51
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Rendueles O, de Sousa JAM, Bernheim A, Touchon M, Rocha EPC. Genetic exchanges are more frequent in bacteria encoding capsules. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007862. [PMID: 30576310 PMCID: PMC6322790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsules allow bacteria to colonize novel environments, to withstand numerous stresses, and to resist antibiotics. Yet, even though genetic exchanges with other cells should be adaptive under such circumstances, it has been suggested that capsules lower the rates of homologous recombination and horizontal gene transfer. We analysed over one hundred pan-genomes and thousands of bacterial genomes for the evidence of an association between genetic exchanges (or lack thereof) and the presence of a capsule system. We found that bacteria encoding capsules have larger pan-genomes, higher rates of horizontal gene transfer, and higher rates of homologous recombination in their core genomes. Accordingly, genomes encoding capsules have more plasmids, conjugative elements, transposases, prophages, and integrons. Furthermore, capsular loci are frequent in plasmids, and can be found in prophages. These results are valid for Bacteria, independently of their ability to be naturally transformable. Since we have shown previously that capsules are commonly present in nosocomial pathogens, we analysed their co-occurrence with antibiotic resistance genes. Genomes encoding capsules have more antibiotic resistance genes, especially those encoding efflux pumps, and they constitute the majority of the most worrisome nosocomial bacteria. We conclude that bacteria with capsule systems are more genetically diverse and have fast-evolving gene repertoires, which may further contribute to their success in colonizing novel niches such as humans under antibiotic therapy. Previous works showed that bacteria encoding capsules are better colonizers and are dominant in most environments suggesting a positive role for capsules in the genetic diversification of bacteria. Yet, it has been repeatedly suggested, based almost exclusively studies in few model species, that such bacteria are less diverse and engage in fewer genetic exchanges. Here, we reverse the current paradigm and show that bacteria encoding capsules have larger and more diverse gene repertoires, which change faster by horizontal gene transfer and recombination. Our study alters the traditional view of the capsule as a barrier to gene flow and raises novel questions about the role of capsules in bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaya Rendueles
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge A. Moura de Sousa
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Aude Bernheim
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Marie Touchon
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo P. C. Rocha
- Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- UMR 3525, CNRS, Paris, France
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Roy R, Tiwari M, Donelli G, Tiwari V. Strategies for combating bacterial biofilms: A focus on anti-biofilm agents and their mechanisms of action. Virulence 2018; 9:522-554. [PMID: 28362216 PMCID: PMC5955472 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1313372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 725] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix surrounding bacteria makes them tolerant to harsh conditions and resistant to antibacterial treatments. Moreover, the biofilms are responsible for causing a broad range of chronic diseases and due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria it has really become difficult to treat them with efficacy. Furthermore, the antibiotics available till date are ineffective for treating these biofilm related infections due to their higher values of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), which may result in in-vivo toxicity. Hence, it is critically important to design or screen anti-biofilm molecules that can effectively minimize and eradicate biofilm related infections. In the present article, we have highlighted the mechanism of biofilm formation with reference to different models and various methods used for biofilm detection. A major focus has been put on various anti-biofilm molecules discovered or tested till date which may include herbal active compounds, chelating agents, peptide antibiotics, lantibiotics and synthetic chemical compounds along with their structures, mechanism of action and their respective MICs, MBCs, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations (MBICs) as well as the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values available in the literature so far. Different mode of action of anti biofilm molecules addressed here are inhibition via interference in the quorum sensing pathways, adhesion mechanism, disruption of extracellular DNA, protein, lipopolysaccharides, exopolysaccharides and secondary messengers involved in various signaling pathways. From this study, we conclude that the molecules considered here might be used to treat biofilm-associated infections after significant structural modifications, thereby investigating its effective delivery in the host. It should also be ensured that minimum effective concentration of these molecules must be capable of eradicating biofilm infections with maximum potency without posing any adverse side effects on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranita Roy
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
| | - Gianfranco Donelli
- b Microbial Biofilm Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
| | - Vishvanath Tiwari
- a Department of Biochemistry , Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer , India
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53
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Berne C, Ellison CK, Ducret A, Brun YV. Bacterial adhesion at the single-cell level. Nat Rev Microbiol 2018; 16:616-627. [DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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54
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Magana M, Sereti C, Ioannidis A, Mitchell CA, Ball AR, Magiorkinis E, Chatzipanagiotou S, Hamblin MR, Hadjifrangiskou M, Tegos GP. Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00084-16. [PMID: 29618576 PMCID: PMC6056845 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Sereti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Thriassio General Hospital, Attiki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Courtney A Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony R Ball
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi, Greece
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - George P Tegos
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
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55
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Pompilio A, Crocetta V, Savini V, Petrelli D, Di Nicola M, Bucco S, Amoroso L, Bonomini M, Di Bonaventura G. Phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic resistance and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli strains from women with community-onset primitive acute pyelonephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196260. [PMID: 29758033 PMCID: PMC5951556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work set out to search for a virulence repertoire distinctive for Escherichia coli causing primitive acute pyelonephritis (APN). To this end, the virulence potential of 18 E. coli APN strains was genotypically and phenotypically assessed, comparatively with 19 strains causing recurrent cystitis (RC), and 16 clinically not significant (control, CO) strains. Most of the strains belong to phylogenetic group B1 (69.8%; p<0.01), and APN strains showed unique features, which are the presence of phylogroup A, and the absence of phylogroup B2 and non-typeable strains. Overall, the most dominant virulence factor genes (VFGs) were ecpA and fyuA (92.4 and 86.7%, respectively; p<0.05), and the mean number of VFGs was significantly higher in uropathogenic strains. Particularly, papAH and malX were exclusive for uropathogenic strains. APN and RC strains showed a significantly higher prevalence of fyuA, usp, and malX than of CO strains. Compared to RC strains, APN ones showed a higher prevalence of iha, but a lower prevalence of iroN, cnf1, and kpsMT-II. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed a higher proportion of two gene clusters (malX and usp, and fyuA and ecpA) were detected in the APN and RC groups than in CO, whereas iutA and iha clusters were detected more frequently in APN strains. The motility level did not differ among the study-groups and phylogroups considered, although a higher proportion of swarming strains was observed in APN strains. Antibiotic-resistance rates were generally low except for ampicillin (37.7%), and were not associated with specific study- or phylogenetic groups. APN and RC strains produced more biofilm than CO strains. In APN strains, iha was associated with higher biofilm biomass formation, whereas iroN and KpSMT-K1 were associated with a lower amount of biofilm biomass. Further work is needed to grasp the virulence and fitness mechanisms adopted by E. coli causing APN, and hence develop new therapeutic and prophylactic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savini
