51
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DeVine JA, Weichman ML, Zhou X, Ma J, Jiang B, Guo H, Neumark DM. Non-Adiabatic Effects on Excited States of Vinylidene Observed with Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16417-16425. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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52
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Fu X, Luo Z, Chen X, Li J, Ning C. Accurate electron affinity of V and fine-structure splittings of V− via slow-electron velocity-map imaging. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Fu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chuangang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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53
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Chen X, Ning C. Accurate electron affinity of Pb and isotope shifts of binding energies of Pb−. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:084303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4961654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chuangang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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54
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Weichman ML, DeVine JA, Neumark DM. High-resolution photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled Fe4O− and Fe5O−. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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55
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Chen X, Luo Z, Li J, Ning C. Accurate Electron Affinity of Iron and Fine Structures of Negative Iron ions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24996. [PMID: 27138292 PMCID: PMC4853736 DOI: 10.1038/srep24996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionization potential (IP) is defined as the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an atom, while electron affinity (EA) is defined as the amount of energy released when an electron is attached to a neutral atom. Both IP and EA are critical for understanding chemical properties of an element. In contrast to accurate IPs and structures of neutral atoms, EAs and structures of negative ions are relatively unexplored, especially for the transition metal anions. Here, we report the accurate EA value of Fe and fine structures of Fe(-) using the slow electron velocity imaging method. These measurements yield a very accurate EA value of Fe, 1235.93(28) cm(-1) or 153.236(34) meV. The fine structures of Fe(-) were also successfully resolved. The present work provides a reliable benchmark for theoretical calculations, and also paves the way for improving the EA measurements of other transition metal atoms to the sub cm(-1) accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Zhihong Luo
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Chuangang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
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56
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Lu Z, Gao H, Xu YT, Yang L, Lam CS, Benitez Y, Ng CY. High-Resolution Threshold Photoelectron Spectroscopy by Vacuum Ultraviolet Laser Velocity-Map-Imaging Method. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1512247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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57
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Liu Y, Ning C. Calculation of photodetachment cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions of negative ions using density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:144310. [PMID: 26472382 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the development of photoelectron velocity map imaging makes it much easier to obtain the photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) experimentally. However, explanations of PADs are only qualitative in most cases, and very limited works have been reported on how to calculate PAD of anions. In the present work, we report a method using the density-functional-theory Kohn-Sham orbitals to calculate the photodetachment cross sections and the anisotropy parameter β. The spherical average over all random molecular orientation is calculated analytically. A program which can handle both the Gaussian type orbital and the Slater type orbital has been coded. The testing calculations on Li(-), C(-), O(-), F(-), CH(-), OH(-), NH2 (-), O2 (-), and S2 (-) show that our method is an efficient way to calculate the photodetachment cross section and anisotropy parameter β for anions, thus promising for large systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chuangang Ning
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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58
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Isomer-specific vibronic structure of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:1698-705. [PMID: 26792521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520862113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in various charge and protonation states, are key compounds relevant to combustion chemistry and astrochemistry. Here, we probe the vibrational and electronic spectroscopy of gas-phase 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals (C14H9) by photodetachment of the corresponding cryogenically cooled anions via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging (cryo-SEVI). The use of a newly designed velocity-map imaging lens in combination with ion cooling yields photoelectron spectra with <2 cm(-1) resolution. Isomer selection of the anions is achieved using gas-phase synthesis techniques, resulting in observation and interpretation of detailed vibronic structure of the ground and lowest excited states for the three anthracenyl radical isomers. The ground-state bands yield electron affinities and vibrational frequencies for several Franck-Condon active modes of the 9-, 1-, and 2-anthracenyl radicals; term energies of the first excited states of these species are also measured. Spectra are interpreted through comparison with ab initio quantum chemistry calculations, Franck-Condon simulations, and calculations of threshold photodetachment cross sections and anisotropies. Experimental measures of the subtle differences in energetics and relative stabilities of these radical isomers are of interest from the perspective of fundamental physical organic chemistry and aid in understanding their behavior and reactivity in interstellar and combustion environments. Additionally, spectroscopic characterization of these species in the laboratory is essential for their potential identification in astrochemical data.
