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Narukawa T, Hioki A, Chiba K. Speciation and monitoring test for inorganic arsenic in white rice flour. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:1122-1127. [PMID: 22224477 DOI: 10.1021/jf204240p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A monitoring test for arsenic species in white rice flour was developed and applied to flours made from 20 samples of polished rice collected from locations all over Japan. The arsenic species in white rice flour made from five samples each of four types of rice were analyzed by HPLC-ICP-MS after a heat-assisted aqueous extraction. The total arsenic and major and minor element concentrations in the white rice flours were measured by ICP-MS and ICP-OES after microwave-assisted digestion. 91 ± 1% of the arsenic in the flours was extractable. Concentrations of arsenite [As(III)], arsenate [As(V)], and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA) were closely positively correlated with the total arsenic concentrations. The total arsenic concentration in flours made from rice collected around Japan was 0.15 ± 0.07 mg kg(-1) (highest, 0.32 mg kg(-1)), which is very low. It was thus confirmed that the white rice flour samples collected in this experiment were not suffered from noticeable As contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Narukawa
- Inorganic Analytical Chemistry Division, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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52
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A fully validated method for the determination of arsenic species in rice and infant cereal products. PURE APPL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-11-09-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A full validation of inorganic arsenic (iAs), methylarsonic acid (MA), and dimethyl arsinic acid (DMA) in several types of rice and rice-based infant cereals is reported. The analytical method was developed and validated in two laboratories. The extraction of the As species was performed using nitric acid 0.2 % and hydrogen peroxide 1 %, and the coupled system liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LCICP-MS) was used for speciation measurements. Detection limit (DL), quantification limit, linearity, precision, trueness, accuracy, selectivity, as well as expanded uncertainty for iAs, MA, and DMA were established. The certified reference materials (CRMs) (NMIJ 7503a, NCS ZC73008, NIST SRM 1568a) were used to check the accuracy. The method was shown to be satisfactory in two proficiency tests (PTs). The broad applicability of the method is shown from the results of analysis of 29 samples including several types of rice, rice products, and infant cereal products. Total As ranged from 40.1 to 323.7 μg As kg–1. From the speciation results, iAs was predominant, and DMA was detected in some samples while MA was not detected in any sample.
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53
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54
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Yehiayan L, Membreno N, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Extraction tool and matrix effects on arsenic speciation analysis in cell lines. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 699:187-92. [PMID: 21704773 PMCID: PMC3184454 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic glutathione (As-GSH) complexes have been suggested as possible metabolites in arsenic (As) metabolism. Extensive research has been performed on the toxicological and apoptotic effects of As, while few reports exist on its metabolism at the cellular level due to the analytical challenges. In this study, an efficient extraction method for arsenicals from cell lines was developed. Evaluation of extraction tools; vortex, ultrasonic bath and ultrasonic probe and solvents; water, chemicals (methanol and trifluoroacetic acid), and enzymes (pepsin, trypsin and protease) was performed. GSH effect on the stability of As-GSH complexes was studied. Arsenic metabolites in dimethylarsino glutathione (DMA(GS)) incubated multiple myeloma cell lines were identified following extraction. Intracellular GSH concentrations of myeloma cell lines were imitated in the extraction media and its corresponding effect on the stability and distribution of As metabolites was studied. An enhancement in both extraction recoveries and time efficiency with the use of the ultrasonic probe was observed. Higher stabilities for the As species in water, pepsin and trypsin were obtained. The presence of 0.5mM GSH in the extraction media (PBS, pH 7.4) could not stabilize the As-GSH complexes compared to the 5mM GSH, where high stabilization of the complexes was observed over a 5 day storage study. Finally, the speciation analysis of the DMA(GS) culture incubated cell lines in the presence or absence of GSH revealed the important role GSH plays in the preservation of DMA(GS) identity. Hence, caution is required during the extraction of arsenicals especially the As-GSH complexes, since their identification is highly dependent on GSH concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Yehiayan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Nellymar Membreno
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
| | - Shannon Matulis
- Dept. of Hematology & Medical Oncology at Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Lawrence H. Boise
- Dept. of Hematology & Medical Oncology at Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 St, Miami, Florida, 33199
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199
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55
