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Zheng XB, Liu HS, Zhang LJ, Liu XH, Zhong XL, Zhou C, Hu T, Wu XR, Hu JC, Lian L, Deng QL, Chen YF, Ke J, He XW, Wu XJ, He XS, Lan P. Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein 1 Protects Against DSS-induced Colonic Injury in Mice via Rac1 Activation. J Crohns Colitis 2019; 13:100-114. [PMID: 30219846 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mucosal healing is an emerging therapeutic goal that could result in clinical remission of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. We sought to determine the role of engulfment and cell motility protein 1 [ELMO1] in wound healing in vitro and in vivo and to investigate the underlying pathways. METHODS RNA transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the expression profiles of mRNA between inflamed tissues and corresponding non-inflamed tissues of IBD patients, followed by Gene Expression Omnibus [GEO] datasets and western blot analysis. The effects of ELMO1 overexpression or knockdown on cell migration and proliferation were determined. The dependence of these effects on Rac1 was assessed using a Rac1 inhibitor [NSC23766] and a Rac1 pull-down assay. We identified the underlying pathways involved by Gene Ontology [GO] analysis. A dextran sulphate sodium [DSS]-induced colitis model was established to evaluate the role of ELMO1 in colonic mucosal healing. RESULTS ELMO1 was upregulated in inflamed tissues compared with corresponding non-inflamed tissues. ELMO1 overexpression increased cell migration in a Rac1-dependent manner. Depletion of ELMO1, or NSC23766 administration, abolished this effect. GO analysis revealed that ELMO1 overexpression preferentially affected pathways involved in cytoskeletal regulation and wound healing, which was demonstrated by enhanced F-actin staining and increased numbers of extending lamellipodia in cells overexpressing ELMO1. In DSS-induced colitis, systemic delivery of pSin-EF2-ELMO1-Pur attenuated colonic inflammation and promoted recovery from colonic injury. The protective effect of ELMO1 was dependent on Rac1 activation. CONCLUSIONS ELMO1 protects against DSS-induced colonic injury in mice through its effect on epithelial migration via Rac1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Shan Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Long-Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhong
- Joint Cardiac Surgery Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Rui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Cong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Lian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Ling Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Wen He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Duque-Correa MA, Karp NA, McCarthy C, Forman S, Goulding D, Sankaranarayanan G, Jenkins TP, Reid AJ, Cambridge EL, Ballesteros Reviriego C, Müller W, Cantacessi C, Dougan G, Grencis RK, Berriman M. Exclusive dependence of IL-10Rα signalling on intestinal microbiota homeostasis and control of whipworm infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007265. [PMID: 30640950 PMCID: PMC6347331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The whipworm Trichuris trichiura is a soil-transmitted helminth that dwells in the epithelium of the caecum and proximal colon of their hosts causing the human disease, trichuriasis. Trichuriasis is characterized by colitis attributed to the inflammatory response elicited by the parasite while tunnelling through intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The IL-10 family of receptors, comprising combinations of subunits IL-10Rα, IL-10Rβ, IL-22Rα and IL-28Rα, modulates intestinal inflammatory responses. Here we carefully dissected the role of these subunits in the resistance of mice to infection with T. muris, a mouse model of the human whipworm T. trichiura. Our findings demonstrate that whilst IL-22Rα and IL-28Rα are dispensable in the host response to whipworms, IL-10 signalling through IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ is essential to control caecal pathology, worm expulsion and survival during T. muris infections. We show that deficiency of IL-10, IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ results in dysbiosis of the caecal microbiota characterised by expanded populations of opportunistic bacteria of the families Enterococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, breakdown of the epithelial barrier after whipworm infection in IL-10, IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ-deficient mice, allows the translocation of these opportunistic pathogens or their excretory products to the liver causing organ failure and lethal disease. Importantly, bone marrow chimera experiments indicate that signalling through IL-10Rα and IL-10Rβ in haematopoietic cells, but not IECs, is crucial to control worm expulsion and immunopathology. These findings are supported by worm expulsion upon infection of conditional mutant mice for the IL-10Rα on IECs. Our findings emphasize the pivotal and complex role of systemic IL-10Rα signalling on immune cells in promoting microbiota homeostasis and maintaining the intestinal epithelial barrier, thus preventing immunopathology during whipworm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha A Karp
