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Hertadi R, Amari MMS, Ratnaningsih E. Enhancement of antioxidant activity of levan through the formation of nanoparticle systems with metal ions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04111. [PMID: 32577552 PMCID: PMC7304000 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Levan, a natural polymer, is widely used in biomedical applications, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor. The present study aimed to enhance the antioxidant activity of levan by combining it with various metal ions in the nanoparticle (NP) system. Levansucrase encoding gene from Bacillus licheniformis BK1 has been inserted into an expression vector and the obtained recombinant was labeled as Lsbl-bk1 (accession number MF774877.1). That enzyme was used for in vitro levan synthesis in 12% (w/v) sucrose as a substrate and about 4.28 mg/mL of levan was obtained. Levan-based metal ion NPs were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. In the production of NPs, levan acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Four types of levan-based metal ion NPs were synthesized, namely, levan–Fe2+ NPs, levan–Cu+ NPs, levan–Co2+ NPs, and levan–Zn2+ NPs. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique was applied to visualize the size and shape of the synthesized levan–metal NPs. All levan-based metal ion NPs have a particle size of less than 100 nm, and even levan–Cu+ and levan–Zn2+ have particle sizes less than 50 nm. Levan–Fe2+ NPs and levan–Cu+ NPs exhibited prominent antioxidant activity with an inhibition level of up to 88% and 95%, respectively. And the inhibition level of two metal ion NPs had about 33%–40% higher antioxidant activity compared with the inhibition level of levan only. The two levan–metal ion NPs, therefore, have future prospects to be developed as the new formulation for the antioxidant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukman Hertadi
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Enny Ratnaningsih
- Biochemistry Research Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia
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Structure and in vitro Bioactivity against Cancer Cells of the Capsular Polysaccharide from the Marine Bacterium Psychrobacter marincola. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18050268. [PMID: 32438723 PMCID: PMC7281560 DOI: 10.3390/md18050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychrobacter marincola KMM 277T is a psychrophilic Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the internal tissues of an ascidian Polysyncraton sp. Here, we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. marincola KMM 277T and its effect on the viability and colony formation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. The polymer was purified by several separation methods, including ultracentrifugation and chromatographic procedures, and the structure was elucidated by means of chemical analysis, 1-D, and 2-D NMR spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the polysaccharide consists of branched hexasaccharide repeating units containing two 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-galacturonic acids, and one of each of 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-glucose, d-ribose, and 7-N-acetylamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-5-N-[(R)-2-hydroxypropanoylamino]- l-glycero-l-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first finding a pseudaminic acid decorated with lactic acid residue in polysaccharides. The biological analysis showed that the capsular polysaccharide significantly reduced the viability and colony formation of HL-60 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the capsular polysaccharide from P. marincola KMM 277T is a promising substance for the study of its antitumor properties and the mechanism of action in the future.
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Thermal properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by a marine thermotolerant Bacillus licheniformis by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 145:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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López-Ortega MA, Rodríguez-Hernández AI, Camacho-Ruíz RM, Córdova J, López-Cuellar MDR, Chavarría-Hernández N, González-García Y. Physicochemical characterization and emulsifying properties of a novel exopolysaccharide produced by haloarchaeon Haloferax mucosum. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 142:152-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Mamo G, Mattiasson B. Alkaliphiles: The Versatile Tools in Biotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 172:1-51. [PMID: 32342125 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extreme environments within the biosphere are inhabited by organisms known as extremophiles. Lately, these organisms are attracting a great deal of interest from researchers and industrialists. The motive behind this attraction is mainly related to the desire for new and efficient products of biotechnological importance and human curiosity of understanding nature. Organisms living in common "human-friendly" environments have served humanity for a very long time, and this has led to exhaustion of the low-hanging "fruits," a phenomenon witnessed by the diminishing rate of new discoveries. For example, acquiring novel products such as drugs from the traditional sources has become difficult and expensive. Such challenges together with the basic research interest have brought the exploration of previously neglected or unknown groups of organisms. Extremophiles are among these groups which have been brought to focus and garnering a growing importance in biotechnology. In the last few decades, numerous extremophiles and their products have got their ways into industrial, agricultural, environmental, pharmaceutical, and other biotechnological applications.Alkaliphiles, organisms which thrive optimally at or above pH 9, are one of the most important classes of extremophiles. To flourish in their extreme habitats, alkaliphiles evolved impressive structural and functional adaptations. The high pH adaptation gave unique biocatalysts that are operationally stable at elevated pH and several other novel products with immense biotechnological application potential. Advances in the cultivation techniques, success in gene cloning and expression, metabolic engineering, metagenomics, and other related techniques are significantly contributing to expand the application horizon of these remarkable organisms of the 'bizarre' world. Studies have shown the enormous potential of alkaliphiles in numerous biotechnological applications. Although it seems just the beginning, some fantastic strides are already made in tapping this potential. This work tries to review some of the prominent applications of alkaliphiles by focusing such as on their enzymes, metabolites, exopolysaccharides, and biosurfactants. Moreover, the chapter strives to assesses the whole-cell applications of alkaliphiles including in biomining, food and feed supplementation, bioconstruction, microbial fuel cell, biofuel production, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Mattiasson
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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56
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Huan R, Huang J, Liu D, Wang M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Yi C, Xiao D, He H. Genome Sequencing of Mesonia algae K4-1 Reveals Its Adaptation to the Arctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2812. [PMID: 31866978 PMCID: PMC6905171 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The special ecological environment of the Arctic has brought about a large number of salt-tolerant and psychrotolerant microorganisms. We isolated two culturable bacterial strains of the genus Mesonia; one from the Arctic ocean, Mesonia algae K4-1, and one from the tropical sea, Mesonia sp. HuA40. Our genome analysis and phenotypic experiments indicated that Mesonia algae K4-1 is a moderately halophilic and psychrophilic bacterium. Mesonia algae K4-1 can tolerate 3–14% NaCl and grow at a wide range of temperatures from 4 to 50°C. Mesonia sp. HuA40 is a mesophilic bacterium that can only grow with 3–9% NaCl. In addition, the salt adaptation strategy of Mesonia algae K4-1 accumulates organic osmolytes in the cell. RNA helicases, glutathione and organic compatible solutes may play important roles in maintaining the metabolism and physiological function of Mesonia algae K4-1 under cold stress. Moreover, the ability of Mesonia algae K4-1 to adapt to an oligotrophic marine environment is likely due to the synthesis of a large number of extracellular polysaccharides and the secretion of various families of extracellular proteases. This study systematically analyzed the relationship between genomic differentiation and environmental factors of the Mesonia genus and revealed the possible adaptation mechanism of Mesonia algae K4-1 in the extreme Arctic marine environment at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huan
