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von Baeckmann C, Kählig H, Lindén M, Kleitz F. On the importance of the linking chemistry for the PEGylation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 589:453-461. [PMID: 33485252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The typical method for minimizing serum protein adsorption in biological settings and prolonging blood circulation time of nanoparticles, is to anchor hydrophilic polymers (e.g., poly(ethylene glycol), PEG) on the particle surface, which is most often done by covalent attachment (PEGylation). Herein, different PEGylation methods were realised and compared to functionalize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). First, reactive groups were installed using post-grafting procedures with different functional silanes. Further, PEGs carrying a functional group and having different chain lengths and termini, were used. The grafting efficacy as well as the structural and physicochemical characteristics of the resulting particles were determined. Finally, the serum protein adsorption behaviour of these functionalized particles was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The type of selected coupling method was shown to strongly influence the grafting efficiency as well as the resulting protein adsorption. The results highlight the importance of the right choice of the linking chemistry when aiming at surface functionalization of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia von Baeckmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mika Lindén
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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52
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Yap JE, Zhang L, Lovegrove JT, Beves JE, Stenzel MH. Visible Light-Responsive Drug Delivery Nanoparticle via Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts (DASA). Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000236. [PMID: 32776488 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug release from a nanocarrier triggered by light enables the control of the amount of drug locally. Here, block copolymer micelles based on poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) as the hydrophilic block and a polymer with pendant donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) are used as a means to trigger the release of drugs under green light. The micelles are loaded with ellipticine to yield light-responsive nanoparticles with sizes of around 35 nm according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Two micelles with a drug loading content of 4.75 and 7.4 wt% are prepared, but the micelle with the higher drug loading content leads to substantial protein adsorption. The release of ellipticine from the micelle, which is monitored using the polarity-sensitive fluorescence of ellipticine, can be switched on by light and off by thermal recovery of DASA in the dark. The micelles are readily taken up by Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cells. Subsequent light irradiation leads to enhanced drug release inside the cell as seen by the enhanced fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeaniffer E Yap
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lin Zhang
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jordan T Lovegrove
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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53
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Pinals RL, Chio L, Ledesma F, Landry MP. Engineering at the nano-bio interface: harnessing the protein corona towards nanoparticle design and function. Analyst 2020; 145:5090-5112. [PMID: 32608460 PMCID: PMC7439532 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00633e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Unpredictable and uncontrollable protein adsorption on nanoparticles remains a considerable challenge to achieving effective application of nanotechnologies within biological environments. Nevertheless, engineered nanoparticles offer unprecedented functionality and control in probing and altering biological systems. In this review, we highlight recent advances in harnessing the "protein corona" formed on nanoparticles as a handle to tune functional properties of the protein-nanoparticle complex. Towards this end, we first review nanoparticle properties that influence protein adsorption and design strategies to facilitate selective corona formation, with the corresponding characterization techniques. We next focus on literature detailing corona-mediated functionalities, including stealth to avoid recognition and sequestration while in circulation, targeting of predetermined in vivo locations, and controlled activation once localized to the intended biological compartment. We conclude with a discussion of biocompatibility outcomes for these protein-nanoparticle complexes applied in vivo. While formation of the nanoparticle-corona complex may impede our control over its use for the projected nanobiotechnology application, it concurrently presents an opportunity to create improved protein-nanoparticle architectures by exploiting natural or guiding selective protein adsorption to the nanoparticle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pinals
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Role of carboxylic group pattern on protein surface in the recognition of iron oxide nanoparticles: A key for protein corona formation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1715-1728. [PMID: 32758605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of protein-nanoparticle interplay is of crucial importance to predict the fate of nanomaterials in biological environments. Indeed, protein corona on nanomaterials is responsible for the physiological response of the organism, influencing cell processes, from transport to accumulation and toxicity. Herein, a comparison using four different proteins reveals the existence of patterned regions of carboxylic groups acting as recognition sites for naked iron oxide nanoparticles. Readily interacting proteins display a distinctive surface distribution of carboxylic groups, recalling the geometric shape of an ellipse. This is morphologically complementary to nanoparticles curvature and compatible with the topography of exposed FeIII sites laying on the nanomaterial surface. The recognition site, absent in non-interacting proteins, promotes the nanoparticle harboring and allows the formation of functional protein coronas. The present work envisages the possibility of predicting the composition and the biological properties of protein corona on metal oxide nanoparticles.