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McCarthy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Forman
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Goulding
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy P Jenkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Reid
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Cambridge
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Werner Müller
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
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53
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Aden K, Tran F, Ito G, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Lipinski S, Kuiper JW, Tschurtschenthaler M, Saveljeva S, Bhattacharyya J, Häsler R, Bartsch K, Luzius A, Jentzsch M, Falk-Paulsen M, Stengel ST, Welz L, Schwarzer R, Rabe B, Barchet W, Krautwald S, Hartmann G, Pasparakis M, Blumberg RS, Schreiber S, Kaser A, Rosenstiel P. ATG16L1 orchestrates interleukin-22 signaling in the intestinal epithelium via cGAS-STING. J Exp Med 2018; 215:2868-2886. [PMID: 30254094 PMCID: PMC6219748 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A coding variant of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk gene ATG16L1 has been associated with defective autophagy and deregulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function. IL-22 is a barrier protective cytokine by inducing regeneration and antimicrobial responses in the intestinal mucosa. We show that ATG16L1 critically orchestrates IL-22 signaling in the intestinal epithelium. IL-22 stimulation physiologically leads to transient ER stress and subsequent activation of STING-dependent type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling, which is augmented in Atg16l1 ΔIEC intestinal organoids. IFN-I signals amplify epithelial TNF production downstream of IL-22 and contribute to necroptotic cell death. In vivo, IL-22 treatment in Atg16l1 ΔIEC and Atg16l1 ΔIEC/Xbp1 ΔIEC mice potentiates endogenous ileal inflammation and causes widespread necroptotic epithelial cell death. Therapeutic blockade of IFN-I signaling ameliorates IL-22-induced ileal inflammation in Atg16l1 ΔIEC mice. Our data demonstrate an unexpected role of ATG16L1 in coordinating the outcome of IL-22 signaling in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Aden
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Tran
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Go Ito
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Raheleh Sheibani-Tezerji
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Lipinski
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan W Kuiper
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Tschurtschenthaler
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Svetlana Saveljeva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Joya Bhattacharyya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kareen Bartsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Falk-Paulsen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stephanie T Stengel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lina Welz
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robin Schwarzer
- Institute for Genetics, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Rabe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Winfried Barchet
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I., Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Andreakos E, Zanoni I, Galani IE. Lambda interferons come to light: dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control. Curr Opin Immunol 2018; 56:67-75. [PMID: 30399529 PMCID: PMC6541392 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
IFNλs are dual function cytokines mediating antiviral activity and damage control. IFNλs confer initial antimicrobial protection at anatomical barriers without provoking unnecessary inflammation. IFNλs exhibit immune regulatory and host protective actions reminiscent of IL-10. IFNλs form novel therapeutics with the beneficial actions of type I IFNs but lacking their pro-inflammatory side effects.
Lambda interferons (IFNλs, type III IFNs or interleukins-28/29) were described fifteen years ago as novel cytokines sharing structural and functional homology with IL-10 and type I IFNs, respectively. IFNλs engage a unique receptor complex comprising IFNLR1 and IL10R2, nevertheless they share signaling cascade and many functions with type I IFNs, questioning their possible non-redundant roles and overall biological importance. Here, we review the latest evidence establishing the primacy of IFNλs in front line protection at anatomical barriers, mediating antiviral immunity before type I IFNs. We also discuss their emerging role in regulating inflammation and limiting host damage, a major difference to type I IFNs. IFNλs come thus to light as dual function cytokines mediating antiviral immunity and damage control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom.
