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Lin YR, Mok HK, Wu YH, Liang SS, Hsiao CC, Huang CH, Chiou SH. Comparative proteomics analysis of degenerative eye lenses of nocturnal rice eel and catfish as compared to diurnal zebrafish. Mol Vis 2013; 19:623-37. [PMID: 23559856 PMCID: PMC3611949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the lens crystallin diversity of degenerative eyes from the rice eel (Monopterus albus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) as compared to that of zebrafish (Danio rerio) by using comparative proteomics methodologies. We endeavored to investigate the evolution of vertebrate lenses particularly concerning the functional loss of lenses in degenerative eyes of rice eels and catfishes living under an environment of perpetual darkness. METHODS Fish lenses were collected and homogenized to extract total soluble proteins. The protein mixtures were separated by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1D or 2D gel), plus the newer gel-free shotgun proteomic strategy, followed by in-gel digestion and subjection of the digested protein bands or spots to liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The proteomics data were analyzed and compared based on the proteomics databank of zebrafish. The soluble lens protein solutions of three piscine species were also processed by gel-filtration chromatography and 1D sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the comparison and validation of various crystallin families, e.g., α-, β-, and γ-crystallins. RESULTS In zebrafish eye lenses, γ-crystallin constituted about 71% and α- and β-crystallins comprised 30% of total lens proteins. In rice eel lenses, very little or almost no α-crystallins were detected and β- and γ-crystallins comprised more than 98% of total lens proteins. In catfish lenses, α- and β-crystallins comprised about 40% and γ-crystallin constitutes 60% of total lens proteins. It was of interest to find that α-crystallin was totally absent in the rice eel in contrast to the presence, albeit with very low amounts, of α-crystallin in similarly nocturnal catfish. The ratio of α-crystallin subunits (αA/αB) was found to be about 20:1 for the catfish lens, in great contrast to the ratio of about 3:1 found for most mammalian lenses. In contrast, β- and γ-crystallins were more abundant in lenses of these three piscine species, similar to mammalian lenses. By proteomics analysis, the most abundant β-crystallins were found to comprise a diverse group of βA1a, βA1-2, βA2a, βA2-2, βA4, βB1, βB2, and βB3 subunit crystallins; the monomeric γ-crystallin class contains γB, γD, γM2, γM3, γM5, γM7, γN-A, γN-B, γS1, and γS2 crystallins. CONCLUSIONS In cave or nocturnal animals, the eye is sometimes reduced or eliminated because of adaptation to life in visual darkness. The comparative proteomics analysis of degenerative and normal lenses forms a firm molecular basis to investigate further the evolution of piscine lenses in the future. The total numbers of α-, β-, and γ-crystallins in the three fish species as revealed by the current proteomics methodology clearly indicate the complexity and diversity of crystallin species present in the piscine class of vertebrates. The unexpected finding that α-crystallin is absent in the degenerative eye lenses of rice eel may have some bearing on the chaperone function of α-crystallin in regard to its protective role of preventing protein aggregation in diurnal vertebrate lenses to maintain functional transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Reng Lin
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hin-Kiu Mok
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat- Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Heng Wu
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Genomic and Proteomic Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Horng Chiou
- Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Up-regulation of neutrophil activating protein in Helicobacter pylori under high-salt stress: structural and phylogenetic comparison with bacterial iron-binding ferritins. Biochimie 2013; 95:1136-45. [PMID: 23352965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that most gastrointestinal diseases are probably caused by the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). In this study we have focused on the comparison of protein expression profiles of H. pylori grown under normal and high-salt conditions by a proteomics approach. We have identified about 190 proteins whose expression levels changed after growth at high salt concentration. Among these proteins, neutrophil-activating protein (NapA) was found to be consistently up-regulated under osmotic stress brought by high salts. We have investigated the effect of high salt on secondary and tertiary structures of NapA by circular dichroism spectroscopy followed by analytical ultracentrifugation to monitor the change of quaternary structure of recombinant NapA with increasing salt concentration. The loss of iron-binding activity of NapA coupled with noticeable energetic variation in protein association of NapA as revealed by isothermal titration calorimetry was found under high salt condition. The phylogenetic tree analysis based on sequence comparison of 16 protein sequences encompassing NapA proteins and ferritin of H. pylori and other prokaryotic organisms pointed to the fact that all H. pylori NapA proteins of human origin are more homologous to NapA of Helicobacter genus than to other bacterial NapA. Based on computer modeling, NapA proteins from H. pylori of human isolates are found more similar to ferritin from H. pylori than to NapA from other species of bacteria. Taken together, these results suggested that divergent evolution of NapA and ferritin possessing dissimilar and diverse sequences follows a path distinct from that of convergent evolution of NapA and ferritin with similar dual functionality of iron-binding and ferroxidase activities.
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Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of profound importance in food production and infection medicine. LAB do not rely on heme (protoheme IX) for growth and are unable to synthesize this cofactor but are generally able to assemble a small repertoire of heme-containing proteins if heme is provided from an exogenous source. These features are in contrast to other bacteria, which synthesize their heme or depend on heme for growth. We here present the cellular function of heme proteins so far identified in LAB and discuss their biogenesis as well as applications of the extraordinary heme physiology of LAB.
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Bang YJ, Oh MH, Choi SH. Distinct characteristics of two 2-Cys peroxiredoxins of Vibrio vulnificus suggesting differential roles in detoxifying oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42516-24. [PMID: 23095744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.421214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are ubiquitous antioxidant enzymes reducing toxic peroxides. Two distinct 2-Cys Prxs, Prx1 and Prx2, were identified in Vibrio vulnificus, a facultative aerobic pathogen. Both Prxs have two conserved catalytic cysteines, C(P) and C(R), but Prx2 is more homologous in amino acid sequences to eukaryotic Prx than to Prx1. Prx2 utilized thioredoxin A as a reductant, whereas Prx1 required AhpF. Prx2 contained GGIG and FL motifs similar to the motifs conserved in sensitive Prxs and exhibited sensitivity to overoxidation. MS analysis and C(P)-SO(3)H specific immunoblotting demonstrated overoxidation of C(P) to C(P)-SO(2)H (or C(P)-SO(3)H) in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In contrast, Prx1 was robust and C(P) was not overoxidized. Discrete expression of the Prxs implied that Prx2 is induced by trace amounts of H(2)O(2) and thereby residential in cells grown aerobically. In contrast, Prx1 was occasionally expressed only in cells exposed to high levels of H(2)O(2). A mutagenesis study indicated that lack of Prx2 accumulated sufficient H(2)O(2) to induce Prx1. Kinetic properties indicated that Prx2 effectively scavenges low levels of peroxides because of its high affinity to H(2)O(2), whereas Prx1 quickly degrades higher levels of peroxides because of its high turnover rate and more efficient reactivation. This study revealed that the two Prxs are differentially optimized for detoxifying distinct ranges of H(2)O(2), and proposed that Prx2 is a residential scavenger of peroxides endogenously generated, whereas Prx1 is an occasional scavenger of peroxides exogenously encountered. Furthermore, genome sequence database search predicted widespread coexistence of the two Prxs among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Bang
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food Safety and Toxicology, and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, South Korea
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Silva FDA, Vasconcelos IM, Lobo MDP, de Castro PG, Magalhães VG, de Freitas CDT, Carlini CRRS, Pinto PM, Beltramini LM, Filho JHA, Barros EB, Alencar LMR, Grangeiro TB, Oliveira JTA. Biochemical, physicochemical and molecular characterization of a genuine 2-Cys-peroxiredoxin purified from cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] leaves. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1128-40. [PMID: 23077739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxiredoxins have diverse functions in cellular defense-signaling pathways. 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins (2-Cys-Prx) reduce H2O2 and alkyl-hydroperoxide. This study describes the purification and characterization of a genuine 2-Cys-Prx from Vigna unguiculata (Vu-2-Cys-Prx). METHODS Vu-2-Cys-Prx was purified from leaves by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chitin affinity and ion exchange chromatography. RESULTS Vu-2-Cys-Prx reduces H2O2 using NADPH and DTT. Vu-2-Cys-Prx is a 44 kDa (SDS-PAGE)/46 kDa (exclusion chromatography) protein that appears as a 22 kDa molecule under reducing conditions, indicating that it is a homodimer linked intermolecularly by disulfide bonds and has a pI range of 4.56–4.72; its NH2-terminal sequence was similar to 2-Cys-Prx from Phaseolus vulgaris (96%) and Populus tricocarpa (96%). Analysis by ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS showed a molecular mass/pI of 28.622 kDa/5.18. Vu-2-Cys-Prx has 8% α-helix, 39% β-sheet, 22% of turns and 31% of unordered forms. Vu-2-Cys-Prx was heat stable, has optimal activity at pH 7.0, and prevented plasmid DNA degradation. Atomic force microscopy shows that Vu-2-Cys-Prx oligomerized in decamers which might be associated with its molecular chaperone activity that prevented denaturation of insulin and citrate synthase. Its cDNA analysis showed that the redox-active Cys52 residue and the amino acids Pro45, Thr49 and Arg128 are conserved as in other 2-Cys-Prx. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The biochemical and molecular features of Vu-2-Cys-Prx are similar to other members of 2-Cys-Prx family. To date, only one publication reported on the purification of native 2-Cys-Prx from leaves and the subsequent analysis by N-terminal Edman sequencing, which is crucial for construction of stromal recombinant 2-Cys-Prx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy D A Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, CE, Brazil
