51
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Monteiro C, Cardoso-Cruz H, Galhardo V. Animal models of congenital hypoalgesia: Untapped potential for assessing pain-related plasticity. Neurosci Lett 2019; 702:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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52
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Bjornsdottir G, Ivarsdottir EV, Bjarnadottir K, Benonisdottir S, Gylfadottir SS, Arnadottir GA, Benediktsson R, Halldorsson GH, Helgadottir A, Jonasdottir A, Jonasdottir A, Jonsdottir I, Kristinsdottir AM, Magnusson OT, Masson G, Melsted P, Rafnar T, Sigurdsson A, Sigurdsson G, Skuladottir A, Steinthorsdottir V, Styrkarsdottir U, Thorgeirsson G, Thorleifsson G, Vikingsson A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Stefansson H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Norddahl GL, Sulem P, Thorgeirsson TE, Stefansson K. A PRPH splice-donor variant associates with reduced sural nerve amplitude and risk of peripheral neuropathy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1777. [PMID: 30992453 PMCID: PMC6468012 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerve conduction (NC) studies generate measures of peripheral nerve function that can reveal underlying pathology due to axonal loss, demyelination or both. We perform a genome-wide association study of sural NC amplitude and velocity in 7045 Icelanders and find a low-frequency splice-donor variant in PRPH (c.996+1G>A; MAF = 1.32%) associating with decreased NC amplitude but not velocity. PRPH encodes peripherin, an intermediate filament (IF) protein involved in cytoskeletal development and maintenance of neurons. Through RNA and protein studies, we show that the variant leads to loss-of-function (LoF), as when over-expressed in a cell line devoid of other IFs, it does not allow formation of the normal filamentous structure of peripherin, yielding instead punctate protein inclusions. Recall of carriers for neurological assessment confirms that from an early age, homozygotes have significantly lower sural NC amplitude than non-carriers and are at risk of a mild, early-onset, sensory-negative, axonal polyneuropathy. Diagnosis and classification of peripheral neuropathy (PN) is facilitated by nerve conduction (NC) studies. Here, Bjornsdottir et al. find a low-frequency PRPH splice-donor variant that associates with NC amplitude and neurological assessment of recalled PRPH variant carriers reveals increased risk of a mild sensory-negative PN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erna V Ivarsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafn Benediktsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | - Ingileif Jonsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Melsted
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Gunnar Sigurdsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Arnor Vikingsson
- Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
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53
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Behrendt L, Kurth I, Kaether C. A disease causing ATLASTIN 3 mutation affects multiple endoplasmic reticulum-related pathways. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1433-1445. [PMID: 30666337 PMCID: PMC6420906 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atlastins (ATLs) are membrane-bound GTPases involved in shaping of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mutations in ATL1 and ATL3 cause spastic paraplegia and hereditary sensory neuropathy. We here show that the sensory neuropathy causing ATL3 Y192C mutation reduces the complexity of the tubular ER-network. ATL3 Y192C delays ER-export by reducing the number of ER exit sites, reduces autophagy, fragments the Golgi and causes malformation of the nucleus. In cultured primary neurons, ATL3 Y192C does not localize to the growing axon, resulting in axon growth deficits. Patient-derived fibroblasts possess a tubular ER with reduced complexity and have a reduced number of autophagosomes. The data suggest that the disease-causing ATL3 Y192C mutation affects multiple ER-related pathways, possibly as a consequence of the distorted ER morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Behrendt
- Leibniz Institut für Alternsforschung-Fritz Lipmann Institut, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institut für Alternsforschung-Fritz Lipmann Institut, Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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54
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Schwartz NU, Mileva I, Gurevich M, Snider J, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Quantifying 1-deoxydihydroceramides and 1-deoxyceramides in mouse nervous system tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:40-48. [PMID: 30790665 PMCID: PMC6467697 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of deoxysphingolipids (deoxySLs) has been implicated in many neural diseases, although mechanisms remain unclear. A major obstacle limiting understanding of deoxySLs has been the lack of a method easily defining measurement of deoxydihydroceramide (deoxydhCer) and deoxyceramide (deoxyCer) in neural tissues. Furthermore, it is poorly understood if deoxySLs accumulate in the nervous system with aging. To facilitate investigation of deoxydhCer and deoxyCer in nervous system tissue, we developed a method to evaluate levels of these lipids in mouse brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. Many deoxydhCers and brain C24-deoxyCer were present at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. Furthermore, while ceramide levels decreased with age, deoxydhCers increased in sciatic nerve and spinal cord, suggesting they may accumulate in peripheral nerves. C22-deoxydhCer was the highest deoxydhCer species in all tissues, suggesting it may be important physiologically. The development of this method will facilitate straightforward profiling of deoxydhCers and deoxyCers and the study of their metabolism and function. These results also reveal that deoxydhCers accumulate in peripheral nerves with normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas U Schwartz
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Izolda Mileva
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Mikhail Gurevich
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Justin Snider
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Health Science Center, L-4, 179, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, United States.
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55
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Xu H, Zhang C, Cao L, Song J, Xu X, Zhang B, Chen B, Zhao G. ATL3 gene mutation in a Chinese family with hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1F. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2019; 24:150-155. [PMID: 30680846 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy (HSN) comprises a group of progressive peripheral neuropathies predominantly affecting the sensory nerves. To date, two different ATL3 gene mutations have been reported to be responsible for HSN type 1F (HSN1F). Here, we report a family in which the members presented numbness of the lower limbs and recurrent foot ulceration. Symptoms of foot ulcers disappeared in the years after onset, which suggests that the family members showed benign and mild symptoms compared with the affected patients reported previously. Laboratory examinations and electrophysiological data suggested axonal degeneration of the peripheral sensory nerves, while motor neurons were not involved. Exome sequencing revealed the previously reported c.C1013G (p.Pro338Arg) mutation of the ATL3 gene. This is the first report of ATL3 mutation in Chinese patients with HSN. Cells expressing mutant ATL3 exhibited disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum network, suggesting a dominant-negative effect. There was no significant difference in the expression of the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) between cells expressing wild-type or mutant ATL3. Further studies are required to ascertain the relevance of the changes in endoplasmic reticulum morphology to axonal degeneration of sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyue Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xuhua Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Baohui Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
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56
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Fortugno P, Angelucci F, Cestra G, Camerota L, Ferraro AS, Cordisco S, Uccioli L, Castiglia D, De Angelis B, Kurth I, Kornak U, Brancati F. Recessive mutations in the neuronal isoforms of DST
, encoding dystonin, lead to abnormal actin cytoskeleton organization and HSAN type VI. Hum Mutat 2018; 40:106-114. [DOI: 10.1002/humu.23678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fortugno
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Gianluca Cestra
- IBPM; Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari; CNR; Rome Italy
- Deptartment of Biology and Biotechnology; University of Rome “Sapienza,”; Rome Italy
| | - Letizia Camerota
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | | | - Sonia Cordisco
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Luigi Uccioli
- Department of Systems Medicine; University of Rome Tor Vergata; Rome Italy
| | - Daniele Castiglia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
| | - Barbara De Angelis
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; University of Rome “Tor Vergata,”; Rome Italy
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies; Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Berlin Germany
- FG Development and Disease; Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik; Berlin Germany
| | - Francesco Brancati
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology; Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata; IDI-IRCCS; Rome Italy
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
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57
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Amengual-Batle P, Rusbridge C, José-López R, Golini L, Shelton GD, Mellersh CS, Gutierrez-Quintana R. Two mixed breed dogs with sensory neuropathy are homozygous for an inversion disrupting FAM134B previously identified in Border Collies. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:2082-2087. [PMID: 30307654 PMCID: PMC6272042 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Two unrelated 8‐month‐old male mixed breed dogs were presented for evaluation of progressive ataxia, knuckling, and lack of pain perception in the distal limbs. Because of the similarity in age of onset, progression, and clinical findings with previously described sensory neuropathy in Border Collies, the affected dogs were screened for an FAM134B mutation and were determined to be homozygous for the mutation. Despite few phenotypic similarities with other breeds, genetic testing for specific diseases should be considered in mixed breed dogs with compatible clinical signs, especially if ancestry is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Amengual-Batle