- "Spirito Santo" Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Pescara, Italy
| | - Dezemona Petrelli
- School of Pharmacy, Microbiology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Bucco
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Amoroso
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, “G. d'Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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56
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Markova JA, Anganova EV, Turskaya AL, Bybin VA, Savilov ED. Regulation of Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683818010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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57
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Kinoshita T, Ishiki K, Nguyen DQ, Shiigi H, Nagaoka T. Real-Time Evaluation of Bacterial Viability Using Gold Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2018; 90:4098-4103. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Kinoshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Kengo Ishiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Dung Q. Nguyen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiigi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nagaoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-2 Gakuen, Naka, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan
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58
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Lagrafeuille R, Miquel S, Balestrino D, Vareille-Delarbre M, Chain F, Langella P, Forestier C. Opposing effect of Lactobacillus on in vitro Klebsiella pneumoniae in biofilm and in an in vivo intestinal colonisation model. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:87-100. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria represent potential sources of therapy, particularly in the battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The Gram-negative bacillus Klebsiella pneumoniae is not only a paradigm of multi-resistant opportunistic pathogen, but it is also able to colonise the human intestine and displays a high capacity to form biofilm. In this study, the anti-biofilm activity of 140 neutralised Lactobacillus supernatants was assessed against K. pneumoniae. Among the 13 strains whose supernatant significantly impaired biofilm formation, Lactobacillus plantarum CIRM653 was selected because it was also able to impair K. pneumoniae preformed biofilm, independently of a bactericidal effect. Mixed K. pneumoniae/L. plantarum CIRM653 biofilms had reduced tridimensional structures associated with a significant decrease in K. pneumoniae biomass. Further investigation showed that L. plantarum CIRM653 supernatant induced transcriptional modifications of K. pneumoniae biofilm-related genes, including down-regulation of the quorum sensing-related lsr operons and over-expression of type 3 pili structure genes. Increased production of type 3 pili was validated by Western-blot, hemagglutination and adhesion assays. L. plantarum CIRM653 activity against K. pneumoniae was also assessed in a murine intestinal colonisation model: a constant faecal pathogen burden was observed, as against a gradual decrease in the control group. These results reveal that an in vitro a priori attracting anti-biofilm activity of Lactobacillus might be counterbalanced by an in vivo behaviour in a complex microbiota environment with potential deleterious dispersal of highly adherent K. pneumoniae cells, raising the question of the accuracy of in vitro assays in screening of beneficial microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lagrafeuille
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S. Miquel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D. Balestrino
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - F. Chain
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory/AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - P. Langella
- Commensal and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory/AgroParisTech, UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C. Forestier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS UMR 6023 Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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59
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Chiu L, Bazin T, Truchetet ME, Schaeverbeke T, Delhaes L, Pradeu T. Protective Microbiota: From Localized to Long-Reaching Co-Immunity. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1678. [PMID: 29270167 PMCID: PMC5725472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident microbiota do not just shape host immunity, they can also contribute to host protection against pathogens and infectious diseases. Previous reviews of the protective roles of the microbiota have focused exclusively on colonization resistance localized within a microenvironment. This review shows that the protection against pathogens also involves the mitigation of pathogenic impact without eliminating the pathogens (i.e., “disease tolerance”) and the containment of microorganisms to prevent pathogenic spread. Protective microorganisms can have an impact beyond their niche, interfering with the entry, establishment, growth, and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. More fundamentally, we propose a series of conceptual clarifications in support of the idea of a “co-immunity,” where an organism is protected by both its own immune system and components of its microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Chiu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Bazin
- University of Bordeaux, INRA, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, EA 3671, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Pessac, France
| | | | - Thierry Schaeverbeke
- University of Bordeaux, INRA, Mycoplasmal and Chlamydial Infections in Humans, EA 3671, Bordeaux, France.,Department of Rheumatology, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laurence Delhaes
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Bordeaux Hospital University Center, Bordeaux, France.,University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre of Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thomas Pradeu
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, ImmunoConcept, UMR 5164, Bordeaux, France
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Dispersal of single and mixed non-albicans Candida species biofilms by β-1,3-glucanase in vitro. Microb Pathog 2017; 113:342-347. [PMID: 29101060 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
β-1,3-glucan plays a role in non-albicans Candida species biofilm formation and survival of biofilm Candida to stresses. In this study, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of β-1,3-glucanase, which can degrade poly-β(1 → 3)-glucose of non-albicans Candida species biofilms, on single and mixed species biofilm of non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei. Biofilm by all tested species in microplate were dispersed more than 60%. β-1,3-glucanase also detached mixed species biofilm in microplate and on medical material surface. β-1,3-glucanase had no effect on Candida planktonic growth as well as adhesion. However, further biofilm formation was inhibited with β-1,3-glucanase added at 24 h after biofilm initiation. β-1,3-glucanase markedly enhanced the antifungal susceptibility of amphotericin B. The examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope confirmed the antibiofilm activity of β-1,3-glucanase. Our findings demonstrate that β-1,3-glucanase may be useful as an antibiofilm agent.
