microbiota in regulating intestinal epithelial cell differentiation, intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, metabolic function, and immune response. More, we summarized major factors that can influence the composition, abundance, and diversity of gut microbiota, which will help us to understand the significance of gut microbiota in regulating host biological functions and provide options for maintaining the balance of host health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- College of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
| | - Jing Si
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Huizhou, China
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92
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From germ-free to wild: modulating microbiome complexity to understand mucosal immunology. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1085-1094. [PMID: 36065057 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences host responses at practically every level, and as research into host-microbe interactions expands, it is not surprising that we are uncovering similar roles for the microbiota at other barrier sites, such as the lung and skin. Using standard laboratory mice to assess host-microbe interactions, or even host intrinsic responses, can be challenging, as slight variations in the microbiota can affect experimental outcomes. When it comes to designing and selecting an appropriate level of microbial diversity and community structure for colonization of our laboratory rodents, we have more choices available to us than ever before. Here we will discuss the different approaches used to modulate microbial complexity that are available to study host-microbe interactions. We will describe how different models have been used to answer distinct biological questions, covering the entire microbial spectrum, from germ-free to wild.
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93
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Liu X, Vigorito M, Huang W, Khan MAS, Chang SL. The Impact of Alcohol-Induced Dysbiosis on Diseases and Disorders of the Central Nervous System. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2022; 17:131-151. [PMID: 34843074 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-10033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract contains a diverse and abundant microbiota that is important for health. Excessive alcohol use can disrupt the balance of these microbes (known as dysbiosis), leading to elevated blood endotoxin levels and systemic inflammation. Using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) bioinformatics tool, we have confirmed that peripheral endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) mediates various cytokines to enhance the neuroinflammation signaling pathway. The literature has identified alcohol-mediated neuroinflammation as a possible risk factor for the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), and psychiatric disorders such as addiction to alcohol and other drugs. In this review, we discuss alcohol-use-induced dysbiosis in the gut and other body parts as a causal factor in the progression of Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases including neurodegenerative disease and possibly alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqian Liu
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Michael Vigorito
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Wenfei Huang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
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94
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Johnston CW, Badran AH. Natural and engineered precision antibiotics in the context of resistance. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 69:102160. [PMID: 35660248 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are essential weapons in our fight against infectious disease, yet the consequences of broad-spectrum antibiotic use on microbiome stability and pathogen resistance are prompting investigations into more selective alternatives. Echoing the advent of precision medicine in oncology, precision antibiotics with focused activities are emerging as a means of addressing infections without damaging microbiomes or incentivizing resistance. Historically, antibiotic design principles have been gleaned from Nature, and reinvestigation of overlooked antibacterials is now providing scaffolds and targets for the design of pathogen-specific drugs. In this perspective, we summarize the biosynthetic and antibacterial mechanisms used to access these activities, and discuss how such strategies may be co-opted through engineering approaches to afford precision antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad W Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ahmed H Badran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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95
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Yan J, Liao C, Taylor BP, Fontana E, Amoretti LA, Wright RJ, Littmann ER, Dai A, Waters N, Peled JU, Taur Y, Perales MA, Siranosian BA, Bhatt AS, van den Brink MRM, Pamer EG, Schluter J, Xavier JB. A compilation of fecal microbiome shotgun metagenomics from hematopoietic cell transplantation patients. Sci Data 2022; 9:219. [PMID: 35585088 PMCID: PMC9117330 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitalized patients receiving hematopoietic cell transplants provide a unique opportunity to study the human gut microbiome. We previously compiled a large-scale longitudinal dataset of fecal microbiota and associated metadata, but we had limited that analysis to taxonomic composition of bacteria from 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Here we augment those data with shotgun metagenomics. The compilation amounts to a nested subset of 395 samples compiled from different studies at Memorial Sloan Kettering. Shotgun metagenomics describes the microbiome at the functional level, particularly in antimicrobial resistances and virulence factors. We provide accession numbers that link each sample to the paired-end sequencing files deposited in a public repository, which can be directly accessed by the online services of PATRIC to be analyzed without the users having to download or transfer the files. Then, we show how shotgun sequencing enables the assembly of genomes from metagenomic data. The new data, combined with the metadata published previously, enables new functional studies of the microbiomes of patients with cancer receiving bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Yan
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chen Liao
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradford P Taylor
