51
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Shaik ABDAJWI, Palla P. Optical quantum technologies with hexagonal boron nitride single photon sources. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12285. [PMID: 34112837 PMCID: PMC8192930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Single photon quantum emitters are important building blocks of optical quantum technologies. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), an atomically thin wide band gap two dimensional material, hosts robust, optically active luminescent point defects, which are known to reduce phonon lifetimes, promises as a stable single-photon source at room temperature. In this Review, we present the recent advances in hBN quantum light emission, comparisons with other 2D material based quantum sources and analyze the performance of hBN quantum emitters. We also discuss state-of-the-art stable single photon emitter's fabrication in UV, visible and near IR regions, their activation, characterization techniques, photostability towards a wide range of operating temperatures and harsh environments, Density-functional theory predictions of possible hBN defect structures for single photon emission in UV to IR regions and applications of single photon sources in quantum communication and quantum photonic circuits with associated potential obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Basha Dhu-Al-Jalali-Wal-Ikram Shaik
- Center for Nanotechnology Research & Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Penchalaiah Palla
- Center for Nanotechnology Research & Department of Micro and Nanoelectronics, School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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52
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Chen P, Li Z, Li D, Pi L, Liu X, Luo J, Zhou X, Zhai T. 2D Rare Earth Material (EuOCl) with Ultra-Narrow Photoluminescence at Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100137. [PMID: 33811431 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High color purity and color rendition of 2D luminescent materials have long been pursued for applications in low-dimensional lighting, display, biolabeling, and laser. However, the reported photoluminescence (PL) linewidth of most 2D luminescent materials is about dozens of meV. Herein, a brand-new luminescent system of 2D rare earth (RE) material EuOCl (1.1 nm) with ultra-narrow linewidth (1.2 meV) at room temperature is successfully synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The linewidth of EuOCl flakes at room temperature is even narrower than most 2D luminescent materials and heterostructures detected at below 10 K. Impressively, the as-synthesized EuOCl flakes show abnormal temperature-dependent photoluminescent properties, which is absolutely different from the relatively stable 4f-4f transitions in RE owing to shielding from outer shell electrons. J-mixing effect has been successfully applied for this phenomenon. Undoubtedly, luminescent 2D EuOCl flakes will open new territory for the applications of 2D RE materials in the 2D luminescent areas, especially for the applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zexin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Dongyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lejing Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Xing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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53
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Errando-Herranz C, Schöll E, Picard R, Laini M, Gyger S, Elshaari AW, Branny A, Wennberg U, Barbat S, Renaud T, Sartison M, Brotons-Gisbert M, Bonato C, Gerardot BD, Zwiller V, Jöns KD. Resonance Fluorescence from Waveguide-Coupled, Strain-Localized, Two-Dimensional Quantum Emitters. ACS PHOTONICS 2021; 8:1069-1076. [PMID: 34056034 PMCID: PMC8155555 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Efficient on-chip integration of single-photon emitters imposes a major bottleneck for applications of photonic integrated circuits in quantum technologies. Resonantly excited solid-state emitters are emerging as near-optimal quantum light sources, if not for the lack of scalability of current devices. Current integration approaches rely on cost-inefficient individual emitter placement in photonic integrated circuits, rendering applications impossible. A promising scalable platform is based on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. However, resonant excitation and single-photon emission of waveguide-coupled 2D emitters have proven to be elusive. Here, we show a scalable approach using a silicon nitride photonic waveguide to simultaneously strain-localize single-photon emitters from a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer and to couple them into a waveguide mode. We demonstrate the guiding of single photons in the photonic circuit by measuring second-order autocorrelation of g(2)(0) = 0.150 ± 0.093 and perform on-chip resonant excitation, yielding a g(2)(0) = 0.377 ± 0.081. Our results are an important step to enable coherent control of quantum states and multiplexing of high-quality single photons in a scalable photonic quantum circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- E-mail:
| | - Eva Schöll
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Raphaël Picard
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Micaela Laini
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Gyger
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali W. Elshaari
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Art Branny
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Wennberg
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sebastien Barbat
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thibaut Renaud
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc Sartison
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Mauro Brotons-Gisbert
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Bonato
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Brian D. Gerardot
- Institute
for Photonics and Quantum Sciences, SUPA, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klaus D. Jöns
- Department
of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
- E-mail:
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54