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Mehmood K, Hasan F. Construction and use of a prokaryotic expression system for Helicobacter pylori AhpC. BMC Res Notes 2012; 5:328. [PMID: 22731891 PMCID: PMC3439327 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen responsible for human gastric problems like inflammation, ulcers and cancer. It is widely prevalent in developing countries with low socioeconomic status. Since the infection remains asymptomatic in most individuals, efforts for efficient diagnostic markers to identify high risk patients are warranted. In this study, we constructed an expression vector that overexpresses the H. pylori AhpC protein as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein. We furthermore examined whether this recombinant fusion protein retained immunogenicity and thus would be useful as a diagnostic marker. Findings The full-length tsaA gene from H. pylori strain G27, which encodes AhpC, was cloned in plasmid vector pGEX-6P-2 to create the recombinant plasmid vector pGEX-tsaA. The nucleotide sequence of the clone showed 100% homology with corresponding published sequence of original gene. Over-expression of the target protein GST-AhpC was achieved in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells by induction with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG). GST-AhpC was extracted and identified using SDS-PAGE as a 52 kDa protein. Western blotting results using commercial antibodies against whole cell H. pylori showed that the fusion protein retained immunogenecity. Conclusion A recombinant prokaryotic expression system was successfully established with high expression efficiency for target fusion gene pGEX-tsaA. The expressed GST-AhpC protein showed immunoreactivity against commercial anti-H. pylori antibodies. This recombinant fusion protein can be developed as a diagnostic marker for screening patients with chronic H. pylori infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase: a candidate Helicobacter pylori vaccine. Vaccine 2012; 30:3876-84. [PMID: 22512976 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most important etiological agent of chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) and mannosylated AhpC (mAhpC) as candidate vaccines in the C57BL/6J mouse model of H. pylori infection. Recombinant AhpC was cloned, over-expressed and purified in an unmodified form and was also engineered to incorporate N and C-terminal mannose residues when expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Mice were immunized systemically and mucosally with AhpC and systemically with mAhpC prior to challenge with H. pylori. Serum IgG responses to AhpC were determined and quantitative culture was used to determine the efficacy of vaccination strategies. Systemic prophylactic immunization with AhpC/alum and mAhpC/alum conferred protection against infection in 55% and 77.3% of mice, respectively. Mucosal immunization with AhpC/cholera toxin did not protect against infection and elicited low levels of serum IgG in comparison with systemic immunization. These data support the use of AhpC as a potential vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection.
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Lian FM, Yu J, Ma XX, Yu XJ, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Structural snapshots of yeast alkyl hydroperoxide reductase Ahp1 peroxiredoxin reveal a novel two-cysteine mechanism of electron transfer to eliminate reactive oxygen species. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17077-17087. [PMID: 22474296 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.357368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are thiol-specific antioxidant proteins that protect cells against reactive oxygen species and are involved in cellular signaling pathways. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase Ahp1 belongs to the Prx5 subfamily and is a two-cysteine (2-Cys) Prx that forms an intermolecular disulfide bond. Enzymatic assays and bioinformatics enabled us to re-assign the peroxidatic cysteine (C(P)) to Cys-62 and the resolving cysteine (C(R)) to Cys-31 but not the previously reported Cys-120. Thus Ahp1 represents the first 2-Cys Prx with a peroxidatic cysteine after the resolving cysteine in the primary sequence. We also found the positive cooperativity of the substrate t-butyl hydroperoxide binding to Ahp1 homodimer at a Hill coefficient of ∼2, which enabled Ahp1 to eliminate hydroperoxide at much higher efficiency. To gain the structural insights into the catalytic cycle of Ahp1, we determined the crystal structures of Ahp1 in the oxidized, reduced, and Trx2-complexed forms at 2.40, 2.91, and 2.10 Å resolution, respectively. Structural superposition of the oxidized to the reduced form revealed significant conformational changes at the segments containing C(P) and C(R). An intermolecular C(P)-C(R) disulfide bond crossing the A-type dimer interface distinguishes Ahp1 from other typical 2-Cys Prxs. The structure of the Ahp1-Trx2 complex showed for the first time how the electron transfers from thioredoxin to a peroxidase with a thioredoxin-like fold. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis in combination with enzymatic assays suggested that the peroxidase activity of Ahp1 would be altered upon the urmylation (covalently conjugated to ubiquitin-related modifier Urm1) of Lys-32.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ming Lian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
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Stent A, Every AL, Sutton P. Helicobacter pylori defense against oxidative attack. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G579-87. [PMID: 22194421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00495.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic, gram-negative pathogen of the human stomach. Despite the chronic active gastritis that develops following colonization, H. pylori is able to persist unharmed in the stomach for decades. Much of the damage caused by gastric inflammation results from the accumulation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species within the stomach environment, which can induce oxidative damage in a wide range of biological molecules. Without appropriate defenses, this oxidative damage would be able to rapidly kill nearby H. pylori, but the organism employs a range of measures, including antioxidant enzymes, biological repair systems, and inhibitors of oxidant generation, to counter the attack. Despite the variety of measures employed to defend against oxidative injury, these processes are intimately interdependent, and any deficiency within the antioxidant system is generally sufficient to cause substantial impairment of H. pylori viability and persistence. This review provides an overview of the development of oxidative stress during H. pylori gastritis and examines the methods the organism uses to survive the resultant damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stent
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Day AM, Brown JD, Taylor SR, Rand JD, Morgan BA, Veal EA. Inactivation of a peroxiredoxin by hydrogen peroxide is critical for thioredoxin-mediated repair of oxidized proteins and cell survival. Mol Cell 2012; 45:398-408. [PMID: 22245228 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (Prx) are abundant antioxidant enzymes whose thioredoxin peroxidase activity plays an important role in protecting against oxidative stress, aging, and cancer. Paradoxically, this thioredoxin peroxidase activity is highly sensitive to inactivation by peroxide-induced Prx hyperoxidation. However, any possible advantage in preventing Prx from removing peroxides under oxidative stress conditions has remained obscure. Here we demonstrate that, in cells treated with hydrogen peroxide, the Prx Tpx1 is a major substrate for thioredoxin in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe and, as such, competitively inhibits thioredoxin-mediated reduction of other oxidized proteins. Consequently, we reveal that the hyperoxidation of Tpx1 is critical to allow thioredoxin to act on other substrates ensuring repair of oxidized proteins and cell survival following exposure to toxic levels of hydrogen peroxide. We conclude that the inactivation of the thioredoxin peroxidase activity of Prx is important to maintain thioredoxin activity and cell viability under oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Day
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne and Wear, UK
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Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase is required for Helicobacter cinaedi intestinal colonization and survival under oxidative stress in BALB/c and BALB/c interleukin-10-/- mice. Infect Immun 2011; 80:921-8. [PMID: 22184416 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05477-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter cinaedi, a common human intestinal bacterium, has been implicated in various enteric and systemic diseases in normal and immunocompromised patients. Protection against oxidative stress is a crucial component of bacterium-host interactions. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C (AhpC) is an enzyme responsible for detoxification of peroxides and is important in protection from peroxide-induced stress. H. cinaedi possesses a single ahpC, which was investigated with respect to its role in bacterial survival during oxidative stress. The H. cinaedi ahpC mutant had diminished resistance to organic hydroperoxide toxicity but increased hydrogen peroxide resistance compared with the wild-type (WT) strain. The mutant also exhibited an oxygen-sensitive phenotype and was more susceptible to killing by macrophages than the WT strain. In vivo experiments in BALB/c and BALB/c interleukin-10 (IL-10)(-/-) mice revealed that the cecal colonizing ability of the ahpC mutant was significantly reduced. The mutant also had diminished ability to induce bacterium-specific immune responses in vivo, as shown by immunoglobulin (IgG2a and IgG1) serum levels. Collectively, these data suggest that H. cinaedi ahpC not only contributes to protecting the organism against oxidative stress but also alters its pathogenic properties in vivo.
