51
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Zhao L, Ni Y, Yu H, Zhang P, Zhao A, Bao Y, Liu J, Chen T, Xie G, Panee J, Chen W, Rajani C, Wei R, Su M, Jia W, Jia W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity. FASEB J 2016; 31:1449-1460. [PMID: 28007782 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600927r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous fatty acid metabolism that results in elongation and desaturation lipid products is thought to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we evaluated the potential of estimated elongase and desaturase activities for use as predictive markers for T2DM remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The results of a targeted metabolomics approach from 2 independent studies were used to calculate 24 serum FA concentration ratios (product/precursor). Gene expression data from an open public data set was also analyzed. In a longitudinal study of 38 obese diabetic patients with RYGB, we found higher baseline stearic acid/palmitic acid (S/P) ratio. This ratio reflects an elovl6-encoded elongase enzyme activity that has been found to be associated with greater possibility for diabetes remission after RYGB [odds ratio, 2.16 (95% CI 1.10-4.26)], after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, and fasting C-peptide. Our results were validated by examination of postsurgical elovl6 gene expression in morbidly obese patients. The association of S/P with the metabolic status of obese individuals was further validated in a cross-sectional cohort of 381 participants. In summary, higher baseline S/P was associated with greater probability of diabetes remission after RYGB and may serve as a diagnostic marker in preoperative patient assessment. - Zhao, L., Ni, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, P., Zhao, A., Bao, Y., Liu, J., Chen, T., Xie, G., Panee, J., Chen, W., Rajani, C., Wei, R., Su, M., Jia, W., Jia, W. Serum stearic acid/palmitic acid ratio as a potential predictor of diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Haoyong Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Aihua Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajian Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - Wenlian Chen
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Cynthia Rajani
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Runmin Wei
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Mingming Su
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; .,University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Su YJ, Lin HY, Weng SW, Lu CH, Lin CY, Chiu WC, Wang PW. Metformin Represses Interferonopathy Through Suppression of Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5 and Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein Activation: Comment on the Article by Wang et al. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:3042-3043. [PMID: 27696771 DOI: 10.1002/art.39935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jih Su
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Shao-Wen Weng
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lu
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Wen-Chan Chiu
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Taiwan China
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53
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Sunaga H, Matsui H, Anjo S, Syamsunarno MRAA, Koitabashi N, Iso T, Matsuzaka T, Shimano H, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Elongation of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Family Member 6 (Elovl6)-Driven Fatty Acid Metabolism Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase/Krüppel-Like Factor 4 (AMPK/KLF4) Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e004014. [PMID: 27881420 PMCID: PMC5210431 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids constitute the critical components of cell structure and function, and dysregulation of fatty acid composition may exert diverging vascular effects including proliferation, migration, and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, direct evidence for this hypothesis has been lacking. We investigated the role of elongation of long-chain fatty acid member 6 (Elovl6), a rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the elongation of saturated and monounsaturated long-chain fatty acid, in the regulation of phenotypic switching of VSMC. METHODS AND RESULTS Neointima formation following wire injury was markedly inhibited in Elovl6-null (Elovl6-/-) mice, and cultured VSMCs with siRNA-mediated knockdown of Elovl6 was barely responsive to PDGF-BB. Elovl6 inhibition induced cell cycle suppressors p53 and p21 and reduced the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation and VSMC marker expression. These changes are ascribed to increased palmitate levels and reduced oleate levels, changes that lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and resulting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. Notably, Elovl6 inhibition robustly induced the pluripotency gene Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) expression in VSMC, and KLF4 knockdown significantly attenuated AMPK-induced phenotypic switching of VSMC, indicating that KLF4 is a bona fide target of AMPK. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that dysregulation of Elovl6-driven long-chain fatty acid metabolism induces phenotypic switching of VSMC via ROS production and AMPK/KLF4 signaling that leads to growth arrest and downregulation of VSMC marker expression. The modulation of Elovl6-mediated cellular processes may provide an intriguing approach for tackling atherosclerosis and postangioplasty restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sunaga
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Saki Anjo
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mas Risky A A Syamsunarno
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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54
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Rivera Franco MM, Leon Rodriguez E, Martinez Benitez B, Villanueva Rodriguez LG, de la Luz Sevilla Gonzalez M, Armengol Alonso A. Association of PTP1B with Outcomes of Breast Cancer Patients Who Underwent Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2016; 10:177-184. [PMID: 27840578 PMCID: PMC5098408 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s40934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PTP1B is involved in the oncogenesis of breast cancer. In addition, neoadjuvant therapy has been widely used in breast cancer; thus, a measurement to assess survival improvement could be pathological complete response (pCR). Our objective was to associate PTP1B overexpression with outcomes of breast cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Forty-six specimens were included. Diagnostic biopsies were immunostained using anti-PTP1B antibody. Expression was categorized as negative (<5%) and overexpression (≥5%). Patients’ responses were graded according to the Miller–Payne system. Sixty-three percent of patients overexpressed PTP1B. There was no significant association between PTP1B overexpression and pCR (P = 0.2). However, when associated with intrinsic subtypes, overexpression was higher in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive-enriched specimens (P = 0.02). Ten-year progression-free survival showed no differences. Our preliminary results do not show an association between PTP1B over-expression and pCR; however, given the limited sample and heterogeneous treatment in our cohort, this hypothesis cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Rivera Franco
- Postgraduate and Research Department, Medical Faculty, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eucario Leon Rodriguez
- Hematology and Oncology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Braulio Martinez Benitez
- Antomical Pathology Deparment, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa G Villanueva Rodriguez
- Endocrinology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandra Armengol Alonso
- Hematology and Oncology Department, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
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55
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Gardener SL, Rainey-Smith SR, Martins RN. Diet and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Chronic Diseases: A Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:301-34. [PMID: 26682690 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the pathological features of the neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD). A number of additional disorders are likewise associated with a state of chronic inflammation, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes, which are themselves risk factors for AD. Dietary components have been shown to modify the inflammatory process at several steps of the inflammatory pathway. This review aims to evaluate the published literature on the effect of consumption of pro- or anti-inflammatory dietary constituents on the severity of both AD pathology and related chronic diseases, concentrating on the dietary constituents of flavonoids, spices, and fats. Diet-based anti-inflammatory components could lead to the development of potent novel anti-inflammatory compounds for a range of diseases. However, further work is required to fully characterize the therapeutic potential of such compounds, including gaining an understanding of dose-dependent relationships and limiting factors to effectiveness. Nutritional interventions utilizing anti-inflammatory foods may prove to be a valuable asset in not only delaying or preventing the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, but also treating pre-existing conditions including type-2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Gardener
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Stephanie R Rainey-Smith
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.,Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit (Hollywood Private Hospital), Perth, Australia
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56
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Böhm A, Hoffmann C, Irmler M, Schneeweiss P, Schnauder G, Sailer C, Schmid V, Hudemann J, Machann J, Schick F, Beckers J, Hrabě de Angelis M, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Stefan N, Nieß AM, Häring HU, Weigert C. TGF-β Contributes to Impaired Exercise Response by Suppression of Mitochondrial Key Regulators in Skeletal Muscle. Diabetes 2016; 65:2849-61. [PMID: 27358493 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A substantial number of people at risk of developing type 2 diabetes could not improve insulin sensitivity by physical training intervention. We studied the mechanisms of this impaired exercise response in 20 middle-aged individuals at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes who performed 8 weeks of controlled cycling and walking training at 80% individual Vo2 peak. Participants identified as nonresponders in insulin sensitivity (based on the Matsuda index) did not differ in preintervention parameters compared with high responders. The failure to increase insulin sensitivity after training correlates with impaired upregulation of mitochondrial fuel oxidation genes in skeletal muscle, and with the suppression of the upstream regulators PGC1α and AMPKα2. The muscle transcriptomes of the nonresponders are further characterized by the activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and TGF-β target genes, which is associated with increases in inflammatory and macrophage markers. TGF-β1 as inhibitor of mitochondrial regulators and insulin signaling is validated in human skeletal muscle cells. Activated TGF-β1 signaling downregulates the abundance of PGC1α, AMPKα2, the mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM, and mitochondrial enzymes. Thus, the data suggest that increased TGF-β activity in skeletal muscle can attenuate the improvement of mitochondrial fuel oxidation after training and contribute to the failure to increase insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Böhm
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoffmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Günter Schnauder
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Sailer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vera Schmid
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Hudemann
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany Institute of Experimental Genetics, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Harald Staiger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Stefan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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57
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Hunter WG, Kelly JP, McGarrah RW, Khouri MG, Craig D, Haynes C, Ilkayeva O, Stevens RD, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Felker GM, Hernandez AF, Velazquez EJ, Kraus WE, Shah SH. Metabolomic Profiling Identifies Novel Circulating Biomarkers of Mitochondrial Dysfunction Differentially Elevated in Heart Failure With Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction: Evidence for Shared Metabolic Impairments in Clinical Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003190. [PMID: 27473038 PMCID: PMC5015273 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic impairment is an important contributor to heart failure (HF) pathogenesis and progression. Dysregulated metabolic pathways remain poorly characterized in patients with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to determine metabolic abnormalities in HFpEF and identify pathways differentially altered in HFpEF versus HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS We identified HFpEF cases, HFrEF controls, and no-HF controls from the CATHGEN study of sequential patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. HFpEF cases (N=282) were defined by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥45%, diastolic dysfunction grade ≥1, and history of HF; HFrEF controls (N=279) were defined similarly, except for having LVEF <45%. No-HF controls (N=191) had LVEF ≥45%, normal diastolic function, and no HF diagnosis. Targeted mass spectrometry and enzymatic assays were used to quantify 63 metabolites in fasting plasma. Principal components analysis reduced the 63 metabolites to uncorrelated factors, which were compared across groups using ANCOVA. In basic and fully adjusted models, long-chain acylcarnitine factor levels differed significantly across groups (P<0.0001) and were greater in HFrEF than HFpEF (P=0.0004), both of which were greater than no-HF controls. We confirmed these findings in sensitivity analyses using stricter inclusion criteria, alternative LVEF thresholds, and adjustment for insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS We identified novel circulating metabolites reflecting impaired or dysregulated fatty acid oxidation that are independently associated with HF and differentially elevated in HFpEF and HFrEF. These results elucidate a specific metabolic pathway in HF and suggest a shared metabolic mechanism in HF along the LVEF spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wynn G Hunter