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So JP, Jeong KY, Lee JM, Kim KH, Lee SJ, Huh W, Kim HR, Choi JH, Kim JM, Kim YS, Lee CH, Nam S, Park HG. Polarization Control of Deterministic Single-Photon Emitters in Monolayer WSe 2. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1546-1554. [PMID: 33502866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon emitters, the basic building blocks of quantum communication and information, have been developed using atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Although the bandgap of TMDCs was spatially engineered in artificially created defects for single-photon emitters, it remains a challenge to precisely align the emitter's dipole moment to optical cavities for the Purcell enhancement. Here, we demonstrate position- and polarization-controlled single-photon emitters in monolayer WSe2. A tensile strain of ∼0.2% was applied to monolayer WSe2 by placing it onto a dielectric rod structure with a nanosized gap. Excitons were localized in the nanogap sites, resulting in the generation of linearly polarized single-photon emission with a g(2) of ∼0.1 at 4 K. Additionally, we measured the abrupt change in polarization of single photons with respect to the nanogap size. Our robust spatial and polarization control of emission provides an efficient way to demonstrate deterministic and scalable single-photon sources by integrating with nanocavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Huh
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reem Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuck Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Myung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - SungWoo Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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55
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Liu J, Li C, Jin W, Lefkidis G, Hübner W. Long-Distance Ultrafast Spin Transfer over a Zigzag Carbon Chain Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:037402. [PMID: 33543976 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.037402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using high-level ab initio quantum theory we suggest an optically induced subpicosecond spin-transfer scenario over 4.428 nm, a distance which is directly comparable to the actual CMOS scale. The spin-density transfer takes place between two Ni atoms and over a 40-atom-long zigzag carbon chain. The suitable combination of the local symmetries of the participating carbon atoms and the global symmetry of the whole molecule gives rise to what we term the dynamical Goodenough-Kanamori rules, allowing the long-range coupling of the two Ni atoms. We also present local spin-flip scenarios, and compare spin flip and spin transfer with respect to their sensitivity against an external static magnetic gradient. Finally, we use two identical laser pulses, rather than a single one, which allows us to accurately control local (intrasite) vs global (intersite) processes, and we thus solve the problem of embedding individually addressable molecular nanologic elements in an integrated nanospintronic circuit. Our results underline the great potential of carbon chain systems as building and supporting blocks for designing future all-optical magnetic processing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Chun Li
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Georgios Lefkidis
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wolfgang Hübner
- Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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56
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Liu DS, Wu J, Xu H, Wang Z. Emerging Light-Emitting Materials for Photonic Integration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003733. [PMID: 33306201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of the information explosion era is urging the development of large-bandwidth high-data-rate optical interconnection technology. Up to now, the biggest stumbling block in optical interconnections has been the lack of efficient light sources despite significant progress that has been made in germanium-on-silicon (Ge-on-Si) and III-V-on-silicon (III-V-on-Si) lasers. 2D materials and metal halide perovskites have attracted much attention in recent years, and exhibit distinctive advantages in the application of on-chip light emitters. Herein, this Progress Report reviews the recent progress made in light-emitting materials with a focus on new materials, i.e., 2D materials and metal halide perovskites. The report briefly introduces the current status of Ge-on-Si and III-V-on-Si lasers and discusses the advances of 2D and perovskite light-emitting materials for photonic integration, including their optical properties, preparation methods, as well as the light sources based on these materials. Finally, challenges and perspectives of these emerging materials on the way to the efficient light sources are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Liu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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57
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Vásquez GC, Bathen ME, Galeckas A, Bazioti C, Johansen KM, Maestre D, Cremades A, Prytz Ø, Moe AM, Kuznetsov AY, Vines L. Strain Modulation of Si Vacancy Emission from SiC Micro- and Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8689-8695. [PMID: 33175553 PMCID: PMC7735738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon emitting point defects in semiconductors have emerged as strong candidates for future quantum technology devices. In the present work, we exploit crystalline particles to investigate relevant defect localizations, emission shifting, and waveguiding. Specifically, emission from 6H-SiC micro- and nanoparticles ranging from 100 nm to 5 μm in size is collected using cathodoluminescence (CL), and we monitor signals attributed to the Si vacancy (VSi) as a function of its location. Clear shifts in the emission wavelength are found for emitters localized in the particle center and at the edges. By comparing spatial CL maps with strain analysis carried out in transmission electron microscopy, we attribute the emission shifts to compressive strain of 2-3% along the particle a-direction. Thus, embedding VSi qubit defects within SiC nanoparticles offers an interesting and versatile opportunity to tune single-photon emission energies while simultaneously ensuring ease of addressability via a self-assembled SiC nanoparticle matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. C. Vásquez
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - M. E. Bathen
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - A. Galeckas