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - JiaFeng Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - CongLing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - YunQian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - CuiPing Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - HaiLun He
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Adimoolam SR, Nanjan Easwaran S, Subramanian Mohanakrishnan A, Mahadevan S. Metabolic heat coherent growth of Halomonas variabilis (HV) for enhanced production of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in a Bio Reaction Calorimeter (BioRC). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 50:56-65. [PMID: 31648576 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1663532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimum condition at which the halophilic salt-tolerant bacterium Halomonas variabilis (MTCC 3712) produces the maximum amount of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was investigated experimentally using response surface methodology based on the central composite design (CCD). Hyper-saline medium containing 1.5% w/v NaCl enriched nutrient medium with 1.5% glucose as a carbon source was used to produce about 4.74 g/L of EPS in 16 h compared to various other EPS production of this kind. The metabolic heat profile confirms net EPS production by HV was a growth-associated aerobic process. There is a good agreement between metabolic heat and Oxygen Uptake Rate (OUR). The maximum observed heat release was 2.1 W. The total protein content of the sample is 53% of the total EPS (Soluble EPS, Loosely bound EPS, and tightly bound EPS). The emulsifying and flocculating activities of the EPS were measured to explore the possibility of using the biopolymer for effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana Raj Adimoolam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vel Tech High Tech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, India
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58
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Joulak I, Finore I, Nicolaus B, Leone L, Moriello AS, Attia H, Poli A, Azabou S. Evaluation of the production of exopolysaccharides by newly isolated Halomonas strains from Tunisian hypersaline environments. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:658-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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59
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Purification, characterization and functional properties of exopolysaccharide from a novel halophilic Natronotalea sambharensis sp. nov. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:547-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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60
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Guesmi S, Chouchane H, Neifar M, Hosni F, Cherif A, Sghaier H. Radiation-inducible radioprotective exopolysaccharides of Bacillus siamensis CV5 from irradiated roots of Cistanche violacea to decrease free radical damage produced by ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1552-1563. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1649501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Guesmi
- National Agronomy Institute (INAT), Avenue Charles Nicolle, Mahrajène, Tunisia
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Habib Chouchane
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neifar
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Hosni
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Haïtham Sghaier
- Laboratory “Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences” (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Ariana, Tunisia
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61
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Oves M, Rauf MA, Hussain A, Qari HA, Khan AAP, Muhammad P, Rehman MT, Alajmi MF, Ismail IIM. Antibacterial Silver Nanomaterial Synthesis From Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens and Targeting Biofilm Formation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:801. [PMID: 31427961 PMCID: PMC6688106 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the significance of biological and eco-friendly nanomaterials, in the present study, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles from the exopolysaccharide of recently recovered bacterial strain CEES51 from the Red Sea coastal area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the isolated bacteria, and it was identified as Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens and assigned an accession number MH707257.1 GenBank. The bacterial strain is an excellent exopolysaccharide producer and survived at hypersaline (30%) and high-temperature (50°C) conditions. The bacterial exopolysaccharides were employed for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles at room temperature. UV-visible spectrophotometer optimized the synthesized nanoparticles, and their size was determined by Nanophox particle size analyzer and dynamic light scattering. Additionally, the X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy studies also approved its crystalline nature and the involvement of organic functional groups in their formation. The synthesized nanomaterials were tested for their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against pathogenic microorganisms Bacillus subtilis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial property showed time, and dose-dependent response with a maximum of zone inhibition was observed at around 22 and 18 mm at a dose of 50 µg/well against B. subtilis and S. aureus and a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 and 10 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the synthesized silver nanoparticles possessed a substantial antibiofilm property and were also found to be biocompatible as depicted by red blood cell lysis assay and their interaction with peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Therefore, Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens is found to be an excellent source for exopolysaccharide synthesis that assists in the silver nanoparticle production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Oves
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Ahmar Rauf
- International Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Phamocognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Qari
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biological Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pir Muhammad
- International Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Phamocognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Fahad Alajmi