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Rusbridge
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Eashing, Surrey, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, School of Veterinary Medicine, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto José-López
- Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Golini
- Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Cheshire, United Kingdom
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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58
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Chiabrando D, Fiorito V, Petrillo S, Tolosano E. Unraveling the Role of Heme in Neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:712. [PMID: 30356807 PMCID: PMC6189481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme (iron-protoporphyrin IX) is an essential co-factor involved in several biological processes, including neuronal survival and differentiation. Nevertheless, an excess of free-heme promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, thus leading to cell death. The toxic properties of heme in the brain have been extensively studied during intracerebral or subarachnoid hemorrhages. Recently, a growing number of neurodegenerative disorders have been associated to alterations of heme metabolism. Hence, the etiology of such diseases remains undefined. The aim of this review is to highlight the neuropathological role of heme and to discuss the major heme-regulated pathways that might be crucial for the survival of neuronal cells. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking heme to neurodegeneration will be important for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Veronica Fiorito
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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59
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Prabhu S, Fortier K, Newsome L, Reebye UN. Office-Based Anesthetic and Oral Surgical Management of a Child With Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathy Type IV: A Case Report. Anesth Prog 2018; 65:181-186. [PMID: 30235436 DOI: 10.2344/anpr-65-03-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV (HSAN IV), or congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, is an exceptionally rare genetic disorder that results in the complete loss of pain and temperature sensation as well as anhidrosis. Anesthetic management of these patients can be difficult because of significantly increased risks during general anesthesia. Literature on perioperative anesthetic management is typically written in the context of a hospital setting. As such, our case presents a unique report on the anesthetic management of a HSAN IV patient who presented for extraction of 2 teeth in an office-based setting. In determining how to safely manage the procedure, we decided against general anesthesia as we lacked the facilities and equipment to safely handle previously reported complications. We were successful in providing sedation with nitrous oxide in oxygen and applying 20% benzocaine topical ointment on the surgical site in lieu of administering general anesthesia. We had an anesthesiologist present and obtained intravenous access prior to the surgery to help manage any complications. This report provides support that simple dental extractions can be accomplished safely in the HSAN IV patient in the office-based setting, thereby avoiding unnecessary risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamit Prabhu
- Master of Physiology Candidate, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Fortier
- DMD Candidate, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Newsome
- Anesthesiologist; Triangle Implant Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Uday N Reebye
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon, Triangle Implant Center, Durham, North Carolina
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60
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Wilson ER, Kugathasan U, Abramov AY, Clark AJ, Bennett DLH, Reilly MM, Greensmith L, Kalmar B. Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1-associated deoxysphingolipids cause neurotoxicity, acute calcium handling abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 117:1-14. [PMID: 29778900 PMCID: PMC6060082 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 (HSN-1) is a peripheral neuropathy most frequently caused by mutations in the SPTLC1 or SPTLC2 genes, which code for two subunits of the enzyme serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). SPT catalyzes the first step of de novo sphingolipid synthesis. Mutations in SPT result in a change in enzyme substrate specificity, which causes the production of atypical deoxysphinganine and deoxymethylsphinganine, rather than the normal enzyme product, sphinganine. Levels of these abnormal compounds are elevated in blood of HSN-1 patients and this is thought to cause the peripheral motor and sensory nerve damage that is characteristic of the disease, by a largely unresolved mechanism. In this study, we show that exogenous application of these deoxysphingoid bases causes dose- and time-dependent neurotoxicity in primary mammalian neurons, as determined by analysis of cell survival and neurite length. Acutely, deoxysphingoid base neurotoxicity manifests in abnormal Ca2+ handling by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria as well as dysregulation of cell membrane store-operated Ca2+ channels. The changes in intracellular Ca2+ handling are accompanied by an early loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in deoxysphingoid base-treated motor and sensory neurons. Thus, these results suggest that exogenous deoxysphingoid base application causes neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ handling deficits, which may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of HSN-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Wilson
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Umaiyal Kugathasan
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alex J Clark
- Neural Injury Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David L H Bennett
- Neural Injury Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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61
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Efficient derivation of sympathetic neurons from human pluripotent stem cells with a defined condition. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12865. [PMID: 30150715 PMCID: PMC6110806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic neurons (SNs) are an essential component of the autonomic nervous system. They control vital bodily functions and are responsible for various autonomic disorders. However, obtaining SNs from living humans for in vitro study has not been accomplished. Although human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived SNs could be useful for elucidating the pathophysiology of human autonomic neurons, the differentiation efficiency remains low and reporter-based cell sorting is usually required for the subsequent pathophysiological analysis. To improve the efficiency, we refined each differentiation stage using PHOX2B::eGFP reporter hPSC lines to establish a robust and efficient protocol to derive functional SNs via neuromesodermal progenitor-like cells and trunk neural crest cells. Sympathetic neuronal progenitors could be expanded and stocked during differentiation. Our protocol can selectively enrich sympathetic lineage-committed cells at high-purity (≈80%) from reporter-free hPSC lines. Our system provides a platform for diverse applications, such as developmental studies and the modeling of SN-associated diseases.
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62
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Nam TS, Li W, Yoon S, Eom GH, Kim MK, Jung ST, Choi SY. Novel NTRK1 mutations associated with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis verified by functional studies. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 22:92-99. [PMID: 28177573 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type IV, features loss of pain sensation, decreased or absent sweating (anhidrosis), recurrent episodes of unexplained fever, self-mutilating behavior, and variable mental retardation. Mutations in neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1) have been reported to be associated with CIPA. We identified four novel NTRK1 mutations in six Korean patients from four unrelated families. Of the four mutations, we demonstrated using a splicing assay that IVS14+3A>T causes aberrant splicing of NTRK1 mRNA, leading to introduction of a premature termination codon. An NTRK1 autophosphorylation assay showed that c.1786G>A (p.Asp596Asn) abolished autophosphorylation of NTRK1. In addition, Western blotting showed that c.704C>G (p.Ser235*) and c.2350_2363del (p.Leu784Serfs*79) blunted NTRK1 expression to undetectable levels. The four novel NTRK1 mutations we report here will expand the repertoire of NTRK1 mutations in CIPA patients, and further our understanding of CIPA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Seung Nam
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Somy Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Taek Jung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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63
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Clathrin heavy chain 22 contributes to the control of neuropeptide degradation and secretion during neuronal development. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2340. [PMID: 29402896 PMCID: PMC5799199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The repertoire of cell types in the human nervous system arises through a highly orchestrated process, the complexity of which is still being discovered. Here, we present evidence that CHC22 has a non-redundant role in an early stage of neural precursor differentiation, providing a potential explanation of why CHC22 deficient patients are unable to feel touch or pain. We show the CHC22 effect on neural differentiation is independent of the more common clathrin heavy chain CHC17, and that CHC22-dependent differentiation is mediated through an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. Using quantitative proteomics, we define the composition of clathrin-coated vesicles in SH-SY5Y cells, and determine proteome changes induced by CHC22 depletion. In the absence of CHC22 a subset of dense core granule (DCG) neuropeptides accumulated, were processed into biologically active 'mature' forms, and secreted in sufficient quantity to trigger neural differentiation. When CHC22 is present, however, these DCG neuropeptides are directed to the lysosome and degraded, thus preventing differentiation. This suggests that the brief reduction seen in CHC22 expression in sensory neural precursors may license a step in neuron precursor neurodevelopment; and that this step is mediated through control of a novel neuropeptide processing pathway.