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Jacob P Kelly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Michel G Khouri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christopher B Newgard
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - G Michael Felker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Eric J Velazquez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC
| | - William E Kraus
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC
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58
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Gurzov EN, Stanley WJ, Pappas EG, Thomas HE, Gough DJ. The JAK/STAT pathway in obesity and diabetes. FEBS J 2016; 283:3002-15. [PMID: 26972840 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus are complex, multi-organ metabolic pathologies characterized by hyperglycemia. Emerging evidence shows that the highly conserved and potent JAK/STAT signaling pathway is required for normal homeostasis, and, when dysregulated, contributes to the development of obesity and diabetes. In this review, we analyze the role of JAK/STAT activation in the brain, liver, muscle, fat and pancreas, and how this affects the course of the disease. We also consider the therapeutic implications of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban N Gurzov
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - William J Stanley
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Evan G Pappas
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Daniel J Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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59
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Kim SM, Neuendorff N, Chapkin RS, Earnest DJ. Role of Inflammatory Signaling in the Differential Effects of Saturated and Poly-unsaturated Fatty Acids on Peripheral Circadian Clocks. EBioMedicine 2016; 7:100-11. [PMID: 27322464 PMCID: PMC4913702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling may play a role in high-fat diet (HFD)-related circadian clock disturbances that contribute to systemic metabolic dysregulation. Therefore, palmitate, the prevalent proinflammatory saturated fatty acid (SFA) in HFD and the anti-inflammatory, poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were analyzed for effects on circadian timekeeping and inflammatory responses in peripheral clocks. Prolonged palmitate, but not DHA, exposure increased the period of fibroblast Bmal1-dLuc rhythms. Acute palmitate treatment produced phase shifts of the Bmal1-dLuc rhythm that were larger in amplitude as compared to DHA. These phase-shifting effects were time-dependent and contemporaneous with rhythmic changes in palmitate-induced inflammatory responses. Fibroblast and differentiated adipocyte clocks exhibited cell-specific differences in the time-dependent nature of palmitate-induced shifts and inflammation. DHA and other inhibitors of inflammatory signaling (AICAR, cardamonin) repressed palmitate-induced proinflammatory responses and phase shifts of the fibroblast clock, suggesting that SFA-mediated inflammatory signaling may feed back to modulate circadian timekeeping in peripheral clocks. The saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitate differentially modulates the circadian timekeeping mechanism in peripheral clocks; Palmitate induces time-dependent phase shifts that coincide with its rhythmic induction of inflammatory signaling; Time-dependent nature of the palmitate-induced phase shifts and inflammatory signaling is cell specific; Inhibitors of inflammatory signaling repress the proinflammatory and phase shifting effects of palmitate; Inflammatory signaling plays a role in the mechanism by which palmitate alters circadian timekeeping in peripheral clocks.
Circadian or 24-hour clocks throughout the body mediate the local temporal coordination of tissue- or cell-specific processes necessary for normal inflammatory responses and metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of peripheral clocks and their timekeeping function contribute to obesity-related metabolic disorders (e.g., type 2 diabetes). Our data unveil a novel mechanism by which mutual interactions between peripheral clocks and inflammatory signaling pathways dysregulate circadian timekeeping, and exacerbate proinflammatory responses to saturated fatty acids. These studies will guide the development of chronotherapeutic drug and/or dietary omega-3 fatty acid treatments for managing and preventing metabolic disorders and other inflammation-related pathologies (e.g., cardiovascular disease, stroke, arthritis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Moon Kim
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA
| | - Nichole Neuendorff
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77807-3260, USA.
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3258, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807-3260, USA.
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60
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Pickens CA, Lane-Elliot A, Comstock SS, Fenton JI. Altered Saturated and Monounsaturated Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles in Adult Males with Colon Adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:498-506. [PMID: 26721667 PMCID: PMC4779661 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism and plasma fatty acid (FA) levels are associated with colorectal cancer. Obesity and elevated waist circumference (WC) increase the likelihood of developing precancerous colon adenomas. METHODS Venous blood was collected from 126 males, ages 48 to 65 years, who received routine colonoscopies. Plasma phospholipid (PPL) FAs were isolated, derivatized, and then analyzed using gas chromatography. ORs and 95% confidence intervals were determined using polytomous logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors [i.e., age, smoking, WC, and body mass index (BMI)]. RESULTS PPL palmitic acid (PA) was inversely correlated with the presence of colon adenomas (P = 0.01). For each unit increase in palmitoleic acid (OR, 3.75; P = 0.04) or elaidic acid (OR, 2.92; P = 0.04), an individual was more likely to have adenomas relative to no colon polyps. Higher enzyme activity estimates (EAE) of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1; P = 0.02) and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein-6 (ELOVL-6; P = 0.03) were associated with an individual being approximately 1.5 times more likely to have an adenoma compared with no polyps. CONCLUSIONS PPL FAs and EAEs, which have previously been associated with colorectal cancer, are significantly different in those with adenomas when compared with those without polyps. PPL PA, elaidic acid, and SCD-1 and ELOVL-6 EAEs are associated with adenomas independent of BMI and WC. IMPACT PPL PA, elaidic acid, and SCD-1 and ELOVL-6 EAEs are associated with adenomas even after adjusting for obesity-related risk factors and may function as novel biomarkers of early colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ami Lane-Elliot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Oberbach A, Schlichting N, Heinrich M, Kullnick Y, Lehmann S, Adams V, Stolzenburg JW, Neuhaus J. [High fat diet-induced molecular and physiological dysfunction of the urinary bladder]. Urologe A 2015; 53:1805-11. [PMID: 25412909 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity with its multiple comorbidities has become a global pandemia. We here report on the pathophysiological aspects of obesity-associated urinary bladder dysfunctions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Our results are based on multiple in vitro and in vivo studies including a high fat diet (HFD) rat animal model of which the details are given in the cited publications. RESULTS In cultured human detrusor muscle cells, obesity-related pathophysiological mechanisms were directly induced by the saturated free fatty acid palmitate. In HFD animals, we found serious fibrosis of the bladder wall and downregulation of the muscarinic M3-receptor leading to diminished contractility of the urinary bladder. Bariatric surgical intervention (sleeve gastrectomy) reversed the fibrosis. CONCLUSION Our results support the relevance of obesity for urological bladder dysfunction. The epidemic dimension of obesity with its steadily growing number of cases requires a re-evaluation of this pathological condition in the urological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oberbach
- Klinik für Herzchirurgie, Herzzentrum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
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62
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Macrophage polarization: the link between inflammation and related diseases. Inflamm Res 2015; 65:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0874-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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63
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Kellow NJ, Coughlan MT. Effect of diet-derived advanced glycation end products on inflammation. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:737-59. [PMID: 26377870 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formed via the Maillard reaction during the thermal processing of food contributes to the flavor, color, and aroma of food. A proportion of food-derived AGEs and their precursors is intestinally absorbed and accumulates within cells and tissues. AGEs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes-related complications and several chronic diseases via interaction with the receptor for AGEs, which promotes the transcription of genes that control inflammation. The dicarbonyls, highly reactive intermediates of AGE formation, are also generated during food processing and may incite inflammatory responses through 1) the suppression of protective pathways, 2) the incretin axis, 3) the modulation of immune-mediated signaling, and 4) changes in gut microbiota profile and metabolite sensors. In animal models, restriction of dietary AGEs attenuates chronic low-grade inflammation, but current evidence from human studies is less clear. Here, the emerging relationship between excess dietary AGE consumption and inflammation is explored, the utility of dietary AGE restriction as a therapeutic strategy for the attenuation of chronic diseases is discussed, and possible avenues for future investigation are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Kellow
- N.J. Kellow and M.T. Coughlan are with the Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. M.T. Coughlan is with the Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- N.J. Kellow and M.T. Coughlan are with the Glycation, Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. M.T. Coughlan is with the Department of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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64
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Stinkens R, Goossens GH, Jocken JWE, Blaak EE. Targeting fatty acid metabolism to improve glucose metabolism. Obes Rev 2015; 16:715-57. [PMID: 26179344 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in fatty acid metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut and pancreas play an important role in the development of insulin resistance, impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Alterations in diet composition may contribute to prevent and/or reverse these disturbances through modulation of fatty acid metabolism. Besides an increased fat mass, adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by an altered capacity to store lipids and an altered secretion of adipokines, may result in lipid overflow, systemic inflammation and excessive lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues like liver, skeletal muscle and the pancreas. These impairments together promote the development of impaired glucose metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, intrinsic functional impairments in either of these organs may contribute to lipotoxicity and insulin resistance. The present review provides an overview of fatty acid metabolism-related pathways in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, pancreas and gut, which can be targeted by diet or food components, thereby improving glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stinkens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G H Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J W E Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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65
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Mihai AD, Schröder M. Glucose starvation and hypoxia, but not the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid or cholesterol, activate the unfolded protein response in 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Adipocyte 2015; 4:188-202. [PMID: 26257992 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.989728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in adipose tissue. In this study we identify physiological triggers of ER stress and of the UPR in adipocytes in vitro. We show that two markers of adipose tissue remodelling in obesity, glucose starvation and hypoxia, cause ER stress in 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both conditions induced molecular markers of the IRE1α and PERK branches of the UPR, such as splicing of XBP1 mRNA and CHOP, as well as transcription of the ER stress responsive gene BiP. Hypoxia also induced an increase in phosphorylation of the PERK substrate eIF2α. By contrast, physiological triggers of ER stress in many other cell types, such as the saturated fatty acid palmitic acid, cholesterol, or several inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, do not cause ER stress in 3T3-F442A and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our data suggest that physiological changes associated with remodelling of adipose tissue in obesity, such as hypoxia and glucose starvation, are more likely physiological ER stressors of adipocytes than the lipid overload or hyperinsulinemia associated with obesity.
