51
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Chang YF, Yang LS, Su HT, Liao SY, Niu MC, Mahesh KPO, Chen CH, Chao YC, Meng HF, Huang HL, Chao TC, Tseng MR, Luo CW, Zan HW, Horng SF. All-Solution-Processed Red and Orange-Red Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with High-Efficiencies: The Effect of Mixed-Host Emissive Layers and Thermal Annealing Treatment. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1375-1383. [PMID: 31944041 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The instability of the organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) during operation can be attributed to the existence of point defects on the organic layers. In this work, the effect of mixed-host emissive layer and the thermal annealing treatment were investigated to eliminate defects and to boost the device performance. The mixed-host system includes 4,4',4''-tri (9-carbazoyl) triphenylamine (TCTA) and 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9, 9'-spirobi[fluorene] (SPPO13). The mixed-host emissive layer with thermal annealing treatment showed low roughness and few pinholes, and the devices fabricated from this emissive layer exhibited high efficiencies, high stabilities, and long lifetimes. The red and orange-red OLEDs exhibited efficiencies of 13.9 cd/A and 24.35 cd/A, respectively. The longest half-lifetime (L0 =500 cd/m2 ) of the red and orange-red OLEDs were 158 h and 180 h, respectively. Efforts were made to solve problems in large-area coating and to reduce the number of defects on in organic layer. Large-active-area (active area=3 cm×4 cm) red phosphorescent OLEDs (PhOLEDs) devices were realized with very high current efficiency up to 9 cd/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fan Chang
- Institue of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Sheng Yang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tso Su
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Si-Yi Liao
- Institue of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chun Niu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec.4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - K P O Mahesh
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec.4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Chao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, 88, Sec.4, Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fei Meng
- Institue of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Meu-Rurng Tseng
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, 195, Sec. 4, Chung Hsing Rd., Chutung, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Zan
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Horng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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52
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Liu X, Sheng H, Zhou Y, Song Q. Palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazoles with aromatic amines as nitrogen sources. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1665-1668. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09493h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and efficient palladium-catalyzed C–H bond activation for the assembly of N-aryl carbazole is reported, in which two C–N bonds were formed under one set of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Heyun Sheng
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hubei Normal University
- Huangshi 435002
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation
- College of Materials Science & Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering at Huaqiao University
- Xiamen
- P. R. China
- Fujian University Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
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53
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An WK, Zheng SJ, Du YN, Ding SY, Li ZJ, Jiang S, Qin Y, Liu X, Wei PF, Cao ZQ, Song M, Pan Z. Thiophene-embedded conjugated microporous polymers for photocatalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“Bottom-up” embedding of thiophene derivatives into CMPs for highly efficient heterogeneous photocatalysis is reported.
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54
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Pathak SK, Xiang Y, Huang M, Huang T, Cao X, Liu H, Xie G, Yang C. Fused tetracyclic tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazine as a novel rigid electron acceptor for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15523-15529. [PMID: 35495445 PMCID: PMC9052375 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01925a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazine, a new acceptor based on a fused triazole and triazine moiety, is utilized to construct D3–A star-shaped tristriazolotriazine derivatives, named 3,7,11-tris(4-(10H-phenoxazin-10 yl)phenyl)tris([1,2,4]triazolo)[1,3,5]triazine (TTT-PXZ) and 3,7,11-tris(4-(9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)yl)phenyl)tris([1,2,4])triazolo[1,3,5]triazine (TTT-DMAC). Both TTT-PXZ and TTT-DMAC emitters feature TADF activities and AIEE properties. Consequently, solution processed OLEDs based on TTT-PXZ green emitters exhibited good performances, with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of up to 6.2%. Tris[1,2,4]triazolo[1,3,5]triazine, a new acceptor based on a fused triazole and triazine moiety, has been utilized to construct two new star-shaped TADF emitters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Kumar Pathak
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Yepeng Xiang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Manli Huang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Taian Huang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - He Liu
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
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55
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Zhou D, Zhang B, Yu Z, Liao Q, Fu H. tert-Butyl-substituted bicarbazole as a bipolar host material for efficient green and yellow PhOLEDs. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01210f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed a novel bipolar host material with a high ET and thermal stability for multi-colour PhOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhou
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenyi Yu
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing 100048
- P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- School of Science
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices
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56
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Zhao L, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L. Solution-Processible Blue Fluorescent Dendrimers with Carbazole/Diphenylamine Hybrid Dendrons for Power-Efficient Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15923-15928. [PMID: 31592462 PMCID: PMC6776967 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two blue fluorescent dendrimers named PVAC2 and PVACA have been newly synthesized and investigated, where the carbazole/diphenylamine hybrid dendron is adopted instead of oligocarbazole. Compared with the reference dendrimer PVCt3, the emission maxima of PVAC2 and PVACA are found to be red-shifted accompanied by a slight reduction of the photoluminescence quantum yield in films. Most importantly, the highest occupied molecular orbital level is elevated from -5.35 eV of PVCt3 to -5.20 eV of PVAC2 and -4.95 eV of PVACA. Because of the favored hole injection, the turn-on voltage is accordingly decreased from 3.6 to 3.2 and 2.6 V. The value of PVACA is even lower than the theoretical limit of 2.78 V. In addition, PVAC2 exhibited the best nondoped device performance, showing a nearly doubled power efficiency of 4.80 lm/W relative to PVCt3 (2.37 lm/W). The results clearly indicate that dendron engineering is also a promising strategy to develop solution-processible blue fluorescent dendrimers capable of being used for power-efficient organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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57
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Percino MJ, Cerón M, Venkatesan P, Pérez-Gutiérrez E, Santos P, Ceballos P, Castillo AE, Gordillo-Guerra P, Anandhan K, Barbosa-García O, Bernal W, Thamotharan S. A low molecular weight OLED material: 2-(4-((2-hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)benzylidene)malononitrile. Synthesis, crystal structure, thin film morphology, spectroscopic characterization and DFT calculations. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28704-28717. [PMID: 35529660 PMCID: PMC9071261 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05425a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
