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Calabrese EJ, Hanekamp JC, Hanekamp YN, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Agathokleous E. Chloroquine commonly induces hormetic dose responses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142436. [PMID: 33017762 PMCID: PMC7518853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 has received considerable attention. The recent intense focus on this application of chloroquine stimulated an investigation into the effects of chloroquine at low doses on highly biologically-diverse models and whether it may induce hormetic-biphasic dose response effects. The assessment revealed that hormetic effects have been commonly induced by chloroquine, affecting numerous cell types, including tumor cell lines (e.g. human breast and colon) and non-tumor cell lines, enhancing viral replication, sperm motility, various behavioral endpoints as well as decreasing risks of convulsions, and enhancing a spectrum of neuroprotective responses within a preconditioning experimental framework. These diverse and complex findings indicate that hormetic dose responses commonly occur with chloroquine treatment with a range of biological models and endpoints. These findings have implications concerning study design features including the number and spacing of doses, and suggest a range of possible clinical concerns and opportunities depending on the endpoint considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Jaap C Hanekamp
- University College Roosevelt, Lange Noordstraat 1, NL-4331 CB Middelburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Yannic N Hanekamp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- University of Massachusetts, Human Research Protection Office, Research Compliance, University of Massachusetts, Mass Venture Center, Hadley, MA 01035, United States of America
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
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Nong QY, Liu YA, Qin LT, Liu M, Mo LY, Liang YP, Zeng HH. Toxic mechanism of three azole fungicides and their mixture to green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:127793. [PMID: 32799142 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Currently, few studies have investigated the joint toxicity mechanism of azole fungicides at different exposure times and mixed at the relevant environmental concentrations. In this study, three common azole fungicides, namely, myclobutanil (MYC), propiconazole (PRO), and tebuconazole (TCZ), were used in studying the toxic mechanisms of a single substance and its ternary mixture exposed to ambient concentrations of Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), chlorophyll a (Chla), and total protein (TP), were used as physiological indexes. Results showed that three azole fungicides and ternary mixture presented obvious time-dependent toxicities at high concentrations. MYC induced a hormetic effect on algal growth, whereas PRO and TCZ inhibit algal growth in the entire range of the tested concentrations. The toxicities of the three azole fungicides at 7 days followed the order PRO > TCZ > MYC. Three azole fungicides and their ternary mixture induced different levels of SOD and CAT activities in algae at high concentrations. The ternary mixture showed additive effects after 4 and 7 days exposure, but no effect was observed at actual environmental concentrations. The toxic mechanisms may be related to the continuous accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which not only affected protein structures and compositions but also damaged thylakoid membranes, hindered the synthesis of proteins and chlorophyll a, and eventually inhibited algal growth. These findings increase the understanding of the ecotoxicity of azole fungicides and use of azole fungicides in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-Yuan Nong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yong-An Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Li-Tang Qin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Min Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ling-Yun Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yan-Peng Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hong-Hu Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
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Agathokleous E, Kitao M, Calabrese EJ. Hormesis: Highly Generalizable and Beyond Laboratory. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:1076-1086. [PMID: 32546350 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is a biphasic dose-response relationship with contrasting effects of low versus high doses of stress. Hormesis is rapidly developing in plant science research and has wide implications for risk assessment, stress biology, and agriculture. Here, we explore selected areas of importance to the concept of hormesis and suggest that hormesis is a highly generalizable phenomenon. We address the questions of whether hormesis occurs in high-risk groups or in response to mixtures of stress-inducing agents, whether there is a single biological mechanism of hormesis, and what the temporal features of hormesis are.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Forest Research and Management Organization, 7 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8516, Japan
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Zhang B, Yu P, Wang Z, Alvarez PJJ. Hormetic Promotion of Biofilm Growth by Polyvalent Bacteriophages at Low Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12358-12365. [PMID: 32886494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between bacteriophages (phages) and biofilms are poorly understood despite their broad ecological and water quality implications. Here, we report that biofilm exposure to lytic polyvalent phages at low concentrations (i.e., 102-104 phages/mL) can counterintuitively promote biofilm growth and densification (corroborated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)). Such exposure hormetically upregulated quorum sensing genes (by 4.1- to 24.9-fold), polysaccharide production genes (by 3.7- to 9.3-fold), and curli synthesis genes (by 4.5- to 6.5-fold) in the biofilm-dwelling bacterial hosts (i.e., Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) relative to unexposed controls. Accordingly, the biofilm matrix increased its polysaccharide and extracellular DNA content relative to unexposed controls (by 41.8 ± 2.3 and 81.4 ± 2.2%, respectively), which decreased biofilm permeability and increased structural integrity. This contributed to enhanced resistance to disinfection with chlorine (bacteria half-lives were 6.08 ± 0.05 vs 3.91 ± 0.03 min for unexposed controls) and to subsequent phage infection (biomass removal was 18.2 ± 1.2 vs 32.3 ± 1.2% for unexposed controls), apparently by mitigating diffusion of these antibacterial agents through the biofilm. Overall, low concentrations of phages reaching a biofilm may result in unintended biofilm stimulation, which might accelerate biofouling, biocorrosion, or other biofilm-related water quality problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Pingfeng Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, United States
| | - Zijian Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston 77005, United States
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Wu J, Ren Z, Zhang C, Motelica-Heino M, Deng T, Wang H, Dai J. Effects of soil acid stress on the survival, growth, reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activities, and protein contents in earthworm (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:33419-33428. [PMID: 30838490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the study of earthworm survival, growth, reproduction, enzyme activities, and protein contents to evaluate and predict the effects of different soil pH levels and determine the optimal risk assessment indicators for the effects. Survival rate, growth rate, and cocoon number as well as four enzyme (glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT)) activities and two proteins (total protein (TP) and metallothionein (MT)) contents in earthworms were determined to characterize the responses of earthworm activity to five soil pH levels. These biological datasets (survival, growth, and reproduction) were compared with biochemical indexes (GSH-PX, SOD, POD, CAT, TP, and MT), mainly using biphasic dose-response models. The results indicated that the soil pH value had significant inhibitory effects on the survival, growth, and reproduction of earthworms beginning with 3.0, 4.0, and 5.2, respectively. The dose-response models (J-shaped and inverted U-shaped curves) statistics indicated that the critical values (ECZEP) of the GSH-PX, SOD, POD, CAT, TP, and MT inhibited by soil acid stress were 3.46, 3.76, 3.35, 3.54, 3.50, and 3.96 (average 3.60), respectively. In the present study, the fitting curve analysis showed that the responses of the CAT activities and TP and MT contents in earthworm in response to soil pH have the behavior of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialong Wu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Zongling Ren
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Mikael Motelica-Heino
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS/INSU Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR 6113, Campus Géosciences, 1A rue de la Férollerie, 41071, Orléans, France
| | - Ting Deng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China
| | - Jun Dai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in South China, Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Land and Resources for Construction Land Transformation, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou, 510140, China.
