51
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Leigh DA, Danon JJ, Fielden SDP, Lemonnier JF, Whitehead GFS, Woltering SL. A molecular endless (7 4) knot. Nat Chem 2021; 13:117-122. [PMID: 33318672 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Current strategies for the synthesis of molecular knots focus on twisting, folding and/or threading molecular building blocks. Here we report that Zn(II) or Fe(II) ions can be used to weave ligand strands to form a woven 3 × 3 molecular grid. We found that the process requires tetrafluoroborate anions to template the assembly of the interwoven grid by binding within the square cavities formed between the metal-coordinated criss-crossed ligands. The strand ends of the grid can subsequently be joined through within-grid alkene metathesis reactions to form a topologically trivial macrocycle (unknot), a doubly interlocked [2]catenane (Solomon link) and a knot with seven crossings in a 258-atom-long closed loop. This 74 knot topology corresponds to that of an endless knot, which is a basic motif of Celtic interlace, the smallest Chinese knot and one of the eight auspicious symbols of Buddhism and Hinduism. The weaving of molecular strands within a discrete layer by anion-template metal-ion coordination opens the way for the synthesis of other molecular knot topologies and to woven polymer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jonathan J Danon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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52
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Khalil AM, Xu C, Delmas V, Calvez G, Costuas K, Haouas M, Lescop C. Coordination-driven supramolecular syntheses of new homo- and hetero-polymetallic Cu( i) assemblies: solid-state and solution characterization. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00937k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New luminescent Cu(i) discrete assemblies D and FM and 1D coordination polymer E are reported. Deep insights of self-assembly processes based on flexible Cu(i) precursors are highlighted together with the preservation in solution of Cu(i) assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Moustafa Khalil
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Chendong Xu
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Delmas
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Guillaume Calvez
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Karine Costuas
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Mohamed Haouas
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UMR 8180 CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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53
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Chen M, Cao JN, Li S, Liu D, Wang J, Zhao H, Wang G, Wu T, Jiang Z, Wang P. Customized self-assembled molecules: rim adjustable coronal polygons with multiple-folds symmetry. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three desired discrete metallomacrocyclic wreaths with four-, five- and six-fold symmetry were successfully realized in a controlled fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia-nan Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Suqing Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Die Liu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - He Zhao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Guotao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Tun Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clean Energy and Materials, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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54
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Zhang HN, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Selective Construction of Very Large Stacking-Interaction-Induced Molecular 818 Metalla-knots and Borromean Ring Using Curved Dipyridyl Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:1119-1125. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c11925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032 P.R. China
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55
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August DP, Dryfe RAW, Haigh SJ, Kent PRC, Leigh DA, Lemonnier JF, Li Z, Muryn CA, Palmer LI, Song Y, Whitehead GFS, Young RJ. Self-assembly of a layered two-dimensional molecularly woven fabric. Nature 2020; 588:429-435. [PMID: 33328664 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fabrics-materials consisting of layers of woven fibres-are some of the most important materials in everyday life1. Previous nanoscale weaves2-16 include isotropic crystalline covalent organic frameworks12-14 that feature rigid helical strands interlaced in all three dimensions, rather than the two-dimensional17,18 layers of flexible woven strands that give conventional textiles their characteristic flexibility, thinness, anisotropic strength and porosity. A supramolecular two-dimensional kagome weave15 and a single-layer, surface-supported, interwoven two-dimensional polymer16 have also been reported. The direct, bottom-up assembly of molecular building blocks into linear organic polymer chains woven in two dimensions has been proposed on a number of occasions19-23, but has not previously been achieved. Here we demonstrate that by using an anion and metal ion template, woven molecular 'tiles' can be tessellated into a material consisting of alternating aliphatic and aromatic segmented polymer strands, interwoven within discrete layers. Connections between slowly precipitating pre-woven grids, followed by the removal of the ion template, result in a wholly organic molecular material that forms as stacks and clusters of thin sheets-each sheet up to hundreds of micrometres long and wide but only about four nanometres thick-in which warp and weft single-chain polymer strands remain associated through periodic mechanical entanglements within each sheet. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy show clusters and, occasionally, isolated individual sheets that, following demetallation, have slid apart from others with which they were stacked during the tessellation and polymerization process. The layered two-dimensional molecularly woven material has long-range order, is birefringent, is twice as stiff as the constituent linear polymer, and delaminates and tears along well-defined lines in the manner of a macroscopic textile. When incorporated into a polymer-supported membrane, it acts as a net, slowing the passage of large ions while letting smaller ions through.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P August
