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Macrophages-the immune effector guardians of the lung: impact of corticosteroids on their functional responses. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1631-1635. [PMID: 32608490 PMCID: PMC7330501 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lung macrophages (LMs) are key immune effector cells that protect the lung from inhaled particulate matter, noxious gases and pathogens. In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), there is an abundance of macrophages in airspaces and lung tissues suggesting that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, macrophage phenotype and functional properties are altered in COPD toward a more pro-inflammatory state, characterized by reduced pathogen recognition and processing ability and dysfunctional tissue repair qualities. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs), used in the management of COPD, has been shown to reduce acute exacerbations of COPD but is also associated with increased occurrence of pneumonia. Corticosteroids treatment altered LM phenotypic characteristics and their functional properties, and this commentary discusses current knowledge and also the gaps in our understanding of the impact of ICS on LMs phenotype and function. A better understanding of how ICSs impact the immune-inflammatory responses in the lung, in particular ICSs’ effects on LMs, could allow more selective personalized tailoring of the use of ICSs in COPD to improve disease progression, morbidity and mortality.
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52
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Panati K, Thimmana LV, Narala VR. Electrophilic nitrated fatty acids are potential therapeutic candidates for inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases. Nitric Oxide 2020; 102:28-38. [PMID: 32574817 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Several types of exposures can cause acute or chronic inflammatory reactions in the lungs often leading to asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute lung injury, lung cancer, and other deleterious health outcomes. Current therapy, with inhaled or oral glucocorticoids, successfully targets inflammation but also produces adverse effects that limit their enthusiastic use. Accordingly, the need remains for interventions that are safer and more effective. Nitrated fatty acids (NFAs) are highly electrophilic and are produced endogenously by non-enzymatic reactions of nitric oxide with conjugated unsaturated fatty acids. The literature indicates that NFAs are detected in humans at the nanomolar range and are produced more robustly under inflammatory conditions. Recent studies on novel NFAs report antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antifibrotic effects, while also acting as partial agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, these functions of NFAs occur via reversible electrophilic alkylation of cysteine residues and regulation of antiinflammatory, antioxidant signaling through modulation of transcription factors, including nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), PPAR-γ, and NF-κB. Here, we review and update the role of NFA signaling mechanisms and their therapeutic potential in various lung diseases. As NFAs display strong electrophilic interaction with multimechanistic pathways, they can be considered promising drug candidates for challenging lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Panati
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College for Men, Kadapa, A.P, India
| | - Lokesh V Thimmana
- Department of Zoology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516 005, A.P, India
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53
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The role of miR-155 in cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation and COPD. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:423-436. [PMID: 31819170 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a highly prevalent respiratory disease characterized by airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. MiR-155 is described as an ancient regulator of the immune system. Our objective was to establish a role for miR-155 in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced inflammation and COPD. We demonstrate increased miR-155 expression by RT-qPCR in lung tissue of smokers without airflow limitation and patients with COPD compared to never smokers and in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages of CS-exposed mice compared to air-exposed mice. In addition, we exposed wild type and miR-155 deficient mice to CS and show an attenuated inflammatory profile in the latter. Alveolar macrophages were sorted by FACS from the different experimental groups and their gene expression profile was analyzed by RNA sequencing. This analysis revealed increased expression of miR-155 targets and an attenuation of the CS-induced increase in inflammation-related genes in miR-155 deficient mice. Moreover, intranasal instillation of a specific miR-155 inhibitor attenuated the CS-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. Finally, elastase-induced emphysema and lung functional changes were significantly attenuated in miR-155 deficient mice. In conclusion, we highlight a role for miR-155 in CS-induced inflammation and the pathogenesis of COPD, implicating miR-155 as a new therapeutic target in COPD.