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61
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Bridier A, Piard JC, Pandin C, Labarthe S, Dubois-Brissonnet F, Briandet R. Spatial Organization Plasticity as an Adaptive Driver of Surface Microbial Communities. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1364. [PMID: 28775718 PMCID: PMC5517491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are dynamic habitats which constantly evolve in response to environmental fluctuations and thereby constitute remarkable survival strategies for microorganisms. The modulation of biofilm functional properties is largely governed by the active remodeling of their three-dimensional structure and involves an arsenal of microbial self-produced components and interconnected mechanisms. The production of matrix components, the spatial reorganization of ecological interactions, the generation of physiological heterogeneity, the regulation of motility, the production of actives enzymes are for instance some of the processes enabling such spatial organization plasticity. In this contribution, we discussed the foundations of architectural plasticity as an adaptive driver of biofilms through the review of the different microbial strategies involved. Moreover, the possibility to harness such characteristics to sculpt biofilm structure as an attractive approach to control their functional properties, whether beneficial or deleterious, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Bridier
- Antibiotics, Biocides, Residues and Resistance Unit, Fougères Laboratory, ANSESFougères, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Piard
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Caroline Pandin
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Simon Labarthe
- MaIAGE, INRA, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-SaclayJouy-en-Josas, France
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62
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Gomes LC, Moreira JMR, Araújo JDP, Mergulhão FJ. Surface conditioning with Escherichia coli cell wall components can reduce biofilm formation by decreasing initial adhesion. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:613-628. [PMID: 31294179 PMCID: PMC6604997 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on food processing surfaces pose major risks to human health. Non-efficient cleaning of equipment surfaces and piping can act as a conditioning layer that affects the development of a new biofilm post-disinfection. We have previously shown that surface conditioning with cell extracts could reduce biofilm formation. In the present work, we hypothesized that E. coli cell wall components could be implicated in this phenomena and therefore mannose, myristic acid and palmitic acid were tested as conditioning agents. To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning and flow topology on biofilm formation, assays were performed in agitated 96-well microtiter plates and in a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC), both operated at the same average wall shear stress (0.07 Pa) as determined by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). It was observed that when the 96-well microtiter plate and the PPFC were used to form biofilms at the same shear stress, similar results were obtained. This shows that the referred hydrodynamic feature may be a good scale-up parameter from high-throughput platforms to larger scale flow cell systems as the PPFC used in this study. Mannose did not have any effect on E. coli biofilm formation, but myristic and palmitic acid inhibited biofilm development by decreasing cell adhesion (in about 50%). These results support the idea that in food processing equipment where biofilm formation is not critical below a certain threshold, bacterial lysis and adsorption of cell components to the surface may reduce biofilm buildup and extend the operational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana M. R. Moreira
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José D. P. Araújo
- CEFT-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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63
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Liu Z, Zhang Z, Qiu L, Zhang F, Xu X, Wei H, Tao X. Characterization and bioactivities of the exopolysaccharide from a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:6895-6905. [PMID: 28711240 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) was extracted and purified from Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04, which has been confirmed previously as a potential probiotic for its antagonistic and immune-modulating activity. It has a molecular weight of 6.61 × 104 Da, consisting of xylose, glucose, and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 3.4:1.8:1. Microstructural studies demonstrated that the EPS appeared as a smooth sheet structure with many homogeneous rod-shaped lumps. The preliminary in vitro assays indicated that the EPS could significantly inhibit the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to HT-29 cells in competition, replacement, and inhibition assays at a dose of 1.0 mg/mL, with an inhibition rate of 20.24 ± 2.23, 29.71 ± 1.21, and 30.57 ± 1.73%, respectively. Additionally, the EPS exhibited strong inhibition against biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa CMCC10104, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC13311, and Staphylococcus aureus CMCC26003. Furthermore, the EPS showed good inhibitory activity against the proliferation of HT-29 cells. The characteristics and bioactivities of this EPS may make it a promising candidate in developing functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiongpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Makovcova J, Babak V, Kulich P, Masek J, Slany M, Cincarova L. Dynamics of mono- and dual-species biofilm formation and interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacteria. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:819-832. [PMID: 28401747 PMCID: PMC5481519 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are not commonly found in the planktonic state but predominantly form dual- and multispecies biofilms in almost all natural environments. Bacteria in multispecies biofilms cooperate, compete or have neutral interactions according to the involved species. Here, the development of mono- and dual-species biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and other foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, potentially pathogenic Raoultella planticola and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli over the course of 24, 48 and 72 h was studied. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the crystal violet assay (CV), enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm-2 ) and visualization using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In general, Gram-negative bacterial species and S. aureus interacted in a competitive manner. The tested Gram-negative bacteria grew better in mixed dual-species biofilms than in their mono-species biofilms as determined using the CV assay, CFU ml-2 enumeration, and CLSM and SEM visualization. In contrast, the growth of S. aureus biofilms was reduced when cultured in dual-species biofilms. CLSM images revealed grape-like clusters of S. aureus and monolayers of Gram-negative bacteria in both mono- and dual-species biofilms. S. aureus clusters in dual-species biofilms were significantly smaller than clusters in S. aureus mono-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Makovcova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Babak
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kulich
- Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Masek
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Slany
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cincarova
- Department of Food and Feed Safety, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Antibacterial properties of sophorolipid-modified gold surfaces against Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:325-334. [PMID: 28609707 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sophorolipids are bioderived glycolipids displaying interesting antimicrobial properties. We show that they can be used to develop biocidal monolayers against Listeria ivanovii, a Gram-positive bacterium. The present work points out the dependence between the surface density and the antibacterial activity of grafted sophorolipids. It also emphasizes the broad spectrum of activity of these coatings, demonstrating their potential against both Gram-positive strains (Enteroccocus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhymurium). After exposure to sophorolipids grafted onto gold, all these bacterial strains show a significant reduction in viability resulting from membrane damage as evidenced by fluorescent labelling and SEM-FEG analysis.
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Identification of a wza-like gene involved in capsule biosynthesis, pathogenicity and biofilm formation in Riemerella anatipestifer. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:442-450. [PMID: 28442426 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Duck infectious serositis is the most serious bacterial disease of ducks. It is caused by Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infection. The capsule plays an important role in virulence of many pathogenic bacteria. In addition, the capsule has some key biological features. However, few studies have explored the characteristics of the RA capsule. In this study, we mainly constructed a capsular mutants of RA by inactivating the wza gene using homologous recombination. We found that the mutant was failed to produce a capsule layer. The mutant was less resistant to killing by the host complement or by desiccation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the mutant strain was more hydrophobic, more able to auto-aggregate and underwent increased biofilm formation. Moreover, the mutant was less virulent than the wild-type in vivo studies. In summary, we found that the RA capsule was involved in the desiccation and oxidative stress, surface hydrophobicity, complement-mediated killing, biofilm formation, and virulence.