| | - Ivan Zanoni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ioanna E Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Pervolaraki K, Rastgou Talemi S, Albrecht D, Bormann F, Bamford C, Mendoza JL, Garcia KC, McLauchlan J, Höfer T, Stanifer ML, Boulant S. Differential induction of interferon stimulated genes between type I and type III interferons is independent of interferon receptor abundance. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007420. [PMID: 30485383 PMCID: PMC6287881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that type I and III interferons (IFNs) have redundant functions. However, the preferential distribution of type III IFN receptor on epithelial cells suggests functional differences at epithelial surfaces. Here, using human intestinal epithelial cells we could show that although both type I and type III IFNs confer an antiviral state to the cells, they do so with distinct kinetics. Type I IFN signaling is characterized by an acute strong induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and confers fast antiviral protection. On the contrary, the slow acting type III IFN mediated antiviral protection is characterized by a weaker induction of ISGs in a delayed manner compared to type I IFN. Moreover, while transcript profiling revealed that both IFNs induced a similar set of ISGs, their temporal expression strictly depended on the IFNs, thereby leading to unique antiviral environments. Using a combination of data-driven mathematical modeling and experimental validation, we addressed the molecular reason for this differential kinetic of ISG expression. We could demonstrate that these kinetic differences are intrinsic to each signaling pathway and not due to different expression levels of the corresponding IFN receptors. We report that type III IFN is specifically tailored to act in specific cell types not only due to the restriction of its receptor but also by providing target cells with a distinct antiviral environment compared to type I IFN. We propose that this specific environment is key at surfaces that are often challenged with the extracellular environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cellular polarity and viral infection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Soheil Rastgou Talemi
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Albrecht
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Bormann
- Division of Epigenetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Connor Bamford
- MRC- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Juan L. Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - John McLauchlan
- MRC- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Megan L. Stanifer
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Cellular polarity and viral infection, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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56
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Fernando EH, Gordon MH, Beck PL, MacNaughton WK. Inhibition of Intestinal Epithelial Wound Healing through Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activation in Caco2 Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:382-392. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Leber A, Hontecillas R, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Bassaganya-Riera J. Activation of LANCL2 by BT-11 Ameliorates IBD by Supporting Regulatory T Cell Stability Through Immunometabolic Mechanisms. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1978-1991. [PMID: 29718324 PMCID: PMC6241665 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) afflicts 5 million people and is increasing in prevalence. There is an unmet clinical need for safer and effective treatments for IBD. The BT-11 is a small molecule oral therapeutic that ameliorates IBD by targeting lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 (LANCL2) and has a benign safety profile in rats. METHODS Mdr1a-/-, dextran sodium sulphate , and adoptive transfer mouse models of colitis were employed to validate therapeutic efficacy and characterize the mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy of BT-11. In vitro cultures of CD4+ T cell differentiation and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Crohn's disease patients were used to determine its potential for human translation. RESULTS BT-11 reduces inflammation in multiple mouse models of IBD. Oral treatment with BT-11 increases the numbers of lamina propria regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a LANCL2-dependent manner. In vitro, BT-11 increases the differentiation in Treg phenotypes, the upregulation of genes implicated in Treg cell stability, and conditions Treg cells to elicit greater suppressive actions. These immunoregulatory effects are intertwined with the ability of BT-11 to regulate late stage glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Immunometabolic mechanistic findings translate into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals and Crohn's disease patients. CONCLUSIONS BT-11 is a safe, efficacious oral therapeutic for IBD with a human translatable mechanism of action that involves activation of LANCL2, immunometabolic modulation of CD4+ T cell subsets leading to stable regulatory phenotypes in the colonic LP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Landos Biopharma Inc, Blacksburg, VA,Correspondence address: Dr Josep Bassaganya-Riera Landos Biopharma Inc, 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 216 Blacksburg VA 24060. E-mail:
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58
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Resolution of chronic inflammatory disease: universal and tissue-specific concepts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3261. [PMID: 30111884 PMCID: PMC6093916 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and its resolution is under-studied in medicine despite being essential for understanding the development of chronic inflammatory disease. In this review article, we discuss the resolution of inflammation in both a biological and translational context. We introduce the concept of impaired resolution leading to diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and asthma, as well as the cellular and molecular components that contribute to resolution of joint, gut, and lung inflammation, respectively. Finally, we discuss potential intervention strategies for fostering the resolution process, and their implications for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
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59