2-(4-((2-Hydroxyethyl)(methyl)amino)benzylidene)malononitrile (HEMABM) was synthesized from 4-[hydroxymethyl(methyl)amino]benzaldehyde and propanedinitrile to obtain a low molecular weight fluorescent material with an efficient solid-state emission and electroluminescence properties comparable to the well-known poly(2-methoxy-5(2'-ethyl)hexoxyphenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV). The HEMABM was used to prepare an organic light-emitting diode by a solution process. Despite the title compound being a small molecule, it showed optical properties and notable capacity to form a film with smooth morphology (10.81 nm) closer to that of polymer MEH-PPV (10.63 nm). The preparation of the device was by spin coating, the electrical properties such as threshold voltage were about 1.0 V for both HEMABM and MEH-PPV, and the luminance 1300 cd m-2 for HEMABM and 2600 cd m-2 for MEH-PPV. This low molecular weight compound was characterized by SCXRD, IR, NMR, and EI. Besides a quantitative analysis of the intermolecular interactions by PIXEL, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Margarita Cerón
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Perumal Venkatesan
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Enrique Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Pilar Santos
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Paulina Ceballos
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Armando E Castillo
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Paola Gordillo-Guerra
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | - Karnambaram Anandhan
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica, ICUAP, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Val 3-Ecocampus Valsequillo, Independencia O2 Sur 50, San Pedro Zacachimalpa Pue. Mexico 7296
| | | | - Wilson Bernal
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A. P. 1-948 37150 León Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613 401 India
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58
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Liu X, Yu Z, Yu M, Zhang X, Xu Y, Lv P, Chu S, Liu C, Lai WY, Huang W. Iridium(III)-Complexed Polydendrimers for Inkjet-Printing OLEDs: The Influence of Solubilizing Steric Hindrance Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26174-26184. [PMID: 31283176 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
With the great success of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermal evaporation techniques, the development of printable materials for inkjet-printing high-performance OLEDs is particularly attractive yet challenging. In this paper, a set of printable Ir(III)-complexed polydendrimers, poly[bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridine][1-ethyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III)] (PIr-D1) and poly[bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III)] (PIr-D2), were designed and synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). As a comparison, the iridium precursor complexes bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)phenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole]iridium(III) (Ir-D1) and bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-((2-ethylhexyl)oxy)-2,6-dimethylphenyl)pyridine][1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III) (Ir-D2) and the core structure bis[2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine] [1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole] iridium(III) (Ir-D0) were also synthesized and the corresponding OLEDs were fabricated. Compared with the dendritic iridium complexes Ir-D1 and Ir-D2, the resulting polydendrimers PIr-D2 and PIr-D2 showed enhanced film-forming properties, good thermal stability, and attractive ink rheological characteristics with a suitable viscosity for inkjet-printing. Promising device performance has been achieved for the resulting polydendrimers by both spin-coating and inkjet-printing, showing low driving voltages and relatively high current efficiencies and brightnesses. The results suggest that the construction of polydendritic Ir(III) complexes is an attractive design strategy for exploring efficient printable light-emitting materials for inkjet-printing high-performance OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xinwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Peng Lv
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Shuangquan Chu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Changjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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59
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Wu Y, Wu D, Zhao H, Li J, Li X, Wang Z, Wang H, Zhu F, Xu B. Synthesis and properties of hyperbranched polymers for polymer light emitting devices with sunlight-style white emission. RSC Adv 2019; 9:22176-22184. [PMID: 35519492 PMCID: PMC9066655 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03307f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of hyperbranched polymers consisting of fluorene-alt-carbazole as the branches and the three-dimensional-structured spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-dispirofluorene (SDF) as the core were designed and synthesized by one-pot Suzuki coupling polycondensation. A phosphor group with broad full width at half maximum (FWHM) bis(1-phenyl-isoquinoline)(acetylacetonato)iridium(iii) (Ir(Brpiq)2acac, 0.08 mol%) as the red-light emitting unit and bis(2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-[6-(9-carbazolyl)hexyl]-imidazole)(2-(5-(4-fluorinated phenyl)-1,3,4-triazole)pyridine)iridium(iii) ((CzhBrPI)2Ir(fpptz)) as the green-light emitting unit were introduced into the backbones to obtain sunlight-style white-light emission by adjusting the feeding ratios of (CzhBrPI)2Ir(fpptz) (0.08 to 0.32 mol%). The results indicate the synthesized polymers show high thermal stabilities and good amorphous film morphology because of the hyperbranched structures. Besides, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of polymers were reduced and the electron injection was improved because of excellent electron-transporting ability of the triazole unit in the green group. The hyperbranched structures can effectively suppress the polymers' chain distortion and aggregation, and promote the incomplete Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiency from fluorene-alt-carbazole segments to Ir complex units. As a result, the devices with hyperbranched polymer light-emitting layers realize white light emission, and the optimized device also exhibits good electroluminescent (EL) performance with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates at (0.32, 0.31), a maximum luminance of 9054 cd m-2, a maximum current efficiency of 3.59 cd A-1 and a maximum Color Rendering Index (CRI) of 91. The hyperbranched polymers based on fluorene-alt-carbazole branches and a SDF core and high-efficiency phosphor groups with broad full width at half maximum are attractive candidates for sunlight-style white polymer light-emitting device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials, and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Dongyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Haocheng Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Energy Taiyuan 030600 China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Furong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Institute of Advanced Materials, and Institute of Research and Continuing Education (Shenzhen), Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Tong Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
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60
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Chikayasu Y, Ohisa S, Takahashi T, Chiba T, Kido J. ZnO/Polyethyleneimine Ethoxylated/Lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide for Solution-Processed Electron Injection Layers in Organic Light-Emitting Devices. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2019. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.32.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Chikayasu
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University
| | - Satoru Ohisa
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University
| | | | - Takayuki Chiba
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University
| | - Junji Kido
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University
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61
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Kang YJ, Bail R, Lee CW, Chin BD. Inkjet Printing of Mixed-Host Emitting Layer for Electrophosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21784-21794. [PMID: 31132238 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the impact of the ink formulation on the properties of an inkjet-printed small molecular mixed host in a phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode (PhOLED). Host solubility, film roughness, and device efficiency improved by blending tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) with pyrido[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3- b]pyridine (3CzPFP). At a host ratio of 60:40 (TCTA/3CzPFP), the brightness increased by 33%, the efficiency roll-off at 1000 cd/m2 dropped to well below 10%, and the luminance half-lifetime (LT50) improved by 80% in comparison to the device with a single host (100% TCTA). When the optimized ink was deposited by inkjet printing, a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.9% and a current efficiency of 28.8 cd/A were achieved at 1000 cd/m2 brightness. This amounted to around 84% of the efficiency of a spin-cast reference device. The obtained results provide a blueprint for designing enhanced PhOLEDs with inkjet-printed mixed hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chil Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Dankook University , Cheonan 31116 , Korea