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert A W Dryfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Henry Royce Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- Department of Materials, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paige R C Kent
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Zheling Li
- Department of Materials, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Leoni I Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yiwei Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Robert J Young
- Department of Materials, National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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56
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Song Y, Schaufelberger F, Ashbridge Z, Pirvu L, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Leigh DA. Effects of turn-structure on folding and entanglement in artificial molecular overhand knots. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1826-1833. [PMID: 34163946 PMCID: PMC8179330 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05897a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The length and constitution of spacers linking three 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide units in a molecular strand influence the tightness of the resulting overhand (open-trefoil) knot that the strand folds into in the presence of lanthanide(iii) ions. The use of β-hairpin forming motifs as linkers enables a metal-coordinated pseudopeptide with a knotted tertiary structure to be generated. The resulting pseudopeptide knot has one of the highest backbone-to-crossing ratios (BCR)—a measure of knot tightness (a high value corresponding to looseness)—for a synthetic molecular knot to date. Preorganization in the crossing-free turn section of the knot affects aromatic stacking interactions close to the crossing region. The metal-coordinated pseudopeptide knot is compared to overhand knots with other linkers of varying tightness and turn preorganization, and the entangled architectures characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS, CD spectroscopy and, in one case, X-ray crystallography. The results show how it is possible to program specific conformational properties into different key regions of synthetic molecular knots, opening the way to systems where knotting can be systematically incorporated into peptide-like chains through design. Spacers linking 2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide units influence the tightness of the corresponding lanthanide-coordinated overhand knot. β-Hairpin forming motifs generate a metal-coordinated pseudopeptide with a knotted tertiary structure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 PR China
| | | | - Zoe Ashbridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Lucian Pirvu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | | | - David A Leigh
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 PR China .,Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL UK
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57
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58
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Chen XY, Shen D, Cai K, Jiao Y, Wu H, Song B, Zhang L, Tan Y, Wang Y, Feng Y, Stern CL, Stoddart JF. Suit[3]ane. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20152-20160. [PMID: 33180476 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suitanes are a class of mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) that consist of two components: a body with limbs protruding outward and a suit that fits appropriately around it, so that there is no easy way for the suit to be removed from the body. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a suit[3]ane, which contains a benzotrithiophene derivative (THBTT) with three protruding hexyl chains as the body and a 3-fold symmetric, extended pyridinium-based cage, namely, HexaCage6+, as the suit. Central to its realization is effective templation, provided by THBTT during cage formation, an observation that has been supported by the strong binding constant between benzotrithiophene (BTT) and the empty cage. The solid-state structure of the suit[3]ane reveals that the body is confined within the suit's cavity with its alkyl chains protruding outward through the orifices in the cage. Notably, such a seemingly unstable molecule, having three flexible alkyl chains as its only protruding limbs, does not dissociate after prolonged heating in CD3CN at 100 °C under pressure for 7 days. No evidence for guest exchange with the host was observed at this temperature in a 2:1 mixture of THBTT and HexaCage6+ in CD3CN. The results indicate that flexible protruding limbs are sufficient for a suit[3]ane to remain mechanically stable even at high temperatures in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kang Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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59
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Yang D, Greenfield JL, Ronson TK, von Krbek LKS, Yu L, Nitschke JR. LaIII and ZnII Cooperatively Template a Metal–Organic Capsule. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19856-19861. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K. Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa K. S. von Krbek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Le Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jonathan R. Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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60
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Dang LL, Feng HJ, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Self-Assembly of Molecular Figure-Eight Knots Induced by Quadruple Stacking Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18946-18954. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Dang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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