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Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Hormesis: A potential strategic approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:271-301. [PMID: 32854857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes neuroprotective effects mediated by pre- and post-conditioning-induced processes that act via the quantitative features of the hormetic dose response. These lead to the development of acquired resilience that can protect neuronal systems from endogenous and exogenous stresses and insult. Particular attention is directed to issues of dose optimization, inter-individual variation, and potential ways to further study and employ hormetic-based preconditioning approaches in medical and public health efforts to treat and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Human Research Protection Office, Research Compliance, University of Massachusetts, Hadley, MA, United States
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology & Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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Martel J, Wu CY, Peng HH, Ko YF, Yang HC, Young JD, Ojcius DM. Plant and fungal products that extend lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2020; 7:255-269. [PMID: 33015140 PMCID: PMC7517010 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.10.731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a useful model to study aging due to its short lifespan, ease of manipulation, and available genetic tools. Several molecules and extracts derived from plants and fungi extend the lifespan of C. elegans by modulating aging-related pathways that are conserved in more complex organisms. Modulation of aging pathways leads to activation of autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and expression of antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in a manner similar to caloric restriction. Low and moderate concentrations of plant and fungal molecules usually extend lifespan, while high concentrations are detrimental, consistent with a lifespan-modulating mechanism involving hormesis. We review here molecules and extracts derived from plants and fungi that extend the lifespan of C. elegans, and explore the possibility that these natural substances may produce health benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - John D. Young
- Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Theodosius Dobzhansky's view on biology and evolution v.2.0: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution and evolution's dependence on hormesis-mediated acquired resilience that optimizes biological performance and numerous diverse short and longer term protective strategies". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109559. [PMID: 32344211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The hormetic, biphasic dose response, is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, level of biological organization, endpoint, inducing agent, and mechanisms. It plays a significant role in mediating both constitutive and adaptable responses in essentially all cells and organisms. The present paper provides both a historical overview of the origin of the hormetic concept in the biological and biomedical sciences, and its potential role in ecology, evolution, and development. These integrative findings provide a broad scientific framework to better understand complex evolutionary-based selection strategies, affecting survival, lifespan, fecundity, learning/memory, tissue repair, reproduction and cooperation, and developmental processes, and offering resilience in the presence of numerous challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu, China.
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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Ko YF, Young JD. Phytochemicals as Prebiotics and Biological Stress Inducers. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:462-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ge H, Zhou M, Lv D, Wang M, Xie D, Yang X, Dong C, Li S, Lin P. Novel Segmented Concentration Addition Method to Predict Mixture Hormesis of Chlortetracycline Hydrochloride and Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride to Aliivibrio fischeri. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E481. [PMID: 31940888 PMCID: PMC7013428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a concentration-response phenomenon characterized by low-concentration stimulation and high-concentration inhibition, which typically has a nonmonotonic J-shaped concentration-response curve (J-CRC). The concentration addition (CA) model is the gold standard for studying mixture toxicity. However, the CA model had the predictive blind zone (PBZ) for mixture J-CRC. To solve the PBZ problem, we proposed a segmented concentration addition (SCA) method to predict mixture J-CRC, which was achieved through fitting the left and right segments of component J-CRC and performing CA prediction subsequently. We selected two model compounds including chlortetracycline hydrochloride (CTCC) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCC), both of which presented J-CRC to Aliivibrio fischeri (AVF). The seven binary mixtures (M1-M7) of CTCC and OTCC were designed according to their molar ratios of 12:1, 10:3, 8:5, 1:1, 5:8, 3:10, and 1:12 referring to the direct equipartition ray design. These seven mixtures all presented J-CRC to AVF. Based on the SCA method, we obtained mixture maximum stimulatory effect concentration (ECm) and maximum stimulatory effect (Em) predicted by SCA, both of which were not available for the CA model. The toxicity interactions of these mixtures were systematically evaluated by using a comprehensive approach, including the co-toxicity coefficient integrated with confidence interval method (CTCICI), CRC, and isobole analysis. The results showed that the interaction types were additive and antagonistic action, without synergistic action. In addition, we proposed the cross point (CP) hypothesis for toxic interactive mixtures presenting J-CRC, that there was generally a CP between mixture observed J-CRC and CA predicted J-CRC; the relative positions of observed and predicted CRCs on either side of the CP would exchange, but the toxic interaction type of mixtures remained unchanged. The CP hypothesis needs to be verified by more mixtures, especially those with synergism. In conclusion, the SCA method is expected to have important theoretical and practical significance for mixture hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Ge
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Min Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Defang Xie
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Cunzhu Dong
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products Quality and Safety, Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (M.Z.); (M.W.); (D.X.); (X.Y.); (S.L.)
| | - Peng Lin
- Fujian SCUD Power Technology Co., Ltd., Fujian 350004, China;
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Stimulating hair growth via hormesis: Experimental foundations and clinical implications. Pharmacol Res 2019; 152:104599. [PMID: 31857242 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous agents (approximately 90) are shown to stimulate hair growth in cellular and animal models in a hormetic-like biphasic dose response manner. These hormetic dose responses occur within the framework of direct stimulatory responses as well as in preconditioning experimental protocols. These findings have important implications for experimental and clinical investigations with respect to study design strategies, dose selection and dose spacing along with sample size and statistical power issues. These findings further reflect the general occurrence of hormetic dose responses within the biological and biomedical literature that consistently appear to be independent of biological model, level of biological organization (i.e., cell, organ, and organism), endpoint, inducing agent, potency of the inducing agent, and mechanism.
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Current nutritional and pharmacological anti-aging interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165612. [PMID: 31816437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for chronic diseases and disablement in human societies with a great impact in social and health care expenditures. So far, aging and, eventually, death are unavoidable. Nevertheless, research efforts on aging-associated diseases with the aim not only to extend life span but also to increment health span in an attempt to delay, stop and even reverse the aging process have not stopped growing. Caloric restriction extends both health and life span in several short-lived experimental models and has brought to light the role of different molecular effectors involved in nutrient sensing pathways and longevity. This opens the possibility of modulating these molecular effectors also in humans to increase longevity and health span. The difficulty to implement caloric restricted diets in humans has led to the development of new bearable diets such as time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting or diets with limited amounts of some nutrients and to the search of pharmacological agents, targeted to the effectors that mediate the extension of life and health span in response to these anti-aging diets. Pharmacological approaches that eliminate senescent cells or prevent primary causes of aging such as telomere attrition also emerge as potential anti-aging strategies. In the present article, we review these possible nutritional and pharmacological interventions designed to mitigate and/or delay the aging process and to increase health and life span.