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Juritsch AF, Moreau R. Role of soybean-derived bioactive compounds in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutr Rev 2018; 76:618-638. [PMID: 29800381 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with IBD present with debilitating symptoms that alter the quality of life and can develop into severe complications requiring surgery. Epidemiological evidence indicates Westernized societies have an elevated IBD burden when compared with Asian societies. Considering the stark contrast between the typical Western and Eastern dietary patterns, it is postulated that differences in food and lifestyle contribute to lower IBD incidence in Asian countries. Soybeans (Glycine max), which are consumed in high quantities and as various preparations in Eastern societies, contain a wealth of natural, biologically active compounds that include isoflavones, bioactive peptides, protease inhibitors, and phytosterols, among many others. These compounds have been shown to improve human health, and preclinical evidence suggests they have potential to improve the prognosis of IBD. This review summarizes the current state of evidence regarding the effects and the mechanisms of action of these soybean-derived bioactive compounds in experimental models of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Juritsch
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Régis Moreau
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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60
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Andrews C, McLean MH, Durum SK. Cytokine Tuning of Intestinal Epithelial Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1270. [PMID: 29922293 PMCID: PMC5996247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine serves as both our largest single barrier to the external environment and the host of more immune cells than any other location in our bodies. Separating these potential combatants is a single layer of dynamic epithelium composed of heterogeneous epithelial subtypes, each uniquely adapted to carry out a subset of the intestine’s diverse functions. In addition to its obvious role in digestion, the intestinal epithelium is responsible for a wide array of critical tasks, including maintaining barrier integrity, preventing invasion by microbial commensals and pathogens, and modulating the intestinal immune system. Communication between these epithelial cells and resident immune cells is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and coordinating appropriate responses to disease and can occur through cell-to-cell contact or by the release or recognition of soluble mediators. The objective of this review is to highlight recent literature illuminating how cytokines and chemokines, both those made by and acting on the intestinal epithelium, orchestrate many of the diverse functions of the intestinal epithelium and its interactions with immune cells in health and disease. Areas of focus include cytokine control of intestinal epithelial proliferation, cell death, and barrier permeability. In addition, the modulation of epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines by factors such as interactions with stromal and immune cells, pathogen and commensal exposure, and diet will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrews
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mairi H McLean
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Scott K Durum
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, United States
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61
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Baker K. Organoids Provide an Important Window on Inflammation in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E151. [PMID: 29883385 PMCID: PMC5977124 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a primary driver of cancer initiation and progression. However, the complex and dynamic nature of an inflammatory response make this a very difficult process to study. Organoids are a new model system where complex multicellular structures of primary cells can be grown in a 3D matrix to recapitulate the biology of the parent tissue. This experimental model offers several distinct advantages over alternatives including the ability to be genetically engineered, implanted in vivo and reliably derived from a wide variety of normal and cancerous tissue from patients. Furthermore, long-term organoid cultures reproduce many features of their source tissue, including genetic and epigenetic alterations and drug sensitivity. Perhaps most significantly, cancer organoids can be cocultured in a variety of different systems with a patients’ own immune cells, uniquely permitting the study of autologous cancer-immune cell interactions. Experiments with such systems promise to shed light on the mechanisms governing inflammation-associated cancer while also providing prognostic information on an individual patient’s responsiveness to immunotherapeutic anti-cancer drugs. Thanks to their ability to capture important features of the complex relationship between a cancer and its microenvironment, organoids are poised to become an essential tool for unraveling the mechanisms by which inflammation promotes cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Baker
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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62
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Crnčec I, Modak M, Gordziel C, Svinka J, Scharf I, Moritsch S, Pathria P, Schlederer M, Kenner L, Timelthaler G, Müller M, Strobl B, Casanova E, Bayer E, Mohr T, Stöckl J, Friedrich K, Eferl R. STAT1 is a sex-specific tumor suppressor in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:514-528. [PMID: 29419930 PMCID: PMC5891040 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon‐inducible transcription factor STAT1 is a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. We investigated sex‐specific STAT1 functions in colitis and colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CRC) using mice with specific STAT1 deletion in intestinal epithelial cells (STAT1∆IEC). Male but not female STAT1∆IEC mice were more resistant to DSS‐induced colitis than sex‐matched STAT1flox/flox controls and displayed reduced intraepithelial infiltration of CD8+ TCRαβ+ granzyme B+ T cells. Moreover, DSS treatment failed to induce expression of T‐cell‐attracting chemokines in intestinal epithelial cells of male but not of female STAT1∆IEC mice. Application of the AOM‐DSS protocol for induction of colitis‐associated CRC resulted in increased intestinal tumor load in male but not in female STAT1∆IEC mice. A sex‐specific stratification of human CRC patients corroborated the data obtained in mice and revealed that reduced tumor cell‐intrinsic nuclear STAT1 protein expression is a poor prognostic factor in men but not in women. These data demonstrate that epithelial STAT1 is a male‐specific tumor suppressor in CRC of mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilija Crnčec