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Fontana
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luigi A Amoretti
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberta J Wright
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric R Littmann
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anqi Dai
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Waters
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan U Peled
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ami S Bhatt
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric G Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonas Schluter
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Department of Microbiology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joao B Xavier
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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96
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Dang JT, Mocanu V, Park H, Laffin M, Hotte N, Karmali S, Birch DW, Madsen KL. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy induce substantial and persistent changes in microbial communities and metabolic pathways. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2050636. [PMID: 35316158 PMCID: PMC8942407 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2050636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery induces significant microbial and metabolomic changes, however, links between microbial and metabolic pathways have not been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the microbial, metabolomic, and inflammatory changes that occur following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). A prospective clinical trial was conducted with participants undergoing RYGB, SG, and non-operative controls (CTRL). Clinical parameters, blood samples, and fecal samples were collected pre-intervention and at 3 and 9 months. A multi-omics approach was used to perform integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis to identify functional pathways in which weight loss and metabolic changes occur after surgery. RYGB led to profound microbial changes over time that included reductions in alpha-diversity, increased Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobiota, decreased Firmicutes, and numerous changes at the genera level. These changes were associated with a reduction in inflammation and significant weight loss. A reduction in Romboutsia genera correlated strongly with weight loss and integrated microbial-metabolomic analysis revealed the importance of Romboutsia. Its obliteration correlated with improved weight loss and insulin resistance, possibly through decreases in glycerophospholipids. In contrast, SG was associated with no changes in alpha-diversity, and only a small number of changes in microbial genera. A cluster of Firmicutes genera including Butyriciccocus, Eubacterium ventriosum, and Monoglobus was decreased, which correlated with decreased weight, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. This work represents comprehensive analyses of microbial-metabolomic changes that occur following bariatric surgery and identifies several pathways that are associated with beneficial metabolic effects of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry T. Dang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,CONTACT Jerry T. Dang Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, University of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, CanadaT6G 2B7
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heekuk Park
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Laffin
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Naomi Hotte
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahzeer Karmali
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel W. Birch
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L. Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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97
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Hardie J, Makabenta JM, Gupta A, Huang R, Cao-Milán R, Goswami R, Zhang X, Abdulpurkar P, Farkas ME, Rotello VM. Selective treatment of intracellular bacterial infections using host cell-targeted bioorthogonal nanozymes. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1489-1494. [PMID: 35293903 PMCID: PMC9090992 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh02042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial infections are difficult to treat, and in the case of Salmonella and related infections, can be life threatening. Antibiotic treatments for intracellular infections face challenges including cell penetration and intracellular degradation that both reduce antibiotic efficacy. Even when treatable, the increased dose of antibiotics required to counter infections can strongly impact the microbiome, compromising the native roles of beneficial non-pathogenic species. Bioorthogonal catalysis provides a new tool to combat intracellular infections. Catalysts embedded in the monolayers of gold nanoparticles (nanozymes) bioorthogonally convert inert antibiotic prodrugs (pro-antibiotics) into active species within resident macrophages. Targeted nanozyme delivery to macrophages was achieved through mannose conjugation and subsequent uptake VIA the mannose receptor (CD206). These nanozymes efficiently converted pro-ciprofloxacin to ciprofloxacin inside the macrophages, selectively killing pathogenic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium relative to non-pathogenic Lactobacillus sp. in a transwell co-culture model. Overall, this targeted bioorthogonal nanozyme strategy presents an effective treatment for intracellular infections, including typhoid and tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hardie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jessa Marie Makabenta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Aarohi Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Roberto Cao-Milán
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Ritabrita Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Parvati Abdulpurkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Michelle E Farkas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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98