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68
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Parrilli E, Papa R, Carillo S, Tilotta M, Casillo A, Sannino F, Cellini A, Artini M, Selan L, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML. Anti-biofilm activity of pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis tac125 against staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm: Evidence of a signal molecule involvement? Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2017; 28:104-13. [PMID: 25816412 DOI: 10.1177/0394632015572751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is recognized as cause of biofilm-associated infections and interest in the development of new approaches for S. epidermidis biofilm treatment has increased. In a previous paper we reported that the supernatant of Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 presents an anti-biofilm activity against S. epidermidis and preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the supernatant suggested that this activity is due to a polysaccharide. In this work we further investigated the chemical nature of the anti-biofilm P. haloplanktis TAC125 molecule. The production of the molecule was evaluated in different conditions, and reported data demonstrated that it is produced in all P. haloplanktis TAC125 biofilm growth stages, also in minimal medium and at different temperatures. By using a surface coating assay, the surfactant nature of the anti-biofilm compound was excluded. Moreover, a purification procedure was set up and the analysis of an enriched fraction demonstrated that the anti-biofilm activity is not due to a polysaccharide molecule but that it is due to small hydrophobic molecules that likely work as signal. The enriched fraction was also used to evaluate the effect on S. epidermidis biofilm formation in dynamic condition by BioFlux system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - R Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - S Carillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - F Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy Institute of Protein Biochemistry, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - A Cellini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - M M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - M L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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69
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Casillo A, Papa R, Ricciardelli A, Sannino F, Ziaco M, Tilotta M, Selan L, Marino G, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML, Artini M, Parrilli E. Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Long-Chain Fatty Aldehyde from Antarctic Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 against Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:46. [PMID: 28280714 PMCID: PMC5322152 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a harmless human skin colonizer responsible for ~20% of orthopedic device-related infections due to its capability to form biofilm. Nowadays there is an interest in the development of anti-biofilm molecules. Marine bacteria represent a still underexploited source of biodiversity able to synthesize a broad range of bioactive compounds, including anti-biofilm molecules. Previous results have demonstrated that the culture supernatant of Antarctic marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 impairs the formation of S. epidermidis biofilm. Further, evidence supports the hydrophobic nature of the active molecule, which has been suggested to act as a signal molecule. In this paper we describe an efficient activity-guided purification protocol which allowed us to purify this anti-biofilm molecule and structurally characterize it by NMR and mass spectrometry analyses. Our results demonstrate that the anti-biofilm molecule is pentadecanal, a long-chain fatty aldehyde, whose anti-S. epidermidis biofilm activity has been assessed using both static and dynamic biofilm assays. The specificity of its action on S. epidermidis biofilm has been demonstrated by testing chemical analogs of pentadecanal differing either in the length of the aliphatic chain or in their functional group properties. Further, indications of the mode of action of pentadecanal have been collected by studying the bioluminescence of a Vibrio harveyi reporter strain for the detection of autoinducer AI-2 like activities. The data collected suggest that pentadecanal acts as an AI-2 signal. Moreover, the aldehyde metabolic role and synthesis in the Antarctic source strain has been investigated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of an anti-biofilm molecule form from cold-adapted bacteria and on the action of a long-chain fatty aldehyde acting as an anti-biofilm molecule against S. epidermidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Annarita Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Ziaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Marino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Maria M Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Maria L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo Naples, Italy
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70
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Dragoš A, Kovács ÁT. The Peculiar Functions of the Bacterial Extracellular Matrix. Trends Microbiol 2017; 25:257-266. [PMID: 28089324 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A biofilm is a common life form where bacterial cells crowd together surrounded by an extracellular matrix (ECM). Traditionally, the ECM is considered as a structural material that glues and shields the biofilm cells. Here we describe alternative functions of the ECM, highlighting how it benefits microbes beyond the biofilms. Next to protecting free-living cells, the ECM participates in signaling, migration, and genetic exchange either being freely shared with other species or being exclusive to siblings. Considering the structural and recently discovered functions of the ECM, we also attempt to revise its role in sociomicrobiology. In the light of recent findings, the canonical view on ECM as a passive structural material of biofilms should be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dragoš
- Terrestrial Biofilms Group, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ákos T Kovács
- Terrestrial Biofilms Group, Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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71
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Paniagua-Contreras GL, Hernández-Jaimes T, Monroy-Pérez E, Vaca-Paniagua F, Díaz-Velásquez C, Uribe-García A, Vaca S. Comprehensive expression analysis of pathogenicity genes in uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Microb Pathog 2016; 103:1-7. [PMID: 27993701 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated distinct expression patterns of genes encoding iron-acquisition systems, adhesins, protectins, and toxins in human uroepithelial cells infected with 194 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains in vitro. We assessed the association of these genes with antibiotic resistance genes in this group of UPEC strains, previously characterised by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Strains were isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) from Unidad Médica Familiar de Salud Pública, located in Estado de México, México. Antibiotic resistance genes were identified by PCR, and the expression of virulence genes was detected by reverse-transcriptase-PCR after in vitro infection of cultured A431 human keratinocytes derived from a vulvar epidermoid carcinoma. The most frequently expressed virulence genotypes among the investigated UPEC strains included usp (68%), iha (64.9%), kpsMT (61.3%), fim (58.2%), irp2 (48.4), papC (33.5%), set (31.4%) and astA (30.9%), whereas the most frequently detected antibiotic resistance genes were tet(A) (34%), sul1 (31.4%) and TEM (26.3%). Furthermore, the most abundant pattern of gene expression (irp2/fim/iha/kpsMT/usp), associated with 8 different combinations of antibiotic resistance genotypes, was exhibited by 28 strains (14.4%). Taken together, these results indicate collective participation of distinct virulence UPEC genotypes during in vitro infection of cultured human epithelial cells, suggesting their potential involvement in UTI pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Luz Paniagua-Contreras
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Hernández-Jaimes
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Eric Monroy-Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Clara Díaz-Velásquez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Alina Uribe-García
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Vaca
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Edo. de México, Mexico.