- Department of Phamocognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal I M Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Khalikova E, Somersalo S, Korpela T. Metabolites Produced by Alkaliphiles with Potential Biotechnological Applications. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 172:157-193. [PMID: 31240347 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphiles are a diverse group of relatively less known microorganisms living in alkaline environments. To thrive in alkaline environments, alkaliphiles require special adaptations. This adaptation may have evolved metabolites which can be useful for biotechnological processes or other applications. In fact, certain metabolites are found unique to alkaliphiles or are effectively produced by alkaliphiles. This probably aroused the interest in metabolites of alkaliphiles. During recent years, many alkaliphilic microbes have been isolated, especially in countries having alkaline environments, like soda lakes. Even if the number of such isolated alkaliphiles is large, their metabolites have not yet been extensively analyzed and exploited. This is expected to come in the years ahead. So far, the focus of interests in metabolites from alkaliphiles falls into categories such as organic acids, ingredients for foodstuffs and cosmetics, antibiotics, and substances which modify properties of other materials used in industry. This chapter deals with biotechnologically important metabolites of alkaliphiles including compatible solutes, biosurfactants, siderophores, carotenoids, exopolysaccharides, and antimicrobial agents. It also covers the promising potential of alkaliphiles as sources of bioplastic raw materials. Moreover, an overview of the patent literature related to alkaliphiles is highlighted. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Khalikova
- Joint Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Timo Korpela
- Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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63
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Govarthanan M, Kamala-Kannan S, Selvankumar T, Mythili R, Srinivasan P, Kim H. Effect of blue light on growth and exopolysaccharides production in phototrophic Rhodobacter sp. BT18 isolated from brackish water. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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64
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Oceans as a Source of Immunotherapy. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050282. [PMID: 31083446 PMCID: PMC6562586 DOI: 10.3390/md17050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine flora is taxonomically diverse, biologically active, and chemically unique. It is an excellent resource, which offers great opportunities for the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals such as immunomodulators and drugs targeting cancerous, inflammatory, microbial, and fungal diseases. The ability of some marine molecules to mediate specific inhibitory activities has been demonstrated in a range of cellular processes, including apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell migration and adhesion. Immunomodulators have been shown to have significant therapeutic effects on immune-mediated diseases, but the search for safe and effective immunotherapies for other diseases such as sinusitis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and allergies is ongoing. This review focuses on the marine-originated bioactive molecules with immunomodulatory potential, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms of specific agents with respect to their targets. It also addresses the commercial utilization of these compounds for possible drug improvement using metabolic engineering and genomics.
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Yaşar Yildiz S, Nikerel E, Toksoy Öner E. Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of a Microbial Cell Factory ( Brevibacillus thermoruber 423) with Multi-Industry Potentials for Exopolysaccharide Production. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:237-246. [PMID: 30932743 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brevibacillus thermoruber 423 is a thermophilic bacterium capable of producing high levels of exopolysaccharide (EPS) that has broad applications in nutrition, feed, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries, not to mention in health and bionanotechnology sectors. EPS is a natural, nontoxic, and biodegradable polymer of sugar residues and plays pivotal roles in cell-to-cell interactions, adhesion, biofilm formation, and protection of cell against environmental extremes. This bacterium is a thermophilic EPS producer while exceeding other thermophilic producers by virtue of high level of polymer synthesis. Recently, B. thermoruber 423 was noted for relevance to multiple industry sectors because of its capacity to use xylose, and produce EPS, isoprenoids, ethanol/butanol, lipases, proteases, cellulase, and glucoamylase enzymes as well as its resistance to arsenic. A key step in understanding EPS production with a systems-based approach is the knowledge of microbial genome sequence. To speed biotechnology and industrial applications, this study reports on a genome-scale metabolic model (GSMM) of B. thermoruber 423, constructed using the recently available high-quality genome sequence that we have subsequently validated using physiological data on batch growth and EPS production on seven different carbon sources. The model developed contains 1454 reactions (of which 1127 are assigned an enzyme commission number) and 1410 metabolites from 925 genes. This GSMM offers the promise to enable and accelerate further systems biology and industrial scale studies, not to mention the ability to calculate metabolic flux distribution in large networks and multiomic data integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yildiz
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emrah Nikerel
- 2 Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- 3 Department of Bioengineering, IBSB, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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66
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Sran KS, Sundharam SS, Krishnamurthi S, Roy Choudhury A. Production, characterization and bio-emulsifying activity of a novel thermostable exopolysaccharide produced by a marine strain of Rhodobacter johrii CDR-SL 7Cii. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:240-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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67
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Koutinas M, Vasquez MI, Nicolaou E, Pashali P, Kyriakou E, Loizou E, Papadaki A, Koutinas AA, Vyrides I. Biodegradation and toxicity of emerging contaminants: Isolation of an exopolysaccharide-producing Sphingomonas sp. for ionic liquids bioremediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:88-96. [PMID: 30412811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been characterized as contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) that often resist biodegradation and impose toxicity upon environmental release. Sphingomonas sp. MKIV has been isolated as an extreme microorganism capable for biodegradation of major classes of ILs. Six imidazolium-, pyridinium- and ammonium-based ILs (pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate [Py][CF3SO3], 1-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium chloride [1-4PPy][Cl], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide [BMIM][Br], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate [BMIM][MeSO4], tetrabutylammonium iodide [n-Bu4N][I] and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate [n-Bu4N][PF6]) were used for microbial growth. The strain achieved 91% and 87% removal efficiency for cultures supplemented with 100 mg L-1 of [BMIM][MeSO4] and [n-Bu4N][I] respectively. The metabolic activity of MKIV was inhibited following preliminary stages of cultures conducted using [BMIM][MeSO4], [BMIM][Br], [Py][CF3SO3] and [n-Bu4N][PF6], indicating potential accumulation of inhibitory metabolites. Thus, a comprehensive toxicological study of the six ILs on Aliivibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata was conducted demonstrating that the compounds impose moderate and low toxicity. The end-products from [BMIM][MeSO4] and [n-Bu4N][I] biodegradation were assessed using Aliivibrio fischeri, exhibiting increased environmental impact of the latter following biotreatment. MKIV produced 19.29 g L-1 of biopolymer, comprising mainly glucose and galacturonic acid, from 25 g L-1 of glucose indicating high industrial significance for bioremediation and exopolysaccharide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Koutinas
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Marlen I Vasquez
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Euthimia Nicolaou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Petros Pashali
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Kyriakou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Elena Loizou
