51
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Folie BD, Tan JA, Huang J, Sercel PC, Delor M, Lai M, Lyons JL, Bernstein N, Efros AL, Yang P, Ginsberg NS. Effect of Anisotropic Confinement on Electronic Structure and Dynamics of Band Edge Excitons in Inorganic Perovskite Nanowires. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1867-1876. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter C. Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena California 91125, United States
| | | | | | - John L. Lyons
- Center for Computational Material Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center for Computational Material Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Alexander L. Efros
- Center for Computational Material Science, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Peidong Yang
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naomi S. Ginsberg
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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52
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Ben Aich R, Ben Radhia S, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C. Multiband k·p Model for Tetragonal Crystals: Application to Hybrid Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:808-817. [PMID: 31931571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the theoretical band structure of organic-inorganic perovskites APbX3 with tetragonal crystal structure. Using D4h point group symmetry properties, we derive a general 16-band Hamiltonian describing the electronic band diagram in the vicinity of the wave-vector point corresponding to the direct band gap. For bulk crystals, a very good agreement between our predictions and experimental physical parameters, as band gap energies and effective carrier masses, is obtained. Extending this description to three-dimensional confined hybrid halide perovskite, we calculate the size dependence of the excitonic radiative lifetime and fine structure. We describe the exciton fine structure of cube-shaped nanocrystals by an interplay of crystal-field and electron-hole exchange interaction (short- and long-range parts) enhanced by confinement. Using very recent experimental results on FAPbBr3 nanocrystals, we extract the bulk short-range exchange interaction in this material and predict its value in other hybrid compounds. Finally, we also predict the bright-bright and bright-dark splittings as a function of nanocrystal size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ben Aich
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - S Ben Radhia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - K Boujdaria
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, LR01ES15 Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés , Université de Carthage , 7021 Bizerte , Tunisia
| | - M Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
| | - C Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris , Sorbonne Université, CNRS , F-75005 Paris , France
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53
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Ke B, Zeng R, Zhao Z, Wei Q, Xue X, Bai K, Cai C, Zhou W, Xia Z, Zou B. Homo- and Heterovalent Doping-Mediated Self-Trapped Exciton Emission and Energy Transfer in Mn-Doped Cs 2Na 1-xAg xBiCl 6 Double Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:340-348. [PMID: 31849228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Double perovskites exhibit low toxicity, intrinsic thermodynamic stability, and small carrier effective mass. Herein, a novel doping route was adopted to incorporate Mn ions into Cs2Na1-xAgxBiCl6 double perovskites for engineering the band gap and tailoring the energy transfer. The as-prepared Cs2Na1-xAgxBiCl6 (0 < x < 1) exhibited excellent photoluminescence and a broad self-trapped exciton (STE) band from 500 to 900 nm, which exhibited an abnormal emission peak blue shift with increasing temperature. For Mn-doped Cs2Na1-xAgxBiCl6, the two photoluminescence (PL) bands from d-d transition emission of Mn ions and STEs were always observed simultaneously in the PL window. The distinct energy-transfer channel from the Mn2+ ion guest to the double-perovskite host resulted in the dominant Mn2+ emission. Our results will be helpful for further understanding the nature of the photophysics of double perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ruosheng Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Zhao
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Cai
- Teaching Practice Department , Guilin University of Electronic Technology , Guilin 541004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weichang Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510641 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , People's Republic of China
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54
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Sercel PC, Lyons JL, Bernstein N, Efros AL. Quasicubic model for metal halide perovskite nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:234106. [PMID: 31864259 DOI: 10.1063/1.5127528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an analysis of quantum confinement of carriers and excitons, and exciton fine structure, in metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs). Starting with coupled-band k · P theory, we derive a nonparabolic effective mass model for the exciton energies in MHP NCs valid for the full size range from the strong to the weak confinement limits. We illustrate the application of the model to CsPbBr3 NCs and compare the theory against published absorption data, finding excellent agreement. We then apply the theory of electron-hole exchange, including both short- and long-range exchange interactions, to develop a model for the exciton fine structure. We develop an analytical quasicubic model for the effect of tetragonal and orthorhombic lattice distortions