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62
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Liu D, Tian W, Feng Y, Zhang X, Ban X, Jiang W, Sun Y. Achieving 20% External Quantum Efficiency for Fully Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Dendrimers with Flexible Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:16737-16748. [PMID: 30986027 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b22662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Actualizing high-efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with fully wet processes is of great significance to the development of purely organic electroluminescence and the application of large-area OLED displays. Herein, new strategies are proposed to develop the TADF dendrimers with tunable colors by adjusting the way of linking branches to the core and the numbers of peripheral branches. Due to an energy gradient and efficient exciton utilization in the core-dendron system, the solution-processed OLEDs with the four dendrimers 5CzBN-O-Cz, 5CzBN-O-2Cz, 5CzBN-Cz, and 5CzBN-2Cz all give rise to low turn-on voltages and great device efficiency. Notably, 5CzBN-2Cz affords record-high fully solution-processed TADF OLEDs with external quantum efficiency of above 20%, which is significantly comparable to the efficiency of TADF OLEDs based on vacuum deposition. The work offers a guideline for designing solution-processable materials, paving the way toward practical applications of large-area fully solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Yingli Feng
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Xusheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Xinxin Ban
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Function Control Technology for Advanced Materials, School of Chemical Engineering , Huaihai Institute of Technology , Lianyungang , Jiangsu 222005 , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
| | - Yueming Sun
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Smart Carbon-Rich Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 211189 , China
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63
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Davidson-Hall T, Aziz H. The role of excitons within the hole transporting layer in quantum dot light emitting device degradation. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8310-8318. [PMID: 30982837 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09560d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the root causes of the limited stability of electroluminescent quantum dot light-emitting devices (QDLEDs). Studies using electrical measurements, continuous UV irradiation, and both steady-state and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy reveal that exciton-induced degradation of the hole transporting material (HTM) in QDLEDs plays a role in limiting their electroluminescence (EL) stability. The results indicate that there is a correlation between device EL stability and the susceptibility of the HTM to exciton-induced degradation. The presence of quenchers in the HTM layer can lead to a decrease in the luminescence quantum yield of QDs, suggesting that energy transfer between the QD and HTM films may play a role in this behavior. The results uncover a new degradation mechanism where excitons within the HTM limit the EL stability of QDLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Davidson-Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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64
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Liao SY, Su HT, Hsiao YH, Chang YF, Chang CW, Niu MC, Meng HF, Yen C, Chao YC, Chang CY, Zan HW, Horng SF. Leakage-free solution-processed organic light-emitting diode using a ternary host with single-diode emission area up to 6 × 11.5 cm 2. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10584-10598. [PMID: 35515314 PMCID: PMC9062511 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical current leakage and stability are studied for solution-processed OLEDs with areas of 4.45 mm2, 3 × 3.2 cm2, and 6 × 11.5 cm2. The emission layer of the OLED has a ternary or binary mixed host with hole-transporting molecules tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) and 9-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-bis(triphenylsilyl)-9H-carbazole (CzSi), together with the electron-transporting molecule 2,7-bis(diphenylphosphoryl)-9,9′-spirobi[fluorene] (SPPO13). The phosphorescent emitters are Ir(mppy)3 for green and bis[4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)thieno[3,2-c]pyridine][N,N′-diisopropylbenamidinato]iridium(iii) (PR-02) for orange. Poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4′-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenylamine)] (TFB) is used as the hole transport layer and PEDOT:PSS is used as the hole injection layer. On top of the emission layer, CsF/Al is deposited by thermal evaporation as the cathode. All organic layers are deposited by blade coating and the initial current leaking defects can be avoided by careful control of the coating conditions. The detrimental burning point caused by a local current short developed after long-time operation can be avoided by reducing the operation voltage using a ternary mixed host. The operation voltage is only 4 V at 100 cd m−2 and 5 V at 250 cd m−2 for the green emitting device. Furthermore, the crystallization defect is reduced by the ternary host. For the orange emitting device, the binary host is good enough with an operating voltage of 5 V at 100 cd m−2. For an area as large as 6 × 11.5 cm2, the OLED shows good stability and there is no burning point after an operation of over 1600 hours. OLEDs with an emission layer consisting of ternary mixed host materials are prepared with operation of over 1600 hours.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yi Liao
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tso Su
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hung Hsiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Wen Chang
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chun Niu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fei Meng
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chun Yen
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Chao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wen Zan
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Horng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
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65
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Comparative Study of Printed Multilayer OLED Fabrication through Slot Die Coating, Gravure and Inkjet Printing, and Their Combination. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids3010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multilayer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) consisting of three solution-processed layers are fabricated using slot die coating, gravure printing, and inkjet printing, techniques that are commonly used in the industry. Different technique combinations are investigated to successively deposit a hole injection layer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)), a cross-linkable hole transport layer (N,N′-bis(4-(6-((3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methoxy)-hexyloxy)phenyl)-N,N′-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)biphenyl-4,4′-diamin (QUPD)), and a green emissive layer (TSG-M) on top of each other. In order to compare the application techniques, the ink formulations have to be adapted to the respective process requirements. First, the influence of the application technique on the layer homogeneity of the different materials is investigated. Large area thickness measurements of the layers based on imaging color reflectometry (ICR) are used to compare the application techniques regarding the layer homogeneity and reproducible film thickness. The total stack thickness of all solution-processed layers of 32 OLEDs could be reproduced homogeneously in a process window of 30 nm for the technique combination of slot die coating and inkjet printing. The best efficiency of 13.3 cd A−1 is reached for a process combination of slot die coating and gravure printing. In order to enable a statistically significant evaluation, in total, 96 OLEDs were analyzed and the corresponding 288 layers were measured successively to determine the influence of layer homogeneity on device performance.