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Huang CH, Chiou SH. Proteomic analysis of upregulated proteins in Helicobacter pylori under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:544-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Seasonal variation in the hepatoproteome of the dehydration and freeze-tolerant wood frog, Rana sylvatica. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8406-14. [PMID: 22272080 PMCID: PMC3257077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Winter’s advent invokes physiological adjustments that permit temperate ectotherms to cope with stresses such as food shortage, water deprivation, hypoxia, and hypothermia. We used liquid chromatography (LC) in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) quantitative isobaric (iTRAQ™) peptide mapping to assess variation in the abundance of hepatic proteins in summer- and winter-acclimatized wood frogs (Rana sylvatica), a northerly-distributed species that tolerates extreme dehydration and tissue freezing during hibernation. Thirty-three unique proteins exhibited strong seasonal lability. Livers of winter frogs had relatively high levels of proteins involved in cytoprotection, including heat-shock proteins and an antioxidant, and a reduced abundance of proteins involved in cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial function. They also exhibited altered levels of certain metabolic enzymes that participate in the biochemical reorganization associated with aphagia and reliance on energy reserves, as well as the freezing mobilization and post-thaw recovery of glucose, an important cryoprotective solute in freezing adaptation.
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Bhatt I, Tripathi B. Plant peroxiredoxins: Catalytic mechanisms, functional significance and future perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:850-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress on Phagocytes’ Function: from Effective Defense to Immunity Evasion Mechanisms. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011; 59:441-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-011-0144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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An BC, Lee SS, Lee JT, Hong SH, Wi SG, Chung BY. Engineering of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin for enhanced stress-tolerance. Mol Cells 2011; 32:257-64. [PMID: 21773675 PMCID: PMC3887637 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-1047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx)-like protein (PpPrx) that alternatively acts as a peroxidase or a molecular chaperone in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 was previously characterized. The dual functions of PpPrx are regulated by the existence of an additional Cys(112) between the active Cys(51) and Cys(171) residues. In the present study, additional Cys residues (Cys(31), Cys(112), and Cys(192)) were added to PpPrx variants to improve their enzymatic function. The optimal position of the additional Cys residues for the dual functionality was assessed. The peroxidase activities of the S31C and Y192C mutants were increased 3- to 4-fold compared to the wild-type, while the chaperone activity was maintained at > 66% of PpPrx. To investigate whether optimization of the dual functions could enhance stress-tolerance in vivo, a complementation study was performed. The S31C and Y192C mutants showed a much greater tolerance than other variants under a complex condition of heat and oxidative stresses. The optimized dual functions of PpPrx could be adapted for use in bioengineering systems and industries, such as to develop organisms that are more resistant to extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Seung Gon Wi
- Bio-Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Basmarke-Wehelie R, Sjölinder H, Jurkowski W, Elofsson A, Arnqvist A, Engstrand L, Hagner M, Wallin E, Guan N, Kuranasekera H, Aro H, Jonsson AB. The complement regulator CD46 is bactericidal to Helicobacter pylori and blocks urease activity. Gastroenterology 2011; 141:918-28. [PMID: 21699774 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS CD46 is a C3b/C4b binding complement regulator and a receptor for several human pathogens. We examined the interaction between CD46 and Helicobacter pylori (a bacterium that colonizes the human gastric mucosa and causes gastritis), peptic ulcers, and cancer. METHODS Using gastric epithelial cells, we analyzed a set of H pylori strains and mutants for their ability to interact with CD46 and/or influence CD46 expression. Bacterial interaction with full-length CD46 and small CD46 peptides was evaluated by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and bacterial survival analyses. RESULTS H pylori infection caused shedding of CD46 into the extracellular environment. A soluble form of CD46 bound to H pylori and inhibited growth, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, by interacting with urease and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, which are essential bacterial pathogenicity-associated factors. Binding of CD46 or CD46-derived synthetic peptides blocked the urease activity and ability of bacteria to survive in acidic environments. Oral administration of one CD46 peptide eradicated H pylori from infected mice. CONCLUSIONS CD46 is an antimicrobial agent that can eradicate H pylori. CD46 peptides might be developed to treat H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Basmarke-Wehelie
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Toxicology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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68
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Steeves CH, Potrykus J, Barnett DA, Bearne SL. Oxidative stress response in the opportunistic oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum. Proteomics 2011; 11:2027-37. [PMID: 21563313 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The anaerobic, Gram-negative bacillus Fusobacterium nucleatum plays a vital role in oral biofilm formation and the development of periodontal disease. The organism plays a central bridging role between early and late colonizers within dental plaque and plays a protective role against reactive oxygen species. Using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry approach, we have annotated 78 proteins within the proteome of F. nucleatum subsp. nucleatum and identified those proteins whose apparent intracellular concentrations change in response to either O(2)- or H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Three major protein systems were altered in response to oxidative stress: (i) proteins of the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase/thioredoxin reductase system were increased in intracellular concentration; (ii) glycolytic enzymes were modified by oxidation (i.e. D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and fructose 6-phosphate aldolase) or increased in intracellular concentration, with an accompanying decrease in ATP production; and (iii) the intracellular concentrations of molecular chaperone proteins and related proteins (i.e. ClpB, DnaK, HtpG, and HrcA) were increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig H Steeves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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69
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Hall A, Nelson K, Poole LB, Karplus PA. Structure-based insights into the catalytic power and conformational dexterity of peroxiredoxins. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:795-815. [PMID: 20969484 PMCID: PMC3125576 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), some of nature's dominant peroxidases, use a conserved Cys residue to reduce peroxides. They are highly expressed in organisms from all kingdoms, and in eukaryotes they participate in hydrogen peroxide signaling. Seventy-two Prx structures have been determined that cover much of the diversity of the family. We review here the current knowledge and show that Prxs can be effectively classified by a structural/evolutionary organization into six subfamilies followed by specification of a 1-Cys or 2-Cys mechanism, and for 2-Cys Prxs, the structural location of the resolving Cys. We visualize the varied catalytic structural transitions and highlight how they differ depending on the location of the resolving Cys. We also review new insights into the question of how Prxs are such effective catalysts: the enzyme activates not only the conserved Cys thiolate but also the peroxide substrate. Moreover, the hydrogen-bonding network created by the four residues conserved in all Prx active sites stabilizes the transition state of the peroxidatic S(N)2 displacement reaction. Strict conservation of the peroxidatic active site along with the variation in structural transitions provides a fascinating picture of how the diverse Prxs function to break down peroxide substrates rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hall
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Kimberly Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - P. Andrew Karplus
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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70
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Alkylhydroperoxide reductase of Helicobacter pylori as a biomarker for gastric patients with different pathological manifestations. Biochimie 2011; 93:1115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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71
