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Saed GM, Diamond MP, Fletcher NM. Updates of the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2017; 145:595-602. [PMID: 28237618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological investigations have provided evidence supporting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), collectively known as oxidative stress, in the etiology of cancer. Exogenous factors such as chronic inflammation, infection and hypoxia are major sources of cellular oxidative stress. Specifically, oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis, neoangiogenesis, and dissemination of local or distant ovarian cancer, as it is known to induce phenotypic modifications of tumor cells by cross talk between tumor cells and the surrounding stroma. Subsequently, the biological significance of the relationship between oxidative stress markers and various stages of epithelial ovarian cancer highlights potential therapeutic interventions as well as provides urgently needed early detection biomarkers. In the light of our scientific research and the most recent experimental and clinical observations, this review provides the reader with up to date most relevant findings on the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer and the possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Saed
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Michael P Diamond
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Nicole M Fletcher
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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Navarro JA, de Gouveia LA, Rocha-Penha L, Cinegaglia N, Belo V, Castro MMD, Sandrim VC. Reduced levels of potential circulating biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases in apparently healthy vegetarian men. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 461:110-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Omóbòwálé TO, Oyagbemi AA, Adejumobi OA, Orherhe EV, Amid AS, Adedapo AA, Nottidge HO, Yakubu MA. Preconditioning with Azadirachta indica ameliorates cardiorenal dysfunction through reduction in oxidative stress and extracellular signal regulated protein kinase signalling. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2016; 7:209-217. [PMID: 27894590 PMCID: PMC5192285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azadirachta indica is widely distributed in Africa, Asia and other tropical parts of the world. A. indica (AI) is traditionally used for the treatment of several conditions including cancer, hypertension, heart diseases and skin disorders. Intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion is a common pathway for many diseases and may lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and death. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the ameliorative effects of AI on intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury-induced cardiorenal dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty rats were divided into 6 groups; each containing 10. Corn oil was orally administered to group A (control) rats for 7 days without intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Group B underwent intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IIRI) without any pre-treatment. Groups C, D, E and F were pre-treated orally for 7 days with 100 mg/kg AI (100 and (200 mg/kg) vitamin C (100 and 200 mg/kg) respectively and thereafter underwent IIRI on the 8th day. RESULTS The cardiac and renal hydrogen peroxide increased significantly whereas serum xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in IIRI only when compared to the control. The cardiac and renal reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, protein thiol, non-protein thiol and serum nitric oxide (NO) decreased (p < 0.05) significantly following IIRI. Immunohistochemical evaluation of cardiac and renal tissues showed reduced expressions of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in rats with IIRI only. However, pre-treatment with A. indica and vitamin C significantly reduced markers of oxidative stress and inflammation together with improvement in antioxidant status. Also, reduced serum NO level was normalised in rats pre-treated with A. indica and vitamin C with concomitant higher expressions of cardiac and renal ERK1/2. CONCLUSIONS Together, A. indica and vitamin C prevented IRI-induced cardiorenal dysfunction via reduction in oxidative stress, improvement in antioxidant defence system and increase in the ERK1/2 expressions. Therefore, A. indica can be a useful chemopreventive agent in the prevention and treatment of conditions associated with intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Eguonor Vivian Orherhe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adetayo Sadudeen Amid
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Departments of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Helen Olubukola Nottidge
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Avenue, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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Peng H, Chen L, Huang X, Yang T, Yu Z, Cheng G, Zhang G, Shi R. Vascular peroxidase 1 up regulation by angiotensin II attenuates nitric oxide production through increasing asymmetrical dimethylarginine in HUVECs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:741-751.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gonçalves-Rizzi VH, Possomato-Vieira JS, Sales Graça TU, Nascimento RA, Dias-Junior CA. Sodium nitrite attenuates hypertension-in-pregnancy and blunts increases in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 and in vascular endothelial growth factor. Nitric Oxide 2016; 57:71-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Derosa G, Mugellini A, Pesce RM, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Olmesartan Combined With Amlodipine on Oxidative Stress Parameters in Type 2 Diabetics, Compared With Single Therapies: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3084. [PMID: 27043671 PMCID: PMC4998532 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of a fixed combination of olmesartan/amlodipine compared with olmesartan or amlodipine alone on some parameters of endothelial damage in diabetic, hypertensive patients.We enrolled 221 patients; 74 were randomized to olmesartan 20 mg, 72 to amlodipine 10 mg, and 75 to olmesartan/amlodipine fixed combination 20/5 mg for 12 months. We assessed blood pressure monthly; in addition, we also assessed at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months, the following parameters: lipoprotein (a), myeloperoxidase (MPO), isoprostanes, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Blood pressure values obtained with fixed olmesartan/amlodipine combination were significantly lower than those reached with single monotherapies. There was a reduction of lipoprotein (a), and isoprostanes levels with olmesartan/amlodipine fixed combination, both compared with baseline, and with single monotherapies. On the other hand, there was an increase of PON-1 with fixed olmesartan/amlodipine combination, both compared with baseline, and with single drugs. All treatments reduced MPO compared with baseline; however, in group-to-group comparison, MPO reduction was greater with olmesartan/amlodipine fixed combination. Fixed combination of olmesartan/amlodipine was more effective than single monotherapies in reducing oxidative stress, especially in increasing PON-1, and reducing isoprostanes levels in diabetic and hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- From the Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (GD, AM, RMP, ADA, PM); Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research (GD); Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (GD, ADA); and PhD School in Experimental Medicine (PM), University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Bushueva O, Solodilova M, Ivanov V, Polonikov A. Gender-specific protective effect of the −463G>A polymorphism of myeloperoxidase gene against the risk of essential hypertension in Russians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:902-6. [PMID: 26431910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2015.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ahmadi A, Kini A, Narula J. Discordance between ischemia and stenosis, or PINSS and NIPSS: are we ready for new vocabulary? JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:111-114. [PMID: 25592703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ahmadi
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Jagat Narula