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66
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Capel F, Acquaviva C, Pitois E, Laillet B, Rigaudière JP, Jouve C, Pouyet C, Gladine C, Comte B, Vianey Saban C, Morio B. DHA at nutritional doses restores insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by preventing lipotoxicity and inflammation. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:949-59. [PMID: 26007287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a major role in the control of whole body glucose disposal in response to insulin stimulus. Excessive supply of fatty acids to this tissue triggers cellular and molecular disturbances leading to lipotoxicity, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired insulin response and decreased glucose uptake. This study was conducted to analyze the preventive effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid, against insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and inflammation in skeletal muscle at doses compatible with nutritional supplementation. DHA (30 μM) prevented insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes exposed to palmitate (500 μM) by decreasing protein kinase C (PKC)-θ activation and restoring cellular acylcarnitine profile, insulin-dependent AKT phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Furthermore, DHA protected C2C12 myotubes from palmitate- or lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in Ptgs2, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA level, probably through the inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun amino-terminal kinase. In LDLR -/- mice fed a high-cholesterol-high-sucrose diet, supplementation with DHA reaching up to 2% of daily energy intake enhanced the insulin-dependent AKT phosphorylation and reduced the PKC-θ activation in skeletal muscle. Therefore, DHA used at physiological doses participates in the regulation of muscle lipid and glucose metabolisms by preventing lipotoxicity and inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- Absorption, Physiological
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Dietary Supplements
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/metabolism
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use
- Fish Oils/administration & dosage
- Fish Oils/therapeutic use
- Glucose/metabolism
- Hindlimb
- Insulin Resistance
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myositis/blood
- Myositis/immunology
- Myositis/metabolism
- Myositis/prevention & control
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C-theta
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/agonists
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Tuna
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Capel
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Pitois
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Brigitte Laillet
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Rigaudière
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Chrystèle Jouve
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Pouyet
- INRA, UMR 1019, Plateforme d'Exploration du Métabolisme, UNH, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cècile Gladine
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christine Vianey Saban
- Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, CHU de Lyon, France
| | - Bèatrice Morio
- UMR 1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Auvergne, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Tereshina EV, Ivanenko SI. Age-related obesity is a heritage of the evolutionary past. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:581-92. [PMID: 25108322 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914070013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the process of human aging, an increase in the total amount of fat is observed mainly due to accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissues. Insulin resistance, provoked by the intracellular accumulation of triglycerides, is often associated with development of such age-related diseases as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, and also with systemic inflammation and lipo- and glucose toxicity. Accumulation of lipids and lipophilic compounds is a biological phenomenon common for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Initially, it arose as an adaptation to starvation and shortage of nitrogen-containing nutrients, but later it converted into a depot of membrane material, needed on recommencement of cell division. In rodents and humans, the accumulation of non-metabolized fat in non-adipose tissues can be regarded as an adaptation to changes in the internal medium on a certain stage of ontogenesis as a result of age-related dysfunction of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Tereshina
- World Wide Medical Assistance, Oberwil B. Zug, 6317, Switzerland.
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68
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Xifró X, Vidal-Sancho L, Boadas-Vaello P, Turrado C, Alberch J, Puig T, Verdú E. Novel epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) derivative as a new therapeutic strategy for reducing neuropathic pain after chronic constriction nerve injury in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123122. [PMID: 25855977 PMCID: PMC4391943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is common in peripheral nerve injury and often fails to respond to ordinary medication. Here, we investigated whether the two novel epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) polyphenolic derivatives, compound 23 and 30, reduce the neuropathic pain in mice chronic constriction nerve injury (CCI). First, we performed a dose-response study to evaluate nociceptive sensation after administration of EGCG and its derivatives 23 and 30, using the Hargreaves test at 7 and 21 days after injury (dpi). We daily administered EGCG, 23 and 30 (10 to 100 mg/Kg; i.p.) during the first week post-CCI. None of the doses of compound 23 caused significant pain diminution, whereas 50mg/kg was optimal for both EGCG and 30 to delay the latency of paw withdrawal. With 50 mg/Kg, we showed that EGCC prevented the thermal hyperalgesia from 7 to 21 dpi and compound 30 from 14 to 56 dpi. To evaluate the molecular mechanisms underpinning why EGCG and compound 30 differentially prevented the thermal hyperalgesia, we studied several biochemical parameters in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord at 14 and 56 dpi. We showed that the effect observed with EGCG and compound 30 was related to the inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN), a known target of these polyphenolic compounds. Additionally, we observed that EGCG and compound 30 reduced the expression of CCI-mediated inflammatory proteins and the nuclear localization of nuclear factor-kappa B at 14 dpi, but not at 56 dpi. We also strongly detected a decrease of synaptic plasma membrane levels of N-methyl-D-asparte receptor 2B in CCI-mice treated with compound 30 at 56 dpi. Altogether, compound 30 reduced the chronic thermal hyperalgesia induced by CCI better than the natural compound EGCG. Thus, our findings provide a rationale for the preclinical development of compound 30 as an agent to treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Xifró
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Vidal-Sancho
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
| | - Carlos Turrado
- Laboratorio de Química Médica, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Immunologia i Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Puig
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TP); (EV)
| | - Enrique Verdú
- Grupo de Investigación de Anatomía Clínica, Embriología, Neurociencia y Oncología Molecular (NEOMA), Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
- * E-mail: (TP); (EV)
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Liu L, Feng R, Guo F, Li Y, Jiao J, Sun C. Targeted metabolomic analysis reveals the association between the postprandial change in palmitic acid, branched-chain amino acids and insulin resistance in young obese subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2015; 108:84-93. [PMID: 25700627 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of a positive energy balance and often leads to difficulties in maintaining normal postprandial metabolism. The changes in postprandial metabolites after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in young obese Chinese men are unclear. In this work, the aim is to investigate the complex metabolic alterations in obesity provoked by an OGTT using targeted metabolomics. We used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry to analyze serum fatty acids, amino acids and biogenic amines profiles from 15 control and 15 obese subjects at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min during an OGTT. Metabolite profiles from 30 obese subjects as independent samples were detected in order to validate the change of metabolites. There were the decreased levels of fatty acid, amino acids and biogenic amines after OGTT in obesity. At 120 min, percent change of 20 metabolites in obesity has statistical significance when comparing with the controls. The obese parameters was positively associated with changes in arginine and histidine (P<0.05) and the postprandial change in palmitic acid (PA), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and phenylalanine between 1 and 120 min were positively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (all P<0.05) in the obese group. The postprandial metabolite of PA and BCAAs may play important role in the development and onset of insulin resistance in obesity. Our findings offer new insights in the complex physiological regulation of the metabolism during an OGTT in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Fuchuan Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Haghani K, Pashaei S, Vakili S, Taheripak G, Bakhtiyari S. TNF-α knockdown alleviates palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:977-82. [PMID: 25839650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which accompanied by lipid accumulation and TNF-α overexpression in skeletal muscle. The role of TNF-α in palmitate-induced insulin resistance remained to be elucidated. Here, we assessed effects of TNF-α knockdown on the components of insulin signaling pathway (IRS-1 and Akt) in palmitate-induced insulin resistant C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. To reduce TNF-α expression, C2C12 cells were transduced with TNF-α-shRNA lentiviral particles. Afterwards, the protein expression of TNF-α, IRS-1, and Akt, as well as phosphorylation levels of IRS-1 and Akt were evaluated by western blot. We also measured insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the presence and absence of palmitate. TNF-α protein expression in C2C12 cells significantly increased by treatment with 0.75 mM palmitate (P < 0.05). In TNF-α knockdown cells, the protein expression level of TNF-α was significantly decreased by almost 70% (P < 0.01) compared with the control cells. Our results also revealed that, in control cells, palmitate treatment significantly reduced the insulin-induced phosphorylations of IRS-1 (Tyr632) and Akt (Ser473) by 60% and 66% (P < 0.01), respectively. Interestingly, these phosphorylations, even in the presence of palmitate, were not significantly reduced in TNF-α knockdown cells with respect to the untreated control cells (P > 0.05). Furthermore, palmitate significantly reduced insulin-dependent glucose uptake in control cells, however, it was not able to reduce insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in TNF-α knockdown cells in comparison with the untreated control cells (P < 0.01). These findings indicated that TNF-α down-regulation maintains insulin sensitivity, even in the presence of palmitate, therefore, TNF-α inhibition could be a good strategy for the treatment of palmitate-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karimeh Haghani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Somayeh Pashaei
- Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Sanaz Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Bakhtiyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Jiao H, Tang P, Zhang Y. MAP kinase phosphatase 2 regulates macrophage-adipocyte interaction. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120755. [PMID: 25816341 PMCID: PMC4376689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Inflammation is critical for the development of obesity-associated metabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 (MKP-2) in inflammation during macrophage-adipocyte interaction. Methods White adipose tissues (WAT) from mice either on a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow (NC) were isolated to examine the expression of MKP-2. Murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 stably expressing MKP-2 was used to study the regulation of MKP-2 in macrophages in response to saturated free fatty acid (FFA) and its role in macrophage M1/M2 activation. Macrophage-adipocyte co-culture system was employed to investigate the role of MKP-2 in regulating inflammation during adipocyte-macrophage interaction. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)- and p38-specific inhibitors were used to examine the mechanisms by which MKP-2 regulates macrophage activation and macrophage-adipocytes interaction. Results HFD changed the expression of MKP-2 in WAT, and MKP-2 was highly expressed in the stromal vascular cells (SVCs). MKP-2 inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to FFA stimulation in macrophages. MKP-2 inhibited macrophage M1 activation through JNK and p38. In addition, overexpression of MKP-2 in macrophages suppressed inflammation during macrophage-adipocyte interaction. Conclusion MKP-2 is a negative regulator of macrophage M1 activation through JNK and p38 and inhibits inflammation during macrophage-adipocyte interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Jiao
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, the Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Inflammation regulates energy metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines involves in energy regulation in several conditions, such as obesity, aging (calorie restriction), sports (exercise), and cancer (cachexia). Here, we introduce a view of integrative physiology to understand pro-inflammatory cytokines in the control of energy expenditure. In obesity, chronic inflammation is derived from energy surplus that induces adipose tissue expansion and adipose tissue hypoxia. In addition to the detrimental effect on insulin sensitivity, pro-inflammatory cytokines also stimulate energy expenditure and facilitate adipose tissue remodeling. In caloric restriction (CR), inflammatory status is decreased by low energy intake that results in less energy supply to immune cells to favor energy saving under caloric restriction. During physical exercise, inflammatory status is elevated due to muscle production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which promote fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue to meet the muscle energy demand. In cancer cachexia, chronic inflammation is elevated by the immune response in the fight against cancer. The energy expenditure from chronic inflammation contributes to weight loss. Immune tolerant cancer cells gains more nutrients during the inflammation. In these conditions, inflammation coordinates energy distribution and energy demand between tissues. If the body lacks response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines (Inflammation Resistance), the energy metabolism will be impaired leading to an increased risk for obesity. In contrast, super-induction of the inflammation activity leads to weight loss and malnutrition in cancer cachexia. In summary, inflammation is a critical component in the maintenance of energy balance in the body. Literature is reviewed in above fields to support this view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System
- Correspondence:
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Chen PY, Wang J, Lin YC, Li CC, Tsai CW, Liu TC, Chen HW, Huang CS, Lii CK, Liu KL. 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance in mouse C2C12 myotubes. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:521-31. [PMID: 25687616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major site of insulin action. Intramuscular lipid accumulation results in inflammation, which has a strong correlation with skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to explore the effects of linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on palmitic acid (PA)-induced inflammatory responses and IR in C2C12 myotubes. Our data demonstrated that these three test 18-carbon PUFAs can inhibit PA-induced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and IR as evidenced by increases in phosphorylated AKT and the 160-kD AKT substrate, mRNA and plasma membrane protein expression of glucose transporter 4, and glucose uptake. Moreover, the 18-carbon PUFAs blocked the effects of PA on activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Of note, supplementation with GLA-rich borage oil decreased proinflammatory cytokine production and hindered the activation of MAPKs, PKC-θ and NF-κB in the skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. The 18-carbon PUFAs did not reverse PA-induced inflammation or IR in C2C12 myotubes transfected with a constitutively active mutant IκB kinase-β plasmid, which suggests the importance of the inhibition of NF-κB activation by the 18-carbon PUFAs. Moreover, blockade of AMPK activation by short hairpin RNA annulled the inhibitory effects of the 18-carbon PUFAs on PA-induced IR but not inflammation. Our findings suggest that the 18-carbon PUFAs may be useful in the management of PA-induced inflammation and IR in myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Sec. 4, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chin Lin
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Te-Chung Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd., Taichung 40203, Taiwan; Department of Dietitian, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ma W, Wu JHY, Wang Q, Lemaitre RN, Mukamal KJ, Djoussé L, King IB, Song X, Biggs ML, Delaney JA, Kizer JR, Siscovick DS, Mozaffarian D. Prospective association of fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway with risk of type 2 diabetes: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:153-63. [PMID: 25527759 PMCID: PMC4266885 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence suggests that hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) affects insulin homeostasis via synthesis of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Few prospective studies have used fatty acid biomarkers to assess associations with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations of major circulating SFAs [palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0)] and MUFA [oleic acid (18:1n-9)] in the DNL pathway with metabolic risk factors and incident diabetes in community-based older U.S. adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study. We secondarily assessed other DNL fatty acid biomarkers [myristic acid (14:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), 7-hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9), and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7)] and estimated dietary SFAs and MUFAs. DESIGN In 3004 participants free of diabetes, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were measured in 1992, and incident diabetes was identified by medication use and blood glucose. Usual diets were assessed by using repeated food-frequency questionnaires. Multivariable linear and Cox regression were used to assess associations with metabolic risk factors and incident diabetes, respectively. RESULTS At baseline, circulating palmitic acid and stearic acid were positively associated with adiposity, triglycerides, inflammation biomarkers, and insulin resistance (P-trend < 0.01 each), whereas oleic acid showed generally beneficial associations (P-trend < 0.001 each). During 30,763 person-years, 297 incident diabetes cases occurred. With adjustment for demographics and lifestyle, palmitic acid (extreme-quintile HR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.27, 2.83; P-trend = 0.001) and stearic acid (HR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.41; P-trend = 0.006) were associated with higher diabetes risk, whereas oleic acid was not significantly associated. In secondary analyses, vaccenic acid was inversely associated with diabetes (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.83; P-trend = 0.005). Other fatty acid biomarkers and estimated dietary SFAs or MUFAs were not significantly associated with incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort, circulating palmitic acid and stearic acid were associated with higher diabetes risk, and vaccenic acid was associated with lower diabetes risk. These results indicate a need for additional investigation of biological mechanisms linking specific fatty acids in the DNL pathway to the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Ma
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Qianyi Wang
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Luc Djoussé
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Irena B King
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Xiaoling Song
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Mary L Biggs
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Joseph A Delaney
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - David S Siscovick
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (WM, QW, and DM); the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (DM); the Divisions of Aging (LD) and Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine (DM), Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; the Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA (LD); the Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (KJM); The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (JHYW); the Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine (RNL and DSS), Epidemiology (DSS), and Biostatistics (MLB), and the Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center (JAD), University of Washington, Seattle, WA; the Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA (XS); the Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (IBK); and the Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (JRK)
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Ojima K, Oe M, Nakajima I, Shibata M, Chikuni K, Muroya S, Nishimura T. Proteomic analysis of secreted proteins from skeletal muscle cells during differentiation. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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76
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Hamada Y, Nagasaki H, Fujiya A, Seino Y, Shang QL, Suzuki T, Hashimoto H, Oiso Y. Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in pro-inflammatory adipokine secretion and adipocyte–macrophage interaction. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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77
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Pillon NJ, Li YE, Fink LN, Brozinick JT, Nikolayev A, Kuo MS, Bilan PJ, Klip A. Nucleotides released from palmitate-challenged muscle cells through pannexin-3 attract monocytes. Diabetes 2014; 63:3815-26. [PMID: 24917574 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation in metabolically relevant tissues contributes to insulin resistance. We recently reported monocyte/macrophage infiltration in mouse and human skeletal muscles. However, the molecular triggers of this infiltration are unknown, and the role of muscle cells in this context is poorly understood. Animal studies are not amenable to the specific investigation of this vectorial cellular communication. Using cell cultures, we investigated the crosstalk between myotubes and monocytes exposed to physiological levels of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Media from L6 myotubes treated with palmitate-but not palmitoleate-induced THP1 monocyte migration across transwells. Palmitate activated the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in myotubes and elevated cytokine expression, but the monocyte chemoattracting agent was not a polypeptide. Instead, nucleotide degradation eliminated the chemoattracting properties of the myotube-conditioned media. Moreover, palmitate-induced expression and activity of pannexin-3 channels in myotubes were mediated by TLR4-NF-κB, and TLR4-NF-κB inhibition or pannexin-3 knockdown prevented monocyte chemoattraction. In mice, the expression of pannexin channels increased in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in response to high-fat feeding. These findings identify pannexins as new targets of saturated fatty acid-induced inflammation in myotubes, and point to nucleotides as possible mediators of immune cell chemoattraction toward muscle in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yujin E Li