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66
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Pérez-Gutiérrez E, Cerón M, Santos P, Ceballos P, Venkatesan P, Thamotharan S, Bernal-Pinilla W, Barbosa-García O, Percino MJ. Film morphology of acrylonitrile materials deposited by a solution process and vacuum evaporation. Supramolecular interactions, optoelectronic properties and an approximation by computational calculations. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
α,β-Unsaturated acrylonitrile compounds with a pyridine scaffold are fluorescent materials with efficient solid-state emission and electroluminescence properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
| | - Margarita Cerón
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
| | - Pilar Santos
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
| | - Paulina Ceballos
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
| | - Perumal Venkatesan
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
| | - Subbiah Thamotharan
- Biomolecular Crystallography Laboratory
- Department of Bioinformatics
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- SASTRA Deemed University
- Thanjavur 613 401
| | - Wilson Bernal-Pinilla
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948
- 37150 León Guanajuato
- Mexico
| | - Oracio Barbosa-García
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM)
- Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica A.P. 1-948
- 37150 León Guanajuato
- Mexico
| | - M. Judith Percino
- Unidad de Polímeros y Electrónica Orgánica
- Instituto de Ciencias
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Val3-Ecocampus Valsequillo
- C.P. 72960, Pue
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67
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Tonge CM, Yuan F, Lu ZH, Hudson ZM. Cu(0)-RDRP as an efficient and low-cost synthetic route to blue-emissive polymers for OLEDs. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cu(0)-RDRP has been used to prepare deep-blue emissive polymers for OLEDs using a simple room-temperature procedure with copper wire catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Tonge
- Department of Chemistry
- 2026 Main Mall
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Fanglong Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- 184 College Street
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada MS5 3E4
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- 184 College Street
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada MS5 3E4
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry
- 2026 Main Mall
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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68
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Kapf A, Eslahi H, Blanke M, Saccone M, Giese M, Albrecht M. Alkyloxy modified pyrene fluorophores with tunable photophysical and crystalline properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00652d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkyloxy modified 4,5,9,10-tetrasubstituted pyrenes display tunable photophysical and crystalline properties depending on the alkyl chains attached at the polyaromatic core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kapf
- Institute of Organic Macromolecular Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
| | - Hassan Eslahi
- Institute of Organic Macromolecular Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Meik Blanke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Marco Saccone
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Michael Giese
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Marcel Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Macromolecular Chemistry
- Saarland University
- 66123 Saarbrücken
- Germany
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69
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Kozlov MI, Aslandukov AN, Vashchenko AA, Medvedko AV, Aleksandrov AE, Grzibovskis R, Goloveshkin AS, Lepnev LS, Tameev AR, Vembris A, Utochnikova VV. On the development of a new approach to the design of lanthanide-based materials for solution-processed OLEDs. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17298-17309. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03823j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The targeted design of lanthanide-based emitters for solution-processed OLEDs was aimed at the combination of high luminescence efficiency with solubility and charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alexey E. Aleksandrov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- bld. 4, Moscow
- Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexey R. Tameev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry
- bld. 4, Moscow
- Russia
| | - Aivars Vembris
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia
- Riga
- Latvia
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70
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Joseph V, Thomas KRJ, Sahoo S, Singh M, Dubey DK, Jou JH. Vinyl-Linked Cyanocarbazole-Based Emitters: Effect of Conjugation and Terminal Chromophores on the Photophysical and Electroluminescent Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16477-16488. [PMID: 31458283 PMCID: PMC6644140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of carbazole-based dyes functionalized with different auxochromes via vinyl linker have been synthesized and characterized. A progressive shift in the absorption maximum is observed as the conjugation and electron-donating nature of chromophore increases. Dyes containing electron-releasing terminal groups such as triphenylamine and carbazole exhibited positive emission solvatochromism attributable to an induced intramolecular charge transfer from triphenylamine/carbazole donor to cyano acceptor. The superior electroluminescence performance of disubstituted dyes demonstrates the role of an additional cyanocarbazole in achieving balanced charge transport compared to monosubstituted analogues. In addition, the electroluminescence performance of the dyes exhibited trends attributable to the electron richness of the linker/terminal chromophore. Thus, the carbazole-based derivatives displayed better electroluminescence efficiency than the analogous fluorene derivatives. Similarly, 2,7-substituted carbazole derivative exhibited better performance than the 3,6-substituted carbazole derivative. A doped electroluminescent device containing 3 wt % tricarbazole derivative showed blue emission with a high external quantum efficiency of 5.3% at a practical brightness of 1000 cd/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic
Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Snehasis Sahoo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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71
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Zhang B, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Conjugated TADF Polymer Featuring in Backbone‐Donor/Pendant‐Acceptor Structure: Material and Device Perspectives. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1624-1643. [PMID: 30511821 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhang
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science, c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 P. R. China
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72
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Lee S, Seo MH. Low-Temperature Cross-Linkable Small Molecules for Fully Solution-Processed OLEDs. Chemistry 2018; 24:17419-17423. [PMID: 30221405 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linkable hole-transporting, host, and electron-transporting materials with a new cross-linking group, uracil, are designed and synthesized. These compounds exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents and excellent solvent resistance after cross-linking at a low temperature of 120 °C. The OLED was fabricated by all-solution processing using cross-linkable synthetic compounds, except for the electrodes. This device exhibited a current efficiency of 39.2 cd A-1 and a power efficiency of 15.3 lm W-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkoo Lee
- IT Convergence Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Choongnam-do, 31056, Korea
| | - Min Hye Seo
- IT Convergence Materials Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Choongnam-do, 31056, Korea
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73
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Colella M, Pander P, Pereira DDS, Monkman AP. Interfacial TADF Exciplex as a Tool to Localize Excitons, Improve Efficiency, and Increase OLED Lifetime. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40001-40007. [PMID: 30381946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employ a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) exciplex formed between the emissive layer (EML) host, 26DCzPPy, and the electron transport layer (ETL) 2,4,6-tris[3-(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine at the interface between the EML and the ETL to improve the stability and efficiency of a phosphorescence organic light-emitting diode based on Ir(dmpq)2acac. We show that the presence of the TADF exciplex at the EML-ETL interface induces an efficient localization of the recombination zone, which is confined within the 5 nm thick EML. Furthermore, the TADF exciplex allows harvesting of the holes and electrons that piled up at the EML-ETL interface and transfers the resultant excited state energy to the phosphorescent emitter through Förster and/or Dexter energy transfer. This approach effectively improves the LT90 of devices from <1 min to 6 h by limiting recombination processes outside of the 5 nm EML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colella
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Pander
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Daniel de Sa Pereira
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Physics Department , Durham University , South Road , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
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74
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Konidena RK, Lee JY. Molecular Design Tactics for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diodes. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1499-1517. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon Gyeonggi Korea
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75