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Aikaterini Papadaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolis A Koutinas
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Archbishop Kyprianou Str., 3036, Limassol, Cyprus
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Blanco Y, Rivas LA, González-Toril E, Ruiz-Bermejo M, Moreno-Paz M, Parro V, Palacín A, Aguilera Á, Puente-Sánchez F. Environmental parameters, and not phylogeny, determine the composition of extracellular polymeric substances in microbial mats from extreme environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:384-393. [PMID: 30199683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to establish biofilms is a key trait for microorganisms growing in extreme environments. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) present in biofilms provide not only surface attachment, but also protection against all kinds of environmental stressors, including desiccation, salinity, temperature or heavy metal pollution. The acquisition of suitable biofilm characteristics might thus be an important process mediating the adaptation of microorganisms to novel environmental conditions. In this work we have characterized the EPS of 20 phylogenetically diverse biofilms collected in situ from five contrasting extreme environments, including two geothermal areas (Copahue, Argentina; Seltun, Iceland), two cold areas (Pastoruri glacier, Peru; Byers Peninsula, Antarctica) and one extremely acidic river (Río Tinto, Spain). Biofilms were subjected to biochemical characterization, glycan profiling and immunoprofiling with an antibody microarray. Our results showed that environmental conditions strongly influence biofilm characteristics, with microorganisms from the same environment achieving similar EPS compositions regardless of the phylogeny of their main species. The concentration of some monosaccharides in the EPS could be related to environmental conditions such as temperature or heavy metal toxicity, suggesting that in some cases stress resistance can be mediated by specific sugars. Overall, our results highlight the existence of conserved EPS compositional patterns for each extreme environment, which could in turn be exploited to engineer ecological adaptations in genetically modified microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Blanco
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alfonso Rivas
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena González-Toril
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Bermejo
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Moreno-Paz
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Parro
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Palacín
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aguilera
- Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial, Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Systems Biology Program, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, C/Darwin n° 3, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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69
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Wang J, Goh KM, Salem DR, Sani RK. Genome analysis of a thermophilic exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium - Geobacillus sp. WSUCF1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1608. [PMID: 30733471 PMCID: PMC6367360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Geobacillus sp. WSUCF1 is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, aerobic and thermophilic bacterium, isolated from a soil sample obtained from a compost facility. Strain WSUCF1 demonstrated EPS producing capability using different sugars as the carbon source. The whole-genome analysis of WSUCF1 was performed to disclose the essential genes correlated with nucleotide sugar precursor biosynthesis, assembly of monosaccharide units, export of the polysaccharide chain, and regulation of EPS production. Both the biosynthesis pathway and export mechanism of EPS were proposed based on functional annotation. Additionally, the genome description of strain WSUCF1 suggests sophisticated systems for its adaptation under thermophilic conditions. The presence of genes associated with CRISPR-Cas system, quorum quenching lactonase, polyketide synthesis and arsenic resistance makes this strain a potential candidate for various applications in biotechnology and biomedicine. The present study indicates that strain WSUCF1 has promise as a thermophilic EPS producer for a broad range of industrial applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on genome analysis of a thermophilic Geobacillus species focusing on its EPS biosynthesis and transportation, which will likely pave the way for both enhanced yield and tailor-made EPS production by thermophilic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
- BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, 81300, Malaysia
| | - David R Salem
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
| | - Rajesh K Sani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
- Composite and Nanocomposite Advanced Manufacturing - Biomaterials Center (CNAM-Bio Center), Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
- BuG ReMeDEE Consortium, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, 57701, USA.
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70
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Extremophilic exopolysaccharides: A review and new perspectives on engineering strategies and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:8-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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71
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GlcNAc De- N-Acetylase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01879-18. [PMID: 30446550 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01879-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfolobus solfataricus is an aerobic crenarchaeal hyperthermophile with optimum growth at temperatures greater than 80°C and pH 2 to 4. Within the crenarchaeal group of Sulfolobales, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) has been shown to be a component of exopolysaccharides, forming their biofilms, and of the N-glycan decorating some proteins. The metabolism of GlcNAc is still poorly understood in Archaea, and one approach to gaining additional information is through the identification and functional characterization of carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) involved in the modification of GlcNAc. The screening of S. solfataricus extracts allowed the detection of a novel α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (α-GlcNAcase) activity, which has never been identified in Archaea Mass spectrometry analysis of the purified activity showed a protein encoded by the sso2901 gene. Interestingly, the purified recombinant enzyme, which was characterized in detail, revealed a novel de-N-acetylase activity specific for GlcNAc and derivatives. Thus, assays to identify an α-GlcNAcase found a GlcNAc de-N-acetylase instead. The α-GlcNAcase activity observed in S. solfataricus extracts did occur when SSO2901 was used in combination with an α-glucosidase. Furthermore, the inspection of the genomic context and the preliminary characterization of a putative glycosyltransferase immediately upstream of sso2901 (sso2900) suggest the involvement of these enzymes in the GlcNAc metabolism in S. solfataricus IMPORTANCE In this study, a preliminary screening of cellular extracts of S. solfataricus allowed the identification of an α-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. However, the characterization of the corresponding recombinant enzyme revealed a novel GlcNAc de-N-acetylase, which, in cooperation with the α-glucosidase, catalyzed the hydrolysis of O-α-GlcNAc glycosides. In addition, we show that the product of a gene flanking the one encoding the de-N-acetylase is a putative glycosyltransferase, suggesting the involvement of the two enzymes in the metabolism of GlcNAc. The discovery and functional analysis of novel enzymatic activities involved in the modification of this essential sugar represent a powerful strategy to shed light on the physiology and metabolism of Archaea.