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisbeth N Fink
- Diabetes Research Unit, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Philip J Bilan
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Aguer C, McCoin CS, Knotts TA, Thrush AB, Ono-Moore K, McPherson R, Dent R, Hwang DH, Adams SH, Harper ME. Acylcarnitines: potential implications for skeletal muscle insulin resistance. FASEB J 2014; 29:336-45. [PMID: 25342132 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance may be linked to incomplete fatty acid β-oxidation and the subsequent increase in acylcarnitine species in different tissues including skeletal muscle. It is not known if acylcarnitines participate in muscle insulin resistance or simply reflect dysregulated metabolism. The aims of this study were to determine whether acylcarnitines can elicit muscle insulin resistance and to better understand the link between incomplete muscle fatty acid β-oxidation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin-resistance development. Differentiated C2C12, primary mouse, and human myotubes were treated with acylcarnitines (C4:0, C14:0, C16:0) or with palmitate with or without carnitine acyltransferase inhibition by mildronate. Treatment with C4:0, C14:0, and C16:0 acylcarnitines resulted in 20-30% decrease in insulin response at the level of Akt phosphorylation and/or glucose uptake. Mildronate reversed palmitate-induced insulin resistance concomitant with an ∼25% decrease in short-chain acylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine secretion. Although proinflammatory cytokines were not affected under these conditions, oxidative stress was increased by 2-3 times by short- or long-chain acylcarnitines. Acylcarnitine-induced oxidative stress and insulin resistance were reversed by treatment with antioxidants. Results are consistent with the conclusion that incomplete muscle fatty acid β-oxidation causes acylcarnitine accumulation and associated oxidative stress, raising the possibility that these metabolites play a role in muscle insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Aguer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin S McCoin
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA
| | - Trina A Knotts
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - A Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kikumi Ono-Moore
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Dent
- Ottawa Hospital Weight Management Clinic, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel H Hwang
- Immunity & Disease Prevention Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Molecular, Cellular, & Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, California, USA; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, California, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
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Salvadó L, Barroso E, Gómez-Foix AM, Palomer X, Michalik L, Wahli W, Vázquez-Carrera M. PPARβ/δ prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Diabetologia 2014; 57:2126-35. [PMID: 25063273 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is involved in the link between inflammation and insulin resistance, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we assessed whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ prevented ER stress-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. METHODS Studies were conducted in mouse C2C12 myotubes, in the human myogenic cell line LHCN-M2 and in skeletal muscle from wild-type and PPARβ/δ-deficient mice and mice exposed to a high-fat diet. RESULTS The PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 prevented lipid-induced ER stress in mouse and human myotubes and in skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet. PPARβ/δ activation also prevented thapsigargin- and tunicamycin-induced ER stress in human and murine skeletal muscle cells. In agreement with this, PPARβ/δ activation prevented ER stress-associated inflammation and insulin resistance, and glucose-intolerant PPARβ/δ-deficient mice showed increased phosphorylated levels of inositol-requiring 1 transmembrane kinase/endonuclease-1α in skeletal muscle. Our findings demonstrate that PPARβ/δ activation prevents ER stress through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the subsequent inhibition of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 due to the inhibitory crosstalk between AMPK and ERK1/2, since overexpression of a dominant negative AMPK construct (K45R) reversed the effects attained by PPARβ/δ activation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Overall, these findings indicate that PPARβ/δ prevents ER stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells by activating AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Salvadó
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Liu JW, Montero M, Bu L, De Leon M. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein protects nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells from lipotoxic injury. J Neurochem 2014; 132:85-98. [PMID: 25147052 PMCID: PMC4270845 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP/FABP5/DA11) binds and transport long-chain fatty acids in the cytoplasm and may play a protecting role during neuronal injury. We examined whether E-FABP protects nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells (NGFDPC12 cells) from lipotoxic injury observed after palmitic acid (C16:0; PAM) overload. NGFDPC12 cells cultures treated with PAM/bovine serum albumin at 0.3 mM/0.15 mM show PAM-induced lipotoxicity (PAM-LTx) and apoptosis. The apoptosis was preceded by a cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of E-FABP. Antioxidants MCI-186 and N-acetyl cysteine prevented E-FABP's induction in expression by PAM-LTx, while tert-butyl hydroperoxide increased ROS and E-FABP expression. Non-metabolized methyl ester of PAM, methyl palmitic acid (mPAM), failed to increase cellular ROS, E-FABP gene expression, or trigger apoptosis. Treatment of NGFDPC12 cultures with siE-FABP showed reduced E-FABP levels correlating with higher accumulation of ROS and cell death after exposure to PAM. In contrast, increasing E-FABP cellular levels by pre-loading the cells with recombinant E-FABP diminished the PAM-induced ROS and cell death. Finally, agonists for PPARβ (GW0742) or PPARγ (GW1929) increased E-FABP expression and enhanced the resistance of NGFDPC12 cells to PAM-LTx. We conclude that E-FABP protects NGFDPC12 cells from lipotoxic injury through mechanisms that involve reduction of ROS. Epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) may protect nerve cells from the damaging exposure to high levels of free fatty acids (FA). We show that E-FABP can neutralize the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the high levels of FA in the cell and protect PC12 cells from lipotoxic injuries common in Type 2 diabetes neuropathy. Potentially, E-FABP gene up-regulation may be mediated through the NFkB pathway and future studies are needed to further evaluate this proposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Wen Liu
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Kunisawa J, Hashimoto E, Inoue A, Nagasawa R, Suzuki Y, Ishikawa I, Shikata S, Arita M, Aoki J, Kiyono H. Regulation of Intestinal IgA Responses by Dietary Palmitic Acid and Its Metabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1666-71. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yang M, Dai J, Jia Y, Suo L, Li S, Guo Y, Liu H, Li L, Yang G. Overexpression of juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 reduces proinflammatory cytokine release via inhibition of stress-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB. FEBS J 2014; 281:3193-205. [PMID: 24854865 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As an inhibitor of the nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 2 signaling pathway, juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) has been shown to be involved in gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. However, its role in hepatic lipogenesis and chronic low-grade inflammation leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine whether JAZF1 overexpression in vivo or in vitro can protect against palmitic acid (PA)-induced and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced systemic inflammatory responses, and the potential mechanism of this process. JAZF1 overexpression vector was transfected into PA-treated IAR-20 hepatocytes. The mRNA expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured by real-time quantitative PCR, and stress-activated protein kinase activities were measured by immunoblotting. For in vivo studies, JAZF1 transgenic mice were fed an HFD for 12 weeks. Liver tissue was obtained for histological examination, real-time RT-PCR, and western blot analysis. PA significantly increased the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 mRNA in IAR-20 hepatocytes in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Treatment with JAZF1 or stress-activated protein kinase inhibitors inhibited PA-induced tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 expression in these cells. In JAZF1-treated cells, the decreased expression of proinflammatory cytokines was accompanied by decreased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation and increased nuclear factor-κB inhibitor-α protein levels, similarly to the role of signaling inhibitors. In vivo, HFD-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines was markedly attenuated in JAZF1-Tg mice as compared with controls. This attenuation was accompanied by decreased activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. These data provide evidence for the important role of JAZF1 in preventing lipogenesis and systemic inflammation-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, China
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3T3-L1 preadipocytes exhibit heightened monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 response to acute fatty acid exposure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99382. [PMID: 24911931 PMCID: PMC4049800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadipocytes contribute to the inflammatory responses within adipose tissue. Whilst fatty acids are known to elicit an inflammatory response within adipose tissue, the relative contribution of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes to this is yet to be determined. We aimed to examine the actions of common dietary fatty acids on the acute inflammatory and adipokine response in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and differentiated mature adipocytes. Gene expression levels of key adipokines in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes were determined following incubation with palmitic acid, myristic acid or oleic acid and positive inflammatory control, lipopolysaccharide for 2 and 4 h. Inflammatory kinase signalling was assessed by analysis of nuclear factor-κB, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun amino-terminal kinase phosphorylation. Under basal conditions, intracellular monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were increased in preadipocytes, whereas mature adipocytes expressed increased gene expression levels of leptin and adiponectin. Fatty acid exposure at 2 and 4 h increased both monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6 gene expression levels in preadipocytes to greater levels than in mature adipocytes. There was an accompanying increase of inhibitor of κB-α degradation and nuclear factor-κB (p65) (Ser536) phosphorylation with fatty acid exposure in the preadipocytes only. The current study points to preadipocytes rather than the adipocytes as the contributors to both immune cell recruitment and inflammatory adipokine secretion with acute increases in fatty acids.