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59
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Sjolander TF, Neumark DM, Kłos J, Alexander MH, Manolopoulos DE. Spectroscopic observation of resonances in the F + H
2
reaction. Science 2015; 349:510-3. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aac6939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Millard H. Alexander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
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60
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Wang LS. Perspective: Electrospray photoelectron spectroscopy: From multiply-charged anions to ultracold anions. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:040901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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61
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Weichman ML, Kim JB, Neumark DM. Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopy of the ortho-Hydroxyphenoxide Anion. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6140-7. [PMID: 25744814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report high-resolution photodetachment spectra of cryogenically cooled ortho-hydroxyphenoxide anions (o-HOC6H4O(-)) using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy (cryo-SEVI). We observe transitions to the three lowest-lying electronic states of the ortho-hydroxyphenoxy radical, and resolve detailed vibrational features. Comparison to Franck-Condon simulations allows for clear assignment of vibronic structure. We find an electron affinity of 2.3292(4) eV for the neutral X̃(2)A″ ground state, improving upon the accuracy of previous experiments. We measure term energies of 1.4574(7) eV and 1.5922(48) eV for the Ã(2)A' and B̃(2)A″ excited states respectively, representing their first resolution and clear assignment. Photodetachment threshold effects are considered to explain the structure of these bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- †Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,‡Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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62
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Qu Z, Li C, Qin Z, Zheng X, Yao G, Zhang X, Cui Z. The design of double electrostatic-lens optics for resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and photoelectron imaging experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:063106. [PMID: 26133827 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to single ion/electron-optics for velocity-map imaging, a double-focusing lens assembly designed not only allows for mapping velocity imaging of photoelectrons but also allows for investigating the vibrational structure of the intermediate states of neutral species in resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra. In this presentation, in order to record REMPI and photoelectron spectra separately, we have constructed a compact photoelectron velocity-map imaging (VMI) apparatus combined with an opposite linear Wiley-Mclaren time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). A mass resolution (m/Δm) of ∼1300 for TOFMS and electron energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 2.4% for VMI have been achieved upon three-photon ionization of Xe atom at 258.00 nm laser wavelength. As a benchmark, in combination of one-color (1 + 1) REMPI and photoelectron imaging of benzene via 6(1) and 6(1)1(1) vibronic levels in the S1 state, the vibrational structures of the cation and photoelectron angular anisotropy are unraveled. In addition, two-color (1 + 1') REMPI and photoelectron imaging of aniline was used to complete the accurate measurement of ionization potential (62,271 ± 3 cm(-1)). The results suggest that the apparatus is a powerful tool for studying photoionization dynamics in the photoelectron imaging using vibrational-state selected excitation to the intermediate states of neutrals based on REMPI technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Qu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Guanxin Yao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xianyi Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Zhifeng Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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63
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Qin Z, Li C, Qu Z, Tang Z. Note: A simple method to suppress the artificial noise for velocity map imaging spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:046102. [PMID: 25933900 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple method has been proposed to suppress artificial noise from the counts with respect to the central line (or point) for the reconstructed 3D images with cylindrical symmetry in the velocity-map imaging spectroscopy. A raw 2D projection around the z-axis (usually referred to as central line) for photodetachment, photoionization, or photodissociation experiments is pre-processed via angular tailored method to avoid the signal counts distributed near the central line (or point). Two types of photoelectron velocity-map imaging (O(-) and Au(-)⋅NH3) are demonstrated to give rise to the 3D images with significantly reduced central line noise after pre-processing operation. The major advantages of the pre-operation are the ability of suppression of central-line noise to resolve weak structures or vibrational excitation in atoms or molecules near photon threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Qin
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Qu
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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64
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Low-lying states of FeO and FeO−by slow photoelectron spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1005706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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65
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Weichman ML, Kim JB, DeVine JA, Levine DS, Neumark DM. Vibrational and Electronic Structure of the α- and β-Naphthyl Radicals via Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1420-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5124896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L. Weichman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jongjin B. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel S. Levine
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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66
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the Fe3O– and Co3O– anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4900646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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67
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Weber JM. The interaction of negative charge with carbon dioxide – insight into solvation, speciation and reductive activation from cluster studies. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2014.969554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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68