on the exchange-related exciton fine structure in CsPbBr3, as well as some hybrid organic MHPs of recent interest, including formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3) and methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3). Testing the predictions of the quasicubic model using hybrid density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find qualitative agreement in tetragonal MHPs but significant disagreement in the orthorhombic modifications. Moreover, the quasicubic model fails to correctly describe the exciton oscillator strength and with it the long-range exchange corrections in these systems. Introducing the effect of NC shape anisotropy and possible Rashba terms into the model, we illustrate the calculation of the exciton fine structure in CsPbBr3 NCs based on the results of the DFT calculations and examine the effect of Rashba terms and shape anisotropy on the calculated fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
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55
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Baranowski M, Galkowski K, Surrente A, Urban J, Kłopotowski Ł, Maćkowski S, Maude DK, Ben Aich R, Boujdaria K, Chamarro M, Testelin C, Nayak PK, Dollmann M, Snaith HJ, Nicholas RJ, Plochocka P. Giant Fine Structure Splitting of the Bright Exciton in a Bulk MAPbBr 3 Single Crystal. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7054-7061. [PMID: 31496255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Exciton fine structure splitting in semiconductors reflects the underlying symmetry of the crystal and quantum confinement. Because the latter factor strongly enhances the exchange interaction, most work has focused on nanostructures. Here, we report on the first observation of the bright exciton fine structure splitting in a bulk semiconductor crystal, where the impact of quantum confinement can be specifically excluded, giving access to the intrinsic properties of the material. Detailed investigation of the exciton photoluminescence and reflection spectra of a bulk methylammonium lead tribromide single crystal reveals a zero magnetic field splitting as large as ∼200 μeV. This result provides an important starting point for the discussion of the origin of the large bright exciton fine structure splitting observed in perovskite nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Baranowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , 5th Grudziadzka Street , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Joanna Urban
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Łukasz Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , al. Lotnikow 32/46 , 02-668 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics , Nicolaus Copernicus University , 5th Grudziadzka Street , 87-100 Torun , Poland
| | - Duncan Kennedy Maude
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Rim Ben Aich
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage , 7021 Zarzouna , Bizerte Tunisia
| | - Kais Boujdaria
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux: Structure et Propriétés, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte , Université de Carthage , 7021 Zarzouna , Bizerte Tunisia
| | - Maria Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP , Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588 , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 , Paris , France
| | - Christophe Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP , Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR 7588 , 4 place Jussieu , F-75005 , Paris , France
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Markus Dollmann
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Henry James Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Robin John Nicholas
- Clarendon Laboratory , University of Oxford , Parks Road, Oxford , OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA , UPR 3228, 31400 Toulouse , France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology , Wroclaw University of Science and Technology , 50-370 Wroclaw , Poland
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56
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Tamarat P, Bodnarchuk MI, Trebbia JB, Erni R, Kovalenko MV, Even J, Lounis B. The ground exciton state of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals is a singlet dark state. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:717-724. [PMID: 31086320 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0364-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have emerged as promising new semiconductor materials for high-efficiency photovoltaics, light-emitting applications and quantum optical technologies. Their luminescence properties are governed by the formation and radiative recombination of bound electron-hole pairs known as excitons, whose bright or dark character of the ground state remains unknown and debated. While symmetry analysis predicts a singlet non-emissive ground exciton topped with a bright exciton triplet, it has been predicted that the Rashba effect may reverse the bright and dark level ordering. Here, we provide the direct spectroscopic signature of the dark exciton emission in the low-temperature photoluminescence of single formamidinium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals under magnetic fields. The dark singlet is located several millielectronvolts below the bright triplet, in fair agreement with an estimation of the long-range electron-hole exchange interaction. Nevertheless, these perovskites display an intense luminescence because of an extremely reduced bright-to-dark phonon-assisted relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trebbia
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France
| | - Rolf Erni
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, France.
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, France.