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Madhura Modak
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Gordziel
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina Pathria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research LBICR, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Physiology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Editha Bayer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
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63
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Ingle H, Peterson ST, Baldridge MT. Distinct Effects of Type I and III Interferons on Enteric Viruses. Viruses 2018; 10:E46. [PMID: 29361691 PMCID: PMC5795459 DOI: 10.3390/v10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key host cytokines in the innate immune response to viral infection, and recent work has identified unique roles for IFN subtypes in regulating different aspects of infection. Currently emerging is a common theme that type III IFNs are critical in localized control of infection at mucosal barrier sites, while type I IFNs are important for broad systemic control of infections. The intestine is a particular site of interest for exploring these effects, as in addition to being the port of entry for a multitude of pathogens, it is a complex tissue with a variety of cell types as well as the presence of the intestinal microbiota. Here we focus on the roles of type I and III IFNs in control of enteric viruses, discussing what is known about signaling downstream from these cytokines, including induction of specific IFN-stimulated genes. We review viral strategies to evade IFN responses, effects of IFNs on the intestine, interactions between IFNs and the microbiota, and briefly discuss the role of IFNs in controlling viral infections at other barrier sites. Enhanced understanding of the coordinate roles of IFNs in control of viral infections may facilitate development of antiviral therapeutic strategies; here we highlight potential avenues for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Ingle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Stefan T Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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64
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Aberle MR, Burkhart RA, Tiriac H, Olde Damink SWM, Dejong CHC, Tuveson DA, van Dam RM. Patient-derived organoid models help define personalized management of gastrointestinal cancer. Br J Surg 2018; 105:e48-e60. [PMID: 29341164 PMCID: PMC5774241 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with different gastrointestinal cancers varies widely. Despite advances in treatment strategies, such as extensive resections and the addition of new drugs to chemotherapy regimens, conventional treatment strategies have failed to improve survival for many tumours. Although promising, the clinical application of molecularly guided personalized treatment has proven to be challenging. This narrative review focuses on the personalization of cancer therapy using patient-derived three-dimensional 'organoid' models. METHODS A PubMed search was conducted to identify relevant articles. An overview of the literature and published protocols is presented, and the implications of these models for patients with cancer, surgeons and oncologists are explained. RESULTS Organoid culture methods have been established for healthy and diseased tissues from oesophagus, stomach, intestine, pancreas, bile duct and liver. Because organoids can be generated with high efficiency and speed from fine-needle aspirations, biopsies or resection specimens, they can serve as a personal cancer model. Personalized treatment could become a more standard practice by using these cell cultures for extensive molecular diagnosis and drug screening. Drug sensitivity assays can give a clinically actionable sensitivity profile of a patient's tumour. However, the predictive capability of organoid drug screening has not been evaluated in prospective clinical trials. CONCLUSION High-throughput drug screening on organoids, combined with next-generation sequencing, proteomic analysis and other state-of-the-art molecular diagnostic methods, can shape cancer treatment to become more effective with fewer side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Aberle
- NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Surgical Centre Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany and Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Burkhart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - H Tiriac
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - S W M Olde Damink
- NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Surgical Centre Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany and Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C H C Dejong
- NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Surgical Centre Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany and Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D A Tuveson
- Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Lustgarten Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - R M van Dam
- NUTRIM school of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- European Surgical Centre Aachen Maastricht, Aachen, Germany and Maastricht, The Netherlands
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65
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Selvakumar TA, Bhushal S, Kalinke U, Wirth D, Hauser H, Köster M, Hornef MW. Identification of a Predominantly Interferon-λ-Induced Transcriptional Profile in Murine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1302. [PMID: 29085367 PMCID: PMC5650613 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I (α and β) and type III (λ) interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of a large set of antiviral effector molecules via their respective surface membrane receptors. Whereas most cell types respond to type I IFN, type III IFN preferentially acts on epithelial cells and protects mucosal organs such as the lung and gastrointestinal tract. Despite the engagement of different receptor molecules, the type I and type III IFN-induced signaling cascade and upregulated gene profile is thought to be largely identical. Here, we comparatively analyzed the response of gut epithelial cells to IFN-β and IFN-λ2 and identified a set of genes predominantly induced by IFN-λ2. We confirm the influence of epithelial cell polarization for enhanced type III receptor expression and demonstrate the induction of predominantly IFN-λ2-induced genes in the gut epithelium in vivo. Our results suggest that IFN-λ2 targets the epithelium and induces genes to adjust the antiviral host response to the requirements at mucosal body sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharini A. Selvakumar