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Abstract
Pain is an increasing clinical challenge affecting about half the population, with a substantial number of people suffering daily intense pain. Such suffering can be linked to the dramatic rise in opioid use and associated deaths in the United States. There is a pressing need for new analgesics with limited side effects. Here, we summarize what we know about the genetics of pain and implications for drug development. We make the case that chronic pain is not one but a set of disease states, with peripheral drive a key element in most. We argue that understanding redundancy and plasticity, hallmarks of the nervous system, is critical in developing analgesic drug strategies. We describe the exploitation of monogenic pain syndromes and genetic association studies to define analgesic targets, as well as issues associated with animal models of pain. We appraise present-day screening technologies and describe recent approaches to pain treatment that hold promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Sexton
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - James J Cox
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - Jing Zhao
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
| | - John N Wood
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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Dohrn MF, Glöckle N, Mulahasanovic L, Heller C, Mohr J, Bauer C, Riesch E, Becker A, Battke F, Hörtnagel K, Hornemann T, Suriyanarayanan S, Blankenburg M, Schulz JB, Claeys KG, Gess B, Katona I, Ferbert A, Vittore D, Grimm A, Wolking S, Schöls L, Lerche H, Korenke GC, Fischer D, Schrank B, Kotzaeridou U, Kurlemann G, Dräger B, Schirmacher A, Young P, Schlotter-Weigel B, Biskup S. Frequent genes in rare diseases: panel-based next generation sequencing to disclose causal mutations in hereditary neuropathies. J Neurochem 2017; 143:507-522. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike F. Dohrn
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
- Department of Neurology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Nicola Glöckle
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | | | - Corina Heller
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Julia Mohr
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Christine Bauer
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Erik Riesch
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andrea Becker
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Florian Battke
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | | | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry; University Hospital Zürich; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Blankenburg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Klinikum Stuttgart; Olgahospital, Stuttgart Germany
- Faculty of Health; Witten/Herdecke University; Witten Germany
| | - Jörg B. Schulz
- Department of Neurology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Kristl G. Claeys
- Department of Neurology; University Hospitals Leuven and University of Leuven (KU Leuven); Leuven Belgium
| | - Burkhard Gess
- Department of Neurology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Istvan Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | | | - Debora Vittore
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Alexander Grimm
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Stefan Wolking
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
| | | | - Dirk Fischer
- Department of Neurology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology; Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik; Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Department of General Pediatrics; Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases; University Children's Hospital; Heidelberg Germany
| | - Gerhard Kurlemann
- Department of Neuropediatrics; University Hospital Münster; Muenster Germany
| | - Bianca Dräger
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders; University Hospital Münster; Muenster Germany
| | - Anja Schirmacher
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders; University Hospital Münster; Muenster Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders; University Hospital Münster; Muenster Germany
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- Department of Neurology; Friedrich-Baur-Institute; Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Saskia Biskup
- CeGaT GmbH and Praxis für Humangenetik Tübingen; Tuebingen Germany
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Abstract
Fell et al. deleted KIF1Bβ in the mouse sympathetic nervous system and observed impaired sympathetic nervous function and misexpression of genes required for sympathoadrenal lineage differentiation. They discovered that KIF1Bβ is required for NGF-dependent neuronal differentiation through anterograde transport of the NGF receptor TRKA. We recently identified pathogenic KIF1Bβ mutations in sympathetic nervous system malignancies that are defective in developmental apoptosis. Here we deleted KIF1Bβ in the mouse sympathetic nervous system and observed impaired sympathetic nervous function and misexpression of genes required for sympathoadrenal lineage differentiation. We discovered that KIF1Bβ is required for nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent neuronal differentiation through anterograde transport of the NGF receptor TRKA. Moreover, pathogenic KIF1Bβ mutations identified in neuroblastoma impair TRKA transport. Expression of neuronal differentiation markers is ablated in both KIF1Bβ-deficient mouse neuroblasts and human neuroblastomas that lack KIF1Bβ. Transcriptomic analyses show that unfavorable neuroblastomas resemble mouse sympathetic neuroblasts lacking KIF1Bβ independent of MYCN amplification and the loss of genes neighboring KIF1B on chromosome 1p36. Thus, defective precursor cell differentiation, a common trait of aggressive childhood malignancies, is a pathogenic effect of KIF1Bβ loss in neuroblastomas. Furthermore, neuropathy-associated KIF1Bβ mutations impede cargo transport, providing a direct link between neuroblastomas and neurodegeneration.
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Elhennawy K, Reda S, Finke C, Graul-Neumann L, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Bartzela T. Oral manifestations, dental management, and a rare homozygous mutation of the PRDM12 gene in a boy with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:233. [PMID: 28807049 PMCID: PMC5556355 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Chen et al. recently identified the causative gene and characterized biallelic mutations in the PR domain-containing protein 12 gene, which plays a role in the development of pain-sensing nerve cells. Our patient's family was included in Chen and colleagues' study. We performed a literature review of the PubMed library (January 1985 to December 2016) on hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type I to VIII genetic disorders and their orofacial manifestations. This case report is the first to describe the oral manifestations, and their treatment, of the recently discovered hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type VIII in the medical and dental literature. CASE PRESENTATION We report on the oral manifestations and dental management of an 8-month-old white boy with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy-VIII over a period of 16 years. Our patient was homozygous for a mutation of PR domain-containing protein 12 gene and was characterized by insensitivity to pain and thermal stimuli, self-mutilation behavior, reduced sweat and tear production, absence of corneal reflexes, and multiple skin and bone infections. Oral manifestations included premature loss of teeth, associated with dental traumata and self-mutilation, severe soft tissue injuries, dental caries and submucosal abscesses, hypomineralization of primary teeth, and mandibular osteomyelitis. CONCLUSIONS The lack of scientific knowledge on hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy due to the rarity of the disease often results in a delay in diagnosis, which is of substantial importance for the prevention of many complications and symptoms. Interdisciplinary work of specialized medical and dental teams and development of a standardized treatment protocols are essential for the management of the disease. There are many knowledge gaps concerning the management of patients with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy-VIII, therefore more research on an international basis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Elhennawy
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seif Reda
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Finke
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luitgard Graul-Neumann
- Ambulantes Gesundheitszentrum, Campus Virchow Clinic, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité Campus Virchow, Department of Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul-Georg Jost-Brinkmann
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodosia Bartzela
- Center for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197, Berlin, Germany.
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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Saini AG, Padmanabh H, Sahu JK, Kurth I, Voigt M, Singhi P. Hereditary Sensory Polyneuropathy, Pain Insensitivity and Global Developmental Delay due to Novel Mutation in PRDM12 Gene. Indian J Pediatr 2017; 84:332-333. [PMID: 28050684 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Gahlot Saini
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Hansashree Padmanabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sahu
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Voigt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Pratibha Singhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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Vetter I, Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Starobova H, Zhang A, Rash LD, Mobli M. NaV1.7 as a pain target – From gene to pharmacology. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:73-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Plassais J, Lagoutte L, Correard S, Paradis M, Guaguère E, Hédan B, Pommier A, Botherel N, Cadiergues MC, Pilorge P, Silversides D, Bizot M, Samuels M, Arnan C, Johnson R, Hitte C, Salbert G, Méreau A, Quignon P, Derrien T, André C. A Point Mutation in a lincRNA Upstream of GDNF Is Associated to a Canine Insensitivity to Pain: A Spontaneous Model for Human Sensory Neuropathies. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006482. [PMID: 28033318 PMCID: PMC5198995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSANs) are characterized by insensitivity to pain, sometimes combined with self-mutilation. Strikingly, several sporting dog breeds are particularly affected by such neuropathies. Clinical signs appear in young puppies and consist of acral analgesia, with or without sudden intense licking, biting and severe self-mutilation of the feet, whereas proprioception, motor abilities and spinal reflexes remain intact. Through a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) with 24 affected and 30 unaffected sporting dogs using the Canine HD 170K SNP array (Illumina), we identified a 1.8 Mb homozygous locus on canine chromosome 4 (adj. p-val = 2.5x10-6). Targeted high-throughput sequencing of this locus in 4 affected and 4 unaffected dogs identified 478 variants. Only one variant perfectly segregated with the expected recessive inheritance in 300 sporting dogs of known clinical status, while it was never present in 900 unaffected dogs from 130 other breeds. This variant, located 90 kb upstream of the GDNF gene, a highly relevant neurotrophic factor candidate gene, lies in a long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA), GDNF-AS. Using human comparative genomic analysis, we observed that the canine variant maps onto an enhancer element. Quantitative RT-PCR of dorsal root ganglia RNAs of affected dogs showed a significant decrease of both GDNF mRNA and GDNF-AS expression levels (respectively 60% and 80%), as compared to unaffected dogs. We thus performed gel shift assays (EMSA) that reveal that the canine variant significantly alters the binding of regulatory elements. Altogether, these results allowed the identification in dogs of GDNF as a relevant candidate for human HSAN and insensitivity to pain, but also shed light on the regulation of GDNF transcription. Finally, such results allow proposing these sporting dog breeds as natural models for clinical trials with a double benefit for human and veterinary medicine. In this study, we present a canine neuropathy characterized by insensitivity to pain in the feet, sometimes combined with self-mutilation described in four sporting breeds. This particular phenotype has the clinical hallmarks of human Hereditary Sensory Autonomic Neuropathies (HSAN). As we hypothesized that a monogenic recessive disorder was shared between these breeds, we performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) to search for the genetic causes and found one homozygous chromosomal region in affected dogs. High-throughput sequencing of this region allowed the identification of a point mutation upstream to the GDNF gene and located in the last exon of a long non-coding RNA, GDNF-AS. We confirmed the perfect association of this variant with the disease using more than 900 unaffected dogs that do not present with this mutation. Functional analyses (qRT-PCR, EMSA) confirmed that the mutation alters the binding of regulatory complex, leading to a significant decrease of both GDNF and GDNF-AS mRNA expression levels. This work in canine spontaneous forms of human neuropathies allowed the identification of a novel gene GDNF and its regulation mechanism, not yet described in human HSAN, opening the field of clinical trials to benefit both canine and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn Plassais