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Souparnika S, D'Souza B, D'Souza V, Kumar S, Manjrekar P, Bairy M, Parthasarathy R, Kosuru S. Emerging Role of Myeloperoxidase in the Prognosis of Nephrotic Syndrome Patients Before and After Steroid Therapy. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:BC01-4. [PMID: 26393116 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12532.6222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a myelocyte derived iron containing enzyme particularly involved in host defense by destroying foreign micro organisms invading the body. Numerous evidences suggest that MPO is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, especially atherosclerosis. AIM Present study deals with the role of MPO in the renal function and progression of disease in Nephrotic syndrome patients. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGS Case- Control Study carried out in Kasturba Medical College Hospital, Mangalore, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty newly diagnosed Nephrotic syndrome cases, 40 age and sex matched healthy controls and 15 subjects in Nephrotic syndrome remission, were included in the study. Myeloperoxidase enzyme was assayed by 4 amino antipyrine methods in all the subjects. Other renal parameters like urea, creatinine, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), BUN- Creatinine ratio (BUN/Cr) total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin - globulin ratio (A/G ratio) and estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) were also analysed. 24 hour urine protein-creatinine ratio was estimated in Nephrotic syndrome cases and remission group by turbidimetric assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Students paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test were used for the comparison of the data. Pearson and Spearman analyses were used for correlation of the parameters. RESULTS MPO levels were found to be high in Nephrotic syndrome cases when compared to healthy controls. Urea, creatinine, BUN, BUN/Cr ratio and eGFR were high in Nephrotic syndrome cases while total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio showed decreased levels. MPO had a positive correlation with creatinine and urine protein-creatinine ratio in Nephrotic syndrome. During remission, MPO levels decreased significantly while total protein and albumin levels increased. CONCLUSION Myeloperoxidase enzyme is found to be elevated and it strongly correlated with the severity of disease in Nephrotic syndrome. Further studies can be done to use MPO as a therapeutic target in Nephrotic syndrome to ameliorate the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelatha Souparnika
- Senior Research Fellow, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | - Benedicta D'Souza
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | - Vivian D'Souza
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | - Sushanth Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | - Poornima Manjrekar
- Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | - Manohar Bairy
- Associate Professor, Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
| | | | - Srinivas Kosuru
- Post Graduate, Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College , Mangalore, Manipal University, India
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Belotte J, Fletcher NM, Saed MG, Abusamaan MS, Dyson G, Diamond MP, Saed GM. A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Catalase Is Strongly Associated with Ovarian Cancer Survival. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135739. [PMID: 26301412 PMCID: PMC4547699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest of all gynecologic cancers. Recent evidence demonstrates an association between enzymatic activity altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with human cancer susceptibility. We sought to evaluate the association of SNPs in key oxidant and antioxidant enzymes with increased risk and survival in epithelial ovarian cancer. Individuals (n = 143) recruited were divided into controls, (n = 94): healthy volunteers, (n = 18), high-risk BRCA1/2 negative (n = 53), high-risk BRCA1/2 positive (n = 23) and ovarian cancer cases (n = 49). DNA was subjected to TaqMan SNP genotype analysis for selected oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Of the seven selected SNP studied, no association with ovarian cancer risk (Pearson Chi-square) was found. However, a catalase SNP was identified as a predictor of ovarian cancer survival by the Cox regression model. The presence of this SNP was associated with a higher likelihood of death (hazard ratio (HR) of 3.68 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.149–11.836)) for ovarian cancer patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significant median overall survival difference (108 versus 60 months, p<0.05) for those without the catalase SNP as compared to those with the SNP. Additionally, age at diagnosis greater than the median was found to be a significant predictor of death (HR of 2.78 (95% CI: 1.022–7.578)). This study indicates a strong association with the catalase SNP and survival of ovarian cancer patients, and thus may serve as a prognosticator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Belotte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Fletcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohammed G. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Mohammed S. Abusamaan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1) is a member of a unique class of mammalian haem dioxygenases that catalyse the oxidative catabolism of the least-abundant essential amino acid, L-Trp (L-tryptophan), along the kynurenine pathway. Significant increases in knowledge have been recently gained with respect to understanding the fundamental biochemistry of IDO1 including its catalytic reaction mechanism, the scope of enzyme reactions it catalyses, the biochemical mechanisms controlling IDO1 expression and enzyme activity, and the discovery of enzyme inhibitors. Major advances in understanding the roles of IDO1 in physiology and disease have also been realised. IDO1 is recognised as a prominent immune regulatory enzyme capable of modulating immune cell activation status and phenotype via several molecular mechanisms including enzyme-dependent deprivation of L-Trp and its conversion into the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand kynurenine and other bioactive kynurenine pathway metabolites, or non-enzymatic cell signalling actions involving tyrosine phosphorylation of IDO1. Through these different modes of biochemical signalling, IDO1 regulates certain physiological functions (e.g. pregnancy) and modulates the pathogenesis and severity of diverse conditions including chronic inflammation, infectious disease, allergic and autoimmune disorders, transplantation, neuropathology and cancer. In the present review, we detail the current understanding of IDO1’s catalytic actions and the biochemical mechanisms regulating IDO1 expression and activity. We also discuss the biological functions of IDO1 with a focus on the enzyme's immune-modulatory function, its medical implications in diverse pathological settings and its utility as a therapeutic target.
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Kalász J, Pásztor ET, Fagyas M, Balogh Á, Tóth A, Csató V, Édes I, Papp Z, Borbély A. Myeloperoxidase impairs the contractile function in isolated human cardiomyocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 84:116-127. [PMID: 25770662 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We set out to characterize the mechanical effects of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in isolated left-ventricular human cardiomyocytes. Oxidative myofilament protein modifications (sulfhydryl (SH)-group oxidation and carbonylation) induced by the peroxidase and chlorinating activities of MPO were additionally identified. The specificity of the MPO-evoked functional alterations was tested with an MPO inhibitor (MPO-I) and the antioxidant amino acid Met. The combined application of MPO and its substrate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), largely reduced the active force (Factive), increased the passive force (Fpassive), and decreased the Ca(2+) sensitivity of force production (pCa50) in permeabilized cardiomyocytes. H2O2 alone had significantly smaller effects on Factive and Fpassive and did not alter pCa50. The MPO-I blocked both the peroxidase and the chlorinating activities, whereas Met selectively inhibited the chlorinating activity of MPO. All of the MPO-induced functional effects could be prevented by the MPO-I and Met. Both H2O2 alone and MPO + H2O2 reduced the SH content of actin and increased the carbonylation of actin and myosin-binding protein C to the same extent. Neither the SH oxidation nor the carbonylation of the giant sarcomeric protein titin was affected by these treatments. MPO activation induces a cardiomyocyte dysfunction by affecting Ca(2+)-regulated active and Ca(2+)-independent passive force production and myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity, independent of protein SH oxidation and carbonylation. The MPO-induced deleterious functional alterations can be prevented by the MPO-I and Met. Inhibition of MPO may be a promising therapeutic target to limit myocardial contractile dysfunction during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő T Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Balogh
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Csató
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Borbély
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Csató V, Pető A, Fülöp GÁ, Rutkai I, Pásztor ET, Fagyas M, Kalász J, Édes I, Tóth A, Papp Z. Myeloperoxidase evokes substantial vasomotor responses in isolated skeletal muscle arterioles of the rat. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:109-23. [PMID: 25760778 PMCID: PMC4654238 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims Myeloperoxidase (MPO) catalyses the formation of a wide variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and contributes to cardiovascular disease progression. We hypothesized that during its action MPO evokes substantial vasomotor responses. Methods Following exposure to MPO (1.92 mU mL−1) in the presence of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), changes in arteriolar diameter of isolated gracilis skeletal muscle arterioles (SMAs) and coronary arterioles (CAs) and in the isometric force in basilar arteries (BAs) of the rat were monitored. Results Myeloperoxidase increased vascular tone to different degrees in CAs, SMAs and BAs. The mechanism of increased vasoconstriction was studied in detail in SMAs. MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were prevented by the MPO inhibitor 4-aminobenzhydrazide (50 μm), by endothelium removal in the SMAs. Surprisingly, the HOCl scavenger L-methionine (100 μm), the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist SQ-29548 (1 μm) or the non-specific cyclooxygenase (COX) antagonist indomethacin (1 μm) converted the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions to pronounced vasodilations in SMAs, not seen in the presence of H2O2. In contrast to noradrenaline-induced vasoconstrictions, the MPO-evoked vasoconstrictions were not accompanied by significant increases in arteriolar [Ca2+] levels in SMAs. Conclusion These data showed that H2O2-derived HOCl to be a potent vasoconstrictor upon MPO application. HOCl activated the COX pathway, causing the synthesis and release of a TXA2-like substance to increase the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus in vascular smooth muscle cells and thereby to augment H2O2-evoked vasoconstrictions. Nevertheless, inhibition of the HOCl–COX–TXA2 pathway unmasked the effects of additional MPO-derived radicals with a marked vasodilatory potential in SMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Csató