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An BC, Lee SS, Lee EM, Lee JT, Wi SG, Jung HS, Park W, Lee SY, Chung BY. Functional switching of a novel prokaryotic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin (PpPrx) under oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2011; 16:317-28. [PMID: 21104173 PMCID: PMC3077232 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-010-0243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many proteins have been isolated from eukaryotes as redox-sensitive proteins, but whether these proteins are present in prokaryotes is not clear. Redox-sensitive proteins contain disulfide bonds, and their enzymatic activity is modulated by redox in vivo. In the present study, we used thiol affinity purification and mass spectrometry to isolate and identify 19 disulfide-bond-containing proteins in Pseudomonas putida exposed to potential oxidative damages. Among these proteins, we found that a typical 2-Cys Prx-like protein (designated PpPrx) displays diversity in structure and apparent molecular weight (MW) and can act as both a peroxidase and a molecular chaperone. We also identified a regulatory factor involved in this structural and functional switching. Exposure of pseudomonads to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) caused the protein structures of PpPrx to convert from high MW complexes to low MW forms, triggering a chaperone-to-peroxidase functional switch. This structural switching was primarily guided by the thioredoxin system. Thus, the peroxidase efficiency of PpPrx is clearly associated with its ability to form distinct protein structures in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 South Korea
| | - Seung Sik Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 South Korea
| | - Jae Taek Lee
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 South Korea
| | - Seung Gon Wi
- Bio-Energy Research Institute, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-757 South Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Eoeun-dong, Daejeon, 305-333 South Korea
| | - Woojun Park
- Division of Environmental Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Anam dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-701 South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701 South Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1266 Sinjeong-dong, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do 580-185 South Korea
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72
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Aran M, Ferrero D, Wolosiuk A, Mora-García S, Wolosiuk RA. ATP and Mg2+ promote the reversible oligomerization and aggregation of chloroplast 2-Cys peroxiredoxin. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:23441-51. [PMID: 21525006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.239434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins (2-Cys Prxs) are ubiquitous peroxidases with important roles in cellular antioxidant defense and hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling. Post-translational modifications of conserved cysteines cause the transition from low to high molecular weight oligomers, triggering the functional change from peroxidase to molecular chaperone. However, it remains unclear how non-covalent interactions of 2-Cys Prx with metabolites modulate the quaternary structure. Here, we disclose that ATP and Mg(2+) (ATP/Mg) promote the self-polymerization of chloroplast 2-Cys Prx (polypeptide 23.5 kDa) into soluble higher order assemblies (>2 MDa) that proceed to insoluble aggregates beyond 5 mM ATP. Remarkably, the withdrawal of ATP or Mg(2+) brings soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates back to the native conformation without compromising the associated functions. As confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, ATP/Mg drive the toroid-like decamers (diameter 13 nm) to the formation of large sphere-like particles (diameter ∼30 nm). Circular dichroism studies on ATP-labeled 2-Cys Prx reveal that ATP/Mg enhance the proportion of β-sheets with the concurrent decrease in the content of α-helices. In line with this observation, the formation of insoluble aggregates is strongly prevented by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, a cosolvent employed to induce α-helical conformations. We further find that the response of self-polymerization to ATP/Mg departs abruptly from that of the associated peroxidase and chaperone activities when two highly conserved residues, Arg(129) and Arg(152), are mutated. Collectively, our data uncover that non-covalent interactions of ATP/Mg with 2-Cys Prx modulate dynamically the quaternary structure, thereby coupling the non-redox chemistry of cell energy with redox transformations at cysteine residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Aran
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas-Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Depto. Química Biológica-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Patricias Argentinas 435, C1405BWE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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73
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Vitoriano I, Rocha-Gonçalves A, Carvalho T, Oleastro M, Calado CRC, Roxo-Rosa M. Antigenic diversity among Portuguese clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2011; 16:153-68. [PMID: 21435094 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2011.00825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gastroduodenal pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is characterized by an unusual extent of genetic heterogeneity. This dictates differences in the antigenic pattern of strains resulting in heterogeneous human humoral immune responses. Here, we examined the antigenic variability among a group of 10 strains isolated from Portuguese patients differing in age, gender, and H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Immunoassays were performed on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels obtained for the proteome of each strain, using a commercial pool of antibodies produced in rabbit, against the whole cell lysate of an Australian H. pylori strain. Relevant proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Immunoproteomes of the Portuguese strains showed no correlation between the number of antigenic proteins or the antigenic profile, and the disease to which each strain was associated. The Heat shock protein B was the unique immunoreactive protein common to all of them. Additionally, seven proteins were found to be antigenic in at least 80% of strains: enoyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase (NADH); Catalase; Flagellin A; 2 isoforms of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase; succinyl-CoA transferase subunit B; and an unidentified protein. These proteins were present in the proteome of all tested strains, suggesting that differences in their antigenicity are related to antigenic variance. CONCLUSIONS This study showed evidence of the variability of antigenic pattern among H. pylori strains. We believe that this fact contributes to the failure of anti-H. pylori vaccines and the low accuracy of serological tests based on a low number of proteins or antigens of only one strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vitoriano
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rio de Mouro, Portugal Chymiotechnon, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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74
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Felício AP, de Oliveira E, Odena MA, Garcia O, Bertolini MC, Ferraz LFC, Ottoboni LMM, Novo MTM. Differential proteomic analysis of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells maintained in contact with bornite or chalcopyrite: Proteins involved with the early bacterial response. Process Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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75
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Chiou SH, Wu CY. Clinical proteomics: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:1-14. [PMID: 21329886 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This account will give an overview and evaluation of the current advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics platforms and technology. A general review of some background information concerning the application of these methods in the characterization of molecular sizes and related protein expression profiles associated with different types of cells under varied experimental conditions will be presented. It is intended to provide a concise and succinct overview to those clinical researchers first exposed to this foremost powerful methodology in modern life sciences of postgenomic era. Proteomic characterization using highly sophisticated and expensive instrumentation of MS has been used to characterize biological samples of complex protein mixtures with vastly different protein structure and composition. These systems are then used to highlight the versatility and potential of the MS-based proteomic strategies for facilitating protein expression analysis of various disease-related organisms or tissues of interest. Major MS-based strategies reviewed herein include (1) matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-MS and electron-spray ionization proteomics; (2) one-dimensional or two-dimensional gel-based proteomics; (3) gel-free shotgun proteomics in conjunction with liquid chromatography/tandem MS; (4) Multiple reaction monitoring coupled tandem MS quantitative proteomics and; (5) Phosphoproteomics based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography and liquid chromatography-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyh-Horng Chiou
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Center for Research Resources and Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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76