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Xie X, Jin Y, Ma Z, Tang S, Peng H, Giesy JP, Liu H. Underlying mechanisms of reproductive toxicity caused by multigenerational exposure of 2, bromo-4, 6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) to Zebrafish (Danio rerio) at environmental relevant levels. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105285. [PMID: 31546070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2-bromo-4, 6-dinitroaniline (BDNA) is a mutagenic aromatic amine involved in the production and degradation of Disperse blue 79, one of the most extensively used brominated azo dyes. In our previous study, a multigenerational exposure of BDNA (0.5, 5, 50 and 500 μg/L) to zebrafish from F0 adult to F2 larvae including a recovery group in F2 larvae was conducted. The effects on apical points observed in individuals and the long-term effects predicted on population were all related to reproduction. In this study, we performed molecular analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the reproductive toxicity of BDNA. In F1 generation, measurement of vitellogenin and transcription levels of genes associated with hypothalamus-pituitary-gland (HPG) axis, estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) were conducted. There was a decrease in VTG level in the blood of F1 female fish and transcription of genes related to ER was more affected than that of genes related to AR. These results were consistent with adverse effects that sexual differentiation was biased towards males and fecundity was impaired in a concentration-dependent manner in adults of F1 generation after 150 days exposure. In F2 generation, global gene transcriptions of F2 larvae were investigated. It was uncovered that processes related to apoptosis, development and DNA damage were strongly affected. Alterations to these biological pathways accounted for the irreversible parental influence on a significant decrease in hatchability and increase in abnormality of F2 larvae. All evidence suggested that the multigenerational exposure of BDNA posed lasting effects transmitted from parents to offspring that persisted after exposure ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaru Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song Tang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Department of Biomedical Veterinary Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Concetta Scuto M, Mancuso C, Tomasello B, Laura Ontario M, Cavallaro A, Frasca F, Maiolino L, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V. Curcumin, Hormesis and the Nervous System. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2417. [PMID: 31658697 PMCID: PMC6835324 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol compound extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn (family Zingiberaceae) commonly used as a spice to color and flavor food. Several preclinical studies have suggested beneficial roles for curcumin as an adjuvant therapy in free radical-based diseases, mainly neurodegenerative disorders. Indeed, curcumin belongs to the family of hormetins and the enhancement of the cell stress response, mainly the heme oxygenase-1 system, is actually considered the common denominator for this dual response. However, evidence-based medicine has clearly demonstrated the lack of any therapeutic effect of curcumin to contrast the onset or progression of neurodegeneration and related diseases. Finally, the curcumin safety profile imposes a careful analysis of the risk/benefit balance prior to proposing chronic supplementation with curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Cesare Mancuso
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Institute of Pharmacology, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Barbara Tomasello
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cavallaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Department of Clinical and experimental Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Luigi Maiolino
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia, 97-95125 Catania, Italy.
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Martel J, Ojcius DM, Ko YF, Ke PY, Wu CY, Peng HH, Young JD. Hormetic Effects of Phytochemicals on Health and Longevity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:335-346. [PMID: 31060881 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and exercise activate defensive cellular responses such as autophagy, DNA repair, and the induction of antioxidant enzymes. These processes improve health and longevity by protecting cells and organs against damage, mutations, and reactive oxygen species. Consuming a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms can also improve health and longevity. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, and terpenoids found in plants and fungi activate the same cellular processes as caloric restriction, fasting, and exercise. Many of the beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables may thus be due to activation of stress resistance pathways by phytochemicals. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of phytochemicals may provide important insights to delay aging and prevent chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Martel
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - David M Ojcius
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yun-Fei Ko
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yeu Wu
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John D Young
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Souza RS, Virginio F, Riback TIS, Suesdek L, Barufi JB, Genta FA. Microorganism-Based Larval Diets Affect Mosquito Development, Size and Nutritional Reserves in the Yellow Fever Mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Front Physiol 2019; 10:152. [PMID: 31024326 PMCID: PMC6465640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mosquito larvae feed on organic detritus from the environment, particularly microorganisms comprising bacteria, protozoa, and algae as well as crustaceans, plant debris, and insect exuviae. Little attention has been paid to nutritional studies in Aedes aegypti larvae. Objectives We investigated the effects of yeast, bacteria and microalgae diets on larval development, pupation time, adult size, emergence, survivorship, lifespan, and wing morphology. Materials and Methods Microorganisms (or Tetramin® as control) were offered as the only source of food to recently hatched first instar larvae and their development was followed until the adult stage. Protein, carbohydrate, glycogen, and lipid were analyzed in single larvae to correlate energetic reserve accumulation by larva with the developmental rates and nutritional content observed. FITC-labeled microorganisms were offered to fourth instar larvae, and its ingestion was recorded by fluorescence microscopy and quantitation. Results and Discussion Immature stages developed in all diets, however, larvae fed with bacteria and microalgae showed a severe delay in development rates, pupation time, adult emergence and low survivorship. Adult males emerged earlier as expected and had longer survival than females. Diets with better nutritional quality resulted in adults with bigger wings. Asaia sp. and Escherichia coli resulted in better nutrition and developmental parameters and seemed to be the best bacterial candidates to future studies using symbiont-based control. The diet quality was measured and presented different protein and carbohydrate amounts. Bacteria had the lowest protein and carbohydrate rates, yeasts had the highest carbohydrate amount and microalgae showed the highest protein content. Larvae fed with microalgae seem not to be able to process and store these diets properly. Larvae were shown to be able to process yeast cells and store their energetic components efficiently. Conclusion Together, our results point that Ae. aegypti larvae show high plasticity to feed, being able to develop under different microorganism-based diets. The important role of Ae. aegypti in the spread of infectious diseases requires further biological studies in order to understand the vector physiology and thus to manage the larval natural breeding sites aiming a better mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Virginio
- Laboratório Especial de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lincoln Suesdek
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Bonomi Barufi
- Laboratório de Ficologia, Departamento de Botânica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Ariel Genta
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Fisiologia de Insetos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fernando Ariel Genta, ;
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Wang L, Dou T, Li S, Liu Y. Transcriptome profiling and pathway analysis of the effects of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in mouse Sertoli cells. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2821-2829. [PMID: 30906470 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are confirmed to have toxic effects on the reproductive system and are likely to have further damaging actions in humans. The present study explored the molecular mechanisms of the toxic effect of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on mouse Sertoli cells. Cell apoptosis and proliferation assays were used to assess the effects of MEHP on the TM4 Sertoli cell line derived from mouse testes. TM4 cells were treated with two doses of MEHP or left untreated as a control group, followed by RNA extraction and analysis using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing technology. The gene expression profile obtained was then subjected to a bioinformatics analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms of reproductive toxicity. The results revealed that 528 and 269 genes were upregulated in the high- and low-dose MEHP groups of cells compared with the control group, while 148 and 173 genes were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the differently expressed genes were associated with the GO term 'extracellular region' of the cellular component domain in the high and low MEHP groups. Compared with the control group, eight common pathway changes were identified in the high- and low-dose MEHP groups, including 'terpenoid backbone biosynthesis'. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to validation, and hermetic effects were observed for certain genes. These results provide an important basis and experimental data for further research into the mechanisms of phthalate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Tonghai Dou
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Food Products (Shanghai), Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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68
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Agathokleous E, Calabrese EJ. Hormesis can enhance agricultural sustainability in a changing world. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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69
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Zhang Y, Song J, Wang T, Sun H, Lin Z, Zhang Y. Time-Dependent Toxicities of Quorum Sensing Inhibitors to Aliivibrio fischeri and Bacillus subtilis. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325818822938. [PMID: 30828271 PMCID: PMC6390225 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818822938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are being used widely as a promising alternative
to antibiotics and drawing attention as potential pollutants. However, the
assessment methods of the toxicities of QSIs, including model organism and
affecting time, have not been established. To investigate how model organism and
acting time impact the toxicities of QSIs, the effect of 4 QSIs to
Aliivibrio fischeri and Bacillus subtilis
were determined at different exposing time in the present study. The results
showed that the toxic effects of QSIs to gram-negative bacteria (A
fischeri) and gram-positive bacteria (B subtilis)
were different and time dependent. As for A fischeri, QSI
(furaneol acetate, FA) merely showed inhibition on the bioluminescence from
hours 1 to 2. But from hours 3 to 6, low concentration FA exerted stimulation on
the bioluminescence. Then, this stimulation disappeared from hours 7 to 14, and
after hour 15 the stimulation appeared again. That is to say, QSIs showed
intermittent hormesis effect on the bioluminescence of A
fischeri. By contrast, only inhibition was observed in the toxicity
test process of QSIs to B subtilis. As exposing time goes, the
inhibition weakened gradually when FA was at low concentration regions. What is
more, in the present, study toxic mechanisms were also discussed based on model
organisms and exposing time. This study demonstrates appreciable impacts of
model organism and exposing time on toxicities of QSIs and provides a
theoretical basis for risk assessments after QSIs being widely used into the
environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyuan Song
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjiang Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Hormesis: Path and Progression to Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102871. [PMID: 30248927 PMCID: PMC6213774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper tells the story of how hormesis became recognized as a fundamental concept in biology, affecting toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, agriculture, and all areas related to enhancing biological performance. This paper assesses how hormesis enhances resilience to normal aging and protects against a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and other diseases, as well as trauma and other threats to health and well-being. This paper also explains the application of hormesis to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, macrophage polarization and its systematic adaptive protections, and the role of hormesis in enhancing stem cell functioning and medical applications.