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
| | - Laetitia Lagoutte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Solenne Correard
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Manon Paradis
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Benoit Hédan
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Alix Pommier
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Nadine Botherel
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - David Silversides
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maud Bizot
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Mark Samuels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Carme Arnan
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rory Johnson
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigations Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christophe Hitte
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Agnès Méreau
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Quignon
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Derrien
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine André
- CNRS, UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, Biosit, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
- * E-mail: (CA); (JP)
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Chiabrando D, Castori M, di Rocco M, Ungelenk M, Gießelmann S, Di Capua M, Madeo A, Grammatico P, Bartsch S, Hübner CA, Altruda F, Silengo L, Tolosano E, Kurth I. Mutations in the Heme Exporter FLVCR1 Cause Sensory Neurodegeneration with Loss of Pain Perception. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006461. [PMID: 27923065 PMCID: PMC5140052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is necessary to alert us to actual or potential tissue damage. Specialized nerve cells in the body periphery, so called nociceptors, are fundamental to mediate pain perception and humans without pain perception are at permanent risk for injuries, burns and mutilations. Pain insensitivity can be caused by sensory neurodegeneration which is a hallmark of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs). Although mutations in several genes were previously associated with sensory neurodegeneration, the etiology of many cases remains unknown. Using next generation sequencing in patients with congenital loss of pain perception, we here identify bi-allelic mutations in the FLVCR1 (Feline Leukemia Virus subgroup C Receptor 1) gene, which encodes a broadly expressed heme exporter. Different FLVCR1 isoforms control the size of the cytosolic heme pool required to sustain metabolic activity of different cell types. Mutations in FLVCR1 have previously been linked to vision impairment and posterior column ataxia in humans, but not to HSAN. Using fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid cell lines from patients with sensory neurodegeneration, we here show that the FLVCR1-mutations reduce heme export activity, enhance oxidative stress and increase sensitivity to programmed cell death. Our data link heme metabolism to sensory neuron maintenance and suggest that intracellular heme overload causes early-onset degeneration of pain-sensing neurons in humans. Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy (HSAN) is a genetic disorder mainly characterized by the impairment of sensory neurons, which transmit information about sensations such as pain, temperature and touch. Therefore, unintentional self-injury, leading to ulcers and eventually amputations are common in affected individuals. Although mutations in several genes were previously associated with sensory neurodegeneration and pain insensitivity, the etiology of many cases remains unknown. We here identify mutations in the heme exporter protein FLVCR1 in patients with congenital inability to experience pain. We showed that FLVCR1 mutations results in reduced heme export activity, enhanced oxidative stress and increased sensitivity to programmed cell death. These data assign a surprising role for heme to sensory neuron maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chiabrando
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail: (DC); (ET); (IK)
| | - Marco Castori
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maja di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martin Ungelenk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gießelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matteo Di Capua
- Unit of Neurophysiopathology, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Madeo
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Grammatico
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Bartsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A. Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tolosano
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail: (DC); (ET); (IK)
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail: (DC); (ET); (IK)
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Yamada K, Yuan J, Mano T, Takashima H, Shibata M. Arthropathy-related pain in a patient with congenital impairment of pain sensation due to hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type II with a rare mutation in the WNK1/HSN2 gene: a case report. BMC Neurol 2016; 16:201. [PMID: 27765018 PMCID: PMC5073964 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-016-0727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) type II with WNK1/HSN2 gene mutation is a rare disease characterized by early-onset demyelination sensory loss and skin ulceration. To the best of our knowledge, no cases of an autonomic disorder have been reported clearly in a patient with WNK/HSN2 gene mutation and only one case of a Japanese patient with the WNK/HSN2 gene mutation of HSAN type II was previously reported. Case presentation Here we describe a 54-year-old woman who had an early childhood onset of insensitivity to pain; superficial, vibration, and proprioception sensation disturbances; and several symptoms of autonomic failure (e.g., orthostatic hypotension, fluctuation in body temperature, and lack of urge to defecate). Genetic analyses revealed compound homozygous mutations in the WNK1/HSN2 gene (c.3237_3238insT; p.Asp1080fsX1). The patient demonstrated sensory loss in the “stocking and glove distribution” but could perceive visceral pain, such as menstrual or gastroenteritis pain. She experienced frequent fainting episodes. She had undergone exenteration of the left metatarsal because of metatarsal osteomyelitis at 18 years. Sural nerve biopsy revealed a severe loss of myelinated and unmyelinated nerves. She complained of severe pain in multiple joints, even on having pain impairment. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally more effective than acetaminophen for arthritis, in our case, they were ineffective and acetaminophen (2400 mg/day) adequately controlled her pain and improved quality of life. Over 3 months, the numerical rating scale, pain interference scale of the Brief Pain Inventory, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale decreased from 6/10 to 3/10, from 52/70 to 20/70, and from 22/52 to 3/52 points, respectively. Conclusions This is the second reported case of a Japanese patient with WNK/HSN2 gene mutation of HSAN type II and the first reported case of an autonomic disorder in a patient with the WNK/HSN2 gene mutation. Acetaminophen adequately controlled arthropathy related pain in a patient with congenital impairment of pain sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamada
- Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junhui Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tomoo Mano
- Department of Neuromodulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takashima
- Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masahiko Shibata
- Center for Pain Management, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Department of Pain Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Chang MF, Hsieh JH, Chiang H, Kan HW, Huang CM, Chellis L, Lin BS, Miaw SC, Pan CL, Chao CC, Hsieh ST. Effective gene expression in the rat dorsal root ganglia with a non-viral vector delivered via spinal nerve injection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35612. [PMID: 27748450 PMCID: PMC5066268 DOI: 10.1038/srep35612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering gene constructs into the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) is a powerful but challenging therapeutic strategy for sensory disorders affecting the DRG and their peripheral processes. The current delivery methods of direct intra-DRG injection and intrathecal injection have several disadvantages, including potential injury to DRG neurons and low transfection efficiency, respectively. This study aimed to develop a spinal nerve injection strategy to deliver polyethylenimine mixed with plasmid (PEI/DNA polyplexes) containing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Using this spinal nerve injection approach, PEI/DNA polyplexes were delivered to DRG neurons without nerve injury. Within one week of the delivery, GFP expression was detected in 82.8% ± 1.70% of DRG neurons, comparable to the levels obtained by intra-DRG injection (81.3% ± 5.1%, p = 0.82) but much higher than those obtained by intrathecal injection. The degree of GFP expression by neurofilament(+) and peripherin(+) DRG neurons was similar. The safety of this approach was documented by the absence of injury marker expression, including activation transcription factor 3 and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 for neurons and glia, respectively, as well as the absence of behavioral changes. These results demonstrated the efficacy and safety of delivering PEI/DNA polyplexes to DRG neurons via spinal nerve injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fong Chang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Departments of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao Chiang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Kan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Min Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Luke Chellis
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Bo-Shiou Lin
- Department of Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chuen Miaw
- Department of Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Pan
- Department of Graduate Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chao Chao
- Departments of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Tsang Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Department of Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Science, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
- Departments of Clinical Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan
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75
