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Scifo E, Szwajda A, Dębski J, Uusi-Rauva K, Kesti T, Dadlez M, Gingras AC, Tyynelä J, Baumann MH, Jalanko A, Lalowski M. Drafting the CLN3 protein interactome in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells: a label-free quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:2101-15. [PMID: 23464991 DOI: 10.1021/pr301125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are the most common inherited progressive encephalopathies of childhood. One of the most prevalent forms of NCL, Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or CLN3 disease (OMIM: 204200), is caused by mutations in the CLN3 gene on chromosome 16p12.1. Despite progress in the NCL field, the primary function of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 3 (CLN3) remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of human CLN3 in the brain by identifying CLN3-associated proteins using a Tandem Affinity Purification coupled to Mass Spectrometry (TAP-MS) strategy combined with Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). Human SH-SY5Y-NTAP-CLN3 stable cells were used to isolate native protein complexes for subsequent TAP-MS. Bioinformatic analyses of isolated complexes yielded 58 CLN3 interacting partners (IP) including 42 novel CLN3 IP, as well as 16 CLN3 high confidence interacting partners (HCIP) previously identified in another high-throughput study by Behrends et al., 2010. Moreover, 31 IP of ceroid-lipofuscinosis neuronal protein 5 (CLN5) were identified (18 of which were in common with the CLN3 bait). Our findings support previously suggested involvement of CLN3 in transmembrane transport, lipid homeostasis and neuronal excitability, as well as link it to G-protein signaling and protein folding/sorting in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Scifo
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Institute of Biomedicine/Anatomy, and Finnish Graduate School of Neuroscience, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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CFTR-deficient pigs display peripheral nervous system defects at birth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3083-8. [PMID: 23382208 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1222729110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nervous system abnormalities, including neuropathy, have been reported in people with cystic fibrosis. These abnormalities have largely been attributed to secondary manifestations of the disease. We tested the hypothesis that disruption of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene directly influences nervous system function by studying newborn CFTR(-/-) pigs. We discovered CFTR expression and activity in Schwann cells, and loss of CFTR caused ultrastructural myelin sheath abnormalities similar to those in known neuropathies. Consistent with neuropathic changes, we found increased transcripts for myelin protein zero, a gene that, when mutated, can cause axonal and/or demyelinating neuropathy. In addition, axon density was reduced and conduction velocities of the trigeminal and sciatic nerves were decreased. Moreover, in vivo auditory brainstem evoked potentials revealed delayed conduction of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Our data suggest that loss of CFTR directly alters Schwann cell function and that some nervous system defects in people with cystic fibrosis are likely primary.
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Athanasiou D, Kosmaoglou M, Kanuga N, Novoselov SS, Paton AW, Paton JC, Chapple JP, Cheetham ME. BiP prevents rod opsin aggregation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:3522-31. [PMID: 22855534 PMCID: PMC3442401 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-02-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in rod opsin-the light-sensitive protein of rod cells-cause retinitis pigmentosa. Many rod opsin mutations lead to protein misfolding, and therefore it is important to understand the role of molecular chaperones in rod opsin biogenesis. We show that BiP (HSPA5) prevents the aggregation of rod opsin. Cleavage of BiP with the subtilase cytotoxin SubAB results in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention and ubiquitylation of wild-type (WT) rod opsin (WT-green fluorescent protein [GFP]) at the ER. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching reveals that WT-GFP is usually mobile in the ER. By contrast, depletion of BiP activity by treatment with SubAB or coexpression of a BiP ATPase mutant, BiP(T37G), decreases WT-GFP mobility to below that of the misfolding P23H mutant of rod opsin (P23H-GFP), which is retained in the ER and can form cytoplasmic ubiquitylated inclusions. SubAB treatment of P23H-GFP-expressing cells decreases the mobility of the mutant protein further and leads to ubiquitylation throughout the ER. Of interest, BiP overexpression increases the mobility of P23H-GFP, suggesting that it can reduce mutant rod opsin aggregation. Therefore inhibition of BiP function results in aggregation of rod opsin in the ER, which suggests that BiP is important for maintaining the solubility of rod opsin in the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naheed Kanuga
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adrienne W. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - James C. Paton
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - J. Paul Chapple
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