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Guan X, Yuan Y, Wang G, Zheng R, Zhang J, Dong B, Ran N, Hsu ACY, Wang C, Wang F. Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates acute exacerbation of COPD by suppressing neutrophil migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106449. [PMID: 32278128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is an irreversible inflammatory airways disease responsible for global health burden, involved with a complex condition of immunological change. Exacerbation-mediated neutrophilia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced AECOPD. Ginsenoside Rg3, a red-ginseng-derived compound, has multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Here, we investigated a protective role of Rg3 against AECOPD, focusing on neutrophilia. 14-week-cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and non-typeable Haemophilus inflenzae (NTHi) infection were used to establish the AECOPD murine model. Rg3 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically from the 12th week of CS exposure before infection, and this led to improved lung function and lung morphology, and reduced neutrophilic inflammation, indicating a suppressive effect on neutrophil infiltration by Rg3. Further investigations on the mechanism of Rg3 on neutrophils were carried out using bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) and neutrophil co-culture and transepithelial migration model. Pre-treatment of neutrophils with Rg3 reduced neutrophil migration, which seemed to be the result of inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinases (PI3K) activation within neutrophils. Thus, Rg3 could inhibit exacerbation-induced neutrophilia in COPD by negatively regulating PI3K activities in neutrophils. This study provides a potential natural drug against AECOPD neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewa Guan
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuze Yuan
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Invasive Technology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Nan Ran
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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55
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Lung Macrophage Functional Properties in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030853. [PMID: 32013028 PMCID: PMC7037150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is caused by the chronic exposure of the lungs to toxic particles and gases. These exposures initiate a persistent innate and adaptive immune inflammatory response in the airways and lung tissues. Lung macrophages (LMs) are key innate immune effector cells that identify, engulf, and destroy pathogens and process inhaled particles, including cigarette smoke and particulate matter (PM), the main environmental triggers for COPD. The number of LMs in lung tissues and airspaces is increased in COPD, suggesting a potential key role for LMs in initiating and perpetuating the chronic inflammatory response that underpins the progressive nature of COPD. The purpose of this brief review is to discuss the origins of LMs, their functional properties (chemotaxis, recruitment, mediator production, phagocytosis and apoptosis) and changes in these properties due to exposure to cigarette smoke, ambient particulate and pathogens, as well as their persistent altered functional properties in subjects with established COPD. We also explore the potential to therapeutically modulate and restore LMs functional properties, to improve impaired immune system, prevent the progression of lung tissue destruction, and improve both morbidity and mortality related to COPD.
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56
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Bu T, Wang LF, Yin YQ. How Do Innate Immune Cells Contribute to Airway Remodeling in COPD Progression? Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:107-116. [PMID: 32021149 PMCID: PMC6966950 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s235054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the therapeutic potential of immune-modulation during the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been attracting increasing interest. However, chronic inflammatory response has been over-simplified in descriptions of the mechanism of COPD progression. As a form of first-line airway defense, epithelial cells exhibit phenotypic alteration, and participate in epithelial layer disorganization, mucus hypersecretion, and extracellular matrix deposition. Dendritic cells (DCs) exhibit attenuated antigen-presenting capacity in patients with advanced COPD. Immature DCs migrate into small airways, where they promote a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and bacterial colonization. In response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in lung tissue affected by COPD, neutrophils are excessively recruited and activated, where they promote a proteolytic microenvironment and fibrotic repair in small airways. Macrophages exhibit decreased phagocytosis in the large airways, while they demonstrate high pro-inflammatory potential in the small airways, and mediate alveolar destruction and chronic airway inflammation. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, eosinophils, and mast cells also play supplementary roles in COPD progression; however, their cellular activities are not yet entirely clear. Overall, during COPD progression, “exhausted” innate immune responses can be observed in the large airways. On the other hand, the innate immune response is enhanced in the small airways. Approaches that inhibit the inflammatory cascade, chemotaxis, or the activation of inflammatory cells could possibly delay the progression of airway remodeling in COPD, and may thus have potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegeleqi Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qing Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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57