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Dietrich P, Dragatsis I. Familial Dysautonomia: Mechanisms and Models. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:497-514. [PMID: 27561110 PMCID: PMC5127153 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2015-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies (HSANs) compose a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Familial Dysautonomia (FD), also known as HSAN III, is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects 1/3,600 live births in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The major features of the disease are already present at birth and are attributed to abnormal development and progressive degeneration of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Despite clinical interventions, the disease is inevitably fatal. FD is caused by a point mutation in intron 20 of the IKBKAP gene that results in severe reduction in expression of IKAP, its encoded protein. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that IKAP is involved in multiple intracellular processes, and suggest that failed target innervation and/or impaired neurotrophic retrograde transport are the primary causes of neuronal cell death in FD. However, FD is far more complex, and appears to affect several other organs and systems in addition to the peripheral nervous system. With the recent generation of mouse models that recapitulate the molecular and pathological features of the disease, it is now possible to further investigate the mechanisms underlying different aspects of the disorder, and to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Dietrich
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ioannis Dragatsis
- Department of Physiology, The University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
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76
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Oh Y, Cho GS, Li Z, Hong I, Zhu R, Kim MJ, Kim YJ, Tampakakis E, Tung L, Huganir R, Dong X, Kwon C, Lee G. Functional Coupling with Cardiac Muscle Promotes Maturation of hPSC-Derived Sympathetic Neurons. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:95-106. [PMID: 27320040 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are powerful tools for studying human neural development and diseases. Robust functional coupling of hPSC-derived neurons with target tissues in vitro is essential for modeling intercellular physiology in a dish and to further translational studies, but it has proven difficult to achieve. Here, we derive sympathetic neurons from hPSCs and show that they can form physical and functional connections with cardiac muscle cells. Using multiple hPSC reporter lines, we recapitulated human autonomic neuron development in vitro and successfully isolated PHOX2B::eGFP+ neurons that exhibit sympathetic marker expression and electrophysiological properties and norepinephrine secretion. Upon pharmacologic and optogenetic manipulation, PHOX2B::eGFP+ neurons controlled beating rates of cardiomyocytes, and the physical interactions between these cells increased neuronal maturation. This study provides a foundation for human sympathetic neuron specification and for hPSC-based neuronal control of organs in a dish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Oh
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Gun-Sik Cho
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhe Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ingie Hong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Renjun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yong Jun Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emmanouil Tampakakis
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie Tung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard Huganir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chulan Kwon
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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77
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Tang BL. (WNK)ing at death: With-no-lysine (Wnk) kinases in neuropathies and neuronal survival. Brain Res Bull 2016; 125:92-8. [PMID: 27131446 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of With-no-lysine (WNK) family of serine-threonine kinase are key regulators of chloride ion transport in diverse cell types, controlling the activity and the surface expression of cation-chloride (Na(+)/K(+)-Cl(-)) co-transporters. Mutations in WNK1 and WNK4 are linked to a hereditary form of hypertension, and WNKs have been extensively investigated pertaining to their roles in renal epithelial ion homeostasis. However, some members of the WNK family and their splice isoforms are also expressed in the mammalian brain, and have been implicated in aspects of hereditary neuropathy as well as neuronal and glial survival. WNK2, which is exclusively enriched in neurons, is well known as an anti-proliferative tumor suppressor. WNK3, on the other hand, appears to promote cell survival as its inhibition enhances neuronal apoptosis. However, loss of WNK3 has been recently shown to reduce ischemia-associated brain damage. In this review, I surveyed the potentially context-dependent roles of WNKs in neurological disorders and neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor Luen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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78
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de Filette J, Hasaerts D, Seneca S, Gheldof A, Stouffs K, Keymolen K, Velkeniers B. Polyneuropathy in a young Belgian patient: A novel heterozygous mutation in the WNK1/HSN2 gene. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2016; 2:e42. [PMID: 27066579 PMCID: PMC4817896 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Filette
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Hasaerts
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Seneca
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Velkeniers
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (J.d.F.); Pediatric Neurology Unit (D.H.), Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Centre for Medical Genetics/Research Centre Reproduction and Genetics (S.S., A.G., K.S., K.K.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Department of Endocrinology and General Internal Medicine (B.V.), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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79
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Substrate Availability of Mutant SPT Alters Neuronal Branching and Growth Cone Dynamics in Dorsal Root Ganglia. J Neurosci 2016; 35:13713-9. [PMID: 26446223 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1403-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) is a key enzyme in the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Mutations in the SPTLC1 gene that encodes for SPT subunits cause hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1. However, little is understood about how mutant SPT regulates mechanisms of sensory neuron and axonal growth. Using transgenic mice overexpressing the C133W SPT mutant, we found that mutant dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during growth in vitro exhibit increased neurite length and branching, coinciding with elevated expression of actin-cross-linking proteins at the neuronal growth cone, namely phosphorylated Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin. In addition, inhibition of SPT was able to reverse the mutant phenotype. Because mutant SPT preferentially uses l-alanine over its canonical substrate l-serine, we also investigated the effects of substrate availability on DRG neurons. Supplementation with l-serine or removal of l-alanine independently restored normal growth patterns in mutant SPTLC1(C133W) DRG. Therefore, we report that substrate availability and selectivity of SPT influence the regulation of neurite growth in DRG neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1 is an autosomal-dominant disorder that leads to a sensory neuropathy due to mutations in the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzyme. We investigated how mutant SPT and substrate levels regulate neurite growth. Because SPT is an important enzyme in the synthesis of sphingolipids, our data are of broader significance to other peripheral and metabolic disorders.
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80
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Yozu A, Haga N, Funato T, Owaki D, Chiba R, Ota J. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy types 4 and 5: Review and proposal of a new rehabilitation method. Neurosci Res 2015; 104:105-11. [PMID: 26562335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although pain is unpleasant, it should serve as a reminder for individuals to avoid similar damaging incidents in the future. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) includes genetic disorders involving various sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. They are classified by the mode of inheritance, clinical features, and related genes. HSAN type 4 (HSAN-4) and type 5 (HSAN-5) are characterized by insensitivity to pain and thermal sensation. Further, HSAN-4 is accompanied by decreased sweating and intellectual disabilities. These characteristics of HSAN-4 and -5 result in many clinical features, such as pediatric, psychiatric, orthopedic, oral, dermatological, and ophthalmological problems. Orthopedic problems include destructive injuries such as multiple fractures and joint dislocation. Studies on gait have shown greater speed and higher heel contact angular velocity in HSAN-4 and -5 patients compared with controls. Studies on grasp-lift-holding tasks have shown higher grasp force and fluctuations in acceleration of the object. We believe that these findings represent outcomes of deficient motor learning. We propose a new rehabilitation method for patients with HSAN-4 and -5, with the aim of decreasing their destructive injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arito Yozu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Haga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Funato
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Dai Owaki
- Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Chiba
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, 1-1-1 Midorigaoka-higashi-nijyou, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan
| | - Jun Ota
- Research into Artifacts, Center for Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8568, Japan
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81
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Hoyle JC, Isfort MC, Roggenbuck J, Arnold WD. The genetics of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: current trends and future implications for diagnosis and management. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2015; 8:235-43. [PMID: 26527893 PMCID: PMC4621202 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s69969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is the most common hereditary polyneuropathy and is classically associated with an insidious onset of distal predominant motor and sensory loss, muscle wasting, and pes cavus. Other forms of hereditary neuropathy, including sensory predominant or motor predominant forms, are sometimes included in the general classification of CMT, but for the purpose of this review, we will focus primarily on the forms associated with both sensory and motor deficits. CMT has a great deal of genetic heterogeneity, leading to diagnostic considerations that are still rapidly evolving for this disorder. Clinical features, inheritance pattern, gene mutation frequencies, and electrodiagnostic features all are helpful in formulating targeted testing algorithms in practical clinical settings, but these still have shortcomings. Next-generation sequencing (NGS), combined with multigene testing panels, is increasing the sensitivity and efficiency of genetic testing and is quickly overtaking targeted testing strategies. Currently, multigene panel testing and NGS can be considered first-line in many circumstances, although obtaining initial targeted testing for the PMP22 duplication in CMT patients with demyelinating conduction velocities is still a reasonable strategy. As technology improves and cost continues to fall, targeted testing will be completely replaced by multigene NGS panels that can detect the full spectrum of CMT mutations. Nevertheless, clinical acumen is still necessary given the variants of uncertain significance encountered with NGS. Despite the current limitations, the genetic diagnosis of CMT is critical for accurate prognostication, genetic counseling, and in the future, specific targeted therapies. Although whole exome and whole genome sequencing strategies have the power to further elucidate the genetics of CMT, continued technological advances are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chad Hoyle
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Isfort
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jennifer Roggenbuck