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Pereira de Araújo M, Sato MO, Sato M, Bandara WM KM, Coelho LFL, Souza RLM, Kawai S, Marques MJ. Unbalanced relationships: insights into the interaction between gut microbiota, geohelminths, and schistosomiasis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13401. [PMID: 35539016 PMCID: PMC9080432 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosts and their microbiota and parasites have co-evolved in an adaptative relationship since ancient times. The interaction between parasites and intestinal bacteria in terms of the hosts' health is currently a subject of great research interest. Therapeutic interventions can include manipulations of the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which have immunological interactions important for modulating the host's immune system and for reducing inflammation. Most helminths are intestinal parasites; the intestinal environment provides complex interactions with other microorganisms in which internal and external factors can influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, helminths and intestinal microorganisms can modulate the host's immune system either beneficially or harmfully. The immune response can be reduced due to co-infection, and bacteria from the intestinal microbiota can translocate to other organs. In this way, the treatment can be compromised, which, together with drug resistance by the parasites makes healing even more difficult. Thus, this work aimed to understand interactions between the microbiota and parasitic diseases caused by the most important geohelminths and schistosomiasis and the consequences of these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Pereira de Araújo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil,Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Marcello Otake Sato
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Megumi Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Kawai
- Laboratory of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Dokkyo Medical University, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Marcos José Marques
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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99
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Cheung KS, Chan EW, Tam A, Wong IOL, Seto WK, Hung IFN, Wong ICK, Leung WK. Association between antibiotic consumption and colon and rectal cancer development in older individuals: A territory-wide study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3863-3872. [PMID: 35488387 PMCID: PMC9582694 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics may alter colorectal cancer (CRC) risk due to gut dysbiosis. We aimed to study the specific and temporal effects of various antibiotics on CRC development in older individuals. Methods This was a territory‐wide retrospective cohort study. Subjects aged 60 years and older who did not have CRC diagnosed on screening/diagnostic colonoscopy diagnosed between 2005 and 2013 were recruited. Exclusion criteria were history of CRC, colectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, and CRC diagnosed within 6 months of index colonoscopy. Exposure was use of any antibiotics up to 5 years before colonoscopy. The primary outcomes were CRC diagnosed >6 m after colonoscopy. Covariates were patient demographics, history of colonic polyps/polypectomy, concomitant medication use (NSAIDs, COX‐2 inhibitors, aspirin, and statins), and performance of endoscopy centers (colonoscopy volume and polypectomy rate). Stratified analysis was conducted according to nature of antibiotics and location of cancer. Results Ninety seven thousand one hundred and sixty‐two eligible subjects (with 1026 [1.0%] cases of CRC) were identified, 58,704 (60.4%) of whom were exposed to antibiotics before index colonoscopy. Use of antibiotics was associated with a lower risk of cancer in rectum (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54–0.76), but a higher risk of cancer in proximal colon (aHR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.15–2.32). These effects differed as regards the anti‐anaerobic/anti‐aerobic activity, narrow‐/broad‐spectrum, and administration route of antibiotics. Conclusions Antibiotics had divergent effects on CRC development in older subjects, which varied according to the location of cancer, antibiotic class, and administration route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong&Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Esther W Chan
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Tam
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Irene O L Wong
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kay Seto
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong&Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ivan F N Hung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong.,UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong City, Hong Kong
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100
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Lactobacillus casei Improve Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs-Induced Intestinal Adverse Reactions in Rat by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081668. [PMID: 35458230 PMCID: PMC9032531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in the intestines were related to alteration of the intestinal microbiota. However, there was less information about microbial metabolism on the adverse reactions. This study aimed to explore whether Lactobacillus casei could regulate gut microbiota or short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) disorders to protect intestinal adverse reactions induced by isoniazid (H) and rifampicin (R). Male Wistar rats were given low and high doses of Lactobacillus casei two hours before daily administration of anti-TB drugs. After 42 days, colon tissue and blood were collected for analysis. The feces at two-week and six-week were collected to analyze the microbial composition and the content of SCFAs in colon contents was determined. Supplementation of Lactobacillus casei increased the proportion of intestinal goblet cells induced by H and R (p < 0.05). In addition, HR also reduced the level of mucin-2 (p < 0.05), and supplementation of Lactobacillus casei restored. After two weeks of HR intervention, a decrease in OTUs, diversity index, the abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, and Blautia, and an increase of the abundance of Lacetospiraceae NK4A136 group and Rumencoccus UCG-005, were observed compared with the control group (p all < 0.05). These indices in Lactobacillus casei intervention groups were similar to the HR group. Six-week intervention resulted in a dramatic reduction of Lacetospiraceae NK4A136 group, butyric acid, valeric acid and hexanoic acid, while an increase of Bacteroides and Blautia (p all < 0.05). Pretreatment with Lactobacillus casei significantly increased the content of hexanoic acid compared with HR group (p < 0.05). Lactobacillus casei might prevent intestinal injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs by regulating gut microbiota and SCFAs metabolism.
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