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71
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Lead JR, Batley GE, Alvarez PJJ, Croteau MN, Handy RD, McLaughlin MJ, Judy JD, Schirmer K. Nanomaterials in the environment: Behavior, fate, bioavailability, and effects-An updated review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:2029-2063. [PMID: 29633323 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers developments in studies of nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment since our much cited review in 2008. We discuss novel insights into fate and behavior, metrology, transformations, bioavailability, toxicity mechanisms, and environmental impacts, with a focus on terrestrial and aquatic systems. Overall, the findings were that: 1) despite substantial developments, critical gaps remain, in large part due to the lack of analytical, modeling, and field capabilities, and also due to the breadth and complexity of the area; 2) a key knowledge gap is the lack of data on environmental concentrations and dosimetry generally; 3) substantial evidence shows that there are nanospecific effects (different from the effects of both ions and larger particles) on the environment in terms of fate, bioavailability, and toxicity, but this is not consistent for all NMs, species, and relevant processes; 4) a paradigm is emerging that NMs are less toxic than equivalent dissolved materials but more toxic than the corresponding bulk materials; and 5) translation of incompletely understood science into regulation and policy continues to be challenging. There is a developing consensus that NMs may pose a relatively low environmental risk, but because of uncertainty and lack of data in many areas, definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. In addition, this emerging consensus will likely change rapidly with qualitative changes in the technology and increased future discharges. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2029-2063. © 2018 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Lead
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Graeme E Batley
- Centre for Environmental Contaminants Research, CSIRO Land and Water, Kirrawee, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan D Judy
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kristin Schirmer
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Sun H, Calabrese EJ, Zheng M, Wang D, Pan Y, Lin Z, Liu Y. A swinging seesaw as a novel model mechanism for time-dependent hormesis under dose-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effects: A case study on the toxicity of antibacterial chemicals to Aliivibrio fischeri. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 205:15-23. [PMID: 29679784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis occurs frequently in broadly ranging biological areas (e.g. plant biology, microbiology, biogerontology), toxicology, pharmacology and medicine. While numerous mechanisms (e.g. receptor and pathway mediated pathway responses) account for stimulatory and inhibitory features of hormetic dose responses, the vast majority emphasizes the inclusion of many doses but only one timepoint or use of a single optimized dose that is assessed over a broad range of timepoints. In this paper, a toxicity study was designed using a large number of properly spaced doses with responses determined over a large number of timepoints, which could help us reveal the underlying mechanism of hormesis. We present the results of a dose-time-response study on hormesis using five antibacterial chemicals on the bioluminescence of Aliivibrio fischeri, measuring expression of protein mRNA based on quorum sensing, simulating bioluminescent reaction and analyzing toxic actions of test chemicals. The findings show dose-time-dependent responses conforming to the hormetic dose-response model, while revealing unique response dynamics between agent induced stimulatory and inhibitory effects within bacterial growth phase dynamics. These dynamic dose-time features reveal a type of biological seesaw model that integrates stimulatory and inhibitory responses within unique growth phase, dose and time features, which has faultlessly explained the time-dependent hormetic phenomenon induced by five antibacterial chemicals (characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition). This study offers advances in understanding cellular dynamics, the biological integration of diverse and opposing responses and their role in evolutionary adaptive strategies to chemicals, which can provide new insight into the mechanistic investigation of hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Post-doctoral Research Station, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongzheng Pan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Shanghai, China
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Cong M, He S, Ma H, Li G, Zhu F. Hormetic Effects of Carbendazim on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:886-891. [PMID: 30673375 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-17-1602-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ascomycete plant-pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea infects more than 1,400 plant species worldwide. Stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens are of close relevance to disease management. In the present study, stimulatory effects of carbendazim on the virulence of B. cinerea to cucumber plants were investigated. Spraying carbendazim on cucumber plants at 3 to 200 μg/ml had stimulatory effects on the virulence of carbendazim-resistant isolates of B. cinerea and the maximum percent stimulations were 16.7 and 13.5% for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. Preconditioned mycelia (i.e., mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar [PDA] amended with carbendazim at concentrations of 10, 50, or 200 μg/ml) also showed increased virulence, and the maximum percent stimulations for isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491 were 7.9 and 9.5%, respectively. Compared with mycelia grown on PDA without carbendazim, virulence stimulation magnitudes of spraying carbendazim on leaves increased moderately but the concentrations of carbendazim that elicited the maximum stimulation increased 20- and 8-fold for preconditioned isolates HBtom451 and HBstr491, respectively. The time course of infection indicated that virulence stimulation was mediated by a direct stimulation mechanism. Studies of the physiological mechanism for stimulation demonstrated that carbendazim had no significant effects on tolerance to hydrogen peroxide, or on oxalic acid production in B. cinerea. These studies will deepen our understanding of quantitative features of hormetic effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Cong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shun He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongju Ma
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Liu Y, Guo R, Tang S, Zhu F, Zhang S, Yan Z, Chen J. Single and mixture toxicities of BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 on the feeding activity of Daphnia magna: From behavior assessment to neurotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:542-550. [PMID: 29277034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although 2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47), 6-hydroxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-OH-BDE-47) and 6-methoxy-2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (6-MeO-BDE-47) clearly disrupt the endocrine system, current knowledge of their single and/or mixture toxicities on other behaviors of aquatic organisms remains limited. In the present study, Daphnia magna was used to investigate the single and mixture toxicities of BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 as measured by inhibition of feeding during exposure and post-exposure periods. Additionally, the biochemical performance, i.e., the activities of super oxidase dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the test organism was studied to investigate the potential mechanisms of the toxicity of the target compounds. The three target compounds produced an obvious depressive effect on feeding behavior during the exposure period, and the effect increased with increasing concentrations. D. magna was most sensitive to 6-OH-BDE-47. The toxicity of the ternary mixture showed an obvious concentration-dependent effect, whereas the binary mixture toxicity showed the characteristics of hormesis. During the post-exposure period, overcompensation occurred, indicating a short-term effect of the target compounds on D. magna. Additionally, significant changes occurred in neurological responses, indicating that these compounds might have neurobehavioral toxicity in D. magna. The decrease in oxidative stress enzymes (SOD and GPx) indicated that the antioxidant response of D. magna was destroyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengkai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fisheries Resources in Inland Water of Jiangsu Province, Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210017, China
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shenghu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zhengyu Yan
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jianqiu Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), Nanjing 210009, China.