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72
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Rusinova-Videva S, Kambourova M, Alipieva K, Nachkova S, Simova S. Metabolic profiling of Antarctic yeasts by proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based spectroscopy. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1490201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Snezhana Rusinova-Videva
- Department of Applied Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Margarita Kambourova
- Department of Applied Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kalina Alipieva
- Laboratory Chemistry of Natural Products, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefka Nachkova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Svetlana Simova
- Laboratory Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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73
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Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Reducing and/or Stabilizing Agents during Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles with Biomedical Applications. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/7045852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biomolecules secreted in the extracellular space and have diverse biological functionalities, such as environmental protection, surface adherence, and cellular interactions. EPSs have been found to be biocompatible and eco-friendly, therefore making them suitable for applications in many areas of study and various industrial products. Recently, synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles have been of interest because their usefulness for many biomedical applications, such as antimicrobials, anticancer drugs, antioxidants, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, contrast agents, and as catalysts. In this context, bacterial EPSs have been explored as agents to aid in a greener production of a myriad of metal nanoparticles, since they have the ability to reduce metal ions to form nanoparticles and stabilize them acting as capping agents. In addition, by incorporating EPS to the metal nanoparticles, the EPS confers them biocompatibility. Thus, the present review describes the main bacterial EPS utilized in the synthesis and stabilization of metal nanoparticles, the mechanisms involved in this process, and the different applications of these nanoparticles, emphasizing in their biomedical applications.
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74
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Pallach M, Marchetti R, Di Lorenzo F, Fabozzi A, Giraud E, Gully D, Paduano L, Molinaro A, D'Errico G, Silipo A. Zymomonas mobilis exopolysaccharide structure and role in high ethanol tolerance. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 201:293-299. [PMID: 30241821 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell surface exopolysaccharides (EPS) provide a protective barrier from the external milieu and participate in host-environment interactions. Zymomonas mobilis, an ethanologenic Gram negative bacterium, is used by the industry in bio-ethanol production process, due to its extraordinary resistance to a highly ethanolic environment. We found that Z. mobilis produces a mixture of two EPSs, an [α-(1→6)-D-Manp] mannose homopolymer and a galactose containing polysaccharide: [→2)-β-D-Galf-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→]n. A physico-chemical study, conducted with diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), allowed to demonstrate that, differently from the majority of polysaccharides, ethanol is a good solvent for the galactose containing EPS, revealing that its chemical structure is specifically connected with the Zymomonas mobilis high ethanol tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pallach
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberta Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Flaviana Di Lorenzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRA/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J - Campus de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR IRD/ SupAgro/INRA/ UM2 /CIRAD, TA-A82/J - Campus de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Luigi Paduano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gerardino D'Errico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Alba Silipo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'Angelo, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy.
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75
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Chatterjee S, Mukhopadhyay SK, Gauri SS, Dey S. Sphingobactan, a new α-mannan exopolysaccharide from Arctic Sphingobacterium sp. IITKGP-BTPF3 capable of biological response modification. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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76
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Marine Invertebrates: Underexplored Sources of Bacteria Producing Biologically Active Molecules. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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77
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Niknezhad SV, Morowvat MH, Najafpour Darzi G, Iraji A, Ghasemi Y. Exopolysaccharide from Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH isolated from nectarine fruit: production in submerged culture and preliminary physicochemical characterizations. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1735-1746. [PMID: 30483438 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide (EPS), as potential microbial base polysaccharide source, has plenty of applications due to its unique physicochemical structure. A Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH bacterium with the ability to produce a high amount of EPS was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and biochemical tests. The synthesis of EPS by Pantoea sp. BCCS 001 GH was 13.50 g/L in 48 h when sucrose was used as substrate. The proposed protocol was desirably rapid for massive prodcution of EPS and showed the remarkable impact of sucrose and disodium hydrogen phosphate, peptone, Triton x-100 and 2% (v/v) inoculum size on the yields of EPS production. The EPS was mainly composed of glucose and galactose in a relative molar ration (glucose/galactose) of 85.18:14.82, respectively. The preliminary characterization showed the average molecular-weight of EPS is about 2.522 × 106 Da. The microscopics morphology of polymer was formed irregularly shaped structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Vahid Niknezhad
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.,2Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.,3Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Najafpour Darzi
- 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- 4Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- 2Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran.,3Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
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78
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Kambourova M. Thermostable enzymes and polysaccharides produced by thermophilic bacteria isolated from Bulgarian hot springs. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:758-767. [PMID: 32624870 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201800022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable enzymes (thermozymes) have been recognized as extremophilic compounds with a greatest biotechnological importance in different industrial areas. Quite recently exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by thermophiles became an object of increased research interest due to their unique properties appropriate for some specific industrial needs. Thermophilic producers of biotechnologically valuable enzymes and novel EPS were isolated by our group from Bulgarian thermal springs with a diverse geotectonic origin and different water properties. Laboratory reactor processes for their production were developed in batch and continuous cultures. Some of the synthesized thermostable enzymes were among the first described in their groups, for example, the single known thermostable gellan lyase that demonstrated specific activity higher than that of the mesophilic enzymes. Isolated by us thermostable xylanase was able to degrade more than 60% of beechwood xylan in a coprocess with an archaeal β-xylosidase. Lipase purified by us was active between 55 and 90°C with an optimum at 75-80°C in a large pH range. It was able to degrade a broad range of substrates. Isolates from Bulgarian hot springs synthesized EPS with novel composition and high thermostability. Thus, Bulgarian hot springs harbor a wide set of thermophilic producers of novel enzymes and EPS with potential for a large number of biotechnological applications.