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72
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Salas-Jara MJ, Sanhueza EA, Retamal-Díaz A, González C, Urrutia H, García A. Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C biofilm formation on AGS and Caco-2 cells and Helicobacter pylori inhibition. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1245-1257. [PMID: 27834106 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1249367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the human isolate Lactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C to form biofilm and synthesize exopolysaccharide on abiotic and biotic models is described. These properties were compared with the well-known Lactobacillus casei Shirota to better understand their anti-Helicobacter pylori probiotic activities. The two strains of lactobacilli synthesized exopolysaccharide as detected by the Dubois method and formed biofilm on abiotic and biotic surfaces visualized by crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. Concomitantly, these strains inhibited H. pylori urease activity by up to 80.4% (strain UCO-979C) and 66.8% (strain Shirota) in gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells, but the two species showed equal levels of inhibition (~84%) in colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. The results suggest that L. fermentum UCO-979C has probiotic potential against H. pylori infections. However, further analyses are needed to explain the increased activity observed against the pathogen in AGS cells as compared to L. casei Shirota.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Salas-Jara
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - E A Sanhueza
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - A Retamal-Díaz
- b Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - C González
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - H Urrutia
- c Laboratorio de Investigación de Estructura, Función y Aplicaciones en Biotecnología Ambiental de Biopelículas Microbianas, Centro de Biotecnología , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
| | - A García
- a Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Universidad de Concepción , Concepción , Chile
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73
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Barros J, Grenho L, Fontenente S, Manuel CM, Nunes OC, Melo LF, Monteiro FJ, Ferraz MP. Staphylococcus aureusandEscherichia colidual-species biofilms on nanohydroxyapatite loaded with CHX or ZnO nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:491-497. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Barros
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fontenente
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto; Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Cândida M. Manuel
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- ULP-Universidade Lusófona do Porto; Portugal
| | - Olga C. Nunes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Luís F. Melo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Departamento de Engenharia Química; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Monteiro
- FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica; Universidade do Porto; Portugal
| | - Maria P. Ferraz
- FP-ENAS/CEBIMED; University Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit/Biomedical Research Center; Porto Portugal
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74
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Ghoul M, Mitri S. The Ecology and Evolution of Microbial Competition. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:833-845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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75
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Tan Y, Leonhard M, Moser D, Ma S, Schneider-Stickler B. Inhibition of mixed fungal and bacterial biofilms on silicone by carboxymethyl chitosan. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148:193-199. [PMID: 27595894 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mixed biofilms with fungi and bacteria are the leading cause for the failure of medical silicone devices, such as voice prostheses in laryngectomy. In this study, we determined the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chitosan) on mixed biofilm formation of fungi and bacteria on silicone which is widely used for construction of medical devices. Mixed biofilm formations were inhibited 72.87% by CM-chitosan. Furthermore, CM-chitosan significantly decreased the metabolic activity of the biofilms using 2, 3-bis (2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfo-phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5 carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay. The examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscope confirmed that CM-chitosan inhibited the mixed biofilm and damaged the cells. Effects of CM-chitosan on different stages of biofilms were also evaluated. CM-chitosan inhibited the adhesion of fungi and bacteria with an efficiency of >90%. It prevented biofilm formation at efficiencies of 69.86%, 50.88% and 46.58% when CM-chitosan was added at 90min, 12h and 24h after biofilm initiation, respectively. Moreover, CM-chitosan inhibited Candida yeast-to-hyphal transition. CM-chitosan was not only able to inhibit the metabolic activity of biofilms, but also active upon the establishment and development of biofilm. Therefore, CM-chitosan may serve as a possible antibiofilm agent to limit biofilm formation on voice prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Leonhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Su Ma
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Berit Schneider-Stickler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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76
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Lee KJ, Lee MA, Hwang W, Park H, Lee KH. Deacylated lipopolysaccharides inhibit biofilm formation by Gram-negative bacteria. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:711-723. [PMID: 27294580 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1193595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular polysaccharides of Vibrio vulnificus play different roles during biofilm development. Among them, the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is crucial for bacterial adherence to surfaces during the initial stage of biofilm formation, on the formation process was examined using various types of LPS extracts. Exogenously added LPS strongly inhibited biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the exogenous addition of a deacylated form of LPS (dLPS) also inhibited biofilm formation. However, an LPS fraction extracted from a mutant not able to produce O-antigen polysaccharides (O-Ag) did not have an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, biofilm formation by several Gram-negative bacteria was inhibited by dLPS addition. In contrast, biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria was not influenced by dLPS but was affected by lipoteichoic acid. Therefore, this study demonstrates that O-Ag in LPS is important for inhibiting biofilm formation and may serve an efficient anti-biofilm agent specific for Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jo Lee
- a Department of Life Science , Sogang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ae Lee
- a Department of Life Science , Sogang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hwang
- a Department of Life Science , Sogang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Park
- a Department of Life Science , Sogang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- a Department of Life Science , Sogang University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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77
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Multidrug resistant pathogenic bacterial biofilm inhibition by Lactobacillus plantarum exopolysaccharide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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Tan Y, Leonhard M, Moser D, Schneider-Stickler B. Antibiofilm activity of carboxymethyl chitosan on the biofilms of non-Candida albicans Candida species. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 149:77-82. [PMID: 27261732 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to Candida albicans, non-C. albicans Candida species have been isolated in increasing numbers in patients. In this study, we determined the inhibition of carboxymethyl chitosan (CM-chitosan) on single and mixed species biofilm of non-albicans Candida species, including Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei and Candida glabrata. Biofilm by all tested species in microtiter plates were inhibited nearly 70%. CM-chitosan inhibited mixed species biofilm in microtiter plates and also on medical materials surfaces. To investigate the mechanism, the effect of CM-chitosan on cell viability and biofilm growth was employed. CM-chitosan inhibited Candida planktonic growth as well as adhesion. Further biofilm formation was inhibited with CM-chitosan added at 90min, 12h or 24h after biofilm initiation. CM-chitosan was not only able to inhibit the metabolic activity of Candida cells, but was also active upon the establishment and the development of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Tan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Leonhard
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Berit Schneider-Stickler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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79
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Miquel S, Lagrafeuille R, Souweine B, Forestier C. Anti-biofilm Activity as a Health Issue. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:592. [PMID: 27199924 PMCID: PMC4845594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and persistence of surface-attached microbial communities, known as biofilms, are responsible for 75% of human microbial infections (National Institutes of Health). Biofilm lifestyle confers several advantages to the pathogens, notably during the colonization process of medical devices and/or patients’ organs. In addition, sessile bacteria have a high tolerance to exogenous stress including anti-infectious agents. Biofilms are highly competitive communities and some microorganisms exhibit anti-biofilm capacities such as bacterial growth inhibition, exclusion or competition, which enable them to acquire advantages and become dominant. The deciphering and control of anti-biofilm properties represent future challenges in human infection control. The aim of this review is to compare and discuss the mechanisms of natural bacterial anti-biofilm strategies/mechanisms recently identified in pathogenic, commensal and probiotic bacteria and the main synthetic strategies used in clinical practice, particularly for catheter-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - UMR, CNRS 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Rosyne Lagrafeuille
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - UMR, CNRS 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Souweine
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - UMR, CNRS 6023, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France; Service de Réanimation Médicale Polyvalente, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-FerrandFrance
| | - Christiane Forestier
- Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - UMR, CNRS 6023, Université Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
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80
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Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are dense and often mixed-species surface-attached communities in which bacteria coexist and compete for limited space and nutrients. Here we present the different antagonistic interactions described in biofilm environments and their underlying molecular mechanisms, along with ecological and evolutionary insights as to how competitive interactions arise and are maintained within biofilms.