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57
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Rainò G, Landuyt A, Krieg F, Bernasconi C, Ochsenbein ST, Dirin DN, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV. Underestimated Effect of a Polymer Matrix on the Light Emission of Single CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3648-3653. [PMID: 31117751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lead-halide perovskite APbX3 (A = Cs or organic cation; X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) are the subject of intense research due to their exceptional characteristics as both classical and quantum light sources. Many challenges often faced with this material class concern the long-term optical stability, a serious intrinsic issue connected with the labile and polar crystal structure of APbX3 compounds. When conducting spectroscopy at a single particle level, due to the highly enhanced contaminants (e.g., water molecules, oxygen) over the NC ratio, deterioration of NC optical properties occurs within tens of seconds with typically used excitation power densities (1-100 W/cm2) and in ambient conditions. Here, we demonstrate that choosing a suitable polymer matrix is of paramount importance for obtaining stable spectra from a single NC and for suppressing the dynamic photoluminescence blueshift. In particular, polystyrene (PS), the most hydrophobic among four tested polymers, leads to the best optical stability, one to two orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with poly(methyl methacrylate), a common polymeric encapsulant containing polar ester groups. Molecular mechanics simulations based on a force-field approximation corroborate the hypothesis that PS affords for a denser molecular packing at the NC surface. These findings underscore the often-neglected role of the sample preparation methodologies for the assessment of the optical properties of perovskite NCs at a single-particle level and guide the further design of robust single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rainò
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Annelies Landuyt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Stefan T Ochsenbein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences , ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich , Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics , Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
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58
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Sercel PC, Lyons JL, Wickramaratne D, Vaxenburg R, Bernstein N, Efros AL. Exciton Fine Structure in Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4068-4077. [PMID: 31088061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The bright emission observed in cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) has recently been explained in terms of a bright exciton ground state [ Becker et al. Nature 2018 , 553 , 189 - 193 ], a claim that would make these materials the first known examples in which the exciton ground state is not an optically forbidden dark exciton. This unprecedented claim has been the subject of intense experimental investigation that has so far failed to detect the dark ground-state exciton. Here, we review the effective-mass/electron-hole exchange theory for the exciton fine structure in cubic and tetragonal CsPbBr3 NCs. In our calculations, the crystal field and the short-range electron-hole exchange constant were calculated using density functional theory together with hybrid functionals and spin-orbit coupling. Corrections associated with long-range exchange and surface image charges were calculated using measured bulk effective mass and dielectric parameters. As expected, within the context of the exchange model, we find an optically inactive ground exciton level. However, in this model, the level order for the optically active excitons in tetragonal CsPbBr3 NCs is opposite to what has been observed experimentally. An alternate explanation for the observed bright exciton level order in CsPbBr3 NCs is offered in terms of the Rashba effect, which supports the existence of a bright ground-state exciton in these NCs. The size dependence of the exciton fine structure calculated for perovskite NCs shows that the bright-dark level inversion caused by the Rashba effect is suppressed by the enhanced electron-hole exchange interaction in small NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Sercel
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Darshana Wickramaratne
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Roman Vaxenburg
- Computational Materials Science Center , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia 22030 , United States
| | - Noam Bernstein
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science , U.S. Naval Research Laboratory , Washington D.C. 20375 , United States
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59
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Ding H, Liu M, Pan N, Dong Y, Lin Y, Li T, Zhao J, Luo Z, Luo Y, Wang X. Lattice Disorder-Engineered Energy Splitting between Bright and Dark Excitons in CsPbBr 3 Quantum Wires. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1355-1360. [PMID: 30841698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in nanostructured semiconductors often undergo strong electron-hole exchange interaction, resulting in bright-dark exciton splitting with the dark exciton usually being the lower energy state. This unfavorable state arrangement has become the major bottleneck for achieving high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). However, the arrangement of dark and bright exciton states in lead halide perovskites is under intense debate due to the involvement of many complicated factors. We present here the first experimental evidence to demonstrate that the strain is a crucial factor in tuning the energy splitting of the bright and dark excitons, resulting in different PL properties.
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60
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Belykh VV, Yakovlev DR, Glazov MM, Grigoryev PS, Hussain M, Rautert J, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes in CsPbBr 3 perovskite crystals. Nat Commun 2019; 10:673. [PMID: 30737402 PMCID: PMC6368575 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The lead halide perovskites demonstrate huge potential for optoelectronic applications, high energy radiation detectors, light emitting devices and solar energy harvesting. Those materials exhibit strong spin-orbit coupling enabling efficient optical orientation of carrier spins in perovskite-based devices with performance controlled by a magnetic field. Here we show that elaborated time-resolved spectroscopy involving strong magnetic fields can be successfully used for perovskites. We perform a comprehensive study of high-quality lead halide perovskite CsPbBr3 crystals by measuring the exciton and charge carrier g-factors, spin relaxation times and hyperfine interaction of carrier and nuclear spins by means of coherent spin dynamics. Owing to their ‘inverted’ band structure, perovskites represent appealing model systems for semiconductor spintronics exploiting the valence band hole spins, while in conventional semiconductors the conduction band electrons are considered for spin functionality. Despite remarkable optical properties in lead halide perovskites, spin control in these materials is largely unexplored. Herein Belykh et al. study the coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes in cesium lead bromide perovskites, and evidence interaction of electron and lattice nuclear spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii V Belykh
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221, Dortmund, Germany. .,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Philipp S Grigoryev