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An BC, Lee SS, Wi SG, Bai HW, Lee SY, Chung BY. Improvement of chaperone activity of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin using gamma ray. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:694-700. [PMID: 22104267 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A typical 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) PaPrx can act alternatively as thioredoxin (Trx)-dependent peroxidase and molecular chaperone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. In addition, the functional switch of PaPrx is regulated by its structural change which is dependently induced by stress conditions. In the present study, we examined the effect of gamma ray on structural modification related to chaperone activity of PaPrx. The structural change of PaPrx occupied with gamma ray irradiation (2 kGy) based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis and the functional change also began. The enhanced chaperone activity was increased about 3-4 folds at 30 kGy gamma irradiation compared with nonirradiated PaPrx, while the peroxidase activity was significantly decreased. We also investigated the influence of the gamma ray on protein hydrophobicity as related to chaperone function. The exposure of hydrophobic domains reached a peak at 30 kGy gamma ray and then decreased dependently with increasing gamma irradiation. Our results suggest that highly enhanced chaperone activity could be adapted for use in bio-engineering systems and industrial applications such as enzyme stabilization during industrial process (inactivation protection), improvement of useful protein productivity (refolding and secretion) and industrial animal cell cultivation (stress protection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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77
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Bernarde C, Lehours P, Lasserre JP, Castroviejo M, Bonneu M, Mégraud F, Ménard A. Complexomics study of two Helicobacter pylori strains of two pathological origins: potential targets for vaccine development and new insight in bacteria metabolism. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2796-826. [PMID: 20610778 PMCID: PMC3101863 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection plays a causal role in the development of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (LG-MALT) and duodenal ulcer (DU). Although many virulence factors have been associated with DU, many questions remain unanswered regarding the evolution of the infection toward this exceptional event, LG-MALT. The present study describes and compares the complexome of two H. pylori strains, strain J99 associated with DU and strain B38 associated with LG-MALT, using the two-dimensional blue native/SDS-PAGE method. It was possible to identify 90 different complexes (49 and 41 in the B38 and J99 strains, respectively); 12 of these complexes were common to both strains (seven and five in the membrane and cytoplasm, respectively), reflecting the variability of H. pylori strains. The 44 membrane complexes included numerous outer membrane proteins, such as the major adhesins BabA and SabA retrieved from a complex in the B38 strain, and also proteins from the hor family rarely studied. BabA and BabB adhesins were found to interact independently with HopM/N in the B38 and J99 strains, respectively. The 46 cytosolic complexes essentially comprised proteins involved in H. pylori physiology. Some orphan proteins were retrieved from heterooligomeric complexes, and a function could be proposed for a number of them via the identification of their partners, such as JHP0119, which may be involved in the flagellar function. Overall, this study gave new insights into the membrane and cytoplasm structure, and those which could help in the design of molecules for vaccine and/or antimicrobial agent development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Bernarde
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Philippe Lehours
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Jean-Paul Lasserre
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Michel Castroviejo
- ‖Laboratoire de Microbiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire et Pathogénicité, UMR CNRS 5234, and
| | - Marc Bonneu
- **Pôle Protéomique, Plateforme Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, F 33076 France
| | - Francis Mégraud
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
| | - Armelle Ménard
- From ‡INSERM U853, 33076 Bordeaux, France and
- §Laboratoire de Bactériologie
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78
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Orell A, Navarro CA, Arancibia R, Mobarec JC, Jerez CA. Life in blue: copper resistance mechanisms of bacteria and archaea used in industrial biomining of minerals. Biotechnol Adv 2010; 28:839-48. [PMID: 20627124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biomining processes to extract copper, gold and other metals involve the use of extremophiles such as the acidophilic Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (Bacteria), and the thermoacidophilic Sulfolobus metallicus (Archaea). Together with other extremophiles these microorganisms subsist in habitats where they are exposed to copper concentrations higher than 100mM. Herein we review the current knowledge on the Cu-resistance mechanisms found in these microorganisms. Recent information suggests that biomining extremophiles respond to extremely high Cu concentrations by using simultaneously all or most of the following key elements: 1) a wide repertoire of Cu-resistance determinants; 2) duplication of some of these Cu-resistance determinants; 3) existence of novel Cu chaperones; 4) a polyP-based Cu-resistance system, and 5) an oxidative stress defense system. Further insight of the biomining community members and their individual response to copper is highly relevant, since this could provide key information to the mining industry. In turn, this information could be used to select the more fit members of the bioleaching community to attain more efficient industrial biomining processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Orell
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, and Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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79
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Kim JS, Bang MA, Lee S, Chae HZ, Kim K. Distinct functional roles of peroxiredoxin isozymes and glutathione peroxidase from fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. BMB Rep 2010; 43:170-5. [PMID: 20356456 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2010.43.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the differences in the functional roles of peroxiredoxins (Prxs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, we examined the peroxidase and molecular chaperone properties of the recombinant proteins. TPx (thioredoxin peroxidase) exhibited a capacity for peroxide reduction with the thioredoxin system. GPx also showed thioreoxin-dependent peroxidase activity rather than GPx activity. The peroxidase activity of BCP (bacterioferritin comigratory protein) was similar to that of TPx. However, peroxidase activity was not observed for PMP20 (peroxisomal membrane protein 20). TPx, PMP20, and GPx inhibited thermal aggregation of citrate synthase at 43(o)C, but BCP failed to inhibit the aggregation. The chaperone activities of PMP20 and GPx were weaker than that of TPx. The peroxidase and chaperone properties of TPx, BCP, and GPx of the fission yeast are similar to those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fission yeast PMP20 without thioredoxin-dependent peroxidase activity may act as a molecular chaperone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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80
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Lechardeur D, Fernandez A, Robert B, Gaudu P, Trieu-Cuot P, Lamberet G, Gruss A. The 2-Cys peroxiredoxin alkyl hydroperoxide reductase c binds heme and participates in its intracellular availability in Streptococcus agalactiae. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16032-41. [PMID: 20332091 PMCID: PMC2871472 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.024505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme is a redox-reactive molecule with vital and complex roles in bacterial metabolism, survival, and virulence. However, few intracellular heme partners were identified to date and are not well conserved in bacteria. The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) is a heme auxotroph, which acquires exogenous heme to activate an aerobic respiratory chain. We identified the alkyl hydroperoxide reductase AhpC, a member of the highly conserved thiol-dependent 2-Cys peroxiredoxins, as a heme-binding protein. AhpC binds hemin with a K(d) of 0.5 microm and a 1:1 stoichiometry. Mutagenesis of cysteines revealed that hemin binding is dissociable from catalytic activity and multimerization. AhpC reductase activity was unchanged upon interaction with heme in vitro and in vivo. A group B Streptococcus ahpC mutant displayed attenuation of two heme-dependent functions, respiration and activity of a heterologous catalase, suggesting a role for AhpC in heme intracellular fate. In support of this hypothesis, AhpC-bound hemin was protected from chemical degradation in vitro. Our results reveal for the first time a role for AhpC as a heme-binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lechardeur
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Micalis, UMR 1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Annabelle Fernandez
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Micalis, UMR 1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Bruno Robert
- the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institut de Biologie et de Technologie de Saclay, CNRS, URA 2096, 91400 Gif sur Yvette, and
| | - Philippe Gaudu
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Micalis, UMR 1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- the Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, CNRS, URA 2172, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lamberet