In a complex multicellular organism, different cell types engage in specialist functions, and as a result, the secretory output of cells and tissues varies widely. Whereas some quiescent cell types secrete minor amounts of proteins, tissues like the pancreas, producing insulin and other hormones, and mature B cells, producing antibodies, place a great demand on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Our understanding of how protein secretion in general is controlled in the ER is now quite sophisticated. However, there remain gaps in our knowledge, particularly when applying insight gained from model systems to the more complex situations found in vivo. This article describes recent advances in our understanding of the ER and its role in preparing proteins for secretion, with an emphasis on glycoprotein quality control and pathways of disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Benham
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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Manavalan A, Ramachandran U, Sundaramurthi H, Mishra M, Sze SK, Hu JM, Feng ZW, Heese K. Gastrodia elata Blume (tianma) mobilizes neuro-protective capacities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 3:219-241. [PMID: 22773961 PMCID: PMC3388733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Tianma (Gastrodia elata Blume) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) often used for the treatment of headache, convulsions, hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases. Tianma also modulates the cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein App and cognitive functions in mice. The neuronal actions of tianma thus led us to investigate its specific effects on neuronal signalling. Accordingly, this pilot study was designed to examine the effects of tianma on the proteome metabolism in differentiated mouse neuronal N2a cells using an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation)-based proteomics research approach. We identified 2178 proteins, out of which 74 were found to be altered upon tianma treatment in differentiated mouse neuronal N2a cells. Based on the observed data obtained, we hypothesize that tianma could promote neuro-regenerative processes by inhibiting stress-related proteins and mobilizing neuroprotective genes such as Nxn, Dbnl, Mobkl3, Clic4, Mki67 and Bax with various regenerative modalities and capacities related to neuro-synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arulmani Manavalan
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang View, Singapore 639673, Singapore
| | - Umamaheswari Ramachandran
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang View, Singapore 639673, Singapore
| | - Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Manisha Mishra
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang View, Singapore 639673, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of ScienceKunming, Yunnan 650204, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wei Feng
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Klaus Heese
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University60 Nanyang View, Singapore 639673, Singapore
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56
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Colley NJ. Retinal degeneration in the fly. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 723:407-14. [PMID: 22183359 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0631-0_52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many genes are functionally equivalent between flies and humans. In addition, the same, or similar, mutations cause disease in both species. In fact, nearly three-fourths of all human disease genes have related sequences in Drosophila. The fly has a relatively small genome, made up of about 13,600 genes in four pairs of chromosomes. However, despite the dramatic differences in size and apparent complexity between humans and flies--we have less than twice as many genes as a fly--our genome is estimated to be made up of only 20,000-25,000 genes contained in 23 pairs of chromosomes. Therefore, despite the fly's perceived simplicity, or our perceived complexity, our genetic makeup may not be all that different. Its versatility for genetic manipulation and convenience for unraveling fundamental biological processes continue to guarantee the fly a place in the spotlight for unraveling the basis of and therapeutic treatments for human eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi Jo Colley
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, and UW-Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
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Jung J, Coe H, Michalak M. Specialization of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones for the folding and function of myelin glycoproteins P0 and PMP22. FASEB J 2011; 25:3929-37. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-184911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jung
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Helen Coe