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Ma D, Duan L. Recent Progress in Sublimable Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1483-1498. [PMID: 30277647 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sublimable cationic iridium(III) complexes consisting of light-emitting coordinated iridium(III) cations and nonluminous negative counter-ions, show excellent photophysical properties, superior electrochemical behaviors and high thermal stabilities, therefore have emerged as a new library of phosphorescent materials for various organic optoelectronic devices. Here we summarize and highlight the recent progress in sublimable cationic iridium(III) complexes, regarding the material design strategies, synthetic routes, photoluminescent characteristics in both solutions and neat films, together with the current utilization in organic light-emitting diodes based on the emissive material layers fabricated by vacuum evaporation deposition. Finally, we present a brief outlook thereon, indicating the great promise and brilliant application prospect of sublimable cationic iridium(III) complexes in future flat-panel display and solid-state lighting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxin Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronic & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronic & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronic & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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76
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Elmasly SET, Guerrini L, Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Findlay NJ, Faulds K, Skabara PJ. Synergistic electrodeposition of bilayer films and analysis by Raman spectroscopy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2186-2189. [PMID: 30202470 PMCID: PMC6122304 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel methodology towards fabrication of multilayer organic devices, employing electrochemical polymer growth to form PEDOT and PEDTT layers, is successfully demonstrated. Moreover, careful control of the electrochemical conditions allows the degree of doping to be effectively altered for one of the polymer layers. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation and doped states of the PEDOT/PEDTT bilayer. The electrochemical deposition of a bilayer containing a de-doped PEDTT layer on top of doped PEDOT is analogous to a solution-processed organic semiconductor layer deposited on top of a PEDOT:PSS layer without the acidic PSS polymer. However, the poor solubility of electrochemically deposited PEDTT (or other electropolymerised potential candidates) raises the possibility of depositing a subsequent layer via solution-processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadeldin E T Elmasly
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,Current address: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science (Tobruk), Omar Al-Mukhtar University, 919 El-Beida, Libya
| | - Luca Guerrini
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.,Current address: Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.,Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, 02160 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Neil J Findlay
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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77
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Sohn S, Park KH, Kwon SK, Lee HK, Ahn H, Jung S, Kim YH. Preferential Orientation of Tetrahedral Silicon-Based Hosts in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9989-9996. [PMID: 31459127 PMCID: PMC6644814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum-processed diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-2-yl)phenyl)silane (2PTPS), diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-3-yl)phenyl)silane (3PTPS), and diphenylbis(3-(pyridine-4-yl)phenyl)silane (4PTPS) have been used as electron-transporting host materials combined with tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine (TCTA) as the hole-transporting host, which induce balanced charge carrier transport for high-efficiency phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. The 4PTPS-based organic light-emitting diodes with tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C 2,N]iridium(III) [Ir(ppy)3] dopant showed highest current efficiency and external quantum efficiency of 53.54 cd/A and 15.61%, compared to 2PTPS (40.75 cd/A, 11.84%) and 3PTPS (29.35 cd/A, 8.54%). These results were attributed to the well-aligned structure with preferential horizontal orientation of the emitting material layer by the diffraction intensity distribution as a function of azimuthal angle in two-dimensional grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecular orientation of TCTA:4PTPS material with a narrow azimuthal intensity distribution had better priority to the horizontal direction than the other TCTA:2PTPS and TCTA:3PTPS materials, which is related to the charge transport as well as the device efficiency. We found that the preferential horizontal orientation of the co-host material with a balanced charge carrier was not affected by Ir(ppy)3 dopant with a homoleptic structure and bis-[2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2](picolinato)iridium [Firpic] dopant with a heteroleptic structure in the co-host/dopant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Sohn
- Department
of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hun Park
- Department of Materials Engineering
and Convergence Technology and
ERI and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence
Technology, Gyeonsang National University
(GNU), Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Ki Kwon
- Department of Materials Engineering
and Convergence Technology and
ERI and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence
Technology, Gyeonsang National University
(GNU), Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Koo Lee
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang
Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department
of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Materials Engineering
and Convergence Technology and
ERI and Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence
Technology, Gyeonsang National University
(GNU), Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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78
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Miyane S, Wen HF, Chen WC, Higashihara T. Synthesis of block copolymers comprised of poly(3-hexylthiophene) segment with trisiloxane side chains and their application to organic thin film transistor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Miyane
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science; Yamagata University, 4-3-16; Jonan Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
| | - Han-Fang Wen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology, Da'an District; Taipei City 106 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science; Yamagata University, 4-3-16; Jonan Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510 Japan
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79
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El-Khouly ME, El-Refaey A, Shaban SY, El-Hendawy MM. Intramolecular electron transfer of light harvesting perylene-pyrene supramolecular conjugate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1098-1107. [PMID: 29993078 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic interactions between the cationic N,N'-bis(2(trimethylammonium iodide) ethylene)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (TAIPDI) with two electron donors, namely, pyrene (Py) and 1-pyrenesulfonic acid sodium salt (PySA), have been investigated. The spectroscopic studies showed the formation of the supramolecular conjugate between TAIPDI and PySA via ionic interaction, but not with Py. Density functional theory (DFT) combined with a natural energy decomposition analysis (NEDA) technique showed an S-like structure of the supramolecular conjugate TAIPDI-PySA via an ionic interaction. The formation constant of the TAIPDI-PySA supramolecular conjugate was determined to be 3.0 × 104 M-1, suggesting a fairly stable complex formation. The excited state events were monitored by both steady state and time-resolved emission techniques. Upon excitation, the quenching pathways via the singlet-excited states of TAIPDI and PySA involved the intramolecular electron transfer from the electron donating PySA to the electron accepting TAIPDI with a rate constant of 1.10 × 1011 s-1 and a quantum yield of 0.99. The thermodynamic parameters of the supramolecular TAIPDI-PySA conjugate have been determined using the stopped-flow technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E El-Khouly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kaf El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
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80
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Konidena RK, Thomas KRJ, Pathak A, Dubey DK, Sahoo S, Jou JH. Tuning the Photophysical and Electroluminescence Properties in Asymmetrically Tetrasubstituted Bipolar Carbazoles by Functional Group Disposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24013-24027. [PMID: 29931980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbazoles decorated with both donor and acceptor fragments offer a classical way to optimize bipolar functional properties. In this work, a series of carbazoles featuring triphenylamine donors and cyano acceptors are synthesized and their structure-property relationship is studied. The effects of connectivity and the chromophore number density on photophysical and electroluminescence properties are investigated. The position of the triphenylamine donor on the 3,6-dicyanocarbazole nucleus significantly affected the photophysical and electroluminescence properties. The dye possessing triphenylamine on C2 and C7 displayed a red shift in absorption when compared with the structural analogue with triphenylamine tethered to C1 and C8. The emission wavelength of the dyes are tunable from blue to green, by altering the position of triphenylamine and cyano substituents. All of the dyes exhibited positive solvatochromism in emission, attributable to the photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer from the triphenylamine donor to the cyano acceptor. However, the extent of charge transfer and hybridization of local and charge-transfer-excited states is highly dependent on the position of triphenylamine and cyano groups on the carbazole nucleus. Dyes containing cyano substituents at C2 and C7 showed a prolonged excited state lifetime, broad emission, and large Stokes shifts, indicating the presence of a higher charge transfer component in the excited state. The dyes displayed exceptional thermal stability with the onset decomposition temperature (10% weight loss) > 350 °C. Electrochemical measurements revealed low oxidation potential for dyes containing triphenylamine at C3 and/or C6. Addition of a cyano acceptor on carbazole led to the stabilization of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Furthermore, the materials were tested as emitting dopants in solution-processable multilayer organic light emitting diodes and found to display deep-blue/sky-blue electroluminescence with external quantum efficiency as high as 6.5% for a deep-blue emitter (CIE y ∼ 0.06).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumar Konidena