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Pető
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - G. Á. Fülöp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Rutkai
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - E. T. Pásztor
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - M. Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - J. Kalász
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - I. Édes
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - A. Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
| | - Z. Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology Institute of Cardiology Research Center for Molecular Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Debrecen Debrecen Hungary
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Shaeib F, Khan SN, Ali I, Najafi T, Maitra D, Abdulhamid I, Saed GM, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. Melatonin prevents myeloperoxidase heme destruction and the generation of free iron mediated by self-generated hypochlorous acid. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120737. [PMID: 25835505 PMCID: PMC4383586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) generated hypochlorous acid (HOCl) formed during catalysis is able to destroy the MPO heme moiety through a feedback mechanism, resulting in the accumulation of free iron. Here we show that the presence of melatonin (MLT) can prevent HOCl-mediated MPO heme destruction using a combination of UV-visible photometry, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-specific electrode, and ferrozine assay techniques. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that MPO heme protection was at the expense of MLT oxidation. The full protection of the MPO heme requires the presence of a 1:2 MLT to H2O2 ratio. Melatonin prevents HOCl-mediated MPO heme destruction through multiple pathways. These include competition with chloride, the natural co-substrate; switching the MPO activity from a two electron oxidation to a one electron pathway causing the buildup of the inactive Compound II, and its subsequent decay to MPO-Fe(III) instead of generating HOCl; binding to MPO above the heme iron, thereby preventing the access of H2O2 to the catalytic site of the enzyme; and direct scavenging of HOCl. Collectively, in addition to acting as an antioxidant and MPO inhibitor, MLT can exert its protective effect by preventing the release of free iron mediated by self-generated HOCl. Our work may establish a direct mechanistic link by which MLT exerts its antioxidant protective effect in chronic inflammatory diseases with MPO elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Shaeib
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sana N. Khan
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Iyad Ali
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Tohid Najafi
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Arbutin and decrease of potentially toxic substances generated in human blood neutrophils. Interdiscip Toxicol 2015; 7:195-200. [PMID: 26109900 PMCID: PMC4436208 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2014-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, highly motile phagocytic cells, constitute the first line of host defense and simultaneously they are considered to be central cells of chronic inflammation. In combination with standard therapeutic procedures, natural substances are gaining interest as an option for enhancing the effectiveness of treatment of inflammatory diseases. We investigated the effect of arbutin and carvedilol and of their combination on 4β-phorbol-12β-myristate-13α-acetate- stimulated functions of human isolated neutrophils. Cells were preincubated with the drugs tested and subsequently stimulated. Superoxide (with or without blood platelets, in the rate close to physiological conditions [1:50]) and HOCl generation, elastase and myeloperoxidase release were determined spectrophotometrically and phospholipase D activation spectrofluorometrically. The combined effect of arbutin and carvedilol was found to be more effective than the effect of each compound alone. Our study provided evidence supporting the potential beneficial effect of arbutin alone or in combination with carvedilol in diminishing tissue damage by decreasing phospholipase D, myeloperoxidase and elastase activity and by attenuating the generation of superoxide and the subsequently derived reactive oxygen species. The presented data indicate the ability of arbutin to suppress the onset and progression of inflammation.
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66
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Tripathy S, Roy S. Redox sensing and signaling by malaria parasite in vertebrate host. J Basic Microbiol 2015; 55:1053-63. [PMID: 25740654 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Tripathy
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory; Department of Human Physiology with Community Health; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore West Bengal India
| | - Somenath Roy
- Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory; Department of Human Physiology with Community Health; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore West Bengal India
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Abu-Soud HM, Maitra D, Shaeib F, Khan SN, Byun J, Abdulhamid I, Yang Z, Saed GM, Diamond MP, Andreana PR, Pennathur S. Disruption of heme-peptide covalent cross-linking in mammalian peroxidases by hypochlorous acid. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 140:245-54. [PMID: 25193127 PMCID: PMC4449957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoperoxidase (LPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) play a central role in oxidative damage in inflammatory disorders by utilizing hydrogen peroxide and halides/pseudo halides to generate the corresponding hypohalous acid. The catalytic sites of these enzymes contain a covalently modified heme group, which is tethered to the polypeptide chain at two ester linkages via the methyl group (MPO, EPO and LPO) and one sulfonium bond via the vinyl group (MPO only). Covalent cross-linking of the catalytic site heme to the polypeptide chain in peroxidases is thought to play a protective role, since it renders the heme moiety less susceptible to the oxidants generated by these enzymes. Mass-spectrometric analysis revealed the following possible pathways by which hypochlorous acid (HOCl) disrupts the heme-protein cross-linking: (1) the methyl-ester bond is cleaved to form an alcohol; (2) the alcohol group undergoes an oxygen elimination reaction via the formation of an aldehyde intermediate or undergoes a demethylation reaction to lose the terminal CH2 group; and (3) the oxidative cleavage of the vinyl-sulfonium linkage. Once the heme moiety is released it undergoes cleavage at the carbon-methyne bridge either along the δ-β or a α-γ axis to form different pyrrole derivatives. These results indicate that covalent cross-linking is not enough to protect the enzymes from HOCl mediated heme destruction and free iron release. Thus, the interactions of mammalian peroxidases with HOCl modulates their activity and sets a stage for initiation of the Fenton reaction, further perpetuating oxidative damage at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam M Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sana N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ibrahim Abdulhamid
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ghassan M Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Peter R Andreana
- The University of Toledo, Department of Chemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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68
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Bafort F, Parisi O, Perraudin JP, Jijakli MH. Mode of action of lactoperoxidase as related to its antimicrobial activity: a review. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:517164. [PMID: 25309750 PMCID: PMC4182067 DOI: 10.1155/2014/517164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase is a member of the family of the mammalian heme peroxidases which have a broad spectrum of activity. Their best known effect is their antimicrobial activity that arouses much interest in in vivo and in vitro applications. In this context, the proper use of lactoperoxidase needs a good understanding of its mode of action, of the factors that favor or limit its activity, and of the features and properties of the active molecules. The first part of this review describes briefly the classification of mammalian peroxidases and their role in the human immune system and in host cell damage. The second part summarizes present knowledge on the mode of action of lactoperoxidase, with special focus on the characteristics to be taken into account for in vitro or in vivo antimicrobial use. The last part looks upon the characteristics of the active molecule produced by lactoperoxidase in the presence of thiocyanate and/or iodide with implication(s) on its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bafort