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - C. Bazioti
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - K. M. Johansen
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Maestre
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Cremades
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ø. Prytz
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - A. M. Moe
- Washington
Mills AS, NO-7300 Orkanger, Norway
| | - A. Yu. Kuznetsov
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - L. Vines
- Centre
for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, N-0318 Oslo, Norway
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58
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Integration of Single-Photon Emitters in 2D Materials with Plasmonic Waveguides at Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091663. [PMID: 32854316 PMCID: PMC7559460 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Efficient integration of a single-photon emitter with an optical waveguide is essential for quantum integrated circuits. In this study, we integrated a single-photon emitter in a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) flake with a Ag plasmonic waveguide and measured its optical properties at room temperature. First, we performed numerical simulations to calculate the efficiency of light coupling from the emitter to the Ag plasmonic waveguide, depending on the position and polarization of the emitter. In the experiment, we placed a Ag nanowire, which acted as the plasmonic waveguide, near the defect of the h-BN, which acted as the single-photon emitter. The position and direction of the nanowire were precisely controlled using a stamping method. Our time-resolved photoluminescence measurement showed that the single-photon emission from the h-BN flake was enhanced to almost twice the intensity as a result of the coupling with the Ag nanowire. We expect these results to pave the way for the practical implementation of on-chip nanoscale quantum plasmonic integrated circuits.
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59
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Trofimov P, Pushkarev AP, Sinev IS, Fedorov VV, Bruyère S, Bolshakov A, Mukhin IS, Makarov SV. Perovskite-Gallium Phosphide Platform for Reconfigurable Visible-Light Nanophotonic Chip. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8126-8134. [PMID: 32539336 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the wavelength in on-chip light circuitry is critically important not only for the sake of keeping up with Moore's law for photonics but also for reaching toward the spectral ranges of operation of emerging materials, such as atomically thin semiconductors, vacancy-based single-photon emitters, and quantum dots. This requires efficient and tunable light sources as well as compatible waveguide networks. For the first challenge, halide perovskites are prospective materials that enable cost-efficient fabrication of micro- and nanolasers. On the other hand, III-V semiconductor nanowires are optimal for guiding of visible light as they exhibit a high refractive index as well as excellent shape and crystalline quality beneficial for strong light confinement and long-range waveguiding. Here, we develop an integrated platform for visible light that comprises gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires directly embedded into compact CsPbBr3-based light sources. In our devices, perovskite microcrystals support stable room-temperature lasing and broadband chemical tuning of the emission wavelength in the range of 530-680 nm, whereas GaP nanowaveguides support efficient outcoupling of light, its subwavelength (<200 nm) confinement, and long-range guiding over distances more than 20 μm. As a highlight of our approach, we demonstrate sequential transfer and conversion of light using an intermediate perovskite nanoparticle in a chain of GaP nanowaveguides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Trofimov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anatoly P Pushkarev
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Stéphanie Bruyère
- Institut Jean Lamour, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy 50840, France
| | - Alexey Bolshakov
- St. Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Ivan S Mukhin
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- St. Petersburg Academic University, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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60
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Fröch JE, Kim S, Mendelson N, Kianinia M, Toth M, Aharonovich I. Coupling Hexagonal Boron Nitride Quantum Emitters to Photonic Crystal Cavities. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7085-7091. [PMID: 32401482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum photonics technologies require a scalable approach for the integration of nonclassical light sources with photonic resonators to achieve strong light confinement and enhancement of quantum light emission. Point defects from hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are among the front runners for single photon sources due to their ultra-bright emission; however, the coupling of hBN defects to photonic crystal cavities has so far remained elusive. Here we demonstrate on-chip integration of hBN quantum emitters with photonic crystal cavities from silicon nitride (Si3N4) and achieve an experimentally measured quality factor (Q-factor) of 3300 for hBN/Si3N4 hybrid cavities. We observed 6-fold photoluminescence enhancement of an hBN single photon emission at room temperature. Our work will be useful for further development of cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments and on-chip integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes E Fröch
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Sejeong Kim
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Noah Mendelson
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Mehran Kianinia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Milos Toth
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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61
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Pecoraro A, Schiavo E, Maddalena P, Muñoz‐García AB, Pavone M. Structural and electronic properties of defective
2D
transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures. J Comput Chem 2020; 41:1946-1955. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pecoraro
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Eduardo Schiavo