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Micalis, UMR 1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas
| | - Alexandra Gruss
- From the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Institut Micalis, UMR 1319, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas
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81
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Jia B, Lee S, Pham BP, Cho YS, Yang JK, Byeon HS, Kim JC, Cheong GW. An archaeal NADH oxidase causes damage to both proteins and nucleic acids under oxidative stress. Mol Cells 2010; 29:363-71. [PMID: 20213313 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NADH oxidases (NOXs) catalyze the two-electron reduction of oxygen to H2O2 or four-electron reduction of oxygen to H2O. In this report, we show that an NADH oxidase from Thermococcus profundus (NOXtp) displays two forms: a native dimeric protein under physiological conditions and an oxidized hexameric form under oxidative stress. Native NOXtp displays high NADH oxidase activity, and oxidized NOXtp can accelerate the aggregation of partially unfolded proteins. The aggregates formed by NOXtp have characteristics similar to beta-amyloid and Lewy bodies in neurodegenerative diseases, including an increase of beta-sheet content. Oxidized NOXtp can also bind nucleic acids and cause their degradation by oxidizing NADH to produce H2O2. Furthermore, Escherichia coli cells expressing NOXtp are less viable than cells not expressing NOXtp after treatment with H2O2. As NOXtp shares similar features with eukaryotic cell death isozymes and life may have originated from hyperthermophiles, we suggest that NOXtp may be an ancestor of cell death proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Archaeal Proteins/chemistry
- Archaeal Proteins/metabolism
- Archaeal Proteins/ultrastructure
- Blotting, Western
- DNA Damage
- DNA, Archaeal/genetics
- DNA, Archaeal/metabolism
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/growth & development
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
- Microbial Viability/genetics
- Microscopy, Electron
- Multienzyme Complexes/chemistry
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Multienzyme Complexes/ultrastructure
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/chemistry
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/ultrastructure
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Oxidative Stress
- Protein Conformation/drug effects
- Protein Multimerization
- RNA, Archaeal/genetics
- RNA, Archaeal/metabolism
- Temperature
- Thermococcus/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolei Jia
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (Brain Korea 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea
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82
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Mohammadian T, Doosti M, Paknejad M, Siavoshi F, Massarrat S. Preparative SDS-PAGE Electroelution for Rapid Purification of Alkyl Hydroperoxide Reductase from Helicobacter pylori. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2010; 39:85-91. [PMID: 23112994 PMCID: PMC3468971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) of Helicobacter pylori is considered as a diagnostic antigen. Therefore, this antigen can be used to detect H. pylori infection by stool immunoassays such as ELISA. The aim of this study was to simplify the AhpC protein purification procedures. METHODS For whole cell protein extraction, the bacterial cells were ruptured by octly-β-D glucopyranoside. The isolation and purification of AhpC protein were attempted by various techniques including ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and electroelution. RESULTS A simple method was used for protein purification AhpC protein. One-dimensional preparative gel electrophoresis allows a single and short purification step; the high resolution capacity of this technique leads to a high level of purity of the protein. Moreover, it avoids contamination by other non-specific proteins which often appear during protein purification by column chromatography. CONCLUSION The present method is simple, rapid and makes it possible to preparate AhpC from H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mohammadian
- Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University-Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Qods City, Iran,Corresponding author: Tel/fax: +98 21 46842938, E-mail:
| | - M Doosti
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - M Paknejad
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - F Siavoshi
- Dept. of Microbiology, School of Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - S Massarrat
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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83
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An BC, Lee SS, Lee EM, Lee JT, Wi SG, Jung HS, Park W, Chung BY. A new antioxidant with dual functions as a peroxidase and chaperone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Cells 2010; 29:145-51. [PMID: 20082221 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-based peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are conserved throughout all kingdoms. We have found that a conserved typical 2-Cys Prx-like protein (PaPrx) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria displays diversity in its structure and apparent molecular weight (MW), and can act alternatively as a peroxidase and molecular chaperone. We have also identified a regulatory factor involved in this structural and functional switching. Exposure of P. aeruginosa to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) causes PaPrx to convert from a high MW (HMW) complex to a low MW (LMW) form, which triggers a chaperone to peroxidase functional switch. This structural switching is primarily guided by either the thioredoxin (Trx) or glutathione (GSH) systems. Furthermore, comparison of our structural data [native and non-reducing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis, and electron microscopy (EM) observations] and enzymatic analyses (peroxidase and chaperone assay) revealed that the formation of oligomeric HMW complex structures increased chaperone activity of PaPrx. These results suggest that multimerization of PaPrx complexes promotes chaperone activity, and dissociation of the complexes into LMW species enhances peroxidase activity. Thus, the dual functions of PaPrx are clearly associated with their ability to form distinct protein structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea
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84
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Huang CH, Chuang MH, Wu YH, Chuang WC, Jhuang PJ, Chiou SH. Characterization of site-specific mutants of alkylhydroperoxide reductase with dual functionality from Helicobacter pylori. J Biochem 2010; 147:661-9. [PMID: 20051383 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkylhydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is an abundant and important antioxidant protein present in Helicobacter pylori (HP), a spiral Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium. By sequence alignment and structure comparison, HP-AhpC was found to be more homologous to human peroxiredoxins (hPrx) than to other eubacterial AhpC proteins. Similar to hPrxI, native HP-AhpC existed as a dimer of single subunit, comprising alpha-helix and beta-sheet domains with low surface hydrophobicity. AhpC can form high-molecular-weight (HMW) aggregates ranging from 700 to higher than 2,000 kDa under oxidative stress, possessing chaperone activity in the presence of thioredoxin (Trx). Further analysis of peroxide-reductase activities showed that HP-AhpC was more resistant to H(2)O(2) than hPrxI. However, the mechanism of enzyme inactivation to H(2)O(2) appeared to be similar for both HP-AhpC and hPrxI as revealed by native gel electrophoresis followed by proteomic identification using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and LC-MS/MS. In contrast to T90D-hPrxI mutant with chaperone activity, site-specific mutant T87D-HP-AhpC did not form HMW chaperone complexes. The comparison of these two evolutionarily distant and yet functionally related enzymes may shed some light on the mechanism(s) underlying the evolution and development of the dual functionality in HP-AhpC and hPrxI with similar protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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85
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Zomer A, van Sinderen D. Intertwinement of stress response regulons in Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. Gut Microbes 2010; 1:100-102. [PMID: 21326917 PMCID: PMC3023587 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.1.2.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria constitute an important component of the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other mammals. Various bifidobacterial strains are commercially exploited because of their perceived beneficial role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis. We have determined the response of B. breve UCC2003, a Gram-positive bacterium originally isolated from the nursling stool of a breast-fed infant, to several stresses (heat, osmotic, solvent) using transcriptomics, classical techniques and in silico analysis, as well as the transcriptional response of B. breve UCC2003 to oxidative stresses caused by the exposure to diamide, peroxide and environmental oxygen. Integration of these results allowed the formulation of a model for an interacting regulatory network for stress response in B. breve UCC2003, where HspR controls SOS response and the ClgR regulon, which in turn regulates and is regulated by HrcA. This model of an interacting regulatory network is believed to represent the paradigm for stress adaptation in bifidobacteria.