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Kurian N, Cohen TS, Öberg L, De Zan E, Skogberg G, Vollmer S, Baturcam E, Svanberg P, Bonn B, Smith PD, Vaarala O, Cunoosamy DM. Dual Role For A MEK Inhibitor As A Modulator Of Inflammation And Host Defense Mechanisms With Potential Therapeutic Application In COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2611-2624. [PMID: 32063702 PMCID: PMC6885002 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s211619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Unlike p38 mitogen-activated protein Kinases (MAPK) that has been extensively studied in the context of lung-associated pathologies in COPD, the role of the dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK1/2) or its downstream signaling molecule extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in COPD is poorly understood. Objectives The aim of this study was to address whether MEK1/2 pathway activation is linked to COPD and that targeting this pathway can improve lung inflammation through decreased immune-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising bacterial clearance. Methods Association of MEK1/2 pathway activation to COPD was investigated by immunohistochemistry using lung tissue biopsies from COPD and healthy individuals and through analysis of sputum gene expression data from COPD patients. The anti-inflammatory effect of MEK1/2 inhibition was assessed on cytokine release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages. The effect of MEK1/2 inhibition on bacterial clearance was assessed using Staphylococcus aureus killing assays with RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and human neutrophils. Results We report here MEK1/2 pathway activation demonstrated by increased pERK1/2 staining in bronchial epithelium and by the presence of MEK gene activation signature in sputum samples from COPD patients. Inhibition of MEK1/2 resulted in a superior anti-inflammatory effect in human alveolar macrophages in comparison to a p38 inhibitor. Furthermore, MEK1/2 inhibition led to an increase in bacterial killing in human neutrophils and RAW 264.7 cells that was not observed with the p38 inhibitor. Conclusion Our data demonstrate the activation of MEK1/2 pathway in COPD and highlight a dual function of MEK1/2 inhibition in improving host defense responses whilst also controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Kurian
- Respiratory Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA) Precision Medicine Unit, Precision Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Öberg
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erica De Zan
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel Skogberg
- Bioscience, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Vollmer
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Engin Baturcam
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petter Svanberg
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britta Bonn
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paul D Smith
- Bioscience, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Danen M Cunoosamy
- Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, RIA, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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58
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Beyeler S, Steiner S, Wotzkow C, Tschanz SA, Adhanom Sengal A, Wick P, Haenni B, Alves MP, von Garnier C, Blank F. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes activate and shift polarization of pulmonary macrophages and dendritic cells in an in vivo model of chronic obstructive lung disease. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:77-96. [PMID: 31556347 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1663954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With substantial progress of nanotechnology, there is rising concern about possible adverse health effects related to inhalation of nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In particular, individuals with chronic respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may potentially be more susceptible to adverse health effects related to inhaled MWCNT. Hazard assessment of such inhaled nanomaterials therefore requires timely clarification. This was assessed in this study using a mouse model of COPD by exposing animals to 0.08 µg/cm2 of MWCNT administered by intratracheal instillation. Treatment with MWCNT induced an accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AMφ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in COPD mice that increased from 24 h to 7 d. In COPD mice, MWCNT induced a dynamic shift in macrophage polarization as measured by expression of CD38 and CD206, and increased AMφ and lung parenchyma macrophage (LPMΦ) activation with upregulation of co-stimulatory markers CD40 and CD80. Moreover, MWCNT treatment increased the frequencies of pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to an expansion of the CD11b+CD103- DC subset. Although MWCNT did not trigger lung functional or structural changes, they induced an increased expression of the muc5AC transcript in mice with COPD. Our data provide initial evidence that inhaled MWCNT affect the pulmonary mucosal immune system by altering the numbers, phenotype, and activation status of antigen-presenting cell populations. Extrapolating these in vivo mouse findings to human pulmonary MWCNT exposure, caution is warranted in limiting exposure when handling inhalable nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Beyeler
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selina Steiner
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Wotzkow
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Amanuel Adhanom Sengal
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beat Haenni
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco P Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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59
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Halper-Stromberg E, Yun JH, Parker MM, Singer RT, Gaggar A, Silverman EK, Leach S, Bowler RP, Castaldi PJ. Systemic Markers of Adaptive and Innate Immunity Are Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Severity and Spirometric Disease Progression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:500-509. [PMID: 29206476 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0373oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with marked alterations in circulating immune cell populations, but no studies have characterized alterations in these cell types across the full spectrum of lung function impairment in current and former smokers. In 6,299 subjects from the COPDGene and ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) studies, we related Coulter blood counts and proportions to cross-sectional forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), adjusting for current smoking status. We also related cell count measures to 3-year change in FEV1 in ECLIPSE subjects. In a subset of subjects with blood gene expression data, we used cell type deconvolution methods to infer the proportions of immune cell subpopulations, and we related these to COPD clinical status. We observed that FEV1 levels are positively correlated with lymphocytes and negatively correlated with myeloid populations, such as neutrophils and monocytes. In multivariate models, absolute cell counts and proportions were associated with cross-sectional FEV1, and lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophil counts were predictive of 3-year change in lung function. Using cell type deconvolution to study immune cell subpopulations, we observed that subjects with COPD had a lower proportion of CD4+ resting memory cells and naive B cells compared with smokers without COPD. Alterations in circulating immune cells in COPD support a mixed pattern of lymphocyte suppression and an enhanced myeloid cell immune response. Cell counts and proportions contribute independent information to models predicting lung function, suggesting a critical role for immune response in long-term COPD outcomes. Cell type deconvolution is a promising method for immunophenotyping in large cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Halper-Stromberg