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W David Arnold
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA ; Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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82
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Elsaid MF, Chalhoub N, Kamel H, Ehlayel M, Ibrahim N, Elsaid A, Kumar P, Khalak H, Ilyin VA, Suhre K, Abdel Aleem A. Non-truncating LIFR mutation: causal for prominent congenital pain insensitivity phenotype with progressive vertebral destruction? Clin Genet 2015; 89:210-6. [PMID: 26285796 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a Qatari family with two children who displayed a characteristic phenotype of congenital marked pain insensitivity with hypohidrosis and progressive aseptic destruction of joints and vertebrae resembling that of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSANs). The patients, aged 10 and 14, remained of uncertain genetic diagnosis until whole genome sequencing was pursued. Genome sequencing identified a novel homozygous C65S mutation in the LIFR gene that is predicted to markedly destabilize and alter the structure of a particular domain and consequently to affect the functionality of the whole multi-domain LIFR protein. The C65S mutant LIFR showed altered glycosylation and an elevated expression level that might be attributed to a slow turnover of the mutant form. LIFR mutations have been reported in Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome (SWS), a severe autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia often resulting in early death. Our patients share some clinical features of rare cases of SWS long-term survivors; however, they also phenocopy HSAN due to the marked pain insensitivity phenotype and progressive bone destruction. Screening for LIFR mutations might be warranted in genetically unresolved HSAN phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Elsaid
- Section of Neurology, Pediatrics Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - N Chalhoub
- Neurogenetics Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,Neurology and Neuroscience Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Kamel
- Section of Radiology, Pediatrics Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - M Ehlayel
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Pediatrics Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - N Ibrahim
- Medical Molecular Genetics, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A Elsaid
- Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - P Kumar
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - H Khalak
- Advanced Computing, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - V A Ilyin
- Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Lane Center for Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Doha, Qatar
| | - K Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,Physiology and Biophysics Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Physiology and Biophysics Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Abdel Aleem
- Neurogenetics Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.,Neurology and Neuroscience Department, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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83
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Mathis S, Goizet C, Tazir M, Magdelaine C, Lia AS, Magy L, Vallat JM. Charcot-Marie-Tooth diseases: an update and some new proposals for the classification. J Med Genet 2015; 52:681-90. [PMID: 26246519 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most frequent form of inherited neuropathy, is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders of the peripheral nervous system, but with a quite homogeneous clinical phenotype (progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, distal sensory loss and usually decreased tendon reflexes). Our aim was to review the various CMT subtypes identified at the present time. METHODS We have analysed the medical literature and performed a historical retrospective of the main steps from the individualisation of the disease (at the end of the nineteenth century) to the recent knowledge about CMT. RESULTS To date, >60 genes (expressed in Schwann cells and neurons) have been implicated in CMT and related syndromes. The recent advances in molecular genetic techniques (such as next-generation sequencing) are promising in CMT, but it is still useful to recognise some specific clinical or pathological signs that enable us to validate genetic results. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic approaches and the underlying molecular pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS We suggest a modification of the current classification and explain why such a change is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mathis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Poitiers, France Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital (CHU Pellegrin), Bordeaux, France
| | - Meriem Tazir
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mustapha Bacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Michel Vallat
- Department of Neurology (National Reference Center "Neuropathies Périphériques Rares"), University Hospital Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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84
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Introduzione sugli aspetti genetici delle neuropatie. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)72178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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85
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Abstract
Loss of pain perception can result from neurodevelopmental defects, degeneration of nociceptive fibers, or altered excitability of sensory neurons. Hereditary neurodegeneration leading to pain loss is classified as sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN). Mutations in approximately 15 genes have been identified in the group of HSAN disorders. Hallmark of the disease is a liability to injury because of impaired acute pain as a warning system to prevent harm. The clinically overlapping "congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP)" is caused by mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels, which control the excitability of nociceptors. However, mutations in the latter genes can also result in disorders with increased pain susceptibility. This review summarizes the clinical presentation of HSAN and pain-related channelopathies and discusses the underlying disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kurth
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743, Jena, Deutschland,
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86
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Nahorski MS, Al-Gazali L, Hertecant J, Owen DJ, Borner GHH, Chen YC, Benn CL, Carvalho OP, Shaikh SS, Phelan A, Robinson MS, Royle SJ, Woods CG. A novel disorder reveals clathrin heavy chain-22 is essential for human pain and touch development. Brain 2015; 138:2147-60. [PMID: 26068709 PMCID: PMC4511860 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital inability to feel pain is very rare but the identification of causative genes has yielded significant insights into pain pathways and also novel targets for pain treatment. We report a novel recessive disorder characterized by congenital insensitivity to pain, inability to feel touch, and cognitive delay. Affected individuals harboured a homozygous missense mutation in CLTCL1 encoding the CHC22 clathrin heavy chain, p.E330K, which we demonstrate to have a functional effect on the protein. We found that CLTCL1 is significantly upregulated in the developing human brain, displaying an expression pattern suggestive of an early neurodevelopmental role. Guided by the disease phenotype, we investigated the role of CHC22 in two human neural crest differentiation systems; human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nociceptors and TRKB-dependant SH-SY5Y cells. In both there was a significant downregulation of CHC22 upon the onset of neural differentiation. Furthermore, knockdown of CHC22 induced neurite outgrowth in neural precursor cells, which was rescued by stable overexpression of small interfering RNA-resistant CHC22, but not by mutant CHC22. Similarly, overexpression of wild-type, but not mutant, CHC22 blocked neurite outgrowth in cells treated with retinoic acid. These results reveal an essential and non-redundant role for CHC22 in neural crest development and in the genesis of pain and touch sensing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Nahorski
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Lihadh Al-Gazali
- 2 Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - David J Owen
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Georg H H Borner
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK 4 Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ya-Chun Chen
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Caroline L Benn
- 5 Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge. CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Ofélia P Carvalho
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Samiha S Shaikh
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Anne Phelan
- 5 Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Cambridge. CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Margaret S Robinson
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Stephen J Royle
- 6 Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - C Geoffrey Woods
- 1 Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
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87
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Abstract
The neuronal isoforms of bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1, and also known as dystonin) are a group of large cytoskeletal linker proteins predominantly expressed in sensory neurons. The major neuronal isoforms consist of the spectraplakins (BPAG1/dystonin-a1, -a2, -a3), which have an N-terminus actin-binding domain and a C-terminus microtubule-binding domain. These proteins have crucial roles in cytoskeletal organization and stability, organelle integrity, and intracellular transport. BPAG1 loss-of-function in mice results in a lethal movement disorder known as dystonia musculorum (dt), which is likely caused by rapid sensory neuron degeneration. A human disease termed hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathy type VI was also identified to be associated with mutations in the BPAG1 gene (DST). This chapter provides an overview of the type of experiments used for analysis of the different isoforms of BPAG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Lynch-Godrei
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; University of Ottawa Center for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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88
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Wang Q, Guo S, Duan G, Xiang G, Ying Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X. Novel and novel de novo mutations in NTRK1 associated with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis: a case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e871. [PMID: 25984678 PMCID: PMC4602583 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a very rare autosomal recessively inherited disorder. The main clinical features of the disorder consist of absence of reactions to noxious stimuli and inability to sweat under any conditions.In this case report, a 3-year-old Chinese boy diagnosed with CIPA presented with the core features of CIPA, including insensitivity to noxious stimuli, self-mutilation, inability to sweat, and developmental delay. Clinical and genetic analyses were conducted on the affected boy.Sequencing analysis revealed an inherited novel mutation, c.1635G>C, and a novel de novo mutation, c.2197G>A, in the NTRK1 gene. In silico studies suggested that the mutations described are detrimental to the function of the protein encoded by the NTRK1 gene.The two novel mutations described here widen the genetic spectrum of CIPA, and this knowledge will benefit studies addressing this disease and pain medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingli Wang
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China (QW, SG, GD, GX, YY, YZ, XZ); and Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military, Wuhan, China (QW)
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89