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Batista BL, Souza JMO, De Souza SS, Barbosa F. Speciation of arsenic in rice and estimation of daily intake of different arsenic species by Brazilians through rice consumption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 191:342-348. [PMID: 21601359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Rice is an important source of essential elements. However, rice may also contain toxic elements such as arsenic. Therefore, in the present study, the concentration of total arsenic and five main chemical species of arsenic (As(3+), As(5+), DMA, MMA and AsB) were evaluated in 44 different rice samples (white, parboiled white, brown, parboiled brown, parboiled organic and organic white) from different Brazilian regions using high-performance liquid chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The mean level of total arsenic was 222.8 ng g(-1) and the daily intake of inorganic arsenic (the most toxic form) from rice consumption was estimated as 10% of the Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI) with a daily ingestion of 88 g of rice. Inorganic arsenic (As(3+), As(5+)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) are the predominant forms in all samples. The percentages of species were 38.7; 39.7; 3.7 and 17.8% for DMA, As(3+), MMA and As(5+), respectively. Moreover, rice samples harvested in the state of Rio Grande do Sul presented more fractions of inorganic arsenic than rice in Minas Gerais or Goiás, which could lead to different risks of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Batista
- Laboratório de Toxicologia e Essencialidade de Metais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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56
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Hsu KC, Sun CC, Huang YL. Arsenic speciation in biomedical sciences: recent advances and applications. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2011; 27:382-9. [PMID: 21914525 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Speciation analysis of trace elements is an important issue in biomedical and toxicological sciences because different elemental species have different effects on health and the environment. For humans, arsenic (As) is a toxic element; the toxicity of As compounds is highly dependent on its chemical form. Although inorganic As compounds are human carcinogens, organic arsenicals are relatively less toxic. This article deals with recent advances and applications of methods for As speciation in biomedical sciences, with emphasis on the specimens commonly encountered in biomedical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng-Chang Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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57
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Hanh HT, Kim KW, Bang S, Hoa NM. Community exposure to arsenic in the Mekong river delta, Southern Vietnam. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2025-32. [PMID: 21655616 DOI: 10.1039/c1em10037h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the daily inorganic arsenic (i-As) intake from drinking water and rice in 45 households (75 individuals) in the An Giang province, Southern Vietnam. The daily i-As intake ranged from 28-102 μg d(-1), equivalent to the daily dose of 0.6-1.9 μg d(-1) kg((body wt))(-1). Increased As concentrations were observed in human hair in the study location. Approximately 67% (n = 44), 42% (n = 28), and 15% (n = 10) of the hair samples had As levels exceeding 1, 3, and 10 μg g(-1), respectively. The total As concentrations in female and male hair correlated well with the total daily i-As intake. Measurement of As concentrations in the hair of people who were consuming or had previously consumed As from contaminated sources may help predict the onset of negative health effects. We suggested an application of the Bayes's theorem to calculate the probability that an individual in a population will acquire a negative health effect, given that the concentration of arsenic in the subject's hair has been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thi Hanh
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 261 Cheom-dan, Gwagiro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 500-712, Republic of Korea
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58
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Luque-Garcia JL, Cabezas-Sanchez P, Camara C. Proteomics as a tool for examining the toxicity of heavy metals. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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59
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Michalski R, Jabłonska M, Szopa S, Łyko A. Application of Ion Chromatography with ICP-MS or MS Detection to the Determination of Selected Halides and Metal/Metalloids Species. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.559438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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60
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Rahman MM, Asaduzzaman M, Naidu R. Arsenic Exposure from Rice and Water Sources in the Noakhali District of Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12403-010-0034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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61