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jeong H Yun
- 3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Margaret M Parker
- 3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amit Gaggar
- 6 Division of Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- 3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,4 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Russell P Bowler
- 1 University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,2 National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- 3 Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,7 Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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60
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Chen X, Dong T, Wei X, Yang Z, Matos Pires NM, Ren J, Jiang Z. Electrochemical methods for detection of biomarkers of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in serum and saliva. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111453. [PMID: 31295711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of death nowadays, and its underdiagnosis is still a great challenge. More effective diagnosis method is in urgent need since the traditional spirometry has many limitations in the practical application. The electrochemical (EC) detection methods have their unique advantages of high accuracy, short response time and easy integration of the system. In this review, recent works on the EC methods for COPD biomarkers including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are summarized. Five types of EC methods are highlighted in this study, as enzyme-labelled immunosensors, nanoparticle-labelled immunosensors, capacitive or impedimetric immunosensors, magnetoimmunosensors, and field effect transistor (FET) immunosensors. To date, EC immunosensors have been exhibiting high analytical performance with a detection limit that can achieve several pg/mL or even lower. The simplicity of EC immunosensors makes them a perfect solution for a future point-of-care device to use in settings for COPD diagnosis and follow-up. Nevertheless, more efforts need to be paid on the simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, a demand for the clinical diagnosis, and processes of assay simplification towards achieving one-step detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Tao Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China; Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603, Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Miguel Matos Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Juan Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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61
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Kohler JB, Cervilha DADB, Riani Moreira A, Santana FR, Farias TM, Alonso Vale MIC, Martins MDA, Prado CM, Tibério IC, Ito JT, Lopes FDTQDS. Microenvironmental stimuli induce different macrophage polarizations in experimental models of emphysema. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040808. [PMID: 30971412 PMCID: PMC6504010 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in the development of emphysema and depending on the microenvironment stimuli can be polarized into M1- or M2-like macrophage phenotypes. We compared macrophage polarizations in cigarette smoke (CS)- and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema models. C57BL/6 mice were subdivided into four experimental groups. In the PPE group, animals received an intranasal instillation of PPE (0.677 IU); in the saline group, animals received an intranasal instillation of saline (0.9%). Animals from both groups were euthanized on day 28. In the CS group, animals were exposed to CS for 30 min, twice a day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. In the control group, animals received filtered air. We observed an increase in total macrophages for both experimental models. For M1-like macrophage markers, we observed an increase in TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+ cells, Cxcl-9 and Cxcl-10 expressions in PPE and CS groups. Only in the CS group, we detected an increased expression of IL-12b For M2-like macrophages markers we observed a down regulation in IL-10, IL-4, IL-13, Arg1 and Fizz1 and an increase of TGF-β+ cells in the PPE group, while for the CS group there was an increase in TGF-β+ cells and IL-10 expression. All exposure groups were compared to their respective controls. In summary, we demonstrated that CS- and PPE-induced models resulted in different microenvironmental stimuli. CS exposure induced an environmental stimulus related to M1- and M2-like macrophage phenotypes similar to previous results described in COPD patients, whereas the elastase-induced model provided an environmental stimulus related only to the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Benini Kohler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Daniela Aparecida de Brito Cervilha
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Alyne Riani Moreira
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Talita M Farias
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema 09961-400, Brazil
| | | | - Milton de Arruda Martins
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Calvo Tibério
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
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Dharwal V, Sandhir R, Naura AS. PARP-1 inhibition provides protection against elastase-induced emphysema by mitigating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 457:41-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Knobloch J, Panek S, Yanik SD, Jamal Jameel K, Bendella Z, Jungck D, Bürger P, Bülthoff E, Struck B, Giannakis N, Rupp J, Kronsbein J, Peters M, Koch A. The monocyte-dependent immune response to bacteria is suppressed in smoking-induced COPD. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:817-828. [PMID: 30929031 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