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - K R Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - Ambika Pathak
- Organic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee 247 667 , India
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Snehasis Sahoo
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Material Science and Engineering , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
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81
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Joseph V, Justin Thomas KR, Yang WY, Kumar Yadav RA, Kumar Dubey D, Jou JH. Tetra-substituted Dipolar Carbazoles: Tuning Optical and Electroluminescence Properties by Linkage Variation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vellaichamy Joseph
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - K. R. Justin Thomas
- Organic Materials Laboratory; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee; Roorkee 247 667 India
| | - Wan Yun Yang
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Rohit Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Deepak Kumar Dubey
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Huei Jou
- Department of Materials science and engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan
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82
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Cho YJ, Aziz H. Root Causes of the Limited Electroluminescence Stability of Organic Light-Emitting Devices Made by Solution-Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18113-18122. [PMID: 29733188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although organic electroluminescent materials have long promised the prospect of making organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) via low-cost solution-coating techniques, the electroluminescence stability of devices made by such techniques continues to be rather limited making them unsuitable for commercialization. The root causes of the lower stability of OLEDs made by solution-coating versus the more conventional vacuum-deposition remain unknown. In this work, we investigate and compare between solution-coated and vacuum-deposited materials under prolonged excitation, using the archetypical host material 4,4'-bis( N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl as a model OLED material. Results show that solution-coated films are more susceptible to degradation by excitons in comparison to their vacuum-deposited counterparts, resulting in a faster decrease in their luminescent quantum yield. The degradation rate also depends on the choice of solvent that was used in the solution-coating process. Results also show that the decrease in quantum yield is caused by exciton-induced chemical decomposition in the material as well as some possible molecular reorganization or aggregation, both of which are induced by excitons and proceed more quickly in case of solution-coated films. The faster degradation in the solution-coated films appears to originate primarily from their different morphological makeup and not due to chemical impurities. The findings uncover what appears to be one of the fundamental root causes of the lower stability of solution-coated OLEDs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Cho
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2G 3G1 , Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) , University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West , Waterloo , Ontario N2G 3G1 , Canada
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83
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Park SY, Choi S, Park GE, Kim HJ, Lee C, Moon JS, Kim SW, Park S, Kwon JH, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Unconventional Three-Armed Luminogens Exhibiting Both Aggregation-Induced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Resulting in High-Performing Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:14966-14977. [PMID: 29630336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three-armed luminogens IAcTr-out and IAcTr-in were synthesized and used as emitters bearing triazine and indenoacridine moieties in thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). These molecules could form a uniform thin film via the solution process and also allowed the subsequent deposition of an electron transporting layer either by vacuum deposition or by an all-solution coating method. Intriguingly, the new luminogens displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE), which is a unique photophysical phenomenon. As a nondoped emitting layer (EML), IAcTr-in showed external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 11.8% for the hybrid-solution processed OLED and 10.9% for the all-solution processed OLED with a low efficiency roll-off. This was evident by the higher photoluminescence quantum yield and higher rate constant of reverse intersystem crossing of IAcTr-in, as compared to IAcTr-out. These AIE luminogens were used as dopants and mixed with the well-known host material 1,3-bis( N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) to produce a high-efficiency OLED with a two-component EML. The maximum EQE of 17.5% was obtained when using EML with IAcTr-out doping (25 wt %) into mCP, and the OLED with EML bearing IAcTr-in and mCP showed a higher maximum EQE of 18.4% as in the case of the nondoped EML-based device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Suna Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Gi Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
- Photo-electronic Hybrids Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Chiho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Ji Su Moon
- Department of Information Display , Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Si Woo Kim
- Department of Information Display , Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Jang Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Information Display , Kyung Hee University , 26, Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , 5 Anam-dong , Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-701 , Korea
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84
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Thurakkal S, Soman A, Unni KN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Simple solution processable carbazole-oxadiazole hybrids for un-doped deep-blue OLEDs. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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85
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Grabka D, Kolbus A, Danel A, Kucharek M, Szary K. Stationary and time-resolved spectra analysis of pyrazoloquinoline derivatives with pyridyl moiety. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 193:492-498. [PMID: 29291578 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two derivatives of pyrazoloquinoline with pyridyl moiety: 6-N,N-dimethyl-3-phenyl-1-(2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (DMA-1PPhPQ) and 6-N,N-dimethyl-1,3-(di-2-pyridyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (DMA-1,3PPQ) were synthesized with commercial substrates. The theoretical characterization of both compounds was done. Geometry optimizations give not flat structure with the first absorption band at the wavelength about 390nm for both compounds. Several electro-optical parameters were also calculated. The optical properties of DMA-1PPHPQ and DMA-1,3PPQ were investigated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and stationary as well as time-resolved fluorescence. The fluorescence maximum and fluorescence quantum yield are strongly dependent on solvent polarity function. Results indicate CT fluorescence for both compounds. Because of high emission the investigated pyrazoloquinoline derivatives can be potential candidates for fabrications of electroluminescent devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Grabka
- Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Anna Kolbus
- Institute of Chemistry, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Danel
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka St. 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kucharek
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka St. 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karol Szary
- Institute of Physics, The Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15G, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
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86
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Miluski P, Kochanowicz M, Zmojda J, Dorosz D. 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene doped PMMA fibre for blue range fluorescent applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:88-92. [PMID: 29126013 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescent dyes allow new optical applications in polymer-based optical fibre technology. The article presents highly fluorescent 1,4-Bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene doped poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibre. The multi-peak (422, 450, 488nm) fluorescence spectrum of the bulk specimen under 355nm excitation is presented. The polymerization and fibre drawing process is also shown. The fluorescent properties vs. fibre length at excitation 405nm are investigated. Significant spectrum shape changes and red shift phenomena of individual peaks are presented using one end excitation and fibre cutting method measurements for fibre length 2-90cm. Obtained attenuation level 0.69dB/m limits useful fibre length but obtained results can be useful in new polymeric fibers applications (e.g. sensors, light sources).