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79
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Bhatia SK, Bhatia RK, Choi YK, Kan E, Kim YG, Yang YH. Biotechnological potential of microbial consortia and future perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 38:1209-1229. [PMID: 29764204 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1471445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Design of a microbial consortium is a newly emerging field that enables researchers to extend the frontiers of biotechnology from a pure culture to mixed cultures. A microbial consortium enables microbes to use a broad range of carbon sources. It provides microbes with robustness in response to environmental stress factors. Microbes in a consortium can perform complex functions that are impossible for a single organism. With advancement of technology, it is now possible to understand microbial interaction mechanism and construct consortia. Microbial consortia can be classified in terms of their construction, modes of interaction, and functions. Here we discuss different trends in the study of microbial functions and interactions, including single-cell genomics (SCG), microfluidics, fluorescent imaging, and membrane separation. Community profile studies using polymerase chain-reaction denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism (T-RFLP) are also reviewed. We also provide a few examples of their possible applications in areas of biopolymers, bioenergy, biochemicals, and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Bhatia
- a Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ravi Kant Bhatia
- c Department of Biotechnology , Himachal Pradesh University , Shimla , India
| | - Yong-Keun Choi
- a Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.,d Texas A&M AGRILIFE Research & Extension Center , Texas A&M University , Stephenville , TX , USA
| | - Eunsung Kan
- d Texas A&M AGRILIFE Research & Extension Center , Texas A&M University , Stephenville , TX , USA
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- e Department of Chemical Engineering , Soongsil University , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- a Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea.,b Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application , Konkuk University , Seoul , South Korea
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80
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Abdel Wahab WA, Saleh SA, Karam EA, Mansour NM, Esawy MA. Possible correlation among osmophilic bacteria, levan yield, and the probiotic activity of three bacterial honey isolates. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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81
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Exopolysaccharides from Marine and Marine Extremophilic Bacteria: Structures, Properties, Ecological Roles and Applications. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16020069. [PMID: 29461505 PMCID: PMC5852497 DOI: 10.3390/md16020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine environment is the largest aquatic ecosystem on Earth and it harbours microorganisms responsible for more than 50% of total biomass of prokaryotes in the world. All these microorganisms produce extracellular polymers that constitute a substantial part of the dissolved organic carbon, often in the form of exopolysaccharides (EPS). In addition, the production of these polymers is often correlated to the establishment of the biofilm growth mode, during which they are important matrix components. Their functions include adhesion and colonization of surfaces, protection of the bacterial cells and support for biochemical interactions between the bacteria and the surrounding environment. The aim of this review is to present a summary of the status of the research about the structures of exopolysaccharides from marine bacteria, including capsular, medium released and biofilm embedded polysaccharides. Moreover, ecological roles of these polymers, especially for those isolated from extreme ecological niches (deep-sea hydrothermal vents, polar regions, hypersaline ponds, etc.), are reported. Finally, relationships between the structure and the function of the exopolysaccharides are discussed.
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82
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Özcan E, Öner ET. Microbial of Extracellular Polysaccharide Production from Biomass Sources. POLYSACCHARIDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-03751-6_51-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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83
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Edrada-Ebel R, Ævarsson A, Polymenakou P, Hentschel U, Carettoni D, Day J, Green D, Hreggviðsson GÓ, Harvey L, McNeil B. SeaBioTech: From Seabed to Test-Bed: Harvesting the Potential of Marine Biodiversity for Industrial Biotechnology. GRAND CHALLENGES IN MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69075-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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84
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85
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Elnahas MO, Amin MA, Hussein MMD, Shanbhag VC, Ali AE, Wall JD. Isolation, Characterization and Bioactivities of an Extracellular Polysaccharide Produced from Streptomyces sp. MOE6. Molecules 2017; 22:E1396. [PMID: 28837108 PMCID: PMC6151578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A Streptomyces strain was isolated from soil and the sequence of 1471 nucleotides of its 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to Streptomyces sp. HV10. This newly isolated Streptomyces strain produced an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) composed mainly of glucose and mannose in a ratio of 1:4.1, as was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), HPLC and ¹H-NMR. The antioxidant activities of the partially purified MOE6-EPS were determined by measuring the hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity and the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. In addition, the partially purified MOE6-EPS showed high ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelation activity which is another antioxidant activity. Interestingly, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays that were colorimetric assays for NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductases and a proxy of the number of viable cells, showed that the partially purified MOE6-EPS inhibited the proliferation of the human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The scratch wound assay showed that MOE6-EPS reduced the migration of mouse breast cancer cells (4T1). This study reports the production of EPS from Streptomyces species with promising antioxidant, metal chelating and mammalian cell inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa O Elnahas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Magdy A Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M D Hussein
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Center, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Vinit C Shanbhag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Amal E Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Judy D Wall
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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86
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Panda AK, Bisht SS, Kaushal BR, De Mandal S, Kumar NS, Basistha BC. Bacterial diversity analysis of Yumthang hot spring, North Sikkim, India by Illumina sequencing. BIG DATA ANALYTICS 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41044-017-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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87
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Nonpathogenic, Thermotolerant, and Exopolysaccharide-Producing Bacillus anthracis Strain PFAB2 from Panifala Hot Water Spring in West Bengal, India. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/6/e01346-16. [PMID: 28007848 PMCID: PMC5180376 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01346-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of fatal anthrax in both animals and humans. It is prevalently pathogenic. Here, we present a Bacillus anthracis PFAB2 strain from a relatively unexplored Panifala hot water spring in West Bengal, India. It is nonpathogenic, exopolysaccharide producing, and thermotolerant in nature.
