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Flow-Cytometric Method for Viability Analysis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Other Cell-Culture-Contaminant Mollicutes. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:67-77. [PMID: 33159562 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma is the smallest self-replicating bacteria, figuring as common contaminant of eukaryotic cell cultures. Production inputs and operator's manipulation seem to be the main sources of such contamination. Many analytical approaches have been applied for mycoplasma detection in cell cultures and also in biological products. However, unless they were validated, only indicator cell culture and bacteriological culture are considered as compendial methods for quality control of biological products. Nano-flow cytometry has been pointed out as an alternative technique for addressing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell viability being a substantial tool for reference material production. In this study, a viability-flow-cytometry assay was standardized for M. gallisepticum and then applied to other cell-culture-contaminant mycoplasmas. For this, M. galliseticum's growth rate was observed and different treatments were evaluated to establish low viability cultures (cell death-induced control). Distinct viability markers and their ideal concentrations (titration) were appraised. Ethanol treatment showed to be the best death-inducing control. CFDA and TOPRO markers revealed to be the best choice for detecting live and dead mycoplasma frequencies, respectively. The standardized methodology was applied to Mycoplasma arginini, M. hyorhinis, M. orale, Spiroplasma citri and Acholeplasma laidlawii. Significant statistical difference was observed in the percentage of viable cells in comparison to ethanol treatment for A. laidlawii in CFDA and in both markers for M. gallisepticum, M. hyorhinis and S. citri. In summary, we standardized a flow cytometry assay for assessing M. gallisepticum - and potentially other species - viability and ultimately applied for reference material production improving the quality control of biological products.
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Kis D, Persa E, Szatmári T, Antal L, Bóta A, Csordás IB, Hargitai R, Jezsó B, Kis E, Mihály J, Sáfrány G, Varga Z, Lumniczky K. The effect of ionising radiation on the phenotype of bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles. Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200319. [PMID: 32997527 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ionising radiation-induced alterations affecting intercellular communication in the bone marrow (BM) contribute to the development of haematological pathologies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are membrane-coated particles released by cells, have important roles in intercellular signalling in the BM. Our objective was to investigate the effects of ionising radiation on the phenotype of BM-derived EVs of total-body irradiated mice. METHODS CBA mice were irradiated with 0.1 Gy or 3 Gy X-rays. BM was isolated from the femur and tibia 24 h after irradiation. EVs were isolated from the BM supernatant. The phenotype of BM cells and EVs was analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The mean size of BM-derived EVs was below 300 nm and was not altered by ionising radiation. Their phenotype was very heterogeneous with EVs carrying either CD29 or CD44 integrins representing the major fraction. High-dose ionising radiation induced a strong rearrangement in the pool of BM-derived EVs which were markedly different from BM cell pool changes. The proportion of CD29 and CD44 integrin-harbouring EVs significantly decreased and the relative proportion of EVs with haematopoietic stem cell or lymphoid progenitor markers increased. Low-dose irradiation had limited effect on EV secretion. CONCLUSIONS Ionising radiation induced selective changes in the secretion of EVs by the different BM cell subpopulations. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The novelty of the paper consists of performing a detailed phenotyping of BM-derived EVs after in vivo irradiation of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Persa
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Szatmári
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Antal
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bóta
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Barbara Csordás
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Hargitai
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Jezsó
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judith Mihály
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences - Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center - Radiation Medicine Unit, Budapest, Hungary
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53
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DeRose P, Tian L, Elsheikh E, Urbas A, Zhang YZ, Wang L. Expanding NIST Calibration of Fluorescent Microspheres for Flow Cytometry to More Fluorescence Channels and Smaller Particles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4111. [PMID: 32947933 PMCID: PMC7560418 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other industry stakeholders have been working together to enable fluorescence intensities of flow cytometer calibration beads to be assigned quantitative equivalent reference fluorophore (ERF) values with high accuracy and precision. The ultimate goal of this effort is to accurately quantify the number of antibodies bound to individual living cells. The expansion of this effort to assign ERF values to more than 50 fluorescence channels and particles with diameters ranging from 10 μm down to 80 nm is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul DeRose
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (L.W.)
| | - Linhua Tian
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (L.W.)
| | - Elzafir Elsheikh
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (L.W.)
| | - Aaron Urbas
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Yu-Zhong Zhang
- Protein and Cell Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Eugene, OR 97402, USA;
| | - Lili Wang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (L.W.)