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86
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Shuvaeva TM, Novoselov VI, Fesenko EE, Lipkin VM. [Peroxiredoxins, a new family of antioxidant proteins]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2009; 35:581-96. [PMID: 19915636 DOI: 10.1134/s106816200905001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current ideas are discussed about the structures and mechanisms of action of proteins that have been united at present into a family of thiol-specific antioxidants or peroxiredoxins, which protect the cells of different organisms from the action of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxiredoxins fulfill the same function as antioxidant enzymes such as catalases and glutathione-dependent peroxidases; however, their catalytic activity is lower than that of these enzymes. The level of expression of genes of peroxiredoxins is increased in many pathological states accompanied by oxidative stress, and today there is direct evidence for the important role of peroxiredoxins in the vital activity of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Shuvaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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87
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Liu S, Sun Y, Li W, Yu H, Li X, Liu Z, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Chen C, Jia J. The antibacterial mode of action of allitridi for its potential use as a therapeutic agent against Helicobacter pylori infection. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 303:183-9. [PMID: 20030729 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01877.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori with traditional therapy often fails in clinical treatment. As a result, a novel efficacious therapeutic agent is strongly needed. Allitridi, a proprietary garlic derivative, has been successfully used to treat both systemic fungal and bacterial infections in China. Our previous study has shown a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of allitridi on H. pylori growth. However, the antibacterial mode of action of allitridi is still unclear. Proteomic analysis was used to study the global protein alterations induced by allitridi. A total of 21 protein spots were identified to be differentially expressed. Our results indicated that the bacteriostatic mechanism of allitridi in H. pylori can be attributed to its multitarget inhibitory effects in energy metabolism and biosynthesis including amino acid biosynthesis, protein synthesis, mRNA synthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis. Allitridi can also disturb the expression of antioxidant proteins and decrease the production of virulence factors. Western blot analysis showed that allitridi at subinhibitory concentrations can potently suppress the production of CagA and VacA. Our investigations on the antibacterial mode of action of allitridi provide an insight into the potential use of allitridi as a therapeutic agent against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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88
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Huang CH, Lee IL, Yeh IJ, Liao JH, Ni CL, Wu SH, Chiou SH. Upregulation of a non-heme iron-containing ferritin with dual ferroxidase and DNA-binding activities in Helicobacter pylori under acid stress. J Biochem 2009; 147:535-43. [PMID: 19959503 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a spiral Gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium. It is unique and distinctive among various bacterial pathogens for its ability to persist in the extreme acidic environment of human stomachs. To address and identify changes in the proteome of H. pylori in response to low pH, we have used a proteomic approach to study the protein expression of H. pylori under neutral (pH 7) and acidic (pH 5) conditions. Global protein-expression profiles of H. pylori under acid stress were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by liquid chromatography (LC)-nanoESI-mass spectrometry (MS)/MS and bioinformatics database analysis. Among the proteins differentially expressed under acidic condition, a non-heme iron-containing ferritin of H. pylori (HP-ferritin) was found to be consistently upregulated at pH 5 as compared to pH 7. It was also found that HP-ferritin can switch from an iron-storage protein with ferroxidase activity to a DNA-binding/protection function under in vitro conditions upon exposure to acidic environment. Prokaryotic ferritins, such as non-heme iron-binding HP-ferritin with dual functionality reported herein, may play a significant urease-independent role in the acid adaptation of H. pylori under physiological conditions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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89
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Momynaliev KT, Kashin SV, Chelysheva VV, Selezneva OV, Demina IA, Serebryakova MV, Alexeev D, Ivanisenko VA, Aman E, Govorun VM. Functional Divergence of Helicobacter pylori Related to Early Gastric Cancer. J Proteome Res 2009; 9:254-67. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900586w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuvat T. Momynaliev
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Kashin
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vera V. Chelysheva
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Selezneva
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Irina A. Demina
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marya V. Serebryakova
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Alexeev
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Ivanisenko
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ewgeniya Aman
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vadim M. Govorun
- Research Institute for Physico-Chemical Medicine, Moscow, Russia, Endoscopy, Yaroslavl Regional Oncologic Hospital, Yaroslavl, Russia, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia, and Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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90
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Lai CJ, Chen SY, Lin IH, Chang CH, Wong HC. Change of protein profiles in the induction of the viable but nonculturable state of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 135:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Qu W, Zhou Y, Shao C, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Chen C, Jia J. Helicobacter pylori proteins response to nitric oxide stress. J Microbiol 2009; 47:486-93. [PMID: 19763424 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-008-0266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a highly pathogenic microorganism with various strategies to evade human immune responses. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) generated via nitric oxide synthase pathway are important effectors during the innate immune response. However, the mechanisms of H. pylori to survive the nitrosative stress are not clear. Here the proteomic approach has been used to define the adaptive response of H. pylori to nitrosative stress. Proteomic analysis showed that 38 protein spots were regulated by NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). These proteins were involved in protein processing, anti-oxidation, general stress response, and virulence, as well as some unknown functions. Particularly, some of them were participated in iron metabolism, potentially under the control of ferric uptake regulator (Fur). Real time PCR revealed that fur was induced under nitrosative stress, consistent with our deduction. One stress-related protein up-regulated under nitrosative conditions was thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Inactivation of fur or trxR can lead to increased susceptivity to nitrosative stress respectively. These studies described the adaptive response of H. pylori to nitric oxide stress, and analyzed the relevant role of Fur regulon and TrxR in nitrosative stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qu
- Department of Microbiology and Key Lab for Experimental Teratology of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, P. R. China
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92
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Abstract
Redox regulation of stress proteins, such as molecular chaperones, guarantees an immediate response to oxidative stress conditions. This review focuses on the two major classes of redox-regulated chaperones, Hsp33 in bacteria and typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins in eukaryotes. Both proteins employ redox-sensitive cysteines, whose oxidation status directly controls their affinity for unfolding proteins and therefore their chaperone function. We will first discuss Hsp33, whose oxidative stress-induced disulfide bond formation triggers the partial unfolding of the chaperone, which, in turn, leads to the exposure of a high-affinity binding site for unfolded proteins. This rapid mode of activation makes Hsp33 essential for protecting bacteria against severe oxidative stress conditions, such as hypochlorite (i.e., bleach) treatment, which leads to widespread protein unfolding and aggregation. We will compare Hsp33 to the highly abundant eukaryotic typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, whose oxidative stress-induced sulfinic acid formation turns the peroxidase into a molecular chaperone in vitro and presumably in vivo. These examples illustrate how proteins use reversible cysteine modifications to rapidly adjust to oxidative stress conditions and demonstrate that redox regulation plays a vital role in protecting organisms against reactive oxygen species-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Kumsta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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93
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Mitochondrial peroxiredoxin 3 is more resilient to hyperoxidation than cytoplasmic peroxiredoxins. Biochem J 2009; 421:51-8. [PMID: 19356151 DOI: 10.1042/bj20090242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Prxs (peroxiredoxins) are a family of cysteine-dependent peroxidases that decompose hydrogen peroxide. Prxs become hyperoxidized when a sulfenic acid formed during the catalytic cycle reacts with hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, Western blot methodology was developed to quantify hyperoxidation of individual 2-Cys Prxs in cells. It revealed that Prx 1 and 2 were hyperoxidized at lower doses of hydrogen peroxide than would be predicted from in vitro data, suggesting intracellular factors that promote hyperoxidation. In contrast, mitochondrial Prx 3 was considerably more resistant to hyperoxidation. The concentration of Prx 3 was estimated at 125 microM in the mitochondrial matrix of Jurkat T-lymphoma cells. Although the local cellular environment could influence susceptibility, purified Prx 3 was also more resistant to hyperoxidation, suggesting that despite having C-terminal motifs similar to sensitive eukaryote Prxs, other structural features must contribute to the innate resilience of Prx 3 to hyperoxidation.