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88
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Banerjee A, Bandopadhyay R. Chapter 1 Bacterial Exopolysaccharides. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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89
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Dave SR. Microbial Exopolysaccharide - An Inevitable Product for Living Beings and Environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15406/jbmoa.2016.02.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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90
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In Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of an Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Thermophilic Bacillus licheniformis T14. Curr Microbiol 2016; 72:518-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0981-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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91
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Charlesworth J, P. Burns B. Extremophilic adaptations and biotechnological applications in diverse environments. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.3.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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92
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Kambourova M, Radchenkova N, Tomova I, Bojadjieva I. Thermophiles as a Promising Source of Exopolysaccharides with Interesting Properties. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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93
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Ates O. Systems Biology of Microbial Exopolysaccharides Production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:200. [PMID: 26734603 PMCID: PMC4683990 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) produced by diverse group of microbial systems are rapidly emerging as new and industrially important biomaterials. Due to their unique and complex chemical structures and many interesting physicochemical and rheological properties with novel functionality, the microbial EPSs find wide range of commercial applications in various fields of the economy such as food, feed, packaging, chemical, textile, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine. EPSs are mainly associated with high-value applications, and they have received considerable research attention over recent decades with their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and both environmental and human compatibility. However, only a few microbial EPSs have achieved to be used commercially due to their high production costs. The emerging need to overcome economic hurdles and the increasing significance of microbial EPSs in industrial and medical biotechnology call for the elucidation of the interrelations between metabolic pathways and EPS biosynthesis mechanism in order to control and hence enhance its microbial productivity. Moreover, a better understanding of biosynthesis mechanism is a significant issue for improvement of product quality and properties and also for the design of novel strains. Therefore, a systems-based approach constitutes an important step toward understanding the interplay between metabolism and EPS biosynthesis and further enhances its metabolic performance for industrial application. In this review, primarily the microbial EPSs, their biosynthesis mechanism, and important factors for their production will be discussed. After this brief introduction, recent literature on the application of omics technologies and systems biology tools for the improvement of production yields will be critically evaluated. Special focus will be given to EPSs with high market value such as xanthan, levan, pullulan, and dextran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ates
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
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94
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Spanò A, Arena A. Bacterial Exopolysaccharide of Shallow Marine Vent Origin as Agent in Counteracting Immune Disorders Induced by Herpes Virus. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2015; 37:251-60. [DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2015.1126602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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95
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Ghosh A, Pandey BD, Sarkar S. Microbial Variants from Iron Ore Slimes: Mineral Specificity and pH Tolerance. Indian J Microbiol 2015; 55:430-9. [PMID: 26543269 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-015-0544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the isolation of the native bacterial strains from the iron ore mines slime pond and its extremophilic characteristics. The two microbial isolates designated as CNIOS-1 and CNIOS-2 were grown in selective silicate broth at pH 7.0 and the organisms were tested for their selective adhesion on silicate and alumina minerals. The silicate bacteria with their exopolymers are very potent to grow over aluminosilicates. It was established that CNIOS-1 grew preferentially in the presence of silicate mineral compared to CNIOS-2 which grew in the presence of alumina. The organisms were tested for growth at various pH and trials were carried to define their efficacy for eventual applications to remove gangue minerals of silica and alumina from the raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghosh
- CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur, India
| | - B D Pandey
- CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur, India
| | - S Sarkar
- RD&T, Tata Steel Ltd, Jamshedpur, India
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96
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Untapped Resources: Biotechnological Potential of Peptides and Secondary Metabolites in Archaea. ARCHAEA-AN INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2015; 2015:282035. [PMID: 26504428 PMCID: PMC4609331 DOI: 10.1155/2015/282035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Archaea are an understudied domain of life often found in “extreme” environments in terms of temperature, salinity, and a range of other factors. Archaeal proteins, such as a wide range of enzymes, have adapted to function under these extreme conditions, providing biotechnology with interesting activities to exploit. In addition to producing structural and enzymatic proteins, archaea also produce a range of small peptide molecules (such as archaeocins) and other novel secondary metabolites such as those putatively involved in cell communication (acyl homoserine lactones), which can be exploited for biotechnological purposes. Due to the wide array of metabolites produced there is a great deal of biotechnological potential from antimicrobials such as diketopiperazines and archaeocins, as well as roles in the cosmetics and food industry. In this review we will discuss the diversity of small molecules, both peptide and nonpeptide, produced by archaea and their potential biotechnological applications.