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - O. Parisi
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J.-P. Perraudin
- Taradon Laboratory, Avenue Léon Champagne 2, 1480 Tubize, Belgium
| | - M. H. Jijakli
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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69
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Curtis MP, Neidigh JW. Kinetics of 3-nitrotyrosine modification on exposure to hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1355-62. [PMID: 25119650 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.954110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The markers 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-chlorotyrosine are measured as surrogates for reactive nitrogen species and hypochlorous acid respectively, which are both elevated in inflamed human tissues. Previous studies reported a loss of 3-nitrotyrosine when exposed to hypochlorous acid, suggesting that observations of 3-nitrotyrosine underestimate the presence of reactive nitrogen species in diseased tissue (Whiteman and Halliwell, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 258, 168-172 (1999)). This report evaluates the significance of 3-nitrotyrosine loss by measuring the kinetics of the reaction between 3-nitrotyrosine and hypochlorous acid. The results demonstrate that 3-nitrotyrosine is chlorinated by hypochlorous acid or chloramines to form 3-chloro-5-nitrotyrosine. As 3-nitrotyrosine from in vivo samples is usually found within proteins rather than as free amino acid, we also examined the reaction of 3-nitrotyrosine modification in the context of peptides. The chlorination of 3-nitrotyrosine in peptides was observed to occur up to 700-fold faster than control reactions using equivalent amino acid mixtures. These results further advance our understanding of tyrosine chlorination and the use of 3-nitrotyrosine formed in vivo as a biomarker of reactive nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Curtis
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University , Loma Linda, CA , USA
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Rees MD, Maiocchi SL, Kettle AJ, Thomas SR. Mechanism and regulation of peroxidase-catalyzed nitric oxide consumption in physiological fluids: critical protective actions of ascorbate and thiocyanate. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:91-103. [PMID: 24704973 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic consumption of nitric oxide (NO) by myeloperoxidase and related peroxidases is implicated as playing a key role in impairing NO bioavailability during inflammatory conditions. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of how peroxidases consume NO in physiological fluids, in which multiple reactive enzyme substrates and antioxidants are present. Notably, ascorbate has been proposed to enhance myeloperoxidase-catalyzed NO consumption by forming NO-consuming substrate radicals. However, we show that in complex biological fluids ascorbate instead plays a critical role in inhibiting NO consumption by myeloperoxidase and related peroxidases (lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase) by acting as a competitive substrate for protein-bound redox intermediates and by efficiently scavenging peroxidase-derived radicals (e.g., urate radicals), yielding ascorbyl radicals that fail to consume NO. These data identify a novel mechanistic basis for how ascorbate preserves NO bioavailability during inflammation. We show that NO consumption by myeloperoxidase Compound I is significant in substrate-rich fluids and is resistant to competitive inhibition by ascorbate. However, thiocyanate effectively inhibits this process and yields hypothiocyanite at the expense of NO consumption. Hypothiocyanite can in turn form NO-consuming radicals, but thiols (albumin, glutathione) readily prevent this. Conversely, where ascorbate is absent, glutathione enhances NO consumption by urate radicals via pathways that yield S-nitrosoglutathione. Theoretical kinetic analyses provide detailed insights into the mechanisms by which ascorbate and thiocyanate exert their protective actions. We conclude that the local depletion of ascorbate and thiocyanate in inflammatory microenvironments (e.g., due to increased metabolism or dysregulated transport) will impair NO bioavailability by exacerbating peroxidase-catalyzed NO consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Rees
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Rural Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Sophie L Maiocchi
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anthony J Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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71
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Baseri M, Heidari R, Mahaki B, Hajizadeh Y, Momenizadeh A, Sadeghi M. Myeloperoxidase levels predicts angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic stable angina. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:139. [PMID: 25161986 PMCID: PMC4139978 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.135155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has an important role in the both processes of inflammation and oxidative stress. It plays proatherogenic role via low-density lipoprotein oxidation, functional inactivation of the high-density lipoprotein and endothelial dysfunction, and seems to be involved in the atherogenesis of coronary arteries. This study designed to evaluate the association between the plasma MPO levels and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with the stable CAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-eight patients who had documented CAD with angiography and 66 subjects who had normal angiography were selected as case and the control groups for this study, respectively. Gensini scoring system was used for evaluation of severity of coronary artery stenosis. Plasma MPO and C-reactiveprotein (CRP) levels of both case and control groups were determined. RESULTS Plasma MPO levels and CRP levels were significantly higher in CAD patients (P < 0.001), and plasma levels of MPO and CRP were correlated with Genssini scores. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that the plasma MPO levels increase in patients with stable CAD and hence that, it can be used as adiagnostic factor to predict the coronary artery atherosclerosis severity in stable CAD patients; However, it needs further widespread investigations to achieve an accurate cut point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Baseri
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heidari
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Hajizadeh
- Environment Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Momenizadeh
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Goud PT, Goud AP, Najafi T, Gonik B, Diamond MP, Saed GM, Zhang X, Abu-Soud HM. Direct real-time measurement of intra-oocyte nitric oxide concentration in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98720. [PMID: 24887331 PMCID: PMC4041775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is reported to play significant a role in oocyte activation and maturation, implantation, and early embryonic development. Previously we have shown that NO forms an important component of the oocyte microenvironment, and functions effectively to delay oocyte aging. Thus, precise information about intra-oocyte NO concentrations [NO] will result in designing more accurate treatment plans in assisted reproduction. In this work, the direct, real-time and quantitative intra-oocyte [NO] was measured utilizing an L-shaped amperometric integrated NO-selective electrode. This method not only provides an elegant and convenient approach to real-time the measurement of NO in physiological environments, but also mimics the loss of NO caused by rapid NO diffusion combined with its reactivity in the biological milieu. This experiment suggests that the NO levels of oocytes obtained from young animals are significantly higher than those of oocytes obtained from old animals. Additionally the NO levels stay constant during the measurements; however, the intra-oocyte [NO] is reduced significantly (70-75% reduction) in response to L-NAME incubation, suggesting that NO measurements are truly NOS based rather than caused by an unknown interfering substance in our system. We believe this first demonstration of the direct quantitative measurement of [NO] in situ in an intact cellular complex should be useful in tracking real-time and rapid changes at nanomolar levels. Moreover, this finding confirms and extends our previous work showing that supplementation with NO delays the oocyte aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin T. Goud
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, United States of America
- California IVF Fertility Center, Davis and Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Anuradha P. Goud
- California National Primate Research Center, University California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Tohid Najafi
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bernard Gonik
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xueji Zhang
- World Precision Instruments, Sarasota, Florida, United States of America
- Research Center for Bioengineering & Sensing Technology, University of Science & Technology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The C. S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a central role in the innate immune system by generating leukocyte-derived oxidants to combat invading pathogens. These reactive intermediates have been increasingly recognized to be potentially deleterious, causing oxidative injury in inflammatory disease states such as cardiovascular disease. Recent evidence now suggests that circulating MPO can act as a clinical prognostic indicator for patients with cardiovascular disease.