COPD patients have an increased susceptibility to bacterial airway infections that can induce exacerbations. In response to infections, circulating monocytes become recruited to the infected tissue and secrete cytokines. We hypothesized that this cytokine response is reduced in COPD. Cultured peripheral blood monocytes of never smokers (NS) and smokers without (S) and with COPD (3 study populations, n = 36-37) were stimulated with extracts of Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pneumoniae or with four different pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Four cytokines and 9 PAMP-related signaling molecules were measured and compared between the groups. Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating-factor responses to all stimulants were reduced in S and COPD compared to NS. Tumor-necrosis-factor-α responses to all bacterial extracts, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide were reduced in S and/or COPD. Interleukin-10 responses to S. aureus and lipoteichoic acid were increased in COPD. Correlations to pack-years and lung function were found. The peptidoglycan-receptor NOD2 and the mRNA of the lipopolysaccharide-receptor TLR4 were reduced in S and COPD. Cytokine responses of monocytes to bacteria are suppressed by smoking and in COPD possibly due to NOD2 and TLR4 reduction and/or interleukin-10 increase. This might help to explain the increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. These systemic molecular pathologies might be targets for therapeutic strategies to prevent infection-induced exacerbations. KEY MESSAGES: COPD subjects have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections. This implies defects in the immune response to bacteria and is critical for disease progression. The cytokine response of monocytes to bacteria is reduced in COPD. This might be due to a reduced NOD2 and TLR4 and an increased IL-10 expression. This can explain the increased susceptibility to infections and help to identify drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knobloch
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Susanne Panek
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Derya Yanik
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kaschin Jamal Jameel
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zeynep Bendella
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - David Jungck
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Pneumology, Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Bethel Teaching Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Bürger
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Bülthoff
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Birte Struck
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Giannakis
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Juliane Kronsbein
- Medical Clinic III for Pneumology, Allergology, Sleep- and Respiratory Medicine, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bürkle-de-la-Camp-Platz 1, 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Medical Clinic V, Ludwig-Maximilians-University LMU, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
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Leng D, Kissi EO, Löbmann K, Thanki K, Fattal E, Rades T, Foged C, Yang M. Design of Inhalable Solid Dosage Forms of Budesonide and Theophylline for Pulmonary Combination Therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:137. [PMID: 30847607 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid resistance poses a major challenge to effective treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. However, corticosteroid resistance can be overcome by co-administration of theophylline. The aim of this study was to formulate the corticosteroid budesonide with theophylline into inhalable dry powders intended for pulmonary combination therapy. Four types of spray-dried powders were prepared: (i) budesonide and theophylline co-dissolved and processed using a 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, (ii) budesonide nanocrystals and dissolved theophylline co-dispersed and processed using a 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, (iii) dissolved budesonide and dissolved theophylline processed using a 3-fluid nozzle spray drier, and (iv) budesonide nanocrystals and dissolved theophylline processed using a 3-fluid nozzle spray drier. Spray drying from the solutions resulted in co-amorphous (i) and partially amorphous powders (iii), whereas spray drying of the nanosuspensions resulted in crystalline products (ii and iv). Even though budesonide was amorphous in (i) and (iii), it failed to exhibit any dissolution advantage over the unprocessed budesonide. In contrast, the dissolution of budesonide from its nanocrystalline formulations, i.e., (ii) and (iv), was significantly higher compared to a physical mixture or unprocessed budesonide. Furthermore, the spray-dried powders obtained from the 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (i) and (ii), exhibited co-deposition of budesonide and theophylline at the same weight ratio in the aerodynamic assessment using the New Generation Impactor. In contrast, the depositions of budesonide and theophylline deviated from the starting weight ratio in the aerodynamic assessment of spray-dried powders obtained from the 3-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (iii) and (iv). Based on these results, the powders spray-dried from the suspension by using the 2-fluid nozzle spray drier, i.e., (ii), offered the best formulation properties given the physically stable crystalline solid-state properties and the co-deposition profile.
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Stolk J, Aggarwal N, Hochnadel I, Wrenger S, Martinez-Delgado B, Welte T, Yevsa T, Janciauskiene S. Blood monocyte profiles in COPD patients with PiMM and PiZZ α1-antitrypsin. Respir Med 2019; 148:60-62. [PMID: 30827477 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human blood monocytes are divided into populations based on the differential expression of CD14 and CD16 receptors: CD14 + CD16(classical), CD14 + CD16 + (intermediate), and CD14-CD16+ (non-classical). Given their functional differences and their role in pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), monocyte profiling is of clinical interest. Here we investigated blood monocyte subsets in clinically stable COPD patients with alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (PiZZ, n = 7) and with normal AAT variant (PiMM, n = 7). Peripheral whole blood was collected in sodium heparin tubes and incubated with LPS (from E. coli; 1 μg/ml) or placebo for 6 h at 37 °C, 5% CO2. To profile monocyte subsets we performed flow cytometry analysis based on HLA-DR and CD14/CD16 staining. HLA-DR + subsets of cells did not differ between PiZZ and PiMM COPD, and healthy controls (n = 7), used as a reference. Monocyte profiling, which express the CD14 and CD16, but not the HLA-DR (HLA-DR-) showed that intermediate monocytes subset was lowest in PiZZ group, and almost totally disappeared from blood treated with LPS. The non-classical subset was almost absent in PiZZ patients independently of LPS treatment. Recent studies demonstrate that non-classical monocytes exhibit a unique ability to protect the vascular endothelium under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions whereas intermediate monocytes are recruited at a later stage of inflammation, and are associated with secretion of cytokines/chemokines and wound healing. Evident alterations in blood monocyte subsets together with a partial reduction of AAT levels, an important anti-inflammatory protein, can be key factors for the early manifestation of emphysema in some PiZZ AATD carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - N Aggarwal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - I Hochnadel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Wrenger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - B Martinez-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Madrid, Spain