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81
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Vale PF, McNally L, Doeschl-Wilson A, King KC, Popat R, Domingo-Sananes MR, Allen JE, Soares MP, Kümmerli R. Beyond killing: Can we find new ways to manage infection? EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:148-57. [PMID: 27016341 PMCID: PMC4834974 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eow012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic pipeline is running dry and infectious disease remains a major threat to public health. An efficient strategy to stay ahead of rapidly adapting pathogens should include approaches that replace, complement or enhance the effect of both current and novel antimicrobial compounds. In recent years, a number of innovative approaches to manage disease without the aid of traditional antibiotics and without eliminating the pathogens directly have emerged. These include disabling pathogen virulence-factors, increasing host tissue damage control or altering the microbiota to provide colonization resistance, immune resistance or disease tolerance against pathogens. We discuss the therapeutic potential of these approaches and examine their possible consequences for pathogen evolution. To guarantee a longer half-life of these alternatives to directly killing pathogens, and to gain a full understanding of their population-level consequences, we encourage future work to incorporate evolutionary perspectives into the development of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro F Vale
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Luke McNally
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | | | - Kayla C King
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Roman Popat
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Maria R Domingo-Sananes
- Institute for Genetics and Development of Rennes - CNRS UMR 6290, 2, Avenue Du Pr. Léon Bernard, Rennes 35043, France
| | - Judith E Allen
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Miguel P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian De Ciência, Rua Da Quinta Grande, 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Rolf Kümmerli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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82
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Ribeiro SM, Cardoso MH, Cândido EDS, Franco OL. Understanding, preventing and eradicating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:527-38. [PMID: 27064296 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.16.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria to aggregate and form biofilm represents a great problem for public health, since they present extracellular components that encase these micro-organisms, making them more resistant to antibiotics and host immune attack. This may become worse when antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains form biofilms. However, antibiofilm screens with different compounds may reveal potential therapies to prevent/treat biofilm infections. Here, we focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic bacterium that causes different types of infections, including in the bloodstream, meninges, lungs, urinary system and at surgical sites. We also highlight aspects involved in the formation and maintenance of K. pneumoniae biofilms, as well as resistance and the emergence of new trends to combat this health challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Meira Ribeiro
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande- MS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande- MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Elizabete de Souza Cândido
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande- MS, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.,S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande- MS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
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83
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Wu S, Liu G, Jin W, Xiu P, Sun C. Antibiofilm and Anti-Infection of a Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharide Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:102. [PMID: 26903981 PMCID: PMC4744842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms and produces virulence factors, thus leading to major problems in many fields, such as clinical infection, food contamination, and marine biofouling. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of an exopolysaccharide EPS273 from the culture supernatant of marine bacterium P. stutzeri 273. The exopolysaccharide EPS273 not only effectively inhibits biofilm formation but also disperses preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1. High performance liquid chromatography traces of the hydrolyzed polysaccharides shows that EPS273 primarily consists of glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. Further investigation demonstrates that EPS273 reduces the production of the virulence factors pyocyanin, exoprotease, and rhamnolipid, and the virulence of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to human lung cells A549 and zebrafish embryos is also obviously attenuated by EPS273. In addition, EPS273 also greatly reduces the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and extracellular DNA (eDNA), which are important factors for biofilm formation. Furthermore, EPS273 exhibits strong antioxidant potential by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Notably, the antibiofouling activity of EPS273 is observed in the marine environment up to 2 weeks according to the amounts of bacteria and diatoms in the glass slides submerged in the ocean. Taken together, the properties of EPS273 indicate that it has a promising prospect in combating bacterial biofilm-associated infection, food-processing contamination and marine biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China
| | - Pengyuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China
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84
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Parrilli E, Ricciardelli A, Casillo A, Sannino F, Papa R, Tilotta M, Artini M, Selan L, Corsaro MM, Tutino ML. Large-scale biofilm cultivation of Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 for physiologic studies and drug discovery. Extremophiles 2016; 20:227-34. [PMID: 26847199 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0813-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are mainly studied due to detrimental effects on human health but they are also well established in industrial biotechnology for the production of chemicals. Moreover, biofilm can be considered as a source of novel drugs since the conditions prevailing within biofilm can allow the production of specific metabolites. Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis TAC125 when grown in biofilm condition produces an anti-biofilm molecule able to inhibit the biofilm of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this paper we set up a P. haloplanktis TAC125 biofilm cultivation methodology in automatic bioreactor. The biofilm cultivation was designated to obtain two goals: (1) the scale up of cell-free supernatant production in an amount necessary for the anti-biofilm molecule/s purification; (2) the recovery of P. haloplanktis TAC125 cells grown in biofilm for physiological studies. We set up a fluidized-bed reactor fermentation in which floating polystyrene supports were homogeneously mixed, exposing an optimal air-liquid interface to let bacterium biofilm formation. The proposed methodology allowed a large-scale production of anti-biofilm molecule and paved the way to study differences between P. haloplanktis TAC125 cells grown in biofilm and in planktonic conditions. In particular, the modifications occurring in the lipopolysaccharide of cells grown in biofilm were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermenegilda Parrilli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Ricciardelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Casillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Michela Corsaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II University, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
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85