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74
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Yu M, Zhou H, Zhao J, Xiao N, Roychowdhury S, Schmitt D, Hu B, Ransohoff RM, Harding CV, Hise AG, Hazen SL, DeFranco AL, Fox PL, Morton RE, Dicorleto PE, Febbraio M, Nagy LE, Smith JD, Wang JA, Li X. MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:887-907. [PMID: 24752299 PMCID: PMC4010914 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production by endothelial cells plays a role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation by promoting adipose macrophage recruitment and M1-like polarization. Low-grade systemic inflammation is often associated with metabolic syndrome, which plays a critical role in the development of the obesity-associated inflammatory diseases, including insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we investigate how Toll-like receptor–MyD88 signaling in myeloid and endothelial cells coordinately participates in the initiation and progression of high fat diet–induced systemic inflammation and metabolic inflammatory diseases. MyD88 deficiency in myeloid cells inhibits macrophage recruitment to adipose tissue and their switch to an M1-like phenotype. This is accompanied by substantially reduced diet-induced systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis. MyD88 deficiency in endothelial cells results in a moderate reduction in diet-induced adipose macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, and amelioration of spontaneous atherosclerosis. Both in vivo and ex vivo studies suggest that MyD88-dependent GM-CSF production from the endothelial cells might play a critical role in the initiation of obesity-associated inflammation and development of atherosclerosis by priming the monocytes in the adipose and arterial tissues to differentiate into M1-like inflammatory macrophages. Collectively, these results implicate a critical MyD88-dependent interplay between myeloid and endothelial cells in the initiation and progression of obesity-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjia Yu
- Department of Immunology, 2 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 3 Department of Pathobiology, 4 Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Enalapril/lercanidipine combination on markers of cardiovascular risk: a randomized study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:422-8. [PMID: 24836352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2014.03.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate enalapril/lercanidipine combination effects on markers of cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients. A total of 359 patients were randomized to enalapril 20 mg, lercanidipine 10 mg, or enalapril/lercanidipine 20/10 mg fixed combination. We evaluated blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40 L), serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We recorded a decrease of BP in all groups, with the enalapril/lercanidipine combination being more effective in reducing BP compared with single monotherapies. Lipid profile or FPG were not affected by various treatments. Lercanidipine, but not enalapril, improved Lp(a) levels compared with baseline, with enalapril/lercanidipine having a greater effect on Lp(a) reduction. All treatments increased sRAGE levels, and decreased sCD40 L and MPO, even if enalapril/lercanidipine combination was more effective than single monotherapies. TNF-α and Hs-CRP were greater reduced by enalapril/lercanidipine combination compared with enalapril (P < .05 for both). The enalapril/lercanidipine fixed combination was more effective than single monotherapies in decreasing BP, but also in improving markers of cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients.
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Derosa G, Bonaventura A, Romano D, Bianchi L, Fogari E, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. Effects of enalapril/lercanidipine combination on some emerging biomarkers in cardiovascular risk stratification in hypertensive patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:277-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
- Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
| | - A. Bonaventura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - D. Romano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - L. Bianchi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - E. Fogari
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - A. D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - P. Maffioli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics; University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo; Pavia Italy
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Nita C, Bala C, Porojan M, Hancu N. Fenofibrate improves endothelial function and plasma myeloperoxidase in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an open-label interventional study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:30. [PMID: 24594096 PMCID: PMC3974011 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenofibrate offers a number of benefits on the cardiovascular system and it is plausible that its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-fibrotic effects and enhancement of cardiac metabolic performances may account for its direct cardioprotective effects.In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of fenofibrate on endothelial function assesed by vascular studies and levels of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) as well as the effect on plasma myeloperoxidase (MPO) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without previous use of lipid-lowering medication. METHODS 27 patients (14 men and 13 women) with T2DM and good glycemic control (HbA1c: min 5.9%, max: 7.1%) treated with metformin monotherapy, without previous use of lipid-lowering medication were enrolled in this study. Vascular studies included measures of brachial artery diameter before and after release of a suprasystolic ischemia. FMD was calculated as the percent (%) change in arterial diameter following reactive hyperemia. Student's paired t test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to compare values before and after fenofibrate therapy. RESULTS Fenofibrate therapy significantly increased post ischemia mean brachial artery diameter at 60 s (from 4.7 [4.4; 5.0] mm to 4.9 [4.6; 5.2] mm, p = 0.01) and at 90 s (from 4.7 [4.4; 5.0] mm to 4.9 [4.6; 5.1], p = 0.02). FMD response to hyperaemia at 60 s increased with 4.5 ± 13.7% (median value pre- treatment: 22.2%, median value post- treatment 25.0%, z = -2.9, p = 0.004). After 8 weeks of fenofibrate therapy, plasma MPO levels decreased to 49.5 [30.3; 71.5] ng/ml (% change from baseline = 4.6%, z = -2.2, p = 0.03) and mean plasma sE-selectin levels decreased to 67.1 [54.4; 79.8] ng/ml, (% change from baseline = 2.6%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION In patients with T2DM without previous treatment for dyslipidemia, short-term treatment with fenofibrate improved vascular endothelial function as demonstrated by increased post ischemia mean brachial artery diameter, increased FMD and decreased plasma sE-selectin and favorably affected plasma MPO levels. Therefore, fenofibrate may be considered a protective cardiovascular drug in this group of patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR12612000734864).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nita
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cornelia Bala
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Porojan
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 4-6 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Hancu
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Awonuga AO, Belotte J, Abuanzeh S, Fletcher NM, Diamond MP, Saed GM. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Adhesion Development: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Reprod Sci 2014; 21:823-836. [PMID: 24520085 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114522550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several years, there has been increasing recognition that pathogenesis of adhesion development includes significant contributions of hypoxia induced at the site of surgery, the resulting oxidative stress, and the subsequent free radical production. Mitochondrial dysfunction generated by surgically induced tissue hypoxia and inflammation can lead to the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase which when optimal have the potential to abrogate mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, preventing the cascade of events leading to the development of adhesions in injured peritoneum. There is a significant cross talk between the several processes leading to whether or not adhesions would eventually develop. Several of these processes present avenues for the development of measures that can help in abrogating adhesion formation or reformation after intraabdominal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoniyi O Awonuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jimmy Belotte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Suleiman Abuanzeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nicole M Fletcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ghassan M Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Department of Physiology, Program for Reproductive Sciences, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA Karmanos Cancer Institute, Molecular Biology and Genetics Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Huang Y, DiDonato JA, Levison BS, Schmitt D, Li L, Wu Y, Buffa J, Kim T, Gerstenecker G, Gu X, Kadiyala C, Wang Z, Culley MK, Hazen JE, DiDonato AJ, Fu X, Berisha S, Peng D, Nguyen T, Liang S, Chuang CC, Cho L, Plow EF, Fox PL, Gogonea V, Tang WW, Parks JS, Fisher EA, Smith JD, Hazen SL. An abundant dysfunctional apolipoprotein A1 in human atheroma. Nat Med 2014; 20:193-203. [PMID: 24464187 PMCID: PMC3923163 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major structural protein, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), recovered from human atheroma are dysfunctional and are extensively oxidized by myeloperoxidase (MPO). In vitro oxidation of either apoA1 or HDL particles by MPO impairs their cholesterol acceptor function. Here, using phage display affinity maturation, we developed a high-affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes both apoA1 and HDL that have been modified by the MPO-H2O2-Cl(-) system. An oxindolyl alanine (2-OH-Trp) moiety at Trp72 of apoA1 is the immunogenic epitope. Mutagenesis studies confirmed a critical role for apoA1 Trp72 in MPO-mediated inhibition of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol acceptor activity of apoA1 in vitro and in vivo. ApoA1 containing a 2-OH-Trp72 group (oxTrp72-apoA1) is in low abundance within the circulation but accounts for 20% of the apoA1 in atherosclerosis-laden arteries. OxTrp72-apoA1 recovered from human atheroma or plasma is lipid poor, virtually devoid of cholesterol acceptor activity and demonstrated both a potent proinflammatory activity on endothelial cells and an impaired HDL biogenesis activity in vivo. Elevated oxTrp72-apoA1 levels in subjects presenting to a cardiology clinic (n = 627) were associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Circulating oxTrp72-apoA1 levels may serve as a way to monitor a proatherogenic process in the artery wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Joseph A. DiDonato
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Bruce S. Levison
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Dave Schmitt
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Yuping Wu
- Department of Mathematics, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Jennifer Buffa
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Timothy Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Gary Gerstenecker
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Chandra Kadiyala
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Miranda K. Culley
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Jennie E. Hazen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Anthony J. DiDonato
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xiaoming Fu
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Stela Berisha
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Truc Nguyen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Departments of Pathology-Section on Lipid Sciences and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157
| | - Leslie Cho
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Edward F. Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Paul L. Fox
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115
| | - W.H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - John S. Parks
- Departments of Pathology-Section on Lipid Sciences and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
| | - Jonathan D. Smith
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN APPLIED BASIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8035-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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81
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Geng J, Liu A. Heme-dependent dioxygenases in tryptophan oxidation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 544:18-26. [PMID: 24295960 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for mammals. It is utilized not only for protein synthesis but also for the biosynthesis of serotonin and melatonin by the serotonin pathway as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by the kynurenine pathway. Although the kynurenine pathway is responsible for the catabolism of over 90% of l-tryptophan in the mammalian intracellular and extracellular pools, the scientific field was dominated in the last century by studies of the serotonin pathway, due to the physiological significance of the latter's catabolic intermediates and products. However, in the past decade, the focus gradually reversed as the link between the kynurenine pathway and various neurodegenerative disorders and immune diseases is increasingly highlighted. Notably, the first step of this pathway, which is catalyzed by heme-dependent dioxygenases, has been proven to be a potential target for immune regulation and cancer treatment. A thorough understanding of the intriguing chemistry of the heme-dependent dioxygenases may yield insight for the drug discovery of these prevalent illnesses. In this review, we survey enzymatic and mechanistic studies, initially started by Kotake and Masayama over 70 years ago, at the molecular level on the heme-dependent tryptophan dioxygenation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States.