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Miluski
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Kochanowicz
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Zmojda
- Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominik Dorosz
- AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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87
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Zeng X, Luo J, Zhou T, Chen T, Zhou X, Wu K, Zou Y, Xie G, Gong S, Yang C. Using Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene To Construct Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Polymers: High-Efficiency Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianheng Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kailong Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Xie
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
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88
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Jeon SK, Park HJ, Lee JY. Highly Efficient Soluble Blue Delayed Fluorescent and Hyperfluorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes by Host Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5700-5705. [PMID: 29338169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed high-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an external quantum efficiency over 18% were developed by engineering a host material and device structure designed for solution process. A high triplet energy host material designed for the solution process, (oxybis(3-(tert-butyl)-6,1-phenylene))bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (DPOBBPE), worked efficiently as the host of blue fluorescent devices because of good solubility, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and good film properties. The DPOBBPE host enabled a high external quantum efficiency of 18.8% in the fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes by the solution process. Moreover, 25.8% external quantum efficiency in the soluble blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent devices was also realized. The 25.8% external quantum efficiency of the DPOBBPE delayed fluorescent device and 18.8% external quantum efficiency of the fluorescent device are the highest efficiency values achieved in the solution-processed blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes. Moreover, the solution-processed fluorescent device showed an improved blue color coordinate of (0.14, 0.20) compared to (0.17, 0.31) of the delayed fluorescent device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Korea
| | - Hee-Jun Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Korea
| | - Jun Yeob Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University , 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 440-746, Korea
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89
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Wada Y, Kubo S, Kaji H. Adamantyl Substitution Strategy for Realizing Solution-Processable Thermally Stable Deep-Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705641. [PMID: 29315888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient solution-processable emitters, especially deep-blue emitters, are greatly desired to develop low-cost and low-energy-consumption organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). A recently developed class of potentially metal-free emitters, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, are promising candidates, but solution-processable TADF materials with efficient blue emissions are not well investigated. In this study, first the requirements for the design of efficient deep-blue TADF materials are clarified, on the basis of which, adamantyl-substituted TADF molecules are developed. The substitution not only endows high solubility and excellent thermal stability but also has a critical impact on the molecular orbitals, by pushing up the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy and triplet energy of the molecules. In the application to OLEDs, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.1% with blue emission having Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.15, 0.19) is realized. A much deeper blue emission with CIE (0.15, 0.13) is also achieved, with an EQE of 11.2%. These efficiencies are the best yet among solution-processed TADF OLEDs of CIE y < 0.20 and y < 0.15, as far as known. This work demonstrates the validity of adamantyl substitution and paves a pathway for straightforward realization of solution-processable efficient deep-blue TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Wada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shosei Kubo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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90
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Lozano-Hernández LA, Maldonado JL, Garcias-Morales C, Espinosa Roa A, Barbosa-García O, Rodríguez M, Pérez-Gutiérrez E. Efficient OLEDs Fabricated by Solution Process Based on Carbazole and Thienopyrrolediones Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E280. [PMID: 29385678 PMCID: PMC6017460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four low molecular weight compounds-three of them new, two of them with carbazole (Cz) as functional group and the other two with thienopyrroledione (TPD) group-were used as emitting materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Devices were fabricated with the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/emitting material/LiF/Al. The hole injector layer (HIL) and the emitting sheet were deposited by spin coating; LiF and Al were thermally evaporated. OLEDs based on carbazole derivatives show luminances up to 4130 cd/m², large current efficiencies about 20 cd/A and, cautiously, a very impressive External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) up to 9.5%, with electroluminescence peaks located around 490 nm (greenish blue region). Whereas, devices manufactured with TPD derivatives, present luminance up to 1729 cd/m², current efficiencies about 4.5 cd/A and EQE of 1.5%. These results are very competitive regarding previous reported materials/devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Abraham Lozano-Hernández
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - José-Luis Maldonado
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Cesar Garcias-Morales
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico.
| | - Arian Espinosa Roa
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Oracio Barbosa-García
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Pérez-Gutiérrez
- CONACYT-Laboratorio de Polímeros, Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Complejo de Ciencias, ICUAP, 72570 Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
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91
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Piosik E, Synak A, Martyński T. Influence of chlorine atoms in bay positions of perylene-tetracarboxylic acids on their spectral properties in Langmuir-Blodgett films. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 189:374-380. [PMID: 28830041 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of chlorine atoms in the bay positions of the perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acids with the different alkyl chains length on their spectral properties in monomolecular films has been studied. The chlorinated (PCln) and for comparison non-chlorinated (Pn) perylene derivatives were deposited onto quartz plates using a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. The absorption spectra showed that the PCln and Pn dyes form in monolayers the I- and J-type aggregates, respectively. In turn, their steady-state and time-resolved emission spectra revealed presence of two emitter types, which we assigned to monomers and excimers. The luminescence lifetimes of the PCln monomers and excimers determined with a time-correlated single photon counting method (TCSPC) are significantly shorter than these obtained for the same emitter types in the Pn monolayers. In the case of the chlorinated dyes, the contribution of the monomer emission dominates over the excimer emission and is almost independent from the alkyl chain length. By contrast, the share of the Pn monomer emission increases strongly with a number of carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains. The luminescence quantum yields (LQY) of the Pn and PCln monolayers measured in an integrating sphere are in the range of 0.06-0.11. The presented results reveal that the PCln dyes exhibit lower tendency for aggregation than the non-chlorinated derivatives. It can be explained by limited intermolecular interaction between neighbouring PCln molecules caused by deformation of the perylene core as a result of strongly electronegative chlorine atoms in the bay positions of these dyes. Moreover, the strong influence of the alkyl chain length on the Pn aggregation contrary to the case of the PCln derivatives was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Piosik
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Anna Synak
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, Gdańsk 80-952, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Martyński
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznań, Poland.