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Lynes EM, Simmen T. Urban planning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER): how diverse mechanisms segregate the many functions of the ER. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1893-905. [PMID: 21756943 PMCID: PMC7172674 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the biggest organelle in most cell types, but its characterization as an organelle with a continuous membrane belies the fact that the ER is actually an assembly of several, distinct membrane domains that execute diverse functions. Almost 20 years ago, an essay by Sitia and Meldolesi first listed what was known at the time about domain formation within the ER. In the time that has passed since, additional ER domains have been discovered and characterized. These include the mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM), the ER quality control compartment (ERQC), where ER-associated degradation (ERAD) occurs, and the plasma membrane-associated membrane (PAM). Insight has been gained into the separation of nuclear envelope proteins from the remainder of the ER. Research has also shown that the biogenesis of peroxisomes and lipid droplets occurs on specialized membranes of the ER. Several studies have shown the existence of specific marker proteins found on all these domains and how they are targeted there. Moreover, a first set of cytosolic ER-associated sorting proteins, including phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 2 (PACS-2) and Rab32 have been identified. Intra-ER targeting mechanisms appear to be superimposed onto ER retention mechanisms and rely on transmembrane and cytosolic sequences. The crucial roles of ER domain formation for cell physiology are highlighted with the specific targeting of the tumor metastasis regulator gp78 to ERAD-mediating membranes or of the promyelocytic leukemia protein to the MAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Lynes
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Li HD, Liu WX, Michalak M. Enhanced clathrin-dependent endocytosis in the absence of calnexin. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21678. [PMID: 21747946 PMCID: PMC3128601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calnexin, together with calreticulin, constitute the calnexin/calreticulin cycle. Calnexin is a type I endoplasmic reticulum integral membrane protein and molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and quality control of newly-synthesized (glyco)proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum luminal domain of calnexin is responsible for lectin-like activity and interaction with nascent polypeptide chains. The role of the C-terminal, cytoplasmic portion of calnexin is not clear. Methodology/Principal Findings Using yeast two hybrid screen and immunoprecipitation techniques, we showed that the Src homology 3-domain growth factor receptor-bound 2-like (Endophilin) interacting protein 1 (SGIP1), a neuronal specific regulator of endocytosis, forms complexes with the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of calnexin. The calnexin cytoplasmic C-tail interacts with SGIP1 C-terminal domains containing the adaptor complexes medium subunit (Adap-Comp-Sub) region. Calnexin-deficient cells have enhanced clathrin-dependent endocytosis in neuronal cells and mouse neuronal system. This is reversed by expression of full length calnexin or calnexin C-tail. Conclusions/Significance We show that the effects of SGIP1 and calnexin C-tail on clathrin-dependent endocytosis are due to modulation of the internalization of the receptor-ligand complexes. Enhanced clathrin-dependent endocytosis in the absence of calnexin may contribute to the neurological phenotype of calnexin-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wen-Xin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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60
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Jung J, Michalak M. Cell surface targeting of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in the absence of endoplasmic reticulum molecular chaperones. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:1105-10. [PMID: 21172390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein that localizes to myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. MOG has important implications in multiple sclerosis, as pathogenic anti-MOG antibodies have been detected in the sera of multiple sclerosis patients. As a membrane protein, MOG achieves its native structure in the endoplasmic reticulum where its folding is expected to be controlled by endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. Calnexin, calreticulin, and ERp57 are essential components of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control where they assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins. In this study, we show that expression of MOG is not affected by the absence of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control proteins calnexin, calreticulin, or ERp57. We also show that calnexin forms complexes with MOG and these interactions might be glycan-independent. Importantly, we show that cell surface targeting of MOG is not disrupted in the absence of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. This article is part of a special issue entitled: 11th European Symposium on Calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Systems Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2H7.
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Participation of lectin chaperones and thiol oxidoreductases in protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010; 23:157-66. [PMID: 21094034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding within the endoplasmic reticulum occurs in conjunction with a complex array of molecular chaperones and folding catalysts that assist the folding process as well as function in quality control processes to monitor the outcome. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the calnexin/calreticulin chaperone system that is directed primarily toward Asn-linked glycoproteins, as well as the protein disulfide isomerase family of enzymes that catalyze disulfide formation, reduction, and isomerization. We highlight issues related to function and substrate specificity as well as the functional interplay between the two systems.
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