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Pasqualino Maddalena
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Ana B. Muñoz‐García
- Department of Physics “Ettore Pancini”University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
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62
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Mitterreiter E, Schuler B, Cochrane KA, Wurstbauer U, Weber-Bargioni A, Kastl C, Holleitner AW. Atomistic Positioning of Defects in Helium Ion Treated Single-Layer MoS 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4437-4444. [PMID: 32368920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structuring materials with atomic precision is the ultimate goal of nanotechnology and is becoming increasingly relevant as an enabling technology for quantum electronics/spintronics and quantum photonics. Here, we create atomic defects in monolayer MoS2 by helium ion (He-ion) beam lithography with a spatial fidelity approaching the single-atom limit in all three dimensions. Using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we confirm the formation of individual point defects in MoS2 upon He-ion bombardment and show that defects are generated within 9 nm of the incident helium ions. Atom-specific sputtering yields are determined by analyzing the type and occurrence of defects observed in high-resolution STM images and compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Both theory and experiment indicate that the He-ion bombardment predominantly generates sulfur vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmar Mitterreiter
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bruno Schuler
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Cochrane
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ursula Wurstbauer
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str.10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Weber-Bargioni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Christoph Kastl
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander W Holleitner
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 München, Germany
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63
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Mennel L, Smejkal V, Linhart L, Burgdörfer J, Libisch F, Mueller T. Band Nesting in Two-Dimensional Crystals: An Exceptionally Sensitive Probe of Strain. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4242-4248. [PMID: 32436711 PMCID: PMC7291349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Band nesting occurs when conduction and valence bands are approximately equispaced over regions in the Brillouin zone. In two-dimensional materials, band nesting results in singularities of the joint density of states and thus in a strongly enhanced optical response at resonant frequencies. We exploit the high sensitivity of such resonances to small changes in the band structure to sensitively probe strain in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). We measure and calculate the polarization-resolved optical second harmonic generation (SHG) at the band nesting energies and present the first measurements of the energy-dependent nonlinear photoelastic effect in atomically thin TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2) combined with a theoretical analysis of the underlying processes. Experiment and theory are found to be in good qualitative agreement displaying a strong energy dependence of the SHG, which can be exploited to achieve exceptionally strong modulation of the SHG under strain. We attribute this sensitivity to a redistribution of the joint density of states for the optical response in the band nesting region. We predict that this exceptional strain sensitivity is a general property of all 2D materials with band nesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Mennel
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Photonics, Gußhausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria,
EU
- E-mail:
| | - Valerie Smejkal
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical
Physics, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
- E-mail:
| | - Lukas Linhart
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical
Physics, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Joachim Burgdörfer
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical
Physics, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Florian Libisch
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Theoretical
Physics, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Vienna
University of Technology, Institute of Photonics, Gußhausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria,
EU
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64
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Elshaari AW, Pernice W, Srinivasan K, Benson O, Zwiller V. Hybrid integrated quantum photonic circuits. NATURE PHOTONICS 2020; 14:10.1038/s41566-020-0609-x. [PMID: 34815738 PMCID: PMC8607459 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-020-0609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in chip-based photonic quantum circuits has radically impacted quantum information processing. However, it is challenging for monolithic photonic platforms to meet the stringent demands of most quantum applications. Hybrid platforms combining different photonic technologies in a single functional unit have great potential to overcome the limitations of monolithic photonic circuits. Our review summarizes the progress of hybrid quantum photonics integration, discusses important design considerations including optical connectivity and operation conditions, then highlights several successful realizations of key physical resources for building a quantum-teleporter. We conclude by discussing the roadmap for realizing future advanced large-scale hybrid devices, beyond the solid state platform, which hold great potential for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali W Elshaari
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfram Pernice
- Institute of Physics, University of Muenster, Heisenbergstr, 11, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kartik Srinivasan
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Oliver Benson
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin & IRIS Adlershof, Nanooptics, Newtonstraße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Val Zwiller
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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