| | - T Welte
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - T Yevsa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - S Janciauskiene
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Biomedical Research in End-stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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Eriksson Ström J, Pourazar J, Linder R, Blomberg A, Lindberg A, Bucht A, Behndig AF. Cytotoxic lymphocytes in COPD airways: increased NK cells associated with disease, iNKT and NKT-like cells with current smoking. Respir Res 2018; 19:244. [PMID: 30526599 PMCID: PMC6286566 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytotoxic lymphocytes are increased in the airways of COPD patients. Whether this increase is driven primarily by the disease or by smoking is not clear, nor whether it correlates with the rate of decline in lung function. METHODS Bronchoscopy with BAL was performed in 52 subjects recruited from the longitudinal OLIN COPD study according to pre-determined criteria; 12 with COPD and a rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≥ 60 ml/year), 10 with COPD and a non-rapid decline in lung function (loss of FEV1 ≤ 30 ml/year), 15 current and ex-smokers and 15 non-smokers with normal lung function. BAL lymphocyte subsets were determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS In BAL fluid, the proportions of NK, iNKT and NKT-like cells all increased with pack-years. Within the COPD group, NK cells - but not iNKT or NKT-like cells - were significantly elevated also in subjects that had quit smoking. In contrast, current smoking was associated with a marked increase in iNKT and NKT-like cells but not in NK cells. Rate of lung function decline did not significantly affect any of the results. CONCLUSIONS In summary, increased proportions of NK cells in BAL fluid were associated with COPD; iNKT and NKT-like cells with current smoking but not with COPD. Interestingly, NK cell percentages did not normalize in COPD subjects that had quit smoking, indicating that these cells might play a role in the continued disease progression seen in COPD even after smoking cessation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02729220 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eriksson Ström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robert Linder
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Lindberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Bucht
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of CBRN Defence and Security, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annelie F Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
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Yang B, Guo J, Xiao C. Effect of PM2.5 environmental pollution on rat lung. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36136-36146. [PMID: 30357727 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3492-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) is a continuing challenge to pulmonary health. Here, we investigated the mechanisms involved in PM2.5 exposure-induced acute lung injury in rats. We analyzed biochemical and morphological changes following a 2-week "real-world" exposure. And then we found that PM2.5 exposure increased the concentrations of total protein, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and soluble elastin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, levels of cytokines in blood, and expression of MMP-9 in airways. Further, alveolar macrophage and neutrophil counts increased following PM2.5 exposure, and edema and lung lesions were observed. Our results suggest that PM2.5 exposure can induce oxidative stress and acute inflammatory responses, which can damage the micro-environment and decrease the repair ability of the lung, resulting in tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Guo
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunling Xiao
- Key Lab of Environmental Pollution and Microecology of Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146, Huanghe North Street, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Polverino F, Rojas-Quintero J, Wang X, Petersen H, Zhang L, Gai X, Higham A, Zhang D, Gupta K, Rout A, Yambayev I, Pinto-Plata V, Sholl LM, Cunoosamy D, Celli BR, Goldring J, Singh D, Tesfaigzi Y, Wedzicha J, Olsson H, Owen CA. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain-8: A Novel Protective Proteinase in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1254-1267. [PMID: 29750543 PMCID: PMC6290938 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201707-1331oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE ADAM8 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8) is expressed by leukocytes and epithelial cells in health, but its contribution to the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. OBJECTIVES To determine whether the expression of ADAM8 is increased in the lungs of patients with COPD and cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice, and whether ADAM8 promotes the development of COPD. METHODS ADAM8 levels were measured in lung, sputum, plasma, and/or BAL fluid samples from patients with COPD, smokers, and nonsmokers, and wild-type (WT) mice exposed to CS versus air. COPD-like lung pathologies were compared in CS-exposed WT versus Adam8-/- mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS ADAM8 immunostaining was reduced in macrophages, and alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in the lungs of patients with COPD versus control subjects, and CS- versus air-exposed WT mice. ADAM8 levels were similar in plasma, sputum, and BAL fluid samples from patients with COPD and control subjects. CS-exposed Adam8-/- mice had greater airspace enlargement and airway mucus cell metaplasia than WT mice, but similar small airway fibrosis. CS-exposed Adam8-/- mice had higher lung macrophage counts, oxidative stress levels, and alveolar septal cell death rates, but lower alveolar septal cell proliferation rates and soluble epidermal growth factor receptor BAL fluid levels than WT mice. Adam8 deficiency increased lung inflammation by reducing CS-induced activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in macrophages. Human ADAM8 proteolytically shed the epidermal growth factor receptor from bronchial epithelial cells to reduce mucin expression in vitro. Adam8 bone marrow chimera studies revealed that Adam8 deficiency in leukocytes and lung parenchymal cells contributed to the exaggerated COPD-like disease in Adam8-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Adam8 deficiency increases CS-induced lung inflammation, emphysema, and airway mucus cell metaplasia. Strategies that increase or prolong ADAM8's expression in the lung may have therapeutic efficacy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Polverino