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sudeep Bhushal
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, A Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wirth
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hansjörg Hauser
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Köster
- Research Group Model Systems for Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mathias W. Hornef
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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66
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Eissa N, Hussein H, Kermarrec L, Grover J, Metz-Boutigue MHE, Bernstein CN, Ghia JE. Chromofungin Ameliorates the Progression of Colitis by Regulating Alternatively Activated Macrophages. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1131. [PMID: 28951733 PMCID: PMC5599789 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by a functional dysregulation of alternatively activated macrophage (AAM) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) homeostasis. Chromogranin-A (CHGA) secreted by neuroendocrine cells is implicated in intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation. CHGA undergoes proteolytic processing to generate CHGA-derived peptides. Chromofungin (CHR: CHGA47–66) is a short CHGA-derived peptide encoded by CHGA Exon-IV and is involved in innate immune regulation, but the basis is poorly investigated. We investigated the expression of CHR in colonic tissue of patients with active UC and assessed the effects of the CHR in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis in mice and on macrophages and human colonic epithelial cells. We found that mRNA expression of CHR correlated positively with mRNA levels of AAM markers and gene expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and negatively with mRNA levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-18, and collagen in patients with active UC. Moreover, AAM markers correlated positively with gene expression of TJ proteins and negatively with IL-8, IL-18, and collagen gene expression. Experimentally, intracolonic administration of CHR protected against DSS-induced colitis by priming macrophages into AAM, reducing colonic collagen deposition, and maintaining IECs homeostasis. This effect was associated with a significant increase of AAM markers, reduction of colonic IL-18 release and conservation of gene expression of TJ proteins. In vitro, CHR enhanced AAM polarization and increased the production of anti-inflammatory mediators. CHR-treated AAM conditioned medium increased Caco-2 cell migration, viability, proliferation, and mRNA levels of TJ proteins, and decreased oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and proinflammatory cytokines release. Direct CHR treatments had the same effect. In conclusion, CHR treatment reduces the severity of colitis and the inflammatory process via enhancing AAM functions and maintaining IECs homeostasis. CHR is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammation in experimental colitis. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of colonic inflammation and could lead to new therapeutic strategies for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Eissa
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hayam Hussein
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Jasmine Grover
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Et Metz-Boutigue
- INSERM U977, Biomatériaux et Ingéniérie tissulaire, Institut Leriche 2éme étage, Hôpital Civil, Porte de l'Hôpital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jean-Eric Ghia
- Immunology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba IBD Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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67
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IFN-λ suppresses intestinal inflammation by non-translational regulation of neutrophil function. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1084-1093. [PMID: 28846084 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-λ (IFN-λ) is a central regulator of mucosal immunity; however, its signaling specificity relative to that of type I interferons is poorly defined. IFN-λ can induce antiviral interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in epithelia, while the effect of IFN-λ in non-epithelial cells remains unclear. Here we report that neutrophils responded to IFN-λ. We found that in addition to inducing ISG transcription, IFN-λ (but not IFN-β) specifically activated a translation-independent signaling pathway that diminished the production of reactive oxygen species and degranulation in neutrophils. In mice, IFN-λ was elicited by enteric viruses and acted on neutrophils to decrease oxidative stress and intestinal damage. Thus, IFN-λ acted as a unique immunomodulatory agent by modifying transcriptional and non-translational neutrophil responses, which might permit a controlled development of the inflammatory process.
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68
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Lee S, Baldridge MT. Interferon-Lambda: A Potent Regulator of Intestinal Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:749. [PMID: 28713375 PMCID: PMC5491552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-lambda (IFN-λ) is a recently described cytokine found to be of critical importance in innate immune regulation of intestinal viruses. Endogenous IFN-λ has potent antiviral effects and has been shown to control multiple intestinal viruses and may represent a factor that contributes to human variability in response to infection. Importantly, recombinant IFN-λ has therapeutic potential against enteric viral infections, many of which lack other effective treatments. In this mini-review, we describe recent advances regarding IFN-λ-mediated regulation of enteric viruses with important clinical relevance including rotavirus, reovirus, and norovirus. We also briefly discuss IFN-λ interactions with other cytokines important in the intestine, and how IFN-λ may play a role in regulation of intestinal viruses by the commensal microbiome. Finally, we indicate currently outstanding questions regarding IFN-λ control of enteric infections that remain to be explored to enhance our understanding of this important immune molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Megan T Baldridge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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