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Papa R, Selan L, Parrilli E, Tilotta M, Sannino F, Feller G, Tutino ML, Artini M. Anti-Biofilm Activities from Marine Cold Adapted Bacteria Against Staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1333. [PMID: 26696962 PMCID: PMC4677098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have great negative impacts on the world’s economy and pose serious problems to industry, public health and medicine. The interest in the development of new approaches for the prevention and treatment of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation has increased. Since, bacterial pathogens living in biofilm induce persistent chronic infections due to the resistance to antibiotics and host immune system. A viable approach should target adhesive properties without affecting bacterial vitality in order to avoid the appearance of resistant mutants. Many bacteria secrete anti-biofilm molecules that function in regulating biofilm architecture or mediating the release of cells from it during the dispersal stage of biofilm life cycle. Cold-adapted marine bacteria represent an untapped reservoir of biodiversity able to synthesize a broad range of bioactive compounds, including anti-biofilm molecules. The anti-biofilm activity of cell-free supernatants derived from sessile and planktonic cultures of cold-adapted bacteria belonging to Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter, and Psychromonas species were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Reported results demonstrate that we have selected supernatants, from cold-adapted marine bacteria, containing non-biocidal agents able to destabilize biofilm matrix of all tested pathogens without killing cells. A preliminary physico-chemical characterization of supernatants was also performed, and these analyses highlighted the presence of molecules of different nature that act by inhibiting biofilm formation. Some of them are also able to impair the initial attachment of the bacterial cells to the surface, thus likely containing molecules acting as anti-biofilm surfactant molecules. The described ability of cold-adapted bacteria to produce effective anti-biofilm molecules paves the way to further characterization of the most promising molecules and to test their use in combination with conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Tilotta
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Georges Feller
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Centre for Protein Engineering, University of Liège Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria L Tutino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University Rome, Italy
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86
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Bergmann M, Michaud G, Visini R, Jin X, Gillon E, Stocker A, Imberty A, Darbre T, Reymond JL. Multivalency effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm inhibition and dispersal by glycopeptide dendrimers targeting lectin LecA. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 14:138-48. [PMID: 26416170 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01682g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The galactose specific lectin LecA partly mediates the formation of antibiotic resistant biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen causing lethal airways infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, suggesting that preventing LecA binding to natural saccharides might provide new opportunities for treatment. Here 8-fold (G3) and 16-fold (G4) galactosylated analogs of GalAG2, a tetravalent G2 glycopeptide dendrimer LecA ligand and P. aeruginosa biofilm inhibitor, were obtained by convergent chloroacetyl thioether (ClAc) ligation between 4-fold or 8-fold chloroacetylated dendrimer cores and digalactosylated dendritic arms. Hemagglutination inhibition, isothermal titration calorimetry and biofilm inhibition assays showed that G3 dendrimers bind LecA slightly better than their parent G2 dendrimers and induce complete biofilm inhibition and dispersal of P. aeruginosa biofilms, while G4 dendrimers show reduced binding and no biofilm inhibition. A binding model accounting for the observed saturation of glycopeptide dendrimer galactosyl groups and LecA binding sites is proposed based on the crystal structure of a G3 dendrimer LecA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Berne, Switzerland.
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87
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Srivastava S, Bhargava A. Biofilms and human health. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:1-22. [PMID: 26386834 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm can be defined as a surface-attached (sessile) community of microorganisms embedded and growing in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These biofilm communities can be found in medical, industrial and natural environments, and can also be engineered in vitro for various biotechnological applications. Biofilms play a significant role in the transmission and persistence of human disease especially for diseases associated with inert surfaces, including medical devices for internal or external use. Biofilm infections on implants or in-dwelling devices are difficult to eradicate because of their much better protection against macrophages and antibiotics, compared to free living cells, leading to severe clinical complications often with lethal outcome. Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided novel approaches to preventing and dispersing biofilm related infections and potentially providing a novel method for fighting infections that is nondrug related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India.
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88
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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89
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Valotteau C, Calers C, Casale S, Berton J, Stevens CV, Babonneau F, Pradier CM, Humblot V, Baccile N. Biocidal Properties of a Glycosylated Surface: Sophorolipids on Au(111). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:18086-18095. [PMID: 26247605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Classical antibacterial surfaces usually involve antiadhesive and/or biocidal strategies. Glycosylated surfaces are usually used to prevent biofilm formation via antiadhesive mechanisms. We report here the first example of a glycosylated surface with biocidal properties created by the covalent grafting of sophorolipids (a sophorose unit linked by a glycosidic bond to an oleic acid) through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of short aminothiols on gold (111) surfaces. The biocidal effect of such surfaces on Gram+ bacteria was assessed by a wide combination of techniques including microscopy observations, fluorescent staining, and bacterial growth tests. About 50% of the bacteria are killed via alteration of the cell envelope. In addition, the roles of the sophorose unit and aliphatic chain configuration are highlighted by the lack of activity of substrates modified, respectively, with sophorose-free oleic acid and sophorolipid-derivative having a saturated aliphatic chain. This system demonstrates thus the direct implication of a carbohydrate in the destabilization and disruption of the bacterial cell envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Valotteau
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Calers
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandra Casale
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jan Berton
- §SynBioC Research Group, Departement of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christian V Stevens
- §SynBioC Research Group, Departement of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Florence Babonneau
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire-Marie Pradier
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Humblot
- ‡Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, UMR 7197, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Niki Baccile
- †Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UMR 7574, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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90
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Subashchandrabose S, Mobley HLT. Virulence and Fitness Determinants of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2015; 3:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0015-2012. [PMID: 26350328 PMCID: PMC4566162 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0015-2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major global public health concern. Increasing antibiotic resistance found in clinical UPEC isolates underscores the immediate need for development of novel therapeutics against this pathogen. Better understanding of the fitness and virulence mechanisms that are integral to the pathogenesis of UTI will facilitate identification of novel strategies to prevent and treat infection with UPEC. Working towards that goal, the global UPEC research community has made great strides at unraveling various virulence and fitness genes. Here, we summarize major findings on virulence and fitness determinants that enable UPEC to successfully survive and colonize the urinary tract of mammalian hosts. Major sections of this chapter are devoted to the role of iron acquisition systems, metabolic pathways, fimbriae, flagella, toxins, biofilm formation, capsule, and strain-specific genes in the initiation and progression of UTIs. Transcriptomes of UPEC during experimental UTI in a murine model and naturally occurring UTI in women are compared to elucidate virulence mechanisms specifically involved in human UTI. Capitalizing on the advances in molecular pathogenesis research by translating these findings will help develop better clinical strategies for prevention and management of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry L T Mobley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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91