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84
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Siegel-Axel DI, Ullrich S, Stefan N, Rittig K, Gerst F, Klingler C, Schmidt U, Schreiner B, Randrianarisoa E, Schaller HE, Stock UA, Weigert C, Königsrainer A, Häring HU. Fetuin-A influences vascular cell growth and production of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins by human perivascular fat cells. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1057-66. [PMID: 24493202 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Fetuin-A (alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein), a liver-derived circulating glycoprotein, contributes to lipid disorders, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In a previous study we found that perivascular fat cells (PVFCs) have a higher angiogenic potential than other fat cell types. The aim was to examine whether fetuin-A influences PVFC and vascular cell growth and the expression and secretion of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins, and whether TLR4-independent pathways are involved. METHODS Mono- and co-cultures of human PVFCs and endothelial cells were treated with fetuin-A and/or palmitate for 6-72 h. Proteins were quantified by ELISA and Luminex, mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and cell growth by BrDU-ELISA. Some PVFCs were preincubated with a nuclear factor κB NFκBp65 inhibitor, or the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor CLI-095, or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitors and/or stimulated with insulin. Intracellular forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1), NFκBp65 and inhibitor of κB kinase β (IKKβ) localisation was visualised by immunostaining. RESULTS PVFCs expressed and secreted IL-6, IL-8, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), placental growth factor (PLGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Fetuin-A upregulated IL-6 and IL-8, and this was potentiated by palmitate and blocked by CLI-095. Immunostaining and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed partial NFκBp65 activation. MCP-1 was upregulated and blocked by CLI-095, but not by palmitate. However, HGF was downregulated, which was slightly potentiated by palmitate. This effect persisted after TLR4 pathway blockade. Stimulation of insulin-PI3K-Akt signalling by insulin resulted in nuclear FoxO1 extrusion and HGF upregulation. Fetuin-A counteracted these insulin effects. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Fetuin-A and/or palmitate influence the expression of proinflammatory and angiogenic proteins only partially via TLR4 signalling. HGF downregulation seems to be mediated by interference with the insulin-dependent receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. Fetuin-A may also influence angiogenic and proinflammatory proteins involved in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea I Siegel-Axel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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85
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Lu Y, Zhou Z, Tao J, Dou B, Gao M, Liu Y. Overexpression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhance the expression of induced endothelial cells. Lipids Health Dis 2014; 13:53. [PMID: 24650127 PMCID: PMC3974181 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-13-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of differentiating into endothelial cells in vitro and acquire major characteristics of mature endothelial-like expression of vWF and CD31. SFAs and lipid oxidation products have been linked with postprandial endothelial dysfunction. Consumption of SFAs impairs arterial endothelial function, while a Mediterranean-type MUFA-diet has a beneficial effect on endothelial function by producing a decrease in levels of vWF, TFPI and PAI-1. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which converts SFA to MUFA, is involved in the cellular biosynthesis of MUFAs from SFA substrates. High expression of SCD1 is corresponded with low rates of fatty acid oxidation, therefore it might reduce inflammatory responses and be beneficial for the growth of induced endothelial cells. Overexpression of SCD1 in BM-MSCs might increase the growth of induced endothelial cells. The goal of this research is to study the relationship between overexpression of SCD1 and the expression of induced endothelial cells in BM-MSCs in vitro. Methods The gene SCD1 was integrated into a lentiviral vector, and then 293 T cells were transfected by the connected product to produce a packaged virus. BM-MSCs were infected by the packaged virus. Cell culture and endothelial induction were performed. Fluorescent quantitative PCR of CD31, vWF and VE-cad was performed after 1 week and 2 weeks to test the growth of induced endothelial cells. Results The mRNA amount of CD31, vWF and VE-cad of the SCD1 overexpressed group was statistically higher than that of the empty vector (EV) group and that of the normal group after 1 week and 2 weeks, respectively (p < 0.05). Immunocytochemical staining of CD31 or vWF was detected by visualizing red color. Conclusions This study suggested that overexpression of SCD1 in BM-MSCs could increase the expression of induced endothelial cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100, Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Jin J, Machado E, Yu H, Zhang X, Lu Z, Li Y, Lopes-Virella M, Kirkwood K, Huang Y. Simvastatin inhibits LPS-induced alveolar bone loss during metabolic syndrome. J Dent Res 2014; 93:294-9. [PMID: 24352501 PMCID: PMC3929976 DOI: 10.1177/0022034513516980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in recent years have shown a positive relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and periodontal disease (PD). Given that patients with MS take statins to reduce cholesterol, and statins also have anti-inflammatory effects, it is important to determine if statin intake hinders the progression of MS-associated PD. In this study, PD was induced in Zucker fat rats (ZFRs), an animal model for MS, and in control lean rats by periodontal injection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while simvastatin was given to some of the rats via gavage. After 4 wk of treatment, alveolar bone loss was determined by micro-computed tomography. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we determined the effect of simvastatin on tissue inflammation and the expression of molecules involved in osteoclastogenesis. Results showed that while bone loss was increased by LPS in both ZFRs and the control lean rats, it was significantly more in the former than the latter. Simvastatin effectively alleviated bone loss in both ZFRs and the control rats. Results also showed that LPS stimulated leukocyte tissue infiltration and expression of molecules for osteoclastogenesis, but simvastatin significantly modulated the stimulation. This study demonstrated that simvastatin inhibited LPS-induced alveolar bone loss and periodontal tissue inflammation in rats with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Jin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - E.R. Machado
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - H. Yu
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Z. Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y. Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - M.F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - K.L. Kirkwood
- Department of Craniofacial Biology and Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Y. Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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López-Domínguez JA, Khraiwesh H, González-Reyes JA, López-Lluch G, Navas P, Ramsey JJ, de Cabo R, Burón MI, Villalba JM. Dietary fat modifies mitochondrial and plasma membrane apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle of calorie-restricted mice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2027-2044. [PMID: 23179253 PMCID: PMC3824980 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9492-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Calorie restriction decreases skeletal muscle apoptosis, and this phenomenon has been mechanistically linked to its protective action against sarcopenia of aging. Alterations in lipid composition of membranes have been related with the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. However, no study has been designed to date to elucidate if different dietary fat sources with calorie restriction modify apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle. We show that a 6-month calorie restriction decreased the activity of the plasma membrane neutral sphingomyelinase, although caspase-8/10 activity was not altered, in young adult mice. Lipid hydroperoxides, Bax levels, and cytochrome c and AIF release/accumulation into the cytosol were also decreased, although caspase-9 activity was unchanged. No alterations in caspase-3 and apoptotic index (DNA fragmentation) were observed, but calorie restriction improved structural features of gastrocnemius fibers by increasing cross-sectional area and decreasing circularity of fibers in cross sections. Changing dietary fat with calorie restriction produced substantial alterations of apoptotic signaling. Fish oil augmented the protective effect of calorie restriction decreasing plasma membrane neutral sphingomyelinase, Bax levels, caspase-8/10, and -9 activities, while increasing levels of the antioxidant coenzyme Q at the plasma membrane, and potentiating the increase of cross-sectional area and the decrease of fiber circularity in cross sections. Many of these changes were not found when we used lard. Our data support that dietary fish oil with calorie restriction produces a cellular anti-apoptotic environment in skeletal muscle with a downregulation of components involved in the initial stages of apoptosis engagement, both at the plasma membrane and the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alberto López-Domínguez
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Campus Rabanales Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
| | - Husam Khraiwesh
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Campus Rabanales Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Reyes
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Campus Rabanales Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- />Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, and CIBERER (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- />Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC, and CIBERER (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jon Jay Ramsey
- />VM Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- />Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, NIH USA
| | - María Isabel Burón
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Campus Rabanales Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
| | - José M. Villalba
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Campus Rabanales Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
- />Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Agroalimentario ceiA3, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus Rabanales, Córdoba, 14014 Spain
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Raval FM, Nikolajczyk BS. The Bidirectional Relationship between Metabolism and Immune Responses. Discoveries (Craiova) 2013; 1:e6. [PMID: 26366435 PMCID: PMC4563811 DOI: 10.15190/d.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism investigates the multiple links between the immune system and metabolism. One main focus of immunometabolism investigates how obesity impacts the immune system and pro-inflammatory immune cell function, leading to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). The second focus stresses the metabolic changes that dictate immune cell activation. Several groups have studied these two arms of the field individually, but work that integrates both topics will be required to develop an accurate understanding of how immune cells and metabolic pathways collaborate in obesity and obesity-associated T2D. Investigations of the relationships among obesity-induced changes in the nutritional environment, immune cell activation, and immune cell metabolism may lead to novel and efficacious therapies for obesity-associated disorders such as insulin resistance (IR) and T2D. This review outlines recent insights into two related processes: 1. the role that energy utilization plays in immune responses and 2. the immune cell functions that drive obesity and T2D. Herein, we begin to consider how shifts in available fuel sources in obesity and T2D impact the immune response to both pathogens and chronic over nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forum M Raval
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Boston, MA, USA
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89