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Freeman R. The puzzle of orthostatic tolerance in hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, type IV. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:741-2. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.24404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Freeman
- Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston MA
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90
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Camdessanché JP, Antoine JC. Neuropatie sensitive. Neurologia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(15)70522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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91
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Tétreault M, Gonzalez M, Dicaire MJ, Allard P, Gehring K, Leblanc D, Leclerc N, Schondorf R, Mathieu J, Zuchner S, Brais B. Adult-onset painful axonal polyneuropathy caused by a dominant NAGLU mutation. Brain 2015; 138:1477-83. [PMID: 25818867 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Late-onset painful sensory neuropathies are usually acquired conditions associated with common diseases. Adult presentations of known hereditary forms are often accompanied by other organ involvement. We recruited a large French-Canadian family with a dominantly inherited late-onset painful sensory neuropathy. The main clinical feature is recurrent leg pain that progresses to constant painful paraesthesias in the feet and later the hands. As it evolves, some patients develop a mild sensory ataxia. We selected four affected individuals for whole exome sequencing. Analysis of rare variants shared by all cases led to a list of four candidate variants. Segregation analysis in all 45 recruited individuals has shown that only the p.Ile403Thr variant in the α-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAGLU) gene segregates with the disease. Recessive NAGLU mutations cause the severe childhood lysosomal disease mucopolysacharidosis IIIB. Family members carrying the mutation showed a significant decrease of the enzymatic function (average 45%). The late-onset and variable severity of the symptoms may have precluded the description of such symptoms in parents of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB cases. The identification of a dominant phenotype associated with a NAGLU mutation supports that some carriers of lysosomal enzyme mutations may develop later in life much milder phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Tétreault
- 1 Neurogenetics of Motion Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Michael Gonzalez
- 2 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marie-Josée Dicaire
- 1 Neurogenetics of Motion Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pierre Allard
- 3 Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHU-Ste-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Diane Leblanc
- 3 Laboratoire de génétique médicale, CHU-Ste-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nadine Leclerc
- 5 Cliniques des maladies neuromusculaires, CSSS-Jonquière, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Ronald Schondorf
- 6 Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jean Mathieu
- 5 Cliniques des maladies neuromusculaires, CSSS-Jonquière, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- 2 Dr John T Macdonald Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bernard Brais
- 1 Neurogenetics of Motion Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada 5 Cliniques des maladies neuromusculaires, CSSS-Jonquière, Quebec, G7H 7K9, Canada
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92
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Othman A, Bianchi R, Alecu I, Wei Y, Porretta-Serapiglia C, Lombardi R, Chiorazzi A, Meregalli C, Oggioni N, Cavaletti G, Lauria G, von Eckardstein A, Hornemann T. Lowering plasma 1-deoxysphingolipids improves neuropathy in diabetic rats. Diabetes 2015; 64:1035-45. [PMID: 25277395 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1-Deoxysphingolipids (1-deoxySLs) are atypical neurotoxic sphingolipids that are formed by the serine-palmitoyltransferase (SPT). Pathologically elevated 1-deoxySL concentrations cause hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1 (HSAN1), an axonal neuropathy associated with several missense mutations in SPT. Oral L-serine supplementation suppressed the formation of 1-deoxySLs in patients with HSAN1 and preserved nerve function in an HSAN1 mouse model. Because 1-deoxySLs also are elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, L-serine supplementation could also be a therapeutic option for diabetic neuropathy (DN). This was tested in diabetic STZ rats in a preventive and therapeutic treatment scheme. Diabetic rats showed significantly increased plasma 1-deoxySL concentrations, and L-serine supplementation lowered 1-deoxySL concentrations in both treatment schemes (P < 0.0001). L-serine had no significant effect on hyperglycemia, body weight, or food intake. Mechanical sensitivity was significantly improved in the preventive (P < 0.01) and therapeutic schemes (P < 0.001). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) significantly improved in only the preventive group (P < 0.05). Overall NCV showed a highly significant (P = 5.2E-12) inverse correlation with plasma 1-deoxySL concentrations. In summary, our data support the hypothesis that 1-deoxySLs are involved in the pathology of DN and that an oral L-serine supplementation could be a novel therapeutic option for treating DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Othman
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Competence Centre for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Bianchi
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irina Alecu
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu Wei
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Chiorazzi
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Meregalli
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Norberto Oggioni
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit and Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology and Headache Unit, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Competence Centre for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Competence Centre for Systems Physiology and Metabolic Diseases, Zurich, Switzerland
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93
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Baets J, Duan X, Wu Y, Smith G, Seeley WW, Mademan I, McGrath NM, Beadell NC, Khoury J, Botuyan MV, Mer G, Worrell GA, Hojo K, DeLeon J, Laura M, Liu YT, Senderek J, Weis J, Van den Bergh P, Merrill SL, Reilly MM, Houlden H, Grossman M, Scherer SS, De Jonghe P, Dyck PJ, Klein CJ. Defects of mutant DNMT1 are linked to a spectrum of neurological disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 138:845-61. [PMID: 25678562 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a broader than previously appreciated clinical spectrum for hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type 1E (HSAN1E) and a potential pathogenic mechanism for DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1) mutations. The clinical presentations and genetic characteristics of nine newly identified HSAN1E kinships (45 affected subjects) were investigated. Five novel mutations of DNMT1 were discovered; p.C353F, p.T481P, p.P491L, p.Y524D and p.I531N, all within the target-sequence domain, and two mutations (p.T481P, p.P491L) arising de novo. Recently, HSAN1E has been suggested as an allelic disorder of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy. Our results indicate that all the mutations causal for HSAN1E are located in the middle part or N-terminus end of the TS domain, whereas all the mutations causal for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia, deafness and narcolepsy are located in the C-terminus end of the TS domain. The impact of the seven causal mutations in this cohort was studied by cellular localization experiments. The binding efficiency of the mutant DNMT proteins at the replication foci and heterochromatin were evaluated. Phenotypic characterizations included electromyography, brain magnetic resonance and nuclear imaging, electroencephalography, sural nerve biopsies, sleep evaluation and neuropsychometric testing. The average survival of HSAN1E was 53.6 years. [standard deviation = 7.7, range 43-75 years], and mean onset age was 37.7 years. (standard deviation = 8.6, range 18-51 years). Expanded phenotypes include myoclonic seizures, auditory or visual hallucinations, and renal failure. Hypersomnia, rapid eye movement sleep disorder and/or narcolepsy were identified in 11 subjects. Global brain atrophy was found in 12 of 14 who had brain MRI. EEGs showed low frequency (delta waves) frontal-predominant abnormality in five of six patients. Marked variability in cognitive deficits was observed, but the majority of patients (89%) developed significant cognitive deficit by the age of 45 years. Cognitive function decline often started with personality changes and psychiatric manifestations. A triad of hearing loss, sensory neuropathy and cognitive decline remains as the stereotypic presentation of HSAN1E. Moreover, we show that mutant DNMT1 proteins translocate to the cytoplasm and are prone to form aggresomes while losing their binding ability to heterochromatin during the G2 cell cycle. Our results suggest mutations in DNMT1 result in imbalanced protein homeostasis through aggresome-induced autophagy. This mechanism may explain why mutations in the sole DNA maintenance methyltransferase lead to selective central and peripheral neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Baets
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Xiaohui Duan
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 5 Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing China
| | - Yanhong Wu
- 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Gordon Smith
- 7 Department of Neurology, University of Utah, UT, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- 8 Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California San Franciso, California, USA
| | - Inès Mademan
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Nicole M McGrath
- 9 Department of Medicine, Whangarei Hospital, Whangarei, New Zealand
| | - Noah C Beadell
- 10 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, WA, USA
| | - Julie Khoury
- 10 Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, WA, USA
| | | | - Georges Mer
- 11 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Gregory A Worrell
- 12 Epilepsy Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
| | - Kaori Hojo
- 13 Harima Sanatorium, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jessica DeLeon
- 14 Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matilde Laura
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Yo-Tsen Liu
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 17 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 18 National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jan Senderek
- 19 Friedrich-Baur Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- 20 Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Van den Bergh
- 21 Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Cliniques universitaires St-Luc, Université de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shana L Merrill
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mary M Reilly
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- 15 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK 16 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology and National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Murray Grossman
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven S Scherer
- 22 Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- 1 Neurogenetics Group, VIB-Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 2 Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium 3 Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter J Dyck
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher J Klein
- 4 Peripheral Neuropathy Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA 23 Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic Rochester MN, USA
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94
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Abstract