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León I, Yang Z, Liu HT, Wang LS. The design and construction of a high-resolution velocity-map imaging apparatus for photoelectron spectroscopy studies of size-selected clusters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:083106. [PMID: 25173245 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new velocity-map imaging apparatus equipped with a laser-vaporization supersonic cluster source and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer is described for high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy studies of size-selected cluster anions. Vibrationally cold anion clusters are produced using a laser-vaporization supersonic cluster source, size-selected by a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, and then focused co-linearly into the interaction zone of the high-resolution velocity-map imaging (VMI) system. The multilens VMI system is optimized via systematic simulations and can reach a resolution of 1.2 cm(-1) (FWHM) for near threshold electrons while maintaining photoelectron kinetic energy resolutions (ΔKE/KE) of ~0.53% for higher energy electrons. The new VMI lens has superior focusing power over a large energy range, yielding highly circular images with distortions no larger than 1.0025 between the long and short radii. The detailed design, simulation, construction, testing, and performance of the high-resolution VMI apparatus are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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69
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Qin Z, Cong R, Liu Z, Xie H, Tang Z, Fan H. An investigation into low-lying electronic states of HCS2 via threshold photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:214318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4879808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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70
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Structural Isomers of Ti2O4 and Zr2O4 Anions Identified by Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:7159-68. [DOI: 10.1021/ja502713v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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71
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Ng CY. State-to-State Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Ions and Neutrals by Photoionization and Photoelectron Methods. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2014; 65:197-224. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040412-110002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheuk-Yiu Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616;
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72
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Weichman ML, Kim JB, Neumark DM. Rovibronic structure in slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of CH2CN−and CD2CN−. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104305. [PMID: 24628167 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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73
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Vibronic structure of VO2 probed by slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:034307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4861667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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74
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Westermann T, Kim JB, Weichman ML, Hock C, Yacovitch TI, Palma J, Neumark DM, Manthe U. Resonances in the Entrance Channel of the Elementary Chemical Reaction of Fluorine and Methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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75
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Westermann T, Kim JB, Weichman ML, Hock C, Yacovitch TI, Palma J, Neumark DM, Manthe U. Resonances in the entrance channel of the elementary chemical reaction of fluorine and methane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1122-6. [PMID: 24307593 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extending the fully quantum-state-resolved description of elementary chemical reactions beyond three or four atom systems is a crucial issue in fundamental chemical research. Reactions of methane with F, Cl, H or O are key examples that have been studied prominently. In particular, reactive resonances and nonintuitive mode-selective chemistry have been reported in experimental studies for the F+CH4 →HF+CH3 reaction. By investigating this reaction using transition-state spectroscopy, this joint theoretical and experimental study provides a clear picture of resonances in the F+CH4 system. This picture is deduced from high-resolution slow electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) spectra and accurate full-dimensional (12D) quantum dynamics simulations in the picosecond regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Westermann
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld (Germany)
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76
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Rudnev V, González Ureña A. Discharge source coupled to a deceleration unit for anion beam generation: application to H2- photodetachment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:124102. [PMID: 24387447 DOI: 10.1063/1.4847076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A cathode discharge source coupled to a deceleration unit for anion beam generation is described. The discharge source, made of stainless steel or duralumin electrodes and Macor insulators, is attached to the exit nozzle valve plate at one end, and to an Einzel lens to the other end. Subsequently, a cylindrical retardation unit is attached to the Einzel lens to decelerate the ions in order to optimize the laser beam interaction time required for spectroscopic investigations. The compact device is able to produce beam intensities of the order of 2 × 10(12) anions/cm(2) s and 20 μrad of angular divergence with kinetic energies ranging from 30 to 120 eV. Using distinct gas mixtures for the supersonic expansion together with a linear time-of-flight spectrometer, anions of great relevance in molecular astrophysics like, for example, H2(-), C3H(-), C2(-), C2H(-), HCN2(-), CO2(-), CO2H(-), C4(-), C4H(-), C5H4(-), C5H6(-), C7N(-), and C10N(-) were produced. Finally, in order to demonstrate the capability of the experimental technique the photodetachment cross-section of the metastable H2(-), predominantly in the (v = 0, J = 26) state, was measured following laser excitation at λexc = 565 nm obtaining a value of σph = 0.04 Ų [corrected]. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that this anion cross-section has been measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rudnev