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94
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Park SK, Jung YJ, Lee JR, Lee YM, Jang HH, Lee SS, Park JH, Kim SY, Moon JC, Lee SY, Chae HB, Shin MR, Jung JH, Kim MG, Kim WY, Yun DJ, Lee KO, Lee SY. Heat-shock and redox-dependent functional switching of an h-type Arabidopsis thioredoxin from a disulfide reductase to a molecular chaperone. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:552-61. [PMID: 19339505 PMCID: PMC2689952 DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.135426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A large number of thioredoxins (Trxs), small redox proteins, have been identified from all living organisms. However, many of the physiological roles played by these proteins remain to be elucidated. We isolated a high M(r) (HMW) form of h-type Trx from the heat-treated cytosolic extracts of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suspension cells and designated it as AtTrx-h3. Using bacterially expressed recombinant AtTrx-h3, we find that it forms various protein structures ranging from low and oligomeric protein species to HMW complexes. And the AtTrx-h3 performs dual functions, acting as a disulfide reductase and as a molecular chaperone, which are closely associated with its molecular structures. The disulfide reductase function is observed predominantly in the low M(r) forms, whereas the chaperone function predominates in the HMW complexes. The multimeric structures of AtTrx-h3 are regulated not only by heat shock but also by redox status. Two active cysteine residues in AtTrx-h3 are required for disulfide reductase activity, but not for chaperone function. AtTrx-h3 confers enhanced heat-shock tolerance in Arabidopsis, primarily through its chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kwon Park
- Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center, Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center , and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Korea
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95
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Barranco-Medina S, Lázaro JJ, Dietz KJ. The oligomeric conformation of peroxiredoxins links redox state to function. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:1809-16. [PMID: 19464293 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein associations, i.e. formation of permanent or transient protein complexes, are essential for protein functionality and regulation within the cellular context. Peroxiredoxins (Prx) undergo major redox-dependent conformational changes and the dynamics are linked to functional switches. While a large number of investigations have addressed the principles and functions of Prx oligomerization, understanding of the diverse in vivo roles of this conserved redox-dependent feature of Prx is slowly emerging. The review summarizes studies on Prx oligomerization, its tight connection to the redox state, and the knowledge and hypotheses on its physiological function in the cell as peroxidase, chaperone, binding partner, enzyme activator and/or redox sensor.
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96
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Abstract
Peroxiredoxins are abundant cellular antioxidant proteins that help to control intracellular peroxide levels. These proteins may also function, in part, through an evolved sensitivity of some peroxiredoxins towards peroxide-mediated inactivation in hydrogen peroxide signaling in eukaryotes. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of 'typical 2-Cys' peroxiredoxins and of the biological roles played by these important enzymes in oxidative stress and nonstress-related cellular signaling. New evidence suggests localized peroxide buildup plays a role in nonstress-related signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - P. Andrew Karplus
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Leslie B. Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
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97
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Sao K, Murata M, Fujisaki Y, Umezaki K, Mori T, Niidome T, Katayama Y, Hashizume M. A novel protease activity assay using a protease-responsive chaperone protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:293-7. [PMID: 19341711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protease activity assays are important for elucidating protease function and for developing new therapeutic agents. In this study, a novel turbidimetric method for determining the protease activity using a protease-responsive chaperone protein is described. For this purpose, a recombinant small heat-shock protein (sHSP) with an introduced Factor Xa protease recognition site was synthesized in bacteria. This recombinant mutant, FXa-HSP, exhibited chaperone-like activity at high temperatures in cell lysates. However, the chaperone-like activity of FXa-HSP decreased dramatically following treatment with Factor Xa. Protein precipitation was subsequently observed in the cell lysates. The reaction was Factor Xa concentration-dependent and was quantitatively suppressed by a specific inhibitor for Factor Xa. Protein aggregation was detected by a simple method based on turbidimetry. The results clearly demonstrate that this assay is an effective, easy-to-use method for determining protease activities without the requirement of labeling procedures and the use of radioisotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Sao
- Kyushu University, Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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98
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Aran M, Ferrero DS, Pagano E, Wolosiuk RA. Typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins--modulation by covalent transformations and noncovalent interactions. FEBS J 2009; 276:2478-93. [PMID: 19476489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.06984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
2-Cys peroxiredoxins are peroxidases devoid of prosthetic groups that mediate in the defence against oxidative stress and the peroxide activation of signaling pathways. This dual capacity relies on the high reactivity of the conserved peroxidatic and resolving cysteines, whose modification embraces not only the usual thiol-disulfide exchange but also higher oxidation states of the sulfur atom. These changes are part of a complex system wherein the cooperation with other post-translational modifications - phosphorylation, acetylation - may function as major regulatory mechanisms of the quaternary structure. More importantly, modern proteomic approaches have identified the oxyacids at cysteine residues as novel protein targets for unsuspected post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation that yields the unusual sulfi(o)nic-phosphoryl anhydride. In this article, we review the biochemical attributes of 2-Cys peroxiredoxins that, in combination with complementary studies of forward and reverse genetics, have generated stimulating molecular models to explain how this enzyme integrates into cell signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Aran
- Instituto Leloir, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Huang ZG, Duan GC, Fan QT, Zhang WD, Song CH, Huang XY, Zhang RG. Mutation of cytotoxin-associated gene A affects expressions of antioxidant proteins of Helicobacter pylori. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:599-606. [PMID: 19195063 PMCID: PMC2653352 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine if disruption of the cagA gene of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) has an effect on the expression of other proteins at proteome level.
METHODS: Construction of a cagA knock out mutant Hp27_ΔcagA (cagA-) via homologous recombination with the wild-type strain Hp27 (cagA+) as a recipient was performed. The method of sonication-urea-CHAPS-DTT was employed to extract bacterial proteins from both strains. Soluble proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). Images of 2-DE gels were digitalized and analyzed. Only spots that had a statistical significance in differential expression were selected and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Biological information was used to search protein database and identify the biological function of proteins.
RESULTS: The proteome expressions between wild-type strain and isogenic mutant with the cagA gene knocked-out were compared. Five protein spots with high abundance in bacteria proteins of wild-type strains, down-regulated or absently expressed in bacteria proteins of mutants, were identified and analyzed. From a quantitative point of view, the identified proteins are related to the cagA gene and important antioxidant proteins of H pylori, including alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and modulator of drug activity (Mda66), respectively, suggesting that cagA is important to maintain the normal activity of antioxidative stress and ensure H pylori persistent colonization in the host.
CONCLUSION: cagA gene is relevant to the expressions of antioxidant proteins of H pylori, which may be a novel mechanism involved in H pylori cagA pathogenesis.
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Mohammadian T, Doosti M, Paknejad M, Siavoshi F, Massarrat S, Soukhtanloo M. Production of polyclonal antibody against alkyl hydroperoxide reductase of Helicobacter pylori and its antigenicity. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2009; 27:481-5. [PMID: 19108621 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2008.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stool-antigen detection kits for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection have been widely used because of their full non-invasive nature. Because Helicobacter pylori strains show a distinctive genetic diversity, it is important to find a protein that is a common antigen of various strains and shows a strong immunogenicity for the development of a stool- antigen detection kit. Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) of Helicobacter pylori strongly reacts with the sera of patients with gastritis and peptic ulcer. Therefore, AhpC seems to be an excellent candidate as a target protein for this study. Accordingly, polyclonal antiserum against AhpC was produced in adult New Zealand white rabbits by using AhpC in the gel bands without adding Freund's adjuvant. In addition, isolation and purification of AhpC were perfomed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroelution. In this study, a simple method was used for rapid production of polyclonal antibody against AhpC of H. pylori, which avoids both the long-term AhpC purification and the addition of Freund's adjuvant. One-dimensional preparative gel electrophoresis allows a single and short purification step; the high-resolution capacity of this technique leads to a high level of purity of the protein and consequently to a very high specificity of the antibody. Moreover, this method avoids contamination by other non-specific proteins, which often appear during the purification process by column chromatographic techniques, which may also decrease the purity of the immunogen. The present method is simple, rapid and cost-effective, and also makes it possible to produce antibody for stool-antigen enzyme immunoassay in a short time and at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taher Mohammadian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahryar-Shahr-e-qods-Branch, Qods City, Iran
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