Human and mouse genetic studies have led to significant advances in our understanding of the role of voltage-gated sodium channels in pain pathways. In this chapter, we focus on Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9 and Nav1.3 and describe the insights gained from the detailed analyses of global and conditional transgenic Nav knockout mice in terms of pain behaviour. The spectrum of human disorders caused by mutations in these channels is also outlined, concluding with a summary of recent progress in the development of selective Nav1.7 inhibitors for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdella M Habib
- Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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95
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Astudillo L, Sabourdy F, Therville N, Bode H, Ségui B, Andrieu-Abadie N, Hornemann T, Levade T. Human genetic disorders of sphingolipid biosynthesis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:65-76. [PMID: 25141825 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-014-9736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic defects of sphingolipid biosynthesis have been recently identified in human patients. These enzyme deficiencies affect the synthesis of sphingolipid precursors, ceramides or complex glycosphingolipids. They are transmitted as autosomal recessive or dominant traits, and their resulting phenotypes often replicate the abnormalities seen in murine models deficient for the corresponding enzymes. In quite good agreement with the known critical roles of sphingolipids in cells from the nervous system and the epidermis, these genetic defects clinically manifest as neurological disorders, including paraplegia, epilepsy or peripheral neuropathies, or present with ichthyosis. The present review summarizes the genetic alterations, biochemical changes and clinical symptoms of this new group of inherited metabolic disorders. Hypotheses regarding the molecular pathophysiology and potential treatments of these diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Astudillo
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037, Team n 4, CHU Rangueil, BP, 84225, 31432, Toulouse, France
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96
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Haga N, Kubota M, Miwa Z. Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy types IV and V in Japan. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:30-6. [PMID: 25422087 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy (HSAN) is a group of genetic disorders involving varying sensory and autonomic dysfunction. HSAN types IV and V are characterized by congenital generalized loss of pain and thermal sensation. HSAN type IV is additionally accompanied by decreased sweating and intellectual disability. From 2010 to 2013, we (members of the Japanese Research Group on Congenital Insensitivity to Pain) carried out research on HSAN types IV and V. Research by this group included epidemiological data, examination of clinical findings, solutions of disease etiology, investigation of complications and development of their management. Complications were categorized into musculoskeletal complications, oral/dental complications, dermal complications, ocular complications, complications resulting from impaired thermal control, anesthetic considerations, other complications possibly related to autonomic dysfunction, and abnormal mental development and behavior. Treatment and care for patients with HSAN types IV and V require a wide range of knowledge and experience, and a multidisciplinary team approach. Therefore, we produced the "Guideline of Total Management and Care for Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (Ver.1)" in 2012, to provide information for medical specialists based on our knowledge and experience. This guideline includes medical issues, as well as descriptions of social participation and welfare. This review outlines the situation of HSAN types IV and V in Japan, and the recommendations of treatment and care for patients, mostly based on research conducted by the Japanese Research Group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Haga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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97
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of high-throughput next-generation sequencing techniques in multiple tumor types during the last few years has identified NTRK1, 2, and 3 gene rearrangements encoding novel oncogenic fusions in 19 different tumor types to date. These recent developments have led us to revisit an old oncogene, Trk (originally identified as OncD), which encodes the TPM3-NTRK1 gene fusion and was one of the first transforming chromosomal rearrangements identified 32 years ago. However, no drug has yet been approved by the FDA for cancers harboring this oncogene. This review will discuss the biology of the TRK family of receptors, their role in human cancer, the types of oncogenic alterations, and drugs that are currently in development for this family of oncogene targets. SIGNIFICANCE Precision oncology approaches have accelerated recently due to advancements in our ability to detect oncogenic mutations in tumor samples. Oncogenic alterations, most commonly gene fusions, have now been detected for the genes encoding the TRKA, TRKB, and TRKC receptor tyrosine kinases across multiple tumor types. The scientific rationale for the targeting of the TRK oncogene family will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aria Vaishnavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anh T Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.
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98
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Jamieson DG, Moss A, Kennedy M, Jones S, Nenadic G, Robertson DL, Sidders B. The pain interactome: connecting pain-specific protein interactions. Pain 2014; 155:2243-52. [PMID: 24978826 PMCID: PMC4247380 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with disease is a central goal of modern medical research. As such, many thousands of experiments have been published that detail individual molecular events that contribute to a disease. Here we use a semi-automated text mining approach to accurately and exhaustively curate the primary literature for chronic pain states. In so doing, we create a comprehensive network of 1,002 contextualized protein-protein interactions (PPIs) specifically associated with pain. The PPIs form a highly interconnected and coherent structure, and the resulting network provides an alternative to those derived from connecting genes associated with pain using interactions that have not been shown to occur in a painful state. We exploit the contextual data associated with our interactions to analyse subnetworks specific to inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and to various anatomical regions. Here, we identify potential targets for further study and several drug-repurposing opportunities. Finally, the network provides a framework for the interpretation of new data within the field of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Jamieson
- Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Moss
- Neusentis, Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Kennedy
- Neusentis, Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sherrie Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Goran Nenadic
- Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David L Robertson
- Computational and Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben Sidders
- Neusentis, Pfizer, Worldwide Research & Development, Cambridge, UK.
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99
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Hepburn L, Prajsnar TK, Klapholz C, Moreno P, Loynes CA, Ogryzko NV, Brown K, Schiebler M, Hegyi K, Antrobus R, Hammond KL, Connolly J, Ochoa B, Bryant C, Otto M, Surewaard B, Seneviratne SL, Grogono DM, Cachat J, Ny T, Kaser A, Török ME, Peacock SJ, Holden M, Blundell T, Wang L, Ligoxygakis P, Minichiello L, Woods CG, Foster SJ, Renshaw SA, Floto RA. Innate immunity. A Spaetzle-like role for nerve growth factor β in vertebrate immunity to Staphylococcus aureus. Science 2014; 346:641-646. [PMID: 25359976 PMCID: PMC4255479 DOI: 10.1126/science.1258705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many key components of innate immunity to infection are shared between Drosophila and humans. However, the fly Toll ligand Spaetzle is not thought to have a vertebrate equivalent. We have found that the structurally related cystine-knot protein, nerve growth factor β (NGFβ), plays an unexpected Spaetzle-like role in immunity to Staphylococcus aureus infection in chordates. Deleterious mutations of either human NGFβ or its high-affinity receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor A (TRKA) were associated with severe S. aureus infections. NGFβ was released by macrophages in response to S. aureus exoproteins through activation of the NOD-like receptors NLRP3 and NLRP4 and enhanced phagocytosis and superoxide-dependent killing, stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production, and promoted calcium-dependent neutrophil recruitment. TrkA knockdown in zebrafish increased susceptibility to S. aureus infection, confirming an evolutionarily conserved role for NGFβ-TRKA signaling in pathogen-specific host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Hepburn
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tomasz K. Prajsnar
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Catherine Klapholz
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Moreno
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine A. Loynes
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Nikolay V. Ogryzko
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Karen Brown
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Schiebler
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Krisztina Hegyi
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin Antrobus
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine L. Hammond
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - John Connolly
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Clare Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis NIAID, NIH, Bethesda USA
| | - Bas Surewaard
- Dept of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Dorothy M. Grogono
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julien Cachat
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva University, Switzerland
| | - Tor Ny
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umea University, Sweden
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sharon J. Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Tom Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lihui Wang
- Biochemistry Department, Oxford University. UK
| | | | | | - C. Geoff Woods
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J. Foster
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - R. Andres Floto
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Lung Infection, Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Hübner CA, Kurth I. Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:3109-21. [PMID: 25281866 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurons with long projections are particularly liable to damage, which is reflected by a large group of hereditary neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect these neurons. In the group of hereditary spastic paraplegias motor axons of the central nervous system degenerate, while distal pure motor neuropathies, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders and the group of hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies are characterized by degeneration of peripheral nerve fibres. Because the underlying pathologies share many parallels, the disorders are also referred to as axonopathies. A large number of genes has been associated with axonopathies and one of the emerging subgroups encodes membrane-shaping proteins with a central reticulon homology domain. Association of these proteins with lipid bilayers induces positive membrane curvature and influences the architecture of cellular organelles. Membrane-shaping proteins closely cooperate and directly interact with each other, but their structural features and localization to distinct subdomains of organelles suggests mutually exclusive roles. In some individuals a mutation in a shaping protein can result in upper motor neuron dysfunction, whereas in other patients it can lead to a degeneration of peripheral neurons. This suggests that membrane-shaping disorders might be considered as a continuous disease-spectrum of the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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