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75
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Kim SA, Lee YM, Choi JY, Jacobs DR, Lee DH. Evolutionarily adapted hormesis-inducing stressors can be a practical solution to mitigate harmful effects of chronic exposure to low dose chemical mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 233:725-734. [PMID: 29126094 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the toxicity of synthetic chemicals at high doses is well known, chronic exposure to low-dose chemical mixtures has only recently been linked to many age-related diseases. However, it is nearly impossible to avoid the exposure to these low-dose chemical mixtures as humans are exposed to a myriad of synthetic chemicals as a part of their daily lives. Therefore, coping with possible harms due to low dose chemical mixtures is challenging. Interestingly, within the range of environmental exposure, disease risk does not increase linearly with increasing dose of chemicals, but often tends to plateau or even decrease with increasing dose. Hormesis, the over-compensation of various adaptive responses through cellular stresses, is one possible mechanism for this non-linearity. Although the hormetic effects of synthetic chemicals or radiation have long been debated in the field of toxicology, the hormesis concept has recently been generalized in the field of molecular biology; similar to responses to synthetic chemicals, mild to moderate intermittent stressors from any source can induce hormetic responses. Examples of stressors are exercise, calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, cognitive stimulation, and phytochemicals. Mitohormesis is hormesis induced by such stressors through mitochondrial retrograde signalling including the increased production of mild reactive oxygen species. Xenohormesis is phytochemical-induced hormesis, reflective of a mutualistic relationship between plant and animals. As humans had repeated exposure to all of these stressors during their evolution, the hormetic effects of these health behaviours may be considered to be evolutionarily adapted. Although hormesis induced by synthetic chemicals occurs in humans, such hormesis may not be recommended to the public due to unresolved issues on safety including the impossibility of control exposure. However, the use of personal health behaviors which enhance mitohormetic- or xenohormetic-stress can be readily incorporated into everyone's daily lives as a practical way to counteract harmful effects of unavoidable low-dose chemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-A Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Lee
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Skeletal Diseases Genome Researcher Analysis Center, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University and Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Duk-Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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76
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Lu X, Zhang R, Cong M, Li J, Zhu F. Stimulatory Effects of Flusilazole on Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:197-201. [PMID: 30673466 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-17-1041-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flusilazole, a member of the demethylation inhibitor fungicides, is highly efficacious for control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To achieve judicious applications of flusilazole, its hormetic effects on virulence of S. sclerotiorum were investigated. Flusilazole sprayed at concentrations from 0.02 to 0.5 μg/ml caused statistically significant (P < 0.05) stimulatory effects on virulence of S. sclerotiorum to potted rapeseed plants, and the maximum stimulation magnitudes were 11.0 and 10.7% for isolates GS-7 and HN-24, respectively. Studies on the time course of the infection process showed that a stimulatory effect on virulence could be discerned at 18 h postinoculation, indicating a direct stimulation mechanism rather than an overcompensation for initial inhibitions. In order to determine whether the stimulations were caused mainly by effects of flusilazole on S. sclerotiorum or on rapeseed plants, mycelia grown on flusilazole-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA) media were inoculated on leaves of rapeseed plants without spraying the fungicide. Mycelium radial growth on PDA supplemented with flusilazole at concentrations from 0.005 to 0.16 μg/ml was inhibited by 10.11 to 48.7% for isolate GS-7 and by 4.1 to 24.9% for isolate HN-24. Observations with a scanning electron microscope showed that flusilazole in PDA at 0.04 and 0.08 μg/ml caused slightly deformed mycelia and twisted mycelial tips. Nevertheless, after inoculating on leaves of potted rapeseed plants, virulence of the inhibited mycelia was statistically significantly (P < 0.05) greater than that of the nontreated control, and the maximum stimulation magnitudes were 16.2 and 19.8% for isolates GS-7 and HN-24, respectively. Studies on a physiological mechanism for virulence stimulations showed that tolerance to hydrogen peroxide did not increase significantly for mycelia grown on flusilazole-amended PDA, thus excluding the possibility of tolerance to reactive oxygen species as a potential mechanism for virulence stimulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Menglong Cong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fuxing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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77
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Rösch A, Gottardi M, Vignet C, Cedergreen N, Hollender J. Mechanistic Understanding of the Synergistic Potential of Azole Fungicides in the Aquatic Invertebrate Gammarus pulex. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12784-12795. [PMID: 28921992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Azole fungicides are known inhibitors of the important enzyme class cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), thereby influencing the detoxification of co-occurring substances via biotransformation. This synergism in mixtures containing an azole has mostly been studied by effect measurements, while the underlying mechanism has been less well investigated. In this study, six azole fungicides (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, ketoconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, and tebuconazole) were selected to investigate their synergistic potential and their CYP inhibition strength in the aquatic invertebrate Gammarus pulex. The strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin was chosen as co-occurring substrate, and the synergistic potential was measured in terms of internal concentrations of azoxystrobin and associated biotransformation products (BTPs). Azoxystrobin is biotransformed by various reactions, and 18 BTPs were identified. By measuring internal concentrations of azoxystrobin and its BTPs with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry in the presence and absence of azole fungicides followed by toxicokinetic modeling, we showed that the inhibition of CYP-catalyzed biotransformation reactions indeed played a role for the observed synergism. However, synergism was only observed for prochloraz at environmentally realistic concentrations. Increased uptake rate constants, an increase in the total internal concentration of azoxystrobin and its BTPs, in vivo assays for measuring CYP activities, and G. pulex video-tracking suggested that the 2-fold increase in bioaccumulation, and, thereby, the raised toxicity of azoxystrobin in the presence of prochloraz is not only caused by inhibited biotransformation but even more by increased azoxystrobin uptake induced by hyperactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rösch
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michele Gottardi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Caroline Vignet
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Cedergreen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Juliane Hollender
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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78
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Lemon JA, Phan N, Boreham DR. Single CT Scan Prolongs Survival by Extending Cancer Latency inTrp53Heterozygous Mice. Radiat Res 2017; 188:505-511. [DOI: 10.1667/rr14576.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Lemon
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Canada, P3E 2C6
| | - Nghi Phan
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada, L8S 4K1
| | - Douglas R. Boreham
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Canada, P3E 2C6
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79
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Sheng Z, Liu Y. Potential impacts of silver nanoparticles on bacteria in the aquatic environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:290-296. [PMID: 28129561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is inevitable that nano-silver will be released into the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the effects of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on microbes in natural and engineered environments. The most remarkable gap in our knowledge on this lies on the low Ag-NPs dose side. This review summarized studies on the effects of Ag-NPs on bacteria from simple to complicated aquatic systems. A hormetic model with a narrow stimulatory zone has been proposed based on both experimental phenomenon and the potential mechanisms of the observed effects. Spectrum of the stimulating zone depends on Ag-NP properties, bacterial types and environmental conditions tested. This may become a concern in terms of Ag-NP disposal, and further research is required to build a sophisticated toxicity model for Ag-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiya Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada.