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van Tilburg Bernardes E, Lewenza S, Reckseidler-Zenteno S. Current Research Approaches to Target Biofilm Infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:36-49. [PMID: 28748199 DOI: 10.14304/surya.jpr.v3n6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on strategies to develop new treatments that target the biofilm mode of growth and that can be used to treat biofilm infections. These approaches aim to reduce or inhibit biofilm formation, or to increase biofilm dispersion. Many antibiofilm compounds are not bactericidal but render the cells in a planktonic growth state, which are more susceptible to antibiotics and more easily cleared by the immune system. Novel compounds are being developed with antibiofilm activity that includes antimicrobial peptides, natural products, small molecules and polymers. Bacteriophages are being considered for use in treating biofilms, as well as the use of enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix polymers to dissolve biofilms. There is great potential in these new approaches for use in treating chronic biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik van Tilburg Bernardes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Shawn Lewenza
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada T9S 3A3
| | - Shauna Reckseidler-Zenteno
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada T9S 3A3
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92
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Sadekuzzaman M, Yang S, Mizan M, Ha S. Current and Recent Advanced Strategies for Combating Biofilms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sadekuzzaman
- School of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea Dept. of Livestock Services, People's Republic of Bangladesh
| | - S. Yang
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - M.F.R. Mizan
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
| | - S.D. Ha
- Chung-Ang Univ; 72-1 Nae-Ri Daedeok-Myun, Anseong Gyunggido 456-756 South Korea
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93
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Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:510-43. [PMID: 25184564 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00013-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 777] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments. Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have many negative effects, including biofilm-related infections in medical settings. The ability of pathogenic biofilms to survive in the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics is called "recalcitrance" and is a characteristic property of the biofilm lifestyle, leading to treatment failure and infection recurrence. This review presents our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm recalcitrance toward antibiotics and describes how recent progress has improved our capacity to design original and efficient strategies to prevent or eradicate biofilm-related infections.
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94
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Wang J, Zhao X, Yang Y, Zhao A, Yang Z. Characterization and bioactivities of an exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus plantarum YW32. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 74:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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95
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Sarkar S, Pires MM. d-Amino acids do not inhibit biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117613. [PMID: 25658642 PMCID: PMC4319739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can either exist in the planktonic (free floating) state or in the biofilm (encased within an organic framework) state. Bacteria biofilms cause industrial concerns and medical complications and there has been a great deal of interest in the discovery of small molecule agents that can inhibit the formation of biofilms or disperse existing structures. Herein we show that, contrary to previously published reports, d-amino acids do not inhibit biofilm formation of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Staphylococcus epidermis (S. epidermis) at millimolar concentrations. We evaluated a diverse set of natural and unnatural d-amino acids and observed no activity from these compounds in inhibiting biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marcos M. Pires
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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96
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The Control of Microbiological Problems∗∗Some excerpts taken from Bajpai P (2012). Biotechnology for Pulp and Paper Processing with kind permission from Springer Science1Business Media. PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY 2015. [PMCID: PMC7158184 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-803409-5.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methods used to control microbiological problems are discussed. Good housekeeping and regular inspection of all areas, effective boilouts, and regularly scheduled washups reduce slime development. Conventional slime control methods generally employ combinations of biocides. Alternative control measures use enzymes, biodispersants, bacteriophages, competing organisms, and biological complex formers. Using enzymes for slime control is expected to bring important benefits to the pulp and paper industry. Enzymes represent a clean and sustainable technology: they are nontoxic, readily biodegradable, and are produced using renewable raw materials. Use of enzymes in combination with biodispersants appears to be a promising method for slime control.
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97
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais AMMB, de Morais RMSC. Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. POLYSACCHARIDES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16298-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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98
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Farmer JT, Shimkevitch AV, Reilly PS, Mlynek KD, Jensen KS, Callahan MT, Bushaw-Newton KL, Kaplan JB. Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse antibiofilm compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1663-73. [PMID: 25179003 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to isolate novel antibiofilm compounds produced by environmental bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS Cell-free extracts were prepared from lawns of bacteria cultured on agar. A total of 126 bacteria isolated from soil, cave and river habitats were employed. Extracts were tested for their ability to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a 96-well microtitre plate assay. A total of 55/126 extracts (44%) significantly inhibited Staph. aureus biofilm. Seven extracts were selected for further analysis. The antibiofilm activities in all seven extracts exhibited unique patterns of molecular mass, chemical polarity, heat stability and spectrum of activity against Staph. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, suggesting that these seven antibiofilm activities were mediated by unique chemical compounds with different mechanisms of action. CONCLUSIONS Environmental bacteria produce abundant and diverse antibiofilm compounds. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Screening cell-free extracts is a useful method for identifying secreted compounds that regulate biofilm formation. Such compounds may represent a novel source of antibiofilm agents for technological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Farmer
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
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99
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Nagar E, Schwarz R. To be or not to be planktonic? Self-inhibition of biofilm development. Environ Microbiol 2014; 17:1477-86. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Nagar
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
| | - Rakefet Schwarz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences; Bar-Ilan University; Ramat-Gan 5290002 Israel
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100
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Li Y, Li Q, Hao D, Jiang D, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z. Production, Purification, and Antibiofilm Activity of a Novel Exopolysaccharide fromArthrobactersp. B4. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 45:192-204. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2014.907180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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