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Juan XXIII-1, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - A González Ureña
- Unidad de Láseres y Haces Moleculares, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Juan XXIII-1, Madrid 28040, Spain
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77
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Qin Z, Wu X, Tang Z. Design Near‐threshold Photoelectron Imaging Spectrometer Based on UV Laser Induced Photoelectron Emission Anion Source. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/26/06/774-779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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78
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Weichman ML, Kim JB, Neumark DM. Vibrational fine structure of C5 via anion slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:144314. [PMID: 24116626 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution anion photoelectron spectra of cryogenically cooled C5(-) clusters are reported using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy. We resolve vibronic transitions to the ν2 stretching mode and multiply excited ν5, ν6, and ν7 bending modes of neutral C5 with significantly higher accuracy than previous experiments. Weak transitions to Franck-Condon (FC) forbidden singly excited bending modes are made possible by Herzberg-Teller coupling between electronic states of the neutral cluster. In addition, we resolve vibrational fine structure corresponding to different angular momentum states of multiply excited bending modes. The observation of this multiplet structure, some of which is FC forbidden, is attributed to Renner-Teller coupling between vibrational levels in the C5(-) ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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79
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Yacovitch TI, Shih C, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the C9H7 (indenyl) and C13H9 (fluorenyl) anions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:104301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4820138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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80
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León I, Yang Z, Wang LS. High resolution photoelectron imaging of Au2−. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:184304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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81
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Spectroscopic study on nonradiative transition and ionization of 5-methylpyrimidine at S1 probed by the slow-electron velocity-map imaging (SEVI) technique. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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82
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Kim JB, Hock C, Yacovitch TI, Neumark DM. Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopy of Cold Thiozonide (S3–). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8126-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401083u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongjin B. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Christian Hock
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Tara I. Yacovitch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720, United States, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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83
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Kim JB, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. High-resolution anion photoelectron spectra of TiO2−, ZrO2−, and HfO2− obtained by slow electron velocity-map imaging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:20973-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Hock C, Kim JB, Weichman ML, Yacovitch TI, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cold negative ions. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:244201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4772406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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85
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Davies JA, Reid KL. Elucidating quantum number-dependent coupling matrix elements using picosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:193004. [PMID: 23215380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.193004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We measure quantum beating patterns of photoelectron intensity caused by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution following the excitation of a low-lying ring breathing state in S(1) parafluorotoluene. Analysis of the beating patterns reveals an exceptional sensitivity to details of the evolving wave packet which is found to contain two incoherent components, one of which rapidly dephases. This analysis enables the determination of coupling matrix elements, which are shown to depend strongly on torsional and rotational quantum numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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86
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Xu H, Jacovella U, Ruscic B, Pratt ST, Lucchese RR. Near-threshold shape resonance in the photoionization of 2-butyne. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:154303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3701762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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87
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Stanton JF, Garand E, Kim J, Yacovitch TI, Hock C, Case AS, Miller EM, Lu YJ, Vogelhuber KM, Wren SW, Ichino T, Maier JP, McMahon RJ, Osborn DL, Neumark DM, Lineberger WC. Ground and low-lying excited states of propadienylidene (H2C=C=C:) obtained by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:134312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3696896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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88
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Reid KL. Photoelectron angular distributions: developments in applications to isolated molecular systems. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.640292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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89
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Yacovitch TI, Garand E, Kim JB, Hock C, Theis T, Neumark DM. Vibrationally resolved transition state spectroscopy of the F + H2 and F + CH4 reactions. Faraday Discuss 2012; 157:399-414; discussion 475-500. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fd20011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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90
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Gao H, Xu Y, Yang L, Lam CS, Wang H, Zhou J, Ng CY. High-resolution threshold photoelectron study of the propargyl radical by the vacuum ultraviolet laser velocity-map imaging method. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:224304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3664864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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91