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mujtaba Hussain
- Centre for Micro and Nano Devices, Department of Physics, COMSATS University, 44000, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Janina Rautert
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44221, Dortmund, Germany.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
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61
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Katan C, Mercier N, Even J. Quantum and Dielectric Confinement Effects in Lower-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3140-3192. [PMID: 30638375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid halide perovskites are now superstar materials leading the field of low-cost thin film photovoltaics technologies. Following the surge for more efficient and stable 3D bulk alloys, multilayered halide perovskites and colloidal perovskite nanostructures appeared in 2016 as viable alternative solutions to this challenge, largely exceeding the original proof of concept made in 2009 and 2014, respectively. This triggered renewed interest in lower-dimensional hybrid halide perovskites and at the same time increasingly more numerous and differentiated applications. The present paper is a review of the past and present literature on both colloidal nanostructures and multilayered compounds, emphasizing that availability of accurate structural information is of dramatic importance to reach a fair understanding of quantum and dielectric confinement effects. Layered halide perovskites occupy a special place in the history of halide perovskites, with a large number of seminal papers in the 1980s and 1990s. In recent years, the rationalization of structure-properties relationship has greatly benefited from new theoretical approaches dedicated to their electronic structures and optoelectronic properties, as well as a growing number of contributions based on modern experimental techniques. This is a necessary step to provide in-depth tools to decipher their extensive chemical engineering possibilities which surpass the ones of their 3D bulk counterparts. Comparisons to classical semiconductor nanostructures and 2D van der Waals heterostructures are also stressed. Since 2015, colloidal nanostructures have undergone a quick development for applications based on light emission. Although intensively studied in the last two years by various spectroscopy techniques, the description of quantum and dielectric confinement effects on their optoelectronic properties is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Katan
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas Mercier
- MOLTECH ANJOU, UMR-CNRS 6200, Université d'Angers , 2 Bd Lavoisier , 49045 Angers , France
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082 , F-35000 Rennes , France
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62
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Song Z, Zhao J, Liu Q. Luminescent perovskites: recent advances in theory and experiments. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00777f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes previous research on luminescent perovskites, including oxides and halides, with different structural dimensionality. The relationship between the crystal structure, electronic structure and properties is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Quanlin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Materials and Technologies
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- China
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63
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Brennan MC, Kuno M, Rouvimov S. Crystal Structure of Individual CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocubes. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:1555-1560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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64
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Zhai W, Lin J, Li C, Hu S, Huang Y, Yu C, Wen Z, Liu Z, Fang Y, Tang C. Solvothermal synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires with ultra-high aspect ratios for high-performance photodetectors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21451-21458. [PMID: 30427016 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05683h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) inorganic perovskite nanowires (NWs) have attracted promising attention for application in the fields of photodetection, lasers and lighting due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However the direct synthesis of highly pure all-inorganic perovskite NWs with well-defined morphologies and compositions still remains challenging. Here we report the controllable synthesis of brightly emitting cesium lead halide CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br) NWs and their assembly into high-performance photodetector nanodevices. High quality CsPbX3 NWs have been directly synthesized via a solvothermal method without using post-synthetic anion-exchange reactions. The NWs are single-crystalline, with uniform diameters of ∼10 nm and lengths of up to tens of microns, showing ultra-high aspect ratios. Both CsPbCl3 and CsPbBr3 NWs show excellent photoluminescence (PL) characteristics with narrow emission spectra and high PL quantum yields (PLQYs). The photodetectors constructed on the CsPbX3 NWs and interdigital electrodes (with interdigitation widths up to 100 μm) exhibit promising photoelectric properties, achieving high switching ratios (5.8 × 103 for CsPbCl3 NW devices and 1.1 × 103 for CsPbBr3 NW devices) and fast response time. The present solvothermal approach is controllable, convenient, and is easily realized for quantifiable preparation, and can further promote the application of the all-inorganic perovskite NWs in the optoelectronic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China.
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65
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Fu M, Tamarat P, Trebbia JB, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Even J, Lounis B. Unraveling exciton-phonon coupling in individual FAPbI 3 nanocrystals emitting near-infrared single photons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3318. [PMID: 30127339 PMCID: PMC6102301 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) exhibits the narrowest bandgap energy among lead halide perovskites, thus playing a pivotal role for the development of photovoltaics and near-infrared classical or quantum light sources. Here, we unveil the fundamental properties of FAPbI3 by spectroscopic investigations of nanocrystals of this material at the single-particle level. We show that these nanocrystals deliver near-infrared single photons suitable for quantum communication. Moreover, the low temperature photoluminescence spectra of FAPbI3 nanocrystals reveal the optical phonon modes responsible for the emission line broadening with temperature and a vanishing exciton-acoustic phonon interaction in these soft materials. The photoluminescence decays are governed by thermal mixing between fine structure states, with a two-optical phonon Raman scattering process. These results point to a strong Frölich interaction and to a phonon glass character that weakens the interactions of charge carriers with acoustic phonons and thus impacts their relaxation and mobility in these perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fu
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Philippe Tamarat
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Trebbia
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Brahim Lounis
- Université de Bordeaux, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
- Institut d'Optique and CNRS, LP2N, Talence, F-33405, France.
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