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82
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Lai WM, Chen CC, Lee JH, Chen CJ, Wang JS, Hou YY, Liou HH, Chen HC, Fu TY, Lee YC, Ger LP. Second primary tumors and myeloperoxidase expression in buccal mucosal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:464-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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83
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Maitra D, Shaeib F, Abdulhamid I, Abdulridha RM, Saed GM, Diamond MP, Pennathur S, Abu-Soud HM. Myeloperoxidase acts as a source of free iron during steady-state catalysis by a feedback inhibitory pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 63:90-8. [PMID: 23624305 PMCID: PMC3863623 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme that generates hypochlorous acid (HOCl) from chloride (Cl(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). It is implicated in the pathology of several chronic inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancer. Recently we have shown that HOCl can destroy the heme prosthetic group of hemoproteins. Here, we investigated whether the HOCl formed during steady-state catalysis is able to destroy the MPO heme moiety and thereby function as a major source of free iron. UV-visible spectra and H₂O₂-specific electrode measurements recorded during steady-state HOCl synthesis by MPO showed that the degree of MPO heme destruction increased after multiple additions of H₂O₂ (10 µM), precluding the enzyme from functioning at maximum activity (80-90% inhibition). MPO heme destruction occurred only in the presence of Cl(-). Stopped-flow measurements revealed that the HOCl-mediated MPO heme destruction was complex and occurred through transient ferric species whose formation and decay kinetics indicated it participates in heme destruction along with subsequent free iron release. MPO heme depletion was confirmed by the buildup of free iron utilizing the ferrozine assay. Hypochlorous acid, once generated, first equilibrates in the solution as a whole before binding to the heme iron and initiating heme destruction. Eliminating HOCl from the MPO milieu by scavenging HOCl, destabilizing the MPO-Compound I-Cl complex that could be formed during catalysis, and/or inhibiting MPO catalytic activity partially or completely protects MPO from HOCl insults. Collectively, this study elucidates the bidirectional relationship between MPO and HOCl, which highlights the potential role of MPO as a source of free iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiman Maitra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Faten Shaeib
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Rasha M. Abdulridha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Ghassan M. Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael P. Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Husam M. Abu-Soud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Corresponding author. Fax: 313 577 8554. (H. M. Abu-Soud)
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84
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The myeloperoxidase -463G/A polymorphism and coronary artery disease risk: A meta-analysis of 1938 cases and 1990 controls. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1644-8. [PMID: 24036021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Genetic polymorphism of human myeloperoxidase (MPO) -463G/A has been implicated to alter the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results are controversial. To improve the reliability of the conflicting results, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies relating the MPO -463G/A polymorphism with the risk of CAD. DESIGN AND METHODS Two investigators independently searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library up to June, 2012. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the MPO -463G/A polymorphism and CAD risk were calculated, and potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. Statistical analysis was performed with the software program of Stata 9.0. RESULTS 5 case-control studies were finally identified for analyses, involving 1938 cases with CAD and 1990 controls. We found that the MPO -463G/A polymorphism has no significant association with overall CAD risk (G/G vs A/A: OR=0.595, 95%CI=0.298-1.188, P=0.141; G/G vs G/A+A/A: OR=0.886, 95%CI=0.779-1.008, P=0.066; G/G+G/A vs A/A: OR=0.611, 95%CI=0.334-1.119, P=0.111; OR=0.886, 95%CI=0.779-1.008, P=0.066; G vs A: OR=0.843, 95%CI=0.675-1.053, P=0.133). The heterogeneity test showed that there were significant differences between individual studies in additive, recessive and allelic genetic models (P=0.008, P=0.021, P=0.019, respectively); further analyses revealed that age and sex possibly account for the heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis demonstrated the evidence that there was no significant association between the MPO -463G/A polymorphism and the risk of CAD; larger and well-designed multicenter studies are needed to confirm our results.