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80
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Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Giordano J. The role of hormesis in the functional performance and protection of neural systems. Brain Circ 2017; 3:1-13. [PMID: 30276298 PMCID: PMC6126232 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses how hormesis, a biphasic dose response, can protect and affect performance of neural systems. Particular attention is directed to the potential role of hormesis in mitigating age-related neurodegenerative diseases, genetically based neurological diseases, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury, seizure, and stress-related conditions. The hormetic dose response is of particular significance since it mediates the magnitude and range of neuroprotective processes. Consideration of hormetic dose-response concepts can also enhance the quality of study designs, including sample size/statistical power strategies, selection of treatment groups, dose spacing, and temporal/repeat measures’ features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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81
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Zou X, Xiao X, He Y, Hu L, Hu C, Huang X. Hormetic effects of metal ions upon V. fischeri and the application of a new parameter for the quantitative assessment of hormesis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 322:454-460. [PMID: 27776852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is an intriguing phenomenon that is characterized by low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. Several traditional parameters, such as the concentration of the zero equivalent point (ZEP) and the maximal stimulatory effect (Ymax), have been used to characterize the zone of hormesis or the extent of the stimulatory effect. However, the characteristics of hormesis for chemicals cannot be quantified completely by one parameter, which is important to accurately compare the hormetic effects of chemicals and to describe the combined effects of chemical mixtures at low doses. In the present study, a novel parameter, termed the relative standard area of hormetic zone (HorAreaR), was developed and proposed to quantify the hormetic effects (24h exposure) of nine metal ions (Cr3+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cs+) towards Vibrio fischeri, both individually and as binary mixtures. The results indicate that HorAreaR can be used not only to accurately assess the hormetic effects and its relationship with structural characteristics but also to conveniently describe the combined effects of interactive mixtures at low dose. Thus, the HorAreaR parameter can quantitatively assess the hormetic effects and can offer a useful approach to perform environmental risk assessments of chemicals at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zou
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiao
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China.
| | - Yu He
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Lijun Hu
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Cui Hu
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, China
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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82
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Hormesis, cellular stress response and neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: Early onset versus late onset state. J Neurosci Res 2016; 95:1182-1193. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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83
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Mobile phone signal exposure triggers a hormesis-like effect in Atm +/+ and Atm -/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37423. [PMID: 27857169 PMCID: PMC5114646 DOI: 10.1038/srep37423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possible carcinogens to humans; however, this conclusion is based on limited epidemiological findings and lacks solid support from experimental studies. In particular, there are no consistent data regarding the genotoxicity of RF-EMFs. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is recognised as a chief guardian of genomic stability. To address the debate on whether RF-EMFs are genotoxic, we compared the effects of 1,800 MHz RF-EMF exposure on genomic DNA in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with proficient (Atm+/+) or deficient (Atm−/−) ATM. In Atm+/+ MEFs, RF-EMF exposure for 1 h at an average special absorption rate of 4.0 W/kg induced significant DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and activated the SSB repair mechanism. This effect reduced the DNA damage to less than that of the background level after 36 hours of exposure. In the Atm−/− MEFs, the same RF-EMF exposure for 12 h induced both SSBs and double-strand breaks and activated the two repair processes, which also reduced the DNA damage to less than the control level after prolonged exposure. The observed phenomenon is similar to the hormesis of a toxic substance at a low dose. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report a hormesis-like effect of an RF-EMF.
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84
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Mushak P. Temporal stability of chemical hormesis (CH): Is CH just a temporary stop on the road to thresholds and toxic responses? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:1446-1456. [PMID: 27396315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical hormesis (CH) is currently described as a nonmonotonic, bidirectional dose-response relationship for chemicals, where a stimulatory, (beneficial?) response at low dose or exposure is followed by an inhibitory response at higher doses/exposures (or vice-versa). CH is depicted as U(J)-shaped or inverse U(J)-shaped curves, i.e., curve slopes change sign. Some describe CH as a homeostasis-preserving response; others view CH as adaptive or (pre)conditioning responses to chemical stress. One aspect of CH and stress hormesis in general that has not been researched is its temporal stability, i.e., persistence, particularly in experimental animals and humans having long-term chemical stressing. Once maximized, does the CH response remain operative over the entire time of chemical exposure? One possible reason for the question's neglect is that temporal stability, e.g., 'steady-state hormesis,' has been assumed. Another is that CH temporality is not well understood or has been under-appreciated as to its importance. Available data, mainly for simpler biological systems, describe cases of transitory CH. Other examples, in human and experimental animal studies, show transitory existence of CH and, in some specialized cases, persisting CH. Also, certain disease state-induced hormetic responses are transitory over time in humans. The question requires resolution if CH is to be considered (i) a stable and beneficial or adverse response, (ii) a stable dose-response model competitive with stable threshold and linear, nonthreshold (LNT) dose-response models, and (iii) a model having any impact on, or role in, regulatory and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mushak
- PB Associates, 4036 Nottaway Road, Durham, NC, USA.
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85
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Zhou Q, Li F, Ge F, Liu N, Kuang Y. Nutrient removal by Chlorella vulgaris F1068 under cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide induced hormesis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19450-19460. [PMID: 27381355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxicants are generally harmful to biotechnology in wastewater treatment. However, trace toxicant can induce microbial hormesis, but to date, it is still unknown how this phenomenon affects nutrient removal during municipal wastewater treatment process. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of hormesis induced by cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), a representative quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant, on nutrient removal by Chlorella vulgaris F1068. Results showed that when the concentration of CTAB was less than 10 ng/L, the cellular components chlorophyll a, proteins, polysaccharides, and total lipids increased by 10.11, 58.17, 38.78, and 11.87 %, respectively, and some enzymes in nutrient metabolism of algal cells, such as glutamine synthetase (GS), acid phosphatase (ACP), H(+)-ATPase, and esterase, were also enhanced. As a result, the removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen (NH4 (+)) and total phosphorus (TP) increased by 14.66 and 8.51 %, respectively, compared to the control during a 7-day test period. The underlying mechanism was mainly due to an enhanced photosynthetic activity of C. vulgaris F1068 indicated by the increase in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (the value of Fv/Fm, ΦII, Fv/Fo, and rETR increased by 12.99, 7.56, 25.59, and 8.11 %, respectively) and adenylate energy charge (AEC) (from 0.68 to 0.72). These results suggest that hormesis induced by trace toxicants could enhance the nutrient removal, which would be further considered in the design of municipal wastewater treatment processes. Graphical abstract The schematic mechanism of C. vulgaris F1068 under CTAB induced hormesis. Green arrows ( ) represent the increase and the red arrow ( ) represents the decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Li
- Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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86
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Di YL, Cong ML, Zhang R, Zhu FX. Hormetic Effects of Trifloxystrobin on Aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:2113-2118. [PMID: 30682995 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-16-0403-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating ascomycete plant pathogen with an extremely wide host range. Fungicides are still the mainstay for control of this pathogen, and stimulations to mycelial growth and aggressiveness by subtoxic doses of fungicides carbendazim and dimethachlon have been reported. The present study assessed hormetic effects of the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide trifloxystrobin on aggressiveness of S. sclerotiorum. Trifloxystrobin at 0.0001, 0.0005, and 0.001 μg/ml exerted significant stimulatory effects on aggressiveness to potted rapeseed plants, and the highest percent stimulation were 20.5 and 24.2% for isolates HB15 and SX11, respectively. At 18 h postinoculation (HPI), initial necrotic lesions were visible to the naked eye on leaves treated with trifloxystrobin, whereas no obvious disease symptoms were discerned for the nontreated control. At 24, 36, and 48 HPI, aggressiveness stimulation was more obvious than at 18 HPI. Scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated that no mycelia were detected on the nontreated leaves at 4 HPI; by contrast, mycelia were observed on leaves treated with trifloxystrobin at 0.0001 μg/ml. At 8 and 12 HPI, there were more mycelia and infecting hyphae on the treated leaves than on the nontreated control. These results indicated that fungal stimulation had occurred in the first 4 and 8 HPI, suggesting that direct stimulation was likely to be the underlying mechanism for hormetic actions of trifloxystrobin. Pretreatment with trifloxystrobin did not significantly affect subsequent mycelial growth on PDA or aggressiveness to detached rapeseed leaves in the absence of trifloxystrobin. However, in the presence of trifloxystrobin, mycelial growth and aggressiveness were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for the pretreatment with trifloxystrobin at 0.003 and 0.03 μg/ml compared with the nonpretreatment control, indicating that a prior exposure to the fungicide may undermine its subsequent effectiveness. These studies will raise our awareness of fungicide hormesis and have important implications for judicious application of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Di