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Lipina C, Macrae K, Suhm T, Weigert C, Blachnio-Zabielska A, Baranowski M, Gorski J, Burgess K, Hundal HS. Mitochondrial substrate availability and its role in lipid-induced insulin resistance and proinflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2013; 62:3426-36. [PMID: 23733201 PMCID: PMC3781443 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between glucose and lipid metabolism has been of significant interest in understanding the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance. To gain insight into this metabolic paradigm, we explored the potential interplay between cellular glucose flux and lipid-induced metabolic dysfunction within skeletal muscle. Here, we show that palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance and proinflammation in muscle cells, which is associated with reduced mitochondrial integrity and oxidative capacity, can be attenuated under conditions of glucose withdrawal or glycolytic inhibition using 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Importantly, these glucopenic-driven improvements coincide with the preservation of mitochondrial function and are dependent on PA oxidation, which becomes markedly enhanced in the absence of glucose. Intriguingly, despite its ability to upregulate mitochondrial PA oxidation, glucose withdrawal did not attenuate PA-induced increases in total intramyocellular diacylglycerol and ceramide. Furthermore, consistent with our findings in cultured muscle cells, we also report enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced proinflammatory tone in soleus muscle from obese Zucker rats fed a 2DG-supplemented diet. Notably, this improved metabolic status after 2DG dietary intervention is associated with markedly reduced plasma free fatty acids. Collectively, our data highlight the key role that mitochondrial substrate availability plays in lipid-induced metabolic dysregulation both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lipina
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Katherine Macrae
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
| | - Tamara Suhm
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology, Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (Paul Langerhans Institute Tübingen), Member of the German Centre for Diabetes Research
| | | | - Marcin Baranowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Gorski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karl Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics Metabolomics Facility, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Harinder S. Hundal
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Sir James Black Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, U.K
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90
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Ross JS, Hu W, Rosen B, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Cowart LA. Sphingosine kinase 1 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in response to free fatty acids and is essential for skeletal muscle interleukin-6 production and signaling in diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22193-206. [PMID: 23766515 PMCID: PMC3829312 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) expression and activity are up-regulated by exogenous palmitate (PAL) in a skeletal muscle model system and in diet-induced obesity in mice; however, potential functions and in vivo relevance of this have not been addressed. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism by which PAL regulates SphK1 in muscle, and to determine potential roles for its product, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), in muscle biology in the context of obesity. Cloning and analysis of the mouse Sphk1 promoter revealed a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α cis-element that mediated activation of a reporter under control of the Sphk1 promoter; direct interaction of PPARα was demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. PAL treatment induced the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 in a manner dependent on SphK1, and this was attenuated by inhibition of the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3). Diet-induced obesity in mice demonstrated that IL-6 expression in muscle, but not adipose tissue, increased in obesity, but this was attenuated in Sphk1(-/-) mice. Moreover, plasma IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in obese Sphk1(-/-) mice relative to obese wild type mice, and muscle, but not adipose tissue IL-6 signaling was activated. These data indicate that PPARα regulates Sphk1 expression in the context of fatty acid oversupply and links PAL to muscle IL-6 production. Moreover, this function of SphK1 in diet-induced obesity suggests a potential role for SphK1 in obesity-associated pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S. Ross
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, and
| | - Wei Hu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Bess Rosen
- the Boston University School of Medicine, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Ashley J. Snider
- Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
- the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
| | - Lina M. Obeid
- the Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11790
- the Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northpoint, New York 11768, and
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina 29401
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91
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Zong G, Zhu J, Sun L, Ye X, Lu L, Jin Q, Zheng H, Yu Z, Zhu Z, Li H, Sun Q, Lin X. Associations of erythrocyte fatty acids in the de novo lipogenesis pathway with risk of metabolic syndrome in a cohort study of middle-aged and older Chinese. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 98:319-26. [PMID: 23803879 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental studies suggest that elevated de novo lipogenesis (DNL) might be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Few prospective studies have been conducted, especially among populations with a high carbohydrate intake, to determine whether DNL fatty acids are associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate associations of erythrocyte fatty acids in the DNL pathway-including myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), hexadecenoic acid (16:1n-9), stearic acid (18:0), vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), and oleic acid (18:1n-9)-with the risk of MetS in a Chinese population with an average carbohydrate intake of >60% of energy. DESIGN A total of 1176 free-living Chinese men and women aged 50-70 y from Beijing and Shanghai were included in our analysis, giving rise to 412 incident MetS cases during 6 y of follow-up. Erythrocyte fatty acids and metabolic traits were measured in these participants. RESULTS Erythrocyte fatty acids in the DNL pathway were correlated with a high ratio of carbohydrate-to-fat intake, less favorable lipid profiles, and elevated liver enzymes at baseline. In comparison with the lowest quartile, RRs (95% CIs) of MetS in the highest quartile were 1.30 (1.04, 1.62; P-trend = 0.007) for 16:1n-7, 1.48 (1.17, 1.86; P-trend < 0.001) for 16:1n-9, 1.26 (1.01, 1.56; P-trend = 0.06) for 18:1n-7, and 1.51 (1.19, 1.92; P-trend < 0.001) for 18:1n-9 after multivariate adjustment for lifestyle factors and body mass index. Moreover, 16:0 and 16:1n-7 were associated with an elevated risk of diabetes. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that fatty acids in the DNL pathway are independently associated with an elevated risk of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Zong
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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92
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Kageyama A, Matsui H, Ohta M, Sambuichi K, Kawano H, Notsu T, Imada K, Yokoyama T, Kurabayashi M. Palmitic acid induces osteoblastic differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells through ACSL3 and NF-κB, novel targets of eicosapentaenoic acid. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68197. [PMID: 23840832 PMCID: PMC3695932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs), elevated in metabolic syndrome and diabetes, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) counteracts many aspects of FFA-induced vascular pathology. Although vascular calcification is invariably associated with atherosclerosis, the mechanisms involved are not completely elucidated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that EPA prevents the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) induced by palmitic acid (PA), the most abundant long-chain saturated fatty acid in plasma. PA increased and EPA abolished the expression of the genes for bone-related proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, Msx2 and osteopontin in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC). Among the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) subfamily, ACSL3 expression was predominant in HASMC, and PA robustly increased and EPA efficiently inhibited ACSL3 expression. Importantly, PA-induced osteoblastic differentiation was mediated, at least in part, by ACSL3 activation because acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) inhibitor or siRNA targeted to ACSL3 completely prevented the PA induction of both BMP-2 and Msx2. Conversely, adenovirus-mediated ACSL3 overexpression enhanced PA-induced BMP-2 and Msx2 expression. In addition, EPA, ACSL3 siRNA and ACS inhibitor attenuated calcium deposition and caspase activation induced by PA. Notably, PA induced activation of NF-κB, and NF-κB inhibitor prevented PA-induction of osteoblastic gene expression and calcium deposition. Immunohistochemistry revealed the prominent expression of ACSL3 in VSMC and macrophages in human non-calcifying and calcifying atherosclerotic plaques from the carotid arteries. These results identify ACSL3 and NF-κB as mediators of PA-induced osteoblastic differentiation and calcium deposition in VSMC and suggest that EPA prevents vascular calcification by inhibiting such a new molecular pathway elicited by PA.
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MESH Headings
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Caspases/genetics
- Caspases/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Coenzyme A Ligases/genetics
- Coenzyme A Ligases/metabolism
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/genetics
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/metabolism
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- Osteopontin/genetics
- Osteopontin/metabolism
- Palmitic Acid/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Kageyama
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohta
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sambuichi
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawano
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatsuto Notsu
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Imada
- Development Research, Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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93
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Simon MC, Bilan S, Nowotny B, Dickhaus T, Burkart V, Schloot NC. Fatty acids modulate cytokine and chemokine secretion of stimulated human whole blood cultures in diabetes. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 172:383-93. [PMID: 23600826 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids, uric acid and glucose are thought to contribute to subclinical inflammation associated with diabetes mellitus. We tested whether co-incubation of free fatty acids and uric acid or glucose influences the secretion of immune mediators from stimulated human whole blood in vitro. Fresh whole blood samples from 20 healthy subjects, 20 patients with type 1 diabetes and 23 patients with type 2 diabetes were incubated for 24 h with palmitic acid (PAL), linolenic acid (LIN) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone or together with elevated concentrations of uric acid or glucose. Concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12(p70), IL-18, IFN-γ, of regulatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were measured by multiplex-bead technology from supernatants. Co-incubation of fatty acids with uric acid resulted in a significant reduction of IL-10, IL-12(p70), IFN-γ and CCL2 (MCP-1) concentrations in supernatants compared to incubation with uric acid alone (P < 0·0001). In contrast, IL-18 was up-regulated upon co-stimulation with fatty acids and uric acid. Similarly, co-incubation of fatty acids with glucose diminished secretion of IL-10, IFN-γ and CCL2 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), while IL-8 was up-regulated (P < 0·001). Samples from healthy and diabetic subjects did not differ after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index and diabetes type. All three fatty acids similarly influenced whole blood cytokine release in vitro and modulated uric acid or glucose-stimulated cytokine secretion. Although the ω-3-fatty acid EPA showed slightly stronger effects, further studies are required to elaborate the differential effects of PAL, LIN and EPA on disease risk observed previously in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Simon
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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94
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Tishinsky JM, De Boer AA, Dyck DJ, Robinson LE. Modulation of visceral fat adipokine secretion by dietary fatty acids and ensuing changes in skeletal muscle inflammation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 39:28-37. [PMID: 24383504 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Given the link between obesity and insulin resistance, the role of adipose-derived factors in communicating with skeletal muscle to affect its function is important. We sought to determine if high fat diets modulate visceral adipose tissue (VAT) adipokines with subsequent effects on skeletal muscle inflammation and insulin sensitivity. Rats were fed (i) low fat (LF), (ii) high saturated fatty acid (SFA), or (iii) high SFA with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (SFA/n-3 PUFA) diets for 4 weeks. VAT-derived adipokines were measured in adipose conditioned medium (ACM) after 72 h. Next, skeletal muscles from LF-fed rats were incubated for 8 h in (i) control buffer (CON), (ii) CON with 2 mmol·L(-1) palmitate (PALM, positive control), (iii) ACM from LF, (iv) ACM from SFA, or (v) ACM from SFA/n-3 PUFA. ACM from rats fed SFA and SFA/n-3 PUFA had increased (P ≤ 0.05) interleukin-6 (IL-6) (+31%) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (+30%). Adiponectin was decreased (-29%, P ≤ 0.05) in ACM from SFA, and this was prevented in SFA/n-3 PUFA ACM. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene expression was increased (P ≤ 0.05) in PALM soleus muscle (+356%) and all ACM groups (+175%-191%). MCP-1 gene expression was elevated (P ≤ 0.05) in PALM soleus muscle (+163%) and soleus muscle incubated in ACM from animals fed SFA (+159%) and SFA/n-3 PUFA (+151%). Glucose transport was impaired (P ≤ 0.05) in PALM muscles but preserved in ACM groups. Acute exposure of muscle to fatty acid modulated adipokines affects skeletal muscle inflammatory gene expression but not insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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95