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85
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Huang Y, Wu Z, Riwanto M, Gao S, Levison BS, Gu X, Fu X, Wagner MA, Besler C, Gerstenecker G, Zhang R, Li XM, DiDonato AJ, Gogonea V, Tang WHW, Smith JD, Plow EF, Fox PL, Shih DM, Lusis AJ, Fisher EA, DiDonato JA, Landmesser U, Hazen SL. Myeloperoxidase, paraoxonase-1, and HDL form a functional ternary complex. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:3815-28. [PMID: 23908111 DOI: 10.1172/jci67478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) are high-density lipoprotein-associated (HDL-associated) proteins mechanistically linked to inflammation, oxidant stress, and atherosclerosis. MPO is a source of ROS during inflammation and can oxidize apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) of HDL, impairing its atheroprotective functions. In contrast, PON1 fosters systemic antioxidant effects and promotes some of the atheroprotective properties attributed to HDL. Here, we demonstrate that MPO, PON1, and HDL bind to one another, forming a ternary complex, wherein PON1 partially inhibits MPO activity, while MPO inactivates PON1. MPO oxidizes PON1 on tyrosine 71 (Tyr71), a modified residue found in human atheroma that is critical for HDL binding and PON1 function. Acute inflammation model studies with transgenic and knockout mice for either PON1 or MPO confirmed that MPO and PON1 reciprocally modulate each other's function in vivo. Further structure and function studies identified critical contact sites between APOA1 within HDL, PON1, and MPO, and proteomics studies of HDL recovered from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subjects revealed enhanced chlorotyrosine content, site-specific PON1 methionine oxidation, and reduced PON1 activity. HDL thus serves as a scaffold upon which MPO and PON1 interact during inflammation, whereupon PON1 binding partially inhibits MPO activity, and MPO promotes site-specific oxidative modification and impairment of PON1 and APOA1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Chatterton DE, Nguyen DN, Bering SB, Sangild PT. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1730-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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87
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Abstract
The heme-containing enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is secreted from polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. It is involved in host defence and inflammation by oxidation of numerous small molecules. This review summarises our current results on the determination of redox properties of all intermediates involved in the halogenation and peroxidase cycle of MPO. The standard reduction potentials of the redox couples compound I/native MPO, compound I/compound II of MPO, and compound II/native MPO have been determined to be 1.16 V, 1.35 V, and 0.97 V, respectively, at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. Thus, for the first time, a full description of these important thermodynamic parameters of myeloperoxidase has been performed, allowing a better understanding of its extraordinary reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Arnhold
- Institute of Medical Physics and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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88
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Inflammatory biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular disease. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:1353-71. [PMID: 23756129 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex; multiple biological pathways have been implicated, including, but not limited to, inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress may serve to help identify patients at risk for CVD, to monitor the efficacy of treatments, and to develop new pharmacological tools. However, due to the complexities of CVD pathogenesis there is no single biomarker available to estimate absolute risk of future cardiovascular events. Furthermore, not all biomarkers are equal; the functions of many biomarkers overlap, some offer better prognostic information than others, and some are better suited to identify/predict the pathogenesis of particular cardiovascular events. The identification of the most appropriate set of biomarkers can provide a detailed picture of the specific nature of the cardiovascular event. The following review provides an overview of existing and emerging inflammatory biomarkers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, oxidative stress biomarkers, and antioxidant biomarkers. The functions of each biomarker are discussed, and prognostic data are provided where available.
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS-RNS) and other redox active molecules fulfill key functions in immunity. Beside the initiation of cytocidal reactions within the pathogen defense strategy, redox reactions trigger and shape the immune response and are further involved in termination and initialization of cellular restorative processes. Regulatory mechanisms provided by redox-activated signaling events guarantee the correct spatial and temporal proceeding of immunological processes, and continued imbalances in redox homeostasis lead to crucial failures of control mechanisms, thus promoting the development of pathological conditions. Interferon-gamma is the most potent inducer of ROS-RNS formation in target cells like macrophages. Immune-regulatory pathways such as tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and neopterin production by GTP-cyclohydrolase-I are initiated during T helper cell type 1 (Th1-type) immune response concomitant to the production of ROS-RNS by immunocompetent cells. Therefore, increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown is representative of an activated cellular immune system and can be used for the in vivo and in vitro monitoring of oxidative stress. In parallel, the activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B is a central element in immunity leading to cell type and stimulus-specific expression of responsive genes. Furthermore, T cell activation and proliferation are strongly dependent on the redox potential of the extracellular microenvironment. T cell commitment to Th1, Th2, regulatory T cell, and other phenotypes appears to crucially depend on the activation of redox-sensitive signaling cascades, where oxidative conditions support Th1 development while 'antioxidative' stress leads to a shift to allergic Th2-type immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Gostner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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90
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Tang N, Wang Y, Mei Q. Myeloperoxidase G-463A polymorphism and susceptibility to coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 523:152-7. [PMID: 23583798 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between the myeloperoxidase (MPO) G-463A polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis on this topic was performed. PubMed, EMBASE and Chinese national knowledge infrastructure were searched for studies regarding the association between the MPO G-463A polymorphism and CAD. A logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the genetic effect and the possible genetic model of action. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. There was strong evidence for an association between the MPO G-463A polymorphism and CAD. The genetic model of action was most likely to be co-dominant. Overall, the data showed that AA and GA genotypes were significantly associated with reduced risk of CAD (AA vs. GG: OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.17-0.78; GA vs. GG: OR=0.73, 95% CI=0.57-0.92). In subgroup analyses by study population and sources of controls, statistically significant results were observed in the Chinese population (AA vs. GG: OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.10-0.43; GA vs. GG: OR=0.57, 95% CI=0.44-0.74) and in hospital-based control studies (AA vs. GG: OR=0.20, 95% CI=0.10-0.39; GA vs. GG: OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.48-0.77). This meta-analysis suggests that the MPO G-463A variant genotypes may be associated with decreased risk of CAD. However, given the limited number of studies and the potential biases, the influence of this polymorphism on CAD risk needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naping Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, PR China
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91
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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils and instability of the atherosclerotic plaque: a causative role? Inflamm Res 2013; 62:537-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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92
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Henrotin Y, Labasse A, Franck T, Bosseloir A, Bury T, Deberg M. Collagen catabolism through Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 and myeloperoxidase activity in marathon runners. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:92. [PMID: 23519606 PMCID: PMC3601271 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To determine the influence of marathon on the serum levels of two markers of cartilage degradation, Coll2-1 and its nitrated form, Coll2-1NO2, and of a marker of neutrophils activation, the myeloperoxidase (MPO). Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO2, total and active MPO were measured in 98 marathon runners without joint pain and with an average age of 47 years. Sera were taken at rest right before the departure and within 30 min after the marathon. The subjects were submitted to a questionnaire concerning their physical activity and their life style. The levels of Coll2-1, Coll2-1NO2 and active MPO were not affected by age, body mass index, sex or performance. The levels of total MPO were higher in female than in male (p < 0.05), but were not affected by the other parameters. After the marathon, Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 concentrations were slightly but systematically decreased. The total and active MPO concentrations were increased by 2 to 3-fold in comparison to the pre-marathon values (p < 0.001 for total and active MPO). The active MPO/total MPO ratio was significantly enhanced after the marathon (p < 0.001). The variation of total MPO during the marathon was negatively correlated with the training time per week (r = −0.34; p = 0.009). The serum levels of Coll2-1 and Coll2-1NO2 were slightly decreased by marathon, indicating that intensive running could reduce cartilage catabolism. Furthermore, Coll2-1NO2 was not correlated with the total and active MPO indicating that Coll2-1 nitration did not result of a systemic oxidative phenomenon but reflects local changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, University of Liège, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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93
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in normal physiological functions at low concentrations, can have deleterious effects when produced in excess. Over time, ROS may result in a pathological state of imbalance known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has long been implicated in many diseases, and is consistently associated with poor outcomes in heart failure. Most therapies that are currently being used may provide some reduction in oxidative stress, but there is no consensus on the clinical outcomes of various antioxidants. Currently, there are no antioxidant therapies that are being used routinely to specifically target oxidative stress in patients with heart failure. This article reviews the current understanding of ROS generation, and the potential for novel pharmacologic strategies to target oxidative stress in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ahmed