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Hans Petersen
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Xiaoyan Gai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Andrew Higham
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Duo Zhang
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Amit Rout
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Danen Cunoosamy
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bartolomé R. Celli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Dave Singh
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jadwiga Wedzicha
- Imperial College London, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henric Olsson
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline A. Owen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- The Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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Guagliardo R, Pérez-Gil J, De Smedt S, Raemdonck K. Pulmonary surfactant and drug delivery: Focusing on the role of surfactant proteins. J Control Release 2018; 291:116-126. [PMID: 30321577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant (PS) has been extensively studied because of its primary role in mammalian breathing. The deposition of this surface-active material at the alveolar air-water interface is essential to lower surface tension, thus avoiding alveolar collapse during expiration. In addition, PS is involved in host defense, facilitating the clearance of potentially harmful particulates. PS has a unique composition, including 92% of lipids and 8% of surfactant proteins (SPs) by mass. Although they constitute the minor fraction, SPs to a large extent orchestrate PS-related functions. PS contains four surfactant proteins (SPs) that can be structurally and functionally divided in two groups, i.e. the large hydrophilic SP-A and SP-D and the smaller hydrophobic SP-B and SP-C. The former belong to the family of collectins and are involved in opsonization processes, thus promoting uptake of pathogens and (nano)particles by phagocytic cell types. The latter SPs regulate interfacial surfactant adsorption dynamics, facilitating (phospho)lipid transfer and membrane fusion processes. In the context of pulmonary drug delivery, the exploitation of PS as a carrier to promote drug spreading along the alveolar interface is gaining interest. In addition, recent studies investigated the interaction of PS with drug-loaded nanoparticles (nanomedicines) following pulmonary administration, which strongly influences their biological fate, drug delivery efficiency and toxicological profile. Interestingly, the specific biophysical mode-of-action of the four SPs affect the drug delivery process of nanomedicines both on the extra-and intracellular level, modulating pulmonary distribution, cell targeting and intracellular delivery. This knowledge can be harnessed to exploit SPs for the design of unique and bio-inspired drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Guagliardo
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Jesús Pérez-Gil
- Departamento de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Facultad de Biologia, Research Institute Hospital 12 Octubre, Universidad Complutense, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Belchamber KB, Thomas CM, Dunne AE, Barnes PJ, Donnelly LE. Comparison of fluticasone propionate and budesonide on COPD macrophage and neutrophil function. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2883-2897. [PMID: 30271135 PMCID: PMC6147211 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s169337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inhaled corticosteroid use is associated with increased rates of pneumonia in COPD patients. The underlying mechanism is unknown, although recent data suggest that pneumonia is more frequent in patients treated with fluticasone propionate (FP) than budesonide. Macrophages and neutrophils from COPD patients are deficient in clearing bacteria, and this might explain increased bacterial colonization in COPD. Inhaled corticosteroid may further suppress this response; therefore, we examined the effect of FP and budesonide on phagocytosis of common respiratory pathogens by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and neutrophils. Methods MDMs from COPD patients (n=20–24) were preincubated with FP or budesonide for 1 or 18 hours, after which phagocytosis of fluorescently labeled inert beads or heat-killed Haemophilus influenzae/Streptococcus pneumoniae were measured fluorimetrically after 1 or 4 hours. Additionally, CXCL8, IL6, and TNFα concentrations in supernatants by ELISA, MDM-scavenger-receptor expression by flow cytometry, and MDM ability to kill bacteria were measured. Neutrophils from COPD patients (n=8) were preincubated with corticosteroids for 1 hour and bacteria phagocytosis measured by flow cytometry. Results After 1 hour’s preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of beads or H. influenzae; however, budesonide (10−7 M) increased S. pneumoniae phagocytosis by 23% (P<0.05). After 18 hours’ preincubation, neither corticosteroid altered MDM phagocytosis of any prey, although H. influenzae phagocytosis by budesonide was significantly greater compared to FP at 10−6 and 10−5 M (P<0.05). The 1-hour preincubation with either corticosteroid inhibited bacteria-induced CXCL8 release (at 10−7 and 10−5 M, P<0.05); however, this effect was lost at 18-hour preincubation. There was no change in receptor expression, bacterial killing, or neutrophil phagocytosis by either corticosteroid. Conclusion These data suggest that dissolved FP and budesonide do not have an overall effect on MDM or neutrophil phagocytosis of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Br Belchamber
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK,
| | - Catherine Mr Thomas
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK,
| | - Amy E Dunne
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK,
| | - Peter J Barnes
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK,
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Dovehouse Street, Imperial College London, London, UK,
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Ceresa M, Olivares AL, Fernandez Suelves S, Noailly J, Gonzalez Ballester MA. Multi-scale immunological and biomechanical model of emphysema progression. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:2712-2715. [PMID: 29060459 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a multi-scale agent-based model of emphysema progression that includes both the slow action of the immune system and the fast action of force redistribution and fracture propagation of the biological tissue. The two scales are coupled because the immune response causes inflammation and adaptation, which affects the biomechanical parameters of the tissue such as his elasticity. During repeated inflammation and breathing cycles, the tissue weakens and breaks down. We found that macrophages lifespan and cytokynes diffusion ratio are the parameters that influence the outcome of the model the most.