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55
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Li Y, Lee JS. Insights into Characterization Methods and Biomedical Applications of Nanoparticle-Protein Corona. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3093. [PMID: 32664362 PMCID: PMC7412248 DOI: 10.3390/ma13143093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to a biological milieu will strongly interact with proteins, forming "coronas" on the surfaces of the NPs. The protein coronas (PCs) affect the properties of the NPs and provide a new biological identity to the particles in the biological environment. The characterization of NP-PC complexes has attracted enormous research attention, owing to the crucial effects of the properties of an NP-PC on its interactions with living systems, as well as the diverse applications of NP-PC complexes. The analysis of NP-PC complexes without a well-considered approach will inevitably lead to misunderstandings and inappropriate applications of NPs. This review introduces methods for the characterization of NP-PC complexes and investigates their recent applications in biomedicine. Furthermore, the review evaluates these characterization methods based on comprehensive critical views and provides future perspectives regarding the applications of NP-PC complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Seung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea;
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56
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Noy JM, Chen F, Akhter DT, Houston ZH, Fletcher NL, Thurecht KJ, Stenzel MH. Direct Comparison of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Phosphorylcholine Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2320-2333. [PMID: 32343128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylcholine is known to repel the absorption of proteins onto surfaces, which can prevent the formation of a protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles. This can influence the fate of nanoparticles used for drug delivery. This material could therefore serve as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Herein, the synthesis of different particles prepared by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) coated with either poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or zwitterionic 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and 4-(N-(S-penicillaminylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenonous acid (PENAO) was reported. The anticancer drug 4-(N-(S-penicillaminylacetyl)amino) phenylarsenonous acid (PENAO) was conjugated to the shell-forming block. Interactions of the different coated nanoparticles, which present comparable sizes and size distributions (76-85 nm, PDI = 0.067-0.094), with two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultured cells were studied, and their cytotoxicities, cellular uptakes, spheroid penetration, and cell localization profiles were analyzed. While only a minimal difference in behaviour was observed for nanoparticles assessed using in vitro experiment (with PEG-co- PENAO-coated micelles showing slightly higher cytotoxicity and better spheroid penetration and cell localization ability), the effect of the different physicochemical properties between nanoparticles had a more dramatic effect on in vivo biodistribution. After 1 h of injection, the majority of the MPC-co-PENAO-coated nanoparticles were found to accumulate in the liver, making this particle system unfeasible for future biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina-Miriam Noy
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fan Chen
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dewan T Akhter
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zachary H Houston
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Martina H Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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57
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Chen M, Chen S, Zhu F, Wang F, Tian H, Fan Z, Ke S, Hou Z, Li Y. "Watson-Crick G[triple bond, length as m-dash]C"-inspired supramolecular nanodrug of methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil for tumor microenvironment-activatable self-recognizing synergistic chemotherapy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:3829-3841. [PMID: 32232285 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carrier-free nanodrugs, generated via the straightforward small-molecule self-assembly of anticancer drugs, provide a promising route for cancer chemotherapy. However, their low structural stability, lack of targeting specificity, and poor stimulus responsiveness are still limiting their therapeutic effect. Inspired by Watson-Crick G[triple bond, length as m-dash]C base pairing, the FDA-approved chemo-drug methotrexate (MTX, which can bind with folate receptors) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, a DNA/RNA synthetase inhibitor) were adopted for direct assembly into self-recognizing MTX-5-FU nanoparticles via "Watson-Crick-like base pairing"-driven precise supramolecular assembly. Sequentially, our synthesized weak acidity-responsive polyethylene glycol (PEG) was inserted onto the nanoparticle surface to temporarily shield the self-targeting function of MTX and prolong the blood circulation time. Once PEG-MTX-5-FU nanoparticles reached the weakly acidic tumor microenvironment, the PEG corona could be cleaved from their surface and then MTX could be re-exposed to recover its self-recognition ability and significantly elevate tumor cell uptake; furthermore, the de-PEGylated MTX-5-FU nanoparticles could respond to the stronger acidity of lysosome, triggering core disassembly and thus the burst release of both MTX and 5-FU. Further in vitro and in vivo studies consistently confirmed that the nanodrugs exhibited preferable accumulation at the tumor sites with highly synergistic chemotherapeutic effects. The supramolecular recognition-inspired, cascade-triggered self-targeting and controlled release of nanodrugs could be a promising strategy to improve synergistic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shiduan Chen
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Fukai Zhu
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Fanfan Wang
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Haina Tian
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhongxiong Fan
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Sunkui Ke
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, China.
| | - Zhenqing Hou
- Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Research Center of Biomedical Engineering of Xiamen & Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China and Department of Translational Medicine, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361024, P. R. China.
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58
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Yan X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, He L, Qu J, Zhou C, Hong P, Sun S, Zhao H, Liang Y, Ren L, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li C. The Complex Toxicity of Tetracycline with Polystyrene Spheres on Gastric Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082808. [PMID: 32325809 PMCID: PMC7216245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, microplastics (MPs) exist widely in the marine. The surface has strong adsorption capacity for antibiotics in natural environments, and the cytotoxicity of complex are poorly understood. In the study, 500 nm polystyrene (PS-MPs) and 60 nm nanoplastics (PS-NPs) were synthesized. The adsorption of PS to tetracycline (TC) was studied and their toxicity to gastric cancer cells (AGS) was researched. The adsorption experimental results show that PS absorbing capacity increased with increasing TC concentrations. The defense mechanism results show that 60 nm PS-NPs, 500 nm PS-MPs and their complex induce different damage to AGS cells. Furthermore, 600 mg/L PS-NPs and PS-MPs decline cell viability, induce oxidation stress and cause apoptosis. There is more serious damage of 60 nm PS-NPs than 500 nm PS-MPs in cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). DNA are also damaged by 60 nm PS-NPs and PS-TC NPs, 500 nm PS-MPs and PS-TC MPs, and 60 nm PS-NPs damage DNA more serious than 500 nm PS-MPs. Moreover, 60 nm PS-NPs and PS-TC NPs seem to promote bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) overexpression. All treatments provided us with evidence on how PS-NPs, PS-MPs and their compounds damaged AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiemin Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
| | - Yuqin Lu
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lei He
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-759-238-3636 (C.L.)
| | - Junhao Qu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chunxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Pengzhi Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (X.Y.); (J.Q.); (C.Z.); (P.H.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shengli Sun
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Yueqin Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Jinjun Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (L.R.); (Y.Z.); (J.C.)
| | - Chengyong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China;
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.); (S.S.); (H.Z.); (Y.L.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang 524088, China
- Correspondence: (L.H.); (C.L.); Tel.: +86-759-238-3636 (C.L.)
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