- Section of Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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94
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Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ. Redox reactions and microbial killing in the neutrophil phagosome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:642-60. [PMID: 22881869 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE When neutrophils kill microorganisms, they ingest them into phagosomes and bombard them with a burst of reactive oxygen species. RECENT ADVANCES This review focuses on what oxidants are produced and how they kill. The neutrophil NADPH oxidase is activated and shuttles electrons from NADPH in the cytoplasm to oxygen in the phagosomal lumen. Superoxide is generated in the narrow space between the ingested organism and the phagosomal membrane and kinetic modeling indicates that it reaches a concentration of around 20 μM. Degranulation leads to a very high protein concentration with up to millimolar myeloperoxidase (MPO). MPO has many substrates, but its main phagosomal reactions should be to dismutate superoxide and, provided adequate chloride, catalyze efficient conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Studies with specific probes have shown that HOCl is produced in the phagosome and reacts with ingested bacteria. The amount generated should be high enough to kill. However, much of the HOCl reacts with phagosomal proteins. Generation of chloramines may contribute to killing, but the full consequences of this are not yet clear. CRITICAL ISSUES Isolated neutrophils kill most of the ingested microorganisms rapidly by an MPO-dependent mechanism that is almost certainly due to HOCl. However, individuals with MPO deficiency rarely have problems with infection. A possible explanation is that HOCl provides a frontline response that kills most of the microorganisms, with survivors killed by nonoxidative processes. The latter may deal adequately with low-level infection but with high exposure, more efficient HOCl-dependent killing is required. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Better quantification of HOCl and other oxidants in the phagosome should clarify their roles in antimicrobial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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95
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Kamanna VS, Ganji SH, Kashyap ML. Myeloperoxidase and Atherosclerosis. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-013-0291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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96
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Klebanoff SJ, Kettle AJ, Rosen H, Winterbourn CC, Nauseef WM. Myeloperoxidase: a front-line defender against phagocytosed microorganisms. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 93:185-98. [PMID: 23066164 PMCID: PMC3545676 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0712349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful immune defense requires integration of multiple effector systems to match the diverse virulence properties that members of the microbial world might express as they initiate and promote infection. Human neutrophils--the first cellular responders to invading microbes--exert most of their antimicrobial activity in phagosomes, specialized membrane-bound intracellular compartments formed by ingestion of microorganisms. The toxins generated de novo by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and delivered by fusion of neutrophil granules with nascent phagosomes create conditions that kill and degrade ingested microbes. Antimicrobial activity reflects multiple and complex synergies among the phagosomal contents, and optimal action relies on oxidants generated in the presence of MPO. The absence of life-threatening infectious complications in individuals with MPO deficiency is frequently offered as evidence that the MPO oxidant system is ancillary rather than essential for neutrophil-mediated antimicrobial activity. However, that argument fails to consider observations from humans and KO mice that demonstrate that microbial killing by MPO-deficient cells is less efficient than that of normal neutrophils. We present evidence in support of MPO as a major arm of oxidative killing by neutrophils and propose that the essential contribution of MPO to normal innate host defense is manifest only when exposure to pathogens overwhelms the capacity of other host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J. Kettle
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - Henry Rosen
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christine C. Winterbourn
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand; and
| | - William M. Nauseef
- Iowa Inflammation Program and Department of Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Coralville, Iowa, USA
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97
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Rees MD, Dang L, Thai T, Owen DM, Malle E, Thomas SR. Targeted subendothelial matrix oxidation by myeloperoxidase triggers myosin II-dependent de-adhesion and alters signaling in endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2344-56. [PMID: 23059132 PMCID: PMC3529214 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During inflammation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) released by circulating leukocytes accumulates within the subendothelial matrix by binding to and transcytosing the vascular endothelium. Oxidative reactions catalyzed by subendothelial-localized MPO are implicated as a cause of endothelial dysfunction in vascular disease. While the subendothelial matrix is a key target for MPO-derived oxidants during disease, the implications of this damage for endothelial morphology and signaling are largely unknown. We found that endothelial-transcytosed MPO produced hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that reacted locally with the subendothelial matrix and induced covalent cross-linking of the adhesive matrix protein fibronectin. Real-time biosensor and live cell imaging studies revealed that HOCl-mediated matrix oxidation triggered rapid membrane retraction from the substratum and adjacent cells (de-adhesion). De-adhesion was linked with the alteration of Tyr-118 phosphorylation of paxillin, a key adhesion-dependent signaling process, as well as Rho kinase-dependent myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. De-adhesion dynamics were dependent on the contractile state of cells, with myosin II inhibition with blebbistatin attenuating the rate of membrane retraction. Rho kinase inhibition with Y-27632 also conferred protection, but not during the initial phase of membrane retraction, which was driven by pre-existing actomyosin tensile stress. Notably, diversion of MPO from HOCl production by thiocyanate or nitrite attenuated de-adhesion and associated signaling responses, despite the latter substrate supporting MPO-catalyzed fibronectin nitration. These data show that subendothelial-localized MPO employs a novel "outside-in" mode of redox signaling, involving HOCl-mediated matrix oxidation. These MPO-catalyzed oxidative events are likely to play a previously unrecognized role in altering endothelial integrity and signaling during inflammatory vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Rees
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Lei Dang
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thuan Thai
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Dylan M Owen
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
| | - Shane R Thomas
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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98
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Freewan M, Rees MD, Plaza TSS, Glaros E, Lim YJ, Wang XS, Yeung AWS, Witting PK, Terentis AC, Thomas SR. Human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is a catalyst of physiological heme peroxidase reactions: implications for the inhibition of dioxygenase activity by hydrogen peroxide. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:1548-67. [PMID: 23209301 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.410993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a key regulator of immune responses through catalyzing l-tryptophan (l-Trp) oxidation. Here, we show that hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) activates the peroxidase function of IDO to induce protein oxidation and inhibit dioxygenase activity. Exposure of IDO-expressing cells or recombinant human IDO (rIDO) to H(2)O(2) inhibited dioxygenase activity in a manner abrogated by l-Trp. Dioxygenase inhibition correlated with IDO-catalyzed H(2)O(2) consumption, compound I-mediated formation of protein-centered radicals, altered protein secondary structure, and opening of the distal heme pocket to promote nonproductive substrate binding; these changes were inhibited by l-Trp, the heme ligand cyanide, or free radical scavengers. Protection by l-Trp coincided with its oxidation into oxindolylalanine and kynurenine and the formation of a compound II-type ferryl-oxo heme. Physiological peroxidase substrates, ascorbate or tyrosine, enhanced rIDO-mediated H(2)O(2) consumption and attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced protein oxidation and dioxygenase inhibition. In the presence of H(2)O(2), rIDO catalytically consumed nitric oxide (NO) and utilized nitrite to promote 3-nitrotyrosine formation on IDO. The promotion of H(2)O(2) consumption by peroxidase substrates, NO consumption, and IDO nitration was inhibited by l-Trp. This study identifies IDO as a heme peroxidase that, in the absence of substrates, self-inactivates dioxygenase activity via compound I-initiated protein oxidation. l-Trp protects against dioxygenase inactivation by reacting with compound I and retarding compound II reduction to suppress peroxidase turnover. Peroxidase-mediated dioxygenase inactivation, NO consumption, or protein nitration may modulate the biological actions of IDO expressed in inflammatory tissues where the levels of H(2)O(2) and NO are elevated and l-Trp is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Freewan
- Centre for Vascular Research and School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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99
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Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a member of the heme peroxidase superfamily, is a leukocyte-derived enzyme that generates reactive intermediates, leading to oxidative damage of host lipids and proteins. It has been shown that MPO is present within atherosclerotic plaque in human arteries and contributes to atherogenesis by catalyzing oxidative reactions in the vascular wall. This review provides an overview of the analytical and pathophysiologic characteristics of MPO and summarizes the possible clinical applicability of MPO as a marker for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and a marker for prediction of cardiovascular disease.
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100
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Dysfunctional HDL: A novel important diagnostic and therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease? Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:314-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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