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97
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Production and properties of an exopolysaccharide synthesized by the extreme halophilic archaeon Haloterrigena turkmenica. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:613-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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98
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Notomista E, Falanga A, Fusco S, Pirone L, Zanfardino A, Galdiero S, Varcamonti M, Pedone E, Contursi P. The identification of a novel Sulfolobus islandicus CAMP-like peptide points to archaeal microorganisms as cell factories for the production of antimicrobial molecules. Microb Cell Fact 2015; 14:126. [PMID: 26338197 PMCID: PMC4559164 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic bacteria easily develop resistance to c
onventional antibiotics so that even relatively new molecules are quickly losing efficacy. This strongly encourages the quest of new antimicrobials especially for the treatment of chronic infections. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) are small positively charged peptides with an amphipathic structure, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, as well as protozoa. Results A novel (CAMP)-like peptide (VLL-28) was identified in the primary structure of a transcription factor, Stf76, encoded by pSSVx, a hybrid plasmid–virus from the archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus. VLL-28 displays chemical, physical and functional properties typical of CAMPs. Indeed, it has a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and acquires a defined structure in the presence of membrane mimetics. Furthermore, it exhibits selective leakage and fusogenic capability on vesicles with a lipid composition similar to that of bacterial membranes. VLL-28 localizes not only on the cell membrane but also in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and retains the ability to bind nucleic acids. These findings suggest that this CAMP-like peptide could exert its antimicrobial activity both on membrane and intra cellular targets. Conclusions VLL-28 is the first CAMP-like peptide identified in the archaeal kingdom, thus pointing to archaeal microorganisms as cell factories to produce antimicrobial molecules of biotechnological interest. Furthermore, results from this work show that DNA/RNA-binding proteins could be used as sources of CAMPs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-015-0302-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Notomista
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Istituto di Biostrutture Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Fusco
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luciano Pirone
- Istituto di Biostrutture Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy. .,C.I.R.C.M.S.B. (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici), via Celso Ulpiani, 27, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Zanfardino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Istituto di Biostrutture Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy. .,Department of Pharmacy and CiRPEB, University of Naples Federico II, 80100, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Istituto di Biostrutture Bioimmagini, CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Contursi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
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99
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Gugliandolo C, Spanò A, Maugeri TL, Poli A, Arena A, Nicolaus B. Role of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides as Agents in Counteracting Immune Disorders Induced by Herpes Virus. Microorganisms 2015; 3:464-83. [PMID: 27682100 PMCID: PMC5023242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms3030464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme marine environments, such as the submarine shallow vents of the Eolian Islands (Italy), offer an almost unexplored source of microorganisms producing unexploited and promising biomolecules for pharmaceutical applications. Thermophilic and thermotolerant bacilli isolated from Eolian vents are able to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) with antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). HSV-2 is responsible for the most common and continuously increasing viral infections in humans. Due to the appearance of resistance to the available treatments, new biomolecules exhibiting different mechanisms of action could provide novel agents for treating viral infections. The EPSs hinder the HSV-2 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but not in WISH (Wistar Institute Susan Hayflic) cells line, indicating that cell-mediated immunity was involved in the antiviral activity. High levels of Th1-type cytokines were detected in PBMC treated with all EPSs, while Th2-type cytokines were not induced. These EPSs are water soluble exopolymers able to stimulate the immune response and thus contribute to the antiviral immune defense, acting as immunomodulators. As stimulants of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, they could lead to the development of novel drugs as alternative in the treatment of herpes virus infections, as well as in immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Gugliandolo
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonio Spanò
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Teresa L Maugeri
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Annarita Poli
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Council of National Research (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Adriana Arena
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Department of Human Pathology, Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Policlinico Universitario "G. Martino", Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Barbara Nicolaus
- Research Centre for Extreme Environments and Extremophiles, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, V.le F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
- Council of National Research (C.N.R.), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
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100
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Sellami M, Oszako T, Miled N, Ben Rebah F. Industrial wastewater as raw material for exopolysaccharide production by Rhizobium leguminosarum. Braz J Microbiol 2015; 46:407-13. [PMID: 26273255 PMCID: PMC4507532 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246220140153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the exopolysaccharide (EPS)
production by Rhizobium leguminosarum cultivated in wastewater
generated by oil companies (WWOC1 and WWOC2) and fish processing industry
(WWFP). The results obtained in Erlenmeyer flasks indicated that the rhizobial
strain grew well in industrial wastewater. Generally, wastewater composition
affected the growth and the EPS production. WWFP allowed good bacterial growth
similar to that obtained with the standard medium (YMB). During growth, various
quantities of EPS were produced and yields varied depending on the media.
Growing in YMB, EPS production did not exceed 9.7 g/L obtained after 72 h of
growth. In wastewater, the maximum EPS value reached 11.1 g/L obtained with the
fish processing wastewater, after 72 h of growth. The use of a mixture of the
oil company wastewater (WWOC2) and the fish processing wastewater (WWFP) as
culture medium affected not only the rhizobial strain growth, but also EPS
production. The highest EPS (42.4 g/L, after 96 h of culture) was obtained using
a ratio of WWFP and WWOC2 of 50:50 (v:v). Therefore, this work shows the ability
of Rhizobium leguminosarum, growing in industrial wastewater as
new economic medium, to produce EPS. This biopolymer could be applied in
enormous biotechnological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sellami
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tomasz Oszako
- Instytut Badawczy Lesnictwa, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ulica Raszyn, Poland, Instytut Badawczy Lesnictwa, Forest Research Institute, Sekocin Stary, ulica Raszyn, Poland
| | - Nabil Miled
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Ben Rebah
- King Khaled University, King Khalid University, Community College at Khamis Mushait, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia, King Khalid University, Community College at Khamis Mushait, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia
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