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Dinis-Oliveira RJ, Carvalho F, Duarte JA, Remião F, Marques A, Santos A, Magalhães T. Collection of biological samples in forensic toxicology. Toxicol Mech Methods 2010; 20:363-414. [PMID: 20615091 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2010.497976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Forensic toxicology is the study and practice of the application of toxicology to the purposes of the law. The relevance of any finding is determined, in the first instance, by the nature and integrity of the specimen(s) submitted for analysis. This means that there are several specific challenges to select and collect specimens for ante-mortem and post-mortem toxicology investigation. Post-mortem specimens may be numerous and can endow some special difficulties compared to clinical specimens, namely those resulting from autolytic and putrefactive changes. Storage stability is also an important issue to be considered during the pre-analytic phase, since its consideration should facilitate the assessment of sample quality and the analytical result obtained from that sample. The knowledge on degradation mechanisms and methods to increase storage stability may enable the forensic toxicologist to circumvent possible difficulties. Therefore, advantages and limitations of specimen preservation procedures are thoroughfully discussed in this review. Presently, harmonized protocols for sampling in suspected intoxications would have obvious utility. In the present article an overview is given on sampling procedures for routinely collected specimens as well as on alternative specimens that may provide additional information on the route and timing of exposure to a specific xenobiotic. Last, but not least, a discussion on possible bias that can influence the interpretation of toxicological results is provided. This comprehensive review article is intented as a significant help for forensic toxicologists to accomplish their frequently overwhelming mission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Dinis-Oliveira
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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62
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Roychowdhury T. Groundwater arsenic contamination in one of the 107 arsenic-affected blocks in West Bengal, India: Status, distribution, health effects and factors responsible for arsenic poisoning. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010; 213:414-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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63
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Karayünlü S, Ay Ü. Spectrophotometric determination of total inorganic arsenic with hexamethylene ammonium-hexamethylenedithiocarbamate in nonionic triton X-100 micellar media. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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64
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Sengupta MK, Dasgupta PK. An Automated Hydride Generation Interface to ICPMS for Measuring Total Arsenic in Environmental Samples. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9737-43. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
| | - Purnendu K. Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, Texas 76019-0065
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Pal A, Chowdhury UK, Mondal D, Das B, Nayak B, Ghosh A, Maity S, Chakraborti D. Arsenic burden from cooked rice in the populations of arsenic affected and nonaffected areas and Kolkata City in West-Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:3349-3355. [PMID: 19534157 DOI: 10.1021/es803414j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic contamination of rice irrigated with contaminated groundwater contributes to the additional arsenic burden of the population where rice is the staple food. In an arsenic contaminated area, an experimental field-based study done on nine fields elucidated significant positive correlation between arsenic in irrigation water and soil, irrigation water and rice, and also soil and rice both for Boro (groundwater) and Aman (rainwater) rice. Speciation studies showed that for both Boro (cooked) and Aman (raw) rice from contaminated area, 90% of total recovered arsenic was inorganic. In arsenic contaminated, uncontaminated villages, and Kolkata city, daily quantities of arsenic ingested by adult population from cooked rice diet are equivalent to 6.5, 1.8, and 2.3 L respectively, of drinking water containing WHO guideline value. In contaminated area, daily intake only from cooked Boro rice for 34.6% of the samples exceeded the WHO recommended MTDI value (2 microg In-As day(-1) kg(-1) body wt), whereas daily intake from Aman rice was below MTDI value as was rice from uncontaminated areas and Kolkata city. Our study indicated that employing traditional rice cooking method as followed in Bengal delta and using water having arsenic <3 microg L(-1) for cooking, actual exposure to arsenic from rice would be much less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup Pal
- School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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66
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Button M, Jenkin GRT, Harrington CF, Watts MJ. Human toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:610-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b817097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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67
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Meermann B, Bartel M, Scheffer A, Trümpler S, Karst U. Capillary electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometric and electrospray time of flight mass spectrometric detection for the determination of arsenic species in fish samples. Electrophoresis 2008; 29:2731-7. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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