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Goebbert DJ. A theoretical study of boron tetrahalides: Structures and electron affinities. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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92
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Grumbling ER, Sanov A. Solvation effects on angular distributions in H−(NH3)n and NH2−(NH3)n photodetachment: Role of solute electronic structure. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:164301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3653232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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93
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Davies JA, Reid KL. Intramolecular vibrational dynamics in S1 p-fluorotoluene. I. Direct observation of doorway states. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:124305. [PMID: 21974520 DOI: 10.1063/1.3638689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Picosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is used to investigate intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR) following excitation of S(1) 18a(1) in p-fluorotoluene (pFT) at an internal energy of 845 cm(-1), where ν(18a) is a ring bending vibrational mode. Characteristic oscillations with periods of 8 ps and 5 ps are observed in the photoelectron signal and attributed to coupling between the initially excited zero-order bright state and two doorway states. Values for the coupling coefficients connecting these three vibrational states have been determined. In addition, an exponential change in photoelectron signal with a lifetime of 17 ps is attributed to weaker couplings with a bath of dark states that play a more significant role during the latter stages of IVR. A tier model has been used to assign the most strongly coupled doorway state to S(1) 17a(1) 6a(2)('), where ν(17a) is a CH out-of-plane vibrational mode and 6a(2)(') is a methyl torsional level. This assignment signifies that a torsion-vibration coupling mechanism mediates the observed dynamics, thus demonstrating the important role played by the methyl torsional mode in accelerating IVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Davies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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94
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Garand E, Neumark DM. Study of RgS− and RgS (Rg = Ne, Ar, and Kr) via slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3605595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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95
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Adams CL, Weber JM. Photoelectron imaging spectroscopy of nitroethane anions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3602467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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96
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Yacovitch TI, Kim JB, Garand E, van der Poll DG, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the n-methylvinoxide anion. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:134307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3572269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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97
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Kim JB, Yacovitch TI, Hock C, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of the phenoxide and thiophenoxide anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17378-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22211b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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98
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Ning CG, Dau PD, Wang LS. Guiding electron emissions by excess negative charges in multiply charged molecular anions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:263001. [PMID: 21231651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Using photoelectron imaging, we show the effects of excess negative charges on the directions of outgoing electrons in multiply charged anions. Photoemissions are observed to occur either in a perpendicular or parallel direction, depending on the molecular configurations and origins of the detached electrons. Detachment of the π electrons from biphenyl-disulfonate dianions is shown to occur in a perpendicular direction due to the Coulomb repulsion from the two terminal charges, whereas detachment from the sulfonate groups in linear aliphatic disulfonates occurs in parallel directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Gang Ning
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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99
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Harb MM, Cohen S, Papalazarou E, Lépine F, Bordas C. Transfer-matrix-based method for an analytical description of velocity-map-imaging spectrometers. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2010; 81:125111. [PMID: 21198055 DOI: 10.1063/1.3505799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a simple and general analytical model describing the operation of a velocity-map-imaging spectrometer. We show that such a spectrometer, possibly equipped with a magnifying lens, can be efficiently modeled by combining analytical expressions for the axial potential distributions along with a transfer matrix method. The model leads transparently to the prediction of the instrument's operating conditions as well as to its resolution. A photoelectron velocity-map-imaging spectrometer with a magnifying lens, built and operated along the lines suggested by the model has been successfully employed for recording images at threshold photoionization of atomic lithium. The model's reliability is demonstrated by the fairly good agreement between experimental results and calculations. Finally, the limitations of the analytical method along with possible generalizations, extensions, and potential applications are also discussed. The model may serve as a guide for users interested in building and operating such spectrometers as well as a tutorial tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Harb
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5579, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie Ionique et Moléculaire, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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100
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Wu X, Qin ZB, Xie H, Wu XH, Cong R, Tang ZC. Collinear Velocity-map Photoelectron Imaging Spectrometer for Cluster Anions. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/23/04/373-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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