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92
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Feng S, Ma D, Qiu Y, Duan L. Deep insights into the viscosity of small molecular solutions for organic light-emitting diodes. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12780d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The viscosities of small molecular solutions and the surface morphologies of the corresponding thin films are investigated, toward high-performance devices (length–width ratio = 2 : 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Feng
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxin Ma
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- P. R. China
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93
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Okamura N, Egawa K, Maeda T, Yagi S. Control of excimer phosphorescence by steric effects in cyclometalated platinum(ii) diketonate complexes bearing peripheral carbazole moieties towards application in non-doped white OLEDs. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-doped multilayer OLEDs employing bulky platinum(ii) complexes exhibited white electroluminescence due to the combination of blue monomer and orange excimer emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Okamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Kazuaki Egawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Osaka Prefecture University
- Sakai
- Japan
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94
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Thurakkal S, Sanju KS, Soman A, Unni KNN, Joseph J, Ramaiah D. Design and synthesis of solution processable green fluorescent D–π–A dyads for OLED applications. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04386d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesized solution processable green fluorescent donor–acceptor dyads and their investigated photophysical, electrochemical, and morphological properties for OLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shameel Thurakkal
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Krishnankutty S. Sanju
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Anjaly Soman
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. N. Narayanan Unni
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Joshy Joseph
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - Danaboyina Ramaiah
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
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95
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Aslandukov AN, Utochnikova VV, Goriachiy DO, Vashchenko AA, Tsymbarenko DM, Hoffmann M, Pietraszkiewicz M, Kuzmina NP. The development of a new approach toward lanthanide-based OLED fabrication: new host materials for Tb-based emitters. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16350-16357. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02911c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of electron-transport triphenylphosphine oxide derivatives as host materials, which are able to sensitize terbium luminescence, resulted in successful use of Tb-based emitters in OLED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Hoffmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics
- Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP
- 01109 Dresden
- Germany
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96
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Cho YJ, Taylor S, Aziz H. Increased Electromer Formation and Charge Trapping in Solution-Processed versus Vacuum-Deposited Small Molecule Host Materials of Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40564-40572. [PMID: 29094922 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate and compare between organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) fabricated by solution-coating versus vacuum-deposition. Electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and chromatographic measurements on typical OLED host materials reveal significant electromer formation in layers fabricated by solution-processing, pointing to stronger intermolecular interactions in these systems. Delayed electroluminescence measurements reveal that solution-processed layers also have increased charge traps. The findings provide insights on the morphological differences between solution-processed and vacuum-deposited materials and shed light on the root causes behind the lower electroluminescence stability of solution-processed OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joo Cho
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) and †Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 3G1, Canada
| | - Scott Taylor
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) and †Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 3G1, Canada
| | - Hany Aziz
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN) and †Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2G 3G1, Canada
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97
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Ghate M, Dahule HK, Thejo Kalyani N, Dhoble SJ. Synthesis and characterization of high quantum yield and oscillator strength 6-chloro-2-(4-cynophenyl)-4-phenyl quinoline (cl-CN-DPQ) organic phosphor for solid-state lighting. LUMINESCENCE 2017; 33:297-304. [PMID: 29044939 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel blue luminescent 6-chloro-2-(4-cynophenyl) substituted diphenyl quinoline (Cl-CN DPQ) organic phosphor has been synthesized by the acid-catalyzed Friedlander reaction and then characterized to confirm structural, optical and thermal properties. Structural properties of Cl-CN-DPQ were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of different functional groups and bond stretching. 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR confirmed the formation of an organic Cl-CN-DPQ compound. X-ray diffraction study provided its crystalline nature. The surface morphology of Cl-CN-DPQ was analyzed by SEM, while EDAX spectroscopy revealed the elemental analysis. Differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) disclosed its thermal stability up to 250°C. The optical properties of Cl-CN-DPQ were investigated by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. Cl-CN-DPQ exhibits intense blue emission at 434 nm in a solid-state crystalline powder with CIE co-ordinates (0.157, 0.027), when excited at 373 nm. Cl-CN-DPQ shows remarkable Stokes shift in the range 14800-5100 cm-1 , which is the characteristic feature of intense light emission. A narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) value of PL spectra in the range 42-48 nm was observed. Oscillator strength, energy band gap, quantum yield, and fluorescence energy yield were also examined using UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. These results prove its applications towards developing organic luminescence devices and displays, organic phosphor-based solar cells and displays, organic lasers, chemical sensors and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Ghate
- Department of Physics Shivaji Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur, India
| | - H K Dahule
- Department of Physics Shivaji Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur, India
| | - N Thejo Kalyani
- Department of Applied Physics, Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India
| | - S J Dhoble
- Department of Physics, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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98
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Garcias-Morales C, Romero-Borja D, Maldonado JL, Roa AE, Rodríguez M, García-Merinos JP, Ariza-Castolo A. Small Molecules Derived from Thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD) and Their Use in Solution Processed Organic Solar Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:E1607. [PMID: 28974003 PMCID: PMC6151745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, microwave synthesis, chemical, optical and electrochemical characterization of three small organic molecules, TPA-TPD, TPA-PT-TPD and TPA-TT-TPD with donor-acceptor structure and their use in organic photovoltaic cells are reported. For the synthesis, 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione was used as electron withdrawing fragment while the triphenylamine was used as electron donating fragment. Molecular electronic geometry and electronic distribution density were established by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and confirmed by optical and chemical characterization. These molecules were employed as electron-donors in the active layer for manufacturing bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, where [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) was used as electron-acceptor. As cathode, Field's metal (FM), an eutectic alloy (Bi/In/Sn: 32.5%, 51%, and 16.5%, respectively) with a melting point above 62 °C, was easily deposited by drop casting under vacuum-free process and at air atmosphere. Prepared devices based on TPA-TPD:PC71BM (1:4 w/w ratio) presented a large VOC = 0.97 V, with JSC = 7.9 mA/cm², a FF = 0.34, then, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Garcias-Morales
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Romero-Borja
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - José-Luis Maldonado
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Arián E Roa
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Mario Rodríguez
- Research Group of Optical Properties of Materials (GPOM), Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, A.P. 1-948, 37000 León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - J Pablo García-Merinos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo Edificio B-1. Ciudad Universitaria, 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508 Colonia San Pedro Zacatenco, 07360 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
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99
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Komino T, Kuwae H, Okada A, Fu W, Mizuno J, Ribierre JC, Oki Y, Adachi C. In-Plane Anisotropic Molecular Orientation of Pentafluorene and Its Application to Linearly Polarized Electroluminescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:27054-27061. [PMID: 28771326 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By preparing parallelly aligned 1.9-μm-high SiO2 microfluidic channels on an indium tin oxide substrate surface, the solution flow direction during spin-coating was controlled to be parallel to the grating. Using this technique, a pentafluorene-4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP) binary solution in chloroform was spin-coated to embed a 40-50 nm-thick 10 wt %-pentafluorene:CBP thin film in the channels. In-plane polarized photoluminescence measurements revealed that the pentafluorene molecules tended to orient along the grating, demonstrating that one-dimensional fluid flow can control the in-plane molecular orientation. Furthermore, the dependences of the photoluminescence anisotropy on the spin speed and substrate material suggest that the velocity of the solution flow and/or its gradient in the vertical direction greatly affects the resulting orientation. This indicates that the mechanism behind the molecular orientation is related to stress such as the shear force. The effect of the solution flow on the molecular orientation was demonstrated even in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Linearly polarized electroluminescence was obtained by applying the in-plane orientation to OLEDs, and it was found that the dichroic ratio of the electroluminescence orthogonal (x) and parallel (y) to the grating is x/y = 0.75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komino
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular System for Devices, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwae
- ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Okada
- Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Weixin Fu
- Nano-Science and Nano-Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Mizuno
- Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University , 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Jean-Charles Ribierre
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Oki
- ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Electronics, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chihaya Adachi
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular System for Devices, Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- ERATO, Adachi Molecular Exciton Engineering Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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100
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Raupp SM, Siebel DK, Kitz PG, Scharfer P, Schabel W. Interdiffusion in Polymeric Multilayer Systems Studied by Inverse Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M. Raupp
- Institute
of Thermal Process Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab,
Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David K. Siebel
- Institute
of Thermal Process Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul G. Kitz
- Institute
of Thermal Process Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P. Scharfer
- Institute
of Thermal Process Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab,
Heidelberg, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - W. Schabel
- Institute
of Thermal Process Engineering, Thin Film Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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