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54
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Lucchetti D, Battaglia A, Ricciardi-Tenore C, Colella F, Perelli L, De Maria R, Scambia G, Sgambato A, Fattorossi A. Measuring Extracellular Vesicles by Conventional Flow Cytometry: Dream or Reality? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6257. [PMID: 32872424 PMCID: PMC7503575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense research is being conducted using flow cytometers available in clinically oriented laboratories to assess extracellular vesicles (EVs) surface cargo in a variety of diseases. Using EVs of various sizes purified from the HT29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, we report on the difficulty to assess small and medium sized EVs by conventional flow cytometer that combines light side scatter off a 405 nm laser with the fluorescent signal from the EVs general labels Calcein-green and Calcein-violet, and surface markers. Small sized EVs (~70 nm) immunophenotyping failed, consistent with the scarcity of monoclonal antibody binding sites, and were therefore excluded from further investigation. Medium sized EVs (~250 nm) immunophenotyping was possible but their detection was plagued by an excess of coincident particles (swarm detection) and by a high abort rate; both factors affected the measured EVs concentration. By running samples containing equal amounts of Calcein-green and Calcein-violet stained medium sized EVs, we found that swarm detection produced false double positive events, a phenomenon that was significantly reduced, but not totally eliminated, by sample dilution. Moreover, running highly diluted samples required long periods of cytometer time. Present findings raise questions about the routine applicability of conventional flow cytometers for EV analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Lucchetti
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.R.-T.); (F.C.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Alessandra Battaglia
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudio Ricciardi-Tenore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.R.-T.); (F.C.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Filomena Colella
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.R.-T.); (F.C.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Luigi Perelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.R.-T.); (F.C.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (C.R.-T.); (F.C.); (L.P.); (R.D.M.)
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Laboratory of Cytometry and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS-CROB), Rionero in Vulture (PZ), 85028 Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Fattorossi
- Laboratory of Cytometry and Immunology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.S.); (A.F.)
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55
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Sanjaya KC, Ranzoni A, Hung J, Blaskovich MAT, Watterson D, Young PR, Cooper MA. Flow-cytometry detection of fluorescent magnetic nanoparticle clusters increases sensitivity of dengue immunoassay. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1107:85-91. [PMID: 32200905 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a flow-cytometry based method capable of detecting a range of analytes by monitoring the analyte-induced clustering of magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles with flow cytometry. Using the dengue viral antigen (NS1) as an example, antibodies were conjugated to magnetic and fluorescent nanoparticles in a sandwich immunoassay format. These nanoparticles formed clusters when NS1 was present in a sample and the cluster formation was directly proportional to the concentration of antigen. Simultaneous flow cytometry measurement of cluster size, as detected by the forward scatter channel, combined with fluorescence intensity led to a reduction in the assay background signal, resulting in improved analytical sensitivity. We were able to detect 2.5 ng mL-1 of NS1 in serum samples by quantifying the clusters, a two-log fold improvement in the assay limit of detection over total fluorescence quantification alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Sanjaya
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrea Ranzoni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacky Hung
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 306 Carmody Road, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, QLD, Australia.
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Du J, Yuan C, Wang W, Yu Z, Hao R, Zhang Y, Guan M, Li N, Yang H. Aptasensor-enabled quantitative analysis of nano-sized extracellular vesicles by flow cytometry. Analyst 2020; 145:7551-7558. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry analysis of extracellular vesicles enabled by an aptamer-based biosensor to interact with tetraspanin CD63 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Chao Yuan
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Weijie Wang
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Zitong Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Rui Hao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yi Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Guan
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
| | - Nan Li
- Center for Synthetic Biology Engineering Research
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices
- Center for Bionic Sensing and Intelligence
- Institute of Bio-medical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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