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Long Cong
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fu-Xing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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87
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Calabrese V, Giordano J, Signorile A, Laura Ontario M, Castorina S, De Pasquale C, Eckert G, Calabrese EJ. Major pathogenic mechanisms in vascular dementia: Roles of cellular stress response and hormesis in neuroprotection. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:1588-1603. [PMID: 27662637 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD), considered the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer disease in the elderly, involves the impairment of memory and cognitive function as a consequence of cerebrovascular disease. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathophysiological condition frequently occurring in VaD. It is generally associated with neurovascular degeneration, in which neuronal damage and blood-brain barrier alterations coexist and evoke beta-amyloid-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammasome- promoted neuroinflammation, which contribute to and exacerbate the course of disease. Vascular cognitive impairment comprises a heterogeneous group of cognitive disorders of various severity and types that share a presumed vascular etiology. The present study reviews major pathogenic factors involved in VaD, highlighting the relevance of cerebrocellular stress and hormetic responses to neurovascular insult, and addresses these mechanisms as potentially viable and valuable as foci of novel neuroprotective methods to mitigate or prevent VaD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology and Biochemistry and Neuroethics Studies Program, Pellegrino Center for Clinical Bioethics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Concetta De Pasquale
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Gunter Eckert
- Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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88
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Guo Z, Chen G, Zeng G, Huang Z, Chen A, Hu L, Wang J, Jiang L. Cysteine-induced hormesis effect of silver nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1268-1272. [PMID: 30090430 PMCID: PMC6061518 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00222f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is widely exploited, but their hormesis effect has, so far, received little attention. This study reports the hormesis effect at low AgNPs concentrations of 0.34 mg L-1, with a 29.9% increase in bacterial viability compared with the control. Cysteine can induce a hormesis effect at a higher concentration. 12.5 mg L-1 cysteine induced a hormesis effect in the AgNP concentration range of 1.7-5.1 mg L-1. Results suggest that this cysteine-induced hormesis effect is concentration-dependent; the concentration that make sulfuration rate (ns/nAg) of 6.15 shows strong excitation to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment , Hunan Agricultural University , Changsha 410128 , P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
| | - Longbo Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Hunan University , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China . ; ; ; Tel: +86 731 88822829
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University) , Ministry of Education , Changsha 410082 , P.R. China
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89
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Abstract
Many nations have shown mounting interest in a simple idea for the regulation of risk: In case of doubt, follow the precautionary principle (O'Riordan T, Cameron J eds. Interpreting the precautionary principle, 2002). Avoid steps that will create a risk of harm. Until safety is established, be cautious; do not require unambiguous evidence. In a catchphrase: Better safe than sorry.
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90
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Di YL, Lu XM, Zhu ZQ, Zhu FX. Time Course of Carbendazim Stimulation on Pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Indicates a Direct Stimulation Mechanism. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:1454-1459. [PMID: 30686209 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-15-1349-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that subtoxic doses of carbendazim have a stimulatory effect on pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on rapeseed plants. The present study focused on the time-course profile of the stimulatory effect and its relevance to stimulation mechanisms. At 12 h postinoculation (HPI), initial necrotic lesions were visible only for rapeseed leaves treated with carbendazim at 0.2 and 1 μg/ml, whereas no disease symptoms were observed for the nontreated control. At 18 HPI, carbendazim stimulation on pathogenicity was more obvious than at 12 HPI. Study with scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that no discernable differences in the development of disease symptoms could be detected at 8 HPI. However, at 12 HPI, necrotic symptoms of the epidermal cells were apparent only for leaves sprayed with carbendazim. These results indicated that stimulations on pathogenicity occurred in the first 12 h, implying that direct stimulation rather than overcompensation to the disruption of homeostasis was likely to be the underlying mechanism for pathogenicity stimulation. Greenhouse experiments showed that spraying carbendazim at 400 μg/ml on potted rapeseed plants had statistically significant (P < 0.05) stimulations on pathogenicity for inoculations at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after application (DAA). The stimulation action eventually disappeared for inoculations at 14 DAA. Mycelia grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with carbendazim at 400 μg/ml were more pathogenic than the nontreated control. However, after additional growth of the mycelia on fungicide-free PDA for 2 days, the stimulatory effect disappeared completely, indicating that carbendazim was indispensable for pathogenicity stimulations. Studies on biochemical mechanisms indicated that cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as cellulase, pectinase, and polygalacturonase were not involved in pathogenicity stimulations. These results will advance our understanding of the nature and mechanisms of fungicide stimulation on fungal pathogenicity and, thus, are valuable for judicious applications of fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Di
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Lu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zu-Qing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fu-Xing Zhu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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91
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WU Y, WANG Y, DU J, WANG Z, WU Q. Effects of yttrium under lead stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Microcystis aeruginosa. J RARE EARTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(16)60089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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92
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Guo Z, Chen G, Liu L, Zeng G, Huang Z, Chen A, Hu L. Activity Variation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium under Nanosilver Exposure by Controlling of Different Sulfide Sources. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20813. [PMID: 26864597 PMCID: PMC4749979 DOI: 10.1038/srep20813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the particular activation and inhibition behavior of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on microbes at various concentrations, it’s crucial to exploit the special concentration effect in environment. Here, we studied the viability variation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium) under exposure to citrate-coated AgNPs (Citrate-AgNPs) in the presence of different sulfide sources (an inorganic sulfide, NaHS and an organic sulfide, thioacetamide (TAA)). The results indicated that both NaHS and TAA can promote activation of P. chrysosporium by Citrate-AgNPs at a higher concentration, which was initial at toxic level. Treatment with various concentrations of Citrate-AgNPs (0–9 mg/L) demonstrated a maximum activation concentration (MAC) at 3 mg/L. With the increase in sulfide concentration, MAC transferred to higher concentration significantly, indicating the obvious “toxicity to activation” transformation at a higher concentration. Ag+ testing exhibited that variations in sulfide-induced Ag+ concentration (3−7 μg/L Ag+) accounted for the “toxicity to activation” transformation. In addition, the similar results were observed on antibacterial application using Escherichia coli as the model species. Based on the research results, the application of this transformation in improving antibacterial activity was proposed. Therefore, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs can be controlled, even at concentration, via adjusting for the sulfide concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, P.R. China
| | - Liang Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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93
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Calabrese EJ, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Iavicoli I, Calabrese V. HORMESIS: A Fundamental Concept with Widespread Biological and Biomedical Applications. Gerontology 2015; 62:530-5. [DOI: 10.1159/000441520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormesis is a biphasic dose response with specific quantitative features for the amplitude and width of the stimulation. It is highly generalizable and independent of biological model, endpoint, inducing agent, level of biological organization and mechanism. Hormesis may be induced via a direct stimulation or by overcompensation to a disruption of homeostasis. The induction of hormesis by low-level stressor agents not only rapidly upregulates adaptive processes to repair damage but also protects the adapted system from damage due to a subsequent challenging dose (toxic) within a definable temporal window. The striking consistency of the amplitude of hormetic response suggests that hormesis provides a quantitative description of biological plasticity. Knowledge of hormesis has particular potential biomedical significance with respect to slowing or retarding both normal aging processes and the progression of severe neurological diseases.