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Green CJ, Bunprajun T, Pedersen BK, Scheele C. Physical activity is associated with retained muscle metabolism in human myotubes challenged with palmitate. J Physiol 2013; 591:4621-35. [PMID: 23774280 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.251421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether physical activity is associated with preserved muscle metabolism in human myotubes challenged with saturated fatty acids. Human muscle satellite cells were isolated from sedentary or active individuals and differentiated into myocytes in culture. Metabolic differences were then investigated in the basal state or after chronic palmitate treatment. At basal, myocytes from sedentary individuals exhibited higher CD36 and HSP70 protein expression as well as elevated phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) serine(307) compared to myocytes from active individuals. Despite equal lipid accumulation following palmitate treatment, myocytes from sedentary individuals exhibited delayed acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase phosphorylation compared to the active group. Myocytes from sedentary individuals had significantly higher basal glucose uptake and palmitate promoted insulin resistance in sedentary myocytes. Importantly, myocytes from active individuals were partially protected from palmitate-induced insulin resistance. Palmitate treatment enhanced IRS1 serine307 phosphorylation in myocytes from sedentary individuals and correlated positively to JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, muscle satellite cells retain metabolic differences associated with physical activity. Physical activity partially protects myocytes from fatty acid-induced insulin resistance and inactivity is associated with dysregulation of metabolism in satellite cells challenged with palmitate. Although the benefits of physical activity on whole body physiology have been well investigated, this paper presents novel findings that both diet and exercise impact satellite cells directly. Given the fact that satellite cells are important for muscle maintenance, a dysregulated function could have profound effects on health. Therefore the effects of lifestyle on satellite cells needs to be delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Green
- C. J. Green: Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet - Section 7641, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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96
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Kim H, Zhang H, Meng D, Russell G, Lee JN, Ye J. UAS domain of Ubxd8 and FAF1 polymerizes upon interaction with long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2144-2152. [PMID: 23720822 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m037218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubxd8, a multidomain protein sensor for long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), plays a crucial role to maintain cellular homeostasis of FAs. Ubxd8 polymerizes upon interaction with long-chain unsaturated FAs, but the molecular mechanism involved in this polymerization remains unclear. Here we report that the UAS domain of Ubxd8 mediates this polymerization. We show that a positively charged surface area in the domain is required for the reaction. Mutations changing the positively charged residues in this area to glutamates prevented long-chain unsaturated FAs from inducing oligomerization of Ubxd8. Consequently, the mutant protein no longer responded to regulation by long-chain unsaturated FAs in cultured cells. Long-chain unsaturated FAs also induced polymerization of Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1), the only other mammalian protein that contains a UAS domain homologous to that of Ubxd8. These results provide further insights into protein-FA interactions by identifying the UAS domain as a motif interacting with long-chain unsaturated FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Kim
- Departments of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Hong Zhang
- Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - David Meng
- Departments of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Geoffrey Russell
- Departments of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Joon No Lee
- Departments of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jin Ye
- Departments of Molecular Genetics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390.
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97
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The relationship between dietary fatty acids and inflammatory genes on the obese phenotype and serum lipids. Nutrients 2013; 5:1672-705. [PMID: 23698162 PMCID: PMC3708344 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition is associated with the development of many comorbidities including dyslipidemia. This review examines interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the inflammatory genes tumor necrosis alpha (TNFA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and dietary fatty acids, and their relationship with obesity and serum lipid levels. In summary, dietary fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids and the omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, impact the expression of the cytokine genes TNFA and IL-6, and alter TNFα and IL-6 production. In addition, sequence variants in these genes have also been shown to alter their gene expression and plasma levels, and are associated with obesity, measures of adiposity and serum lipid concentrations. When interactions between dietary fatty acids and TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid were analyzed, both the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids modulated the relationship between TNFA and IL-6 SNPs on obesity and serum lipid profiles, thereby impacting the association between phenotype and genotype. Researching these diet–gene interactions more extensively, and understanding the role of ethnicity as a confounder in these relationships, may contribute to a better understanding of the inter-individual variability in the obese phenotype.
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98
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Najbjerg H, Young JF, Bertram HC, Afseth NK, Høst V, Kohler A. High-throughput FTIR spectroscopy of intact HepG2 cells reveals additive and non-additive effects of individual fatty acids when given as mixtures. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:446-456. [PMID: 22907744 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the ability of high-throughput FTIR spectroscopy in combination with multivariate data analysis to reveal if any combinatory effects of fatty acids in mixture are present in liver HepG2 cell cultures after three days of exposure. For this investigation we used an experimental mixture design containing three different octadecenoic acids (oleic acid: C18:1 cis- 9, elaidic acid: C18:1 trans- 9 and vaccenic acid: C18:1 trans- 11) of a total concentration of 100 μM. The results obtained revealed both additive and non-additive effects of individual fatty acids when combined in mixtures. Furthermore, we demonstrate by use of scanning electron microscopy that cells are preserved as intact structures ensuring that FTIR measurements are obtained on whole cell keeping cell compounds in their natural surroundings during measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Najbjerg
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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99
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Neukamm SS, Ott J, Dammeier S, Lehmann R, Häring HU, Schleicher E, Weigert C. Phosphorylation of serine 1137/1138 of mouse insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 2 regulates cAMP-dependent binding to 14-3-3 proteins and IRS2 protein degradation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16403-16415. [PMID: 23615913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.474593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 2 as intermediate docking platform transduces the insulin/IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor 1) signal to intracellular effector molecules that regulate glucose homeostasis, β-cell growth, and survival. Previously, IRS2 has been identified as a 14-3-3 interaction protein. 14-3-3 proteins can bind their target proteins via phosphorylated serine/threonine residues located within distinct motifs. In this study the binding of 14-3-3 to IRS2 upon stimulation with forskolin or the cAMP analog 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP was demonstrated in HEK293 cells. Binding was reduced with PKA inhibitors H89 or Rp-8-Br-cAMPS. Phosphorylation of IRS2 on PKA consensus motifs was induced by forskolin and the PKA activator N(6)-Phe-cAMP and prevented by both PKA inhibitors. The amino acid region after position 952 on IRS2 was identified as the 14-3-3 binding region by GST-14-3-3 pulldown assays. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed serine 1137 and serine 1138 as cAMP-dependent, potential PKA phosphorylation sites. Mutation of serine 1137/1138 to alanine strongly reduced the cAMP-dependent 14-3-3 binding. Application of cycloheximide revealed that forskolin enhanced IRS2 protein stability in HEK293 cells stably expressing IRS2 as well as in primary hepatocytes. Stimulation with forskolin did not increase protein stability either in the presence of a 14-3-3 antagonist or in the double 1137/1138 alanine mutant. Thus the reduced IRS2 protein degradation was dependent on the interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and the presence of serine 1137/1138. We present serine 1137/1138 as novel cAMP-dependent phosphorylation sites on IRS2 and show their importance in 14-3-3 binding and IRS2 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine S Neukamm
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tuebingen), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jennifer Ott
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophtalmic Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Sascha Dammeier
- Medical Proteome Center, Institute for Ophtalmic Research, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Rainer Lehmann
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tuebingen), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tuebingen), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Vascular Medicine, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tuebingen), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Tuebingen 72076, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tuebingen (Paul Langerhans Institute Tuebingen), Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
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Li J, Hoene M, Zhao X, Chen S, Wei H, Häring HU, Lin X, Zeng Z, Weigert C, Lehmann R, Xu G. Stable isotope-assisted lipidomics combined with nontargeted isotopomer filtering, a tool to unravel the complex dynamics of lipid metabolism. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4651-7. [PMID: 23537127 DOI: 10.1021/ac400293y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Investigations of complex metabolic mechanisms and networks have become a focus of research in the postgenomic area, thereby creating an increasing demand for sophisticated analytical approaches. One such tool is lipidomics analysis that provides, a detailed picture of the lipid composition of a system at a given time. Introducing stable isotopes into the studied system can additionally provide information on the synthesis, transformation and degradation of individual lipid species. However, capturing the entire dynamics of lipid networks is still a challenge. We developed and evaluated a novel strategy for the in-depth analysis of the dynamics of lipid metabolism with the capacity for high molecular specificity and network coverage. The general workflow consists of stable isotope-labeling experiments, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)/high-resolution Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (MS) lipid profiling and data processing by a software tool for global isotopomer filtering and matching. As a proof of concept, this approach was applied to the network-wide mapping of dynamic lipid metabolism in primary human skeletal muscle cells cultured for 4, 12, and 24 h with [U-(13)C]-palmitate. In the myocellular lipid extracts, 692 isotopomers were detected that could be assigned to 203 labeled lipid species spanning 12 lipid (sub)classes. Interestingly, some lipid classes showed high turnover rates but stable total amounts while the amount of others increased in the course of palmitate treatment. The novel strategy presented here has the potential to open new detailed insights into the dynamics of lipid metabolism that may lead to a better understanding of physiological mechanisms and metabolic perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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