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94
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What is hormesis and its relevance to healthy aging and longevity? Biogerontology 2015; 16:693-707. [PMID: 26349923 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a broad overview of hormesis, a specific type of biphasic dose response, its historical and scientific foundations as well as its biomedical applications, especially with respect to aging. Hormesis is a fundamental component of adaptability, neutralizing many endogenous and environmental challenges by toxic agents, thereby enhancing survival. Hormesis is highly conserved, broadly generalizable, and pleiotrophic, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, inducing agent, level of biological organization and mechanism. The low dose stimulatory hormetic response has specific characteristics which defines both the quantitative features of biological plasticity and the potential for maximum biological performance, thereby estimating the limits to which numerous medical and pharmacological interventions may affect humans. The substantial degrading of some hormetic processes in the aged may profoundly reduce the capacity to respond effectively to numerous environmental/ischemic and other stressors leading to compromised health, disease and, ultimately, defining the bounds of longevity.
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95
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Chen B, Li F, Liu N, Ge F, Xiao H, Yang Y. Role of extracellular polymeric substances from Chlorella vulgaris in the removal of ammonium and orthophosphate under the stress of cadmium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:299-306. [PMID: 25965255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between the soluble extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS), bound EPS (B-EPS) of algae and heavy metal, would affect the removal of ammonium (NH4(+)-N) and orthophosphate (PO4(3-)-P) from wastewater by algae-based techniques. This study investigated the role of Cd(2+)-mediated EPS from Chlorella vulgaris on NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P removal. The results showed that the removal efficiencies of NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P still separately remained 62.6% and 64.9% under 1.0mg/L Cd(2+), compared to those without Cd(2+), mainly attributing to enhanced S-EPS and B-EPS contents of the algae. The increased of PS (polysaccharides) and PN (proteins, e.g., tryptophan-like and tyrosine-like components) led to accelerated interactions of Cd(2+) with PS and PN in EPS fractions, especially for B-EPS, due to a higher detected distribution of Cd(2+) (e.g., about 55.4% in B-EPS). Thus, algae-based techniques are stable treatment methods for wastewater in which NH4(+)-N and PO4(3-)-P coexist with heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Huaixian Xiao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; Heavy Metal Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Ordinary Higher College in Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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96
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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97
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis within a mechanistic context. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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98
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Seed TM, Inal CE, Singh VK. Radioprotection of hematopoietic progenitors by low dose amifostine prophylaxis. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:594-604. [PMID: 24597748 PMCID: PMC4133974 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.899450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Amifostine is a highly efficacious cytoprotectant when administered in vivo at high doses. However, at elevated doses, drug toxicity manifests for general, non-clinical radioprotective purposes. Various strategies have been developed to avoid toxic side-effects: The simplest is reducing the dose. In terms of protecting hematopoietic tissues, where does this effective, non-toxic minimum dose lie? Material and methods C3H/HEN mice were administered varying doses of amifostine (25–100 mg/kg) 30 min prior to cobalt-60 irradiation and euthanized between 4–14 days for blood and bone marrow collection and analyses. Results Under steady-state, amifostine had little effect on bipotential and multi-potential marrow progenitors but marginally suppressed a more primitive, lineage negative progenitor subpopulation. In irradiated animals, prophylactic drug doses greater than 50 mg/kg resulted in significant regeneration of bipotential progenitors, moderate regeneration of multipotential progenitors, but no significant and consistent regeneration of more primitive progenitors. The low amifostine dose (25 mg/kg) failed to elicit consistent and positive, radioprotective actions on any of the progenitor subtypes. Conclusions Radioprotective doses for amifostine appear to lie between 25 and 50 mg/kg. Mature, lineage-restricted progenitors appear to be more responsive to the protective effects of low doses of amifostine than the more primitive, multipotential progenitors.
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99
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Calabrese EJ. Biphasic dose responses in biology, toxicology and medicine: accounting for their generalizability and quantitative features. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 182:452-460. [PMID: 23992683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The most common quantitative feature of the hormetic-biphasic dose response is its modest stimulatory response which at maximum is only 30-60% greater than control values, an observation that is consistently independent of biological model, level of organization (i.e., cell, organ or individual), endpoint measured, chemical/physical agent studied, or mechanism. This quantitative feature suggests an underlying "upstream" mechanism common across biological systems, therefore basic and general. Hormetic dose response relationships represent an estimate of the peak performance of integrative biological processes that are allometrically based. Hormetic responses reflect both direct stimulatory or overcompensation responses to damage induced by relatively low doses of chemical or physical agents. The integration of the hormetic dose response within an allometric framework provides, for the first time, an explanation for both the generality and the quantitative features of the hormetic dose response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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100
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Zhang J, Liu SS, Yu ZY, Liu HL, Zhang J. The time-dependent hormetic effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and their mixtures on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp. -Q67. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 258-259:70-76. [PMID: 23721728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The hormetic effects of ionic liquids (ILs) were paid more ecological attentions. However, the time-dependent hormetic effects of ILs and their mixtures remained to be studied. In this paper, the time-dependent toxicities of five single ILs, 1-ethyl-, 1-butyl-, 1-hexyl-, 1-octyl-, and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorides (named as [C2mim]Cl, [C4mim]Cl, [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl, and [C12mim]Cl, respectively), and their five-component mixtures to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 were determined at five exposure time points. For single ILs, [C2mim]Cl displayed significant hormetic effects at 2, 4, 8, and 12h; and [C4mim]Cl exhibited significant hormetic effects at 4, 8 and 12h; while [C6mim]Cl, [C8mim]Cl and [C12mim]Cl have not significant hormetic effects. At the same time point, the longer the side chain is, the larger the inhibition at high concentration is, and the less the stimulation at low concentration is. Meanwhile, the maximum stimulation effects were found between 4 and 8h. All six IL mixtures designed by uniform design ray showed significant hormetic effects at 8 and 12h. By means of the variable selection and modeling method based on the prediction (VSMP), it was found that the higher the concentration of [C2mim]Cl is, the stronger the mixture hormetic effect is and the higher the concentration of [C12mim]Cl is, the weaker the hormetic effect is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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