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Mohammadi A, Sharifi A, Pourpaknia R, Mohammadian S, Sahebkar A. Manipulating macrophage polarization and function using classical HDAC inhibitors: Implications for autoimmunity and inflammation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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73
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Butler A, Walton GM, Sapey E. Neutrophilic Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2018; 15:392-404. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1476475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Butler
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgia May Walton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Sapey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pang M, Liu HY, Li T, Wang D, Hu XY, Zhang XR, Yu BF, Guo R, Wang HL. Recombinant club cell protein 16 (CC16) ameliorates cigarette smoke‑induced lung inflammation in a murine disease model of COPD. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2198-2206. [PMID: 29956762 PMCID: PMC6072201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Club cell protein (CC16) is expressed primarily by club cells possesses anti-inflammatory properties and is located in the bronchiolar epithelium. Previous studies have demonstrated that CC16 deficiency is associated with the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the present study, the therapeutic effects of recombinant rat CC16 protein in mice with COPD were examined and the underlying mechanisms investigated. A total of 30 adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into three groups (10 mice/group). A mouse COPD model was generated by exposing 20 mice to cigarette smoke (CS) for 24 weeks. A total of 10 mice were treated intranasally with rCC16 (2.5 µg/g body weight) and control mice were exposed to normal room air. Results indicated that rCC16 treatment ameliorated pathological damage in the lungs and reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, which were induced by CS exposure. After rCC16 administration, endogenous CC16 was upregulated and the body weight of COPD mice was increased, whereas the opposite was observed in CS-exposed mice. Additionally, rCC16 treatment inhibited the DNA binding of NF-κB/p65 in lung tissues and reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 in BALF and epithelial cells. Moreover, rCC16 treatment lead to a decrease in the total number of BALF cells, including macrophages, which was elevated in COPD mice. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that rCC16 has therapeutic effects on COPD by downregulating pro-inflammatory factors via the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ri Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- School of Basic Medicine; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- School of Basic Medicine; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- School of Basic Medicine; Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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75
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Cornwell WD, Kim V, Fan X, Vega ME, Ramsey FV, Criner GJ, Rogers TJ. Activation and polarization of circulating monocytes in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2018; 18:101. [PMID: 29907106 PMCID: PMC6003040 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of circulating monocytes to develop into lung macrophages and promote lung tissue damage depends upon their phenotypic pattern of differentiation and activation. Whether this phenotypic pattern varies with COPD severity is unknown. Here we characterize the activation and differentiation status of circulating monocytes in patients with moderate vs. severe COPD. Methods Blood monocytes were isolated from normal non-smokers (14), current smokers (13), patients with moderate (9), and severe COPD (11). These cells were subjected to analysis by flow cytometry to characterize the expression of activation markers, chemoattractant receptors, and surface markers characteristic of either M1- or M2-type macrophages. Results Patients with severe COPD had increased numbers of total circulating monocytes and non-classical patrolling monocytes, compared to normal subjects and patients with moderate COPD. In addition, while the percentage of circulating monocytes that expressed an M2-like phenotype was reduced in patients with either moderate or severe disease, the levels of expression of M2 markers on this subpopulation of monocytes in severe COPD was significantly elevated. This was particularly evident for the expression of the chemoattractant receptor CCR5. Conclusions Blood monocytes in severe COPD patients undergo unexpected pre-differentiation that is largely characteristic of M2-macrophage polarization, leading to the emergence of an unusual M2-like monocyte population with very high levels of CCR5. These results show that circulating monocytes in patients with severe COPD possess a cellular phenotype which may permit greater mobilization to the lung, with a pre-existing bias toward a potentially destructive inflammatory phenotype. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12890-018-0664-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Cornwell
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Victor Kim
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Temple University Flow Cytometry Facility, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Marie Elena Vega
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Frederick V Ramsey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Thomas J Rogers
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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76
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Wang X, Polverino F, Rojas-Quintero J, Zhang D, Sánchez J, Yambayev I, Lindqvist E, Virtala R, Djukanovic R, Davies DE, Wilson S, O'Donnell R, Cunoosamy D, Hazon P, Higham A, Singh D, Olsson H, Owen CA. A Disintegrin and A Metalloproteinase-9 (ADAM9): A Novel Proteinase Culprit with Multifarious Contributions to COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:1500-1518. [PMID: 29864380 PMCID: PMC6298633 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201711-2300oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteinases with a disintegrin and a metalloproteinase domain (ADAMs) have not been well studied in COPD. We investigated whether ADAM9 is linked to COPD in humans and mice. METHODS ADAM9 blood and lung levels were measured in COPD patients versus controls, and air- versus cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed wild-type (WT) mice. WT and Adam9-/- mice were exposed to air or CS for 1-6 months, and COPD-like lung pathologies were measured. RESULTS ADAM9 staining was increased in lung epithelial cells and macrophages in smokers and even more so in COPD patients and correlated directly with pack-year smoking history and inversely with airflow obstruction and/or FEV1 % predicted. Bronchial epithelial cell ADAM9 mRNA levels were higher in COPD patients than controls and correlated directly with pack-year smoking history. Plasma, BALF and sputum ADAM9 levels were similar in COPD patients and controls. CS exposure increased Adam9 levels in WT murine lungs. Adam9-/- mice were protected from emphysema development, small airway fibrosis, and airway mucus metaplasia. CS-exposed Adam9-/- mice had reduced lung macrophage counts, alveolar septal cell apoptosis, lung elastin degradation, and shedding of VEGFR2 and EGFR in BALF samples. Recombinant ADAM9 sheds EGF and VEGF receptors from epithelial cells to reduce activation of the Akt pro-survival pathway and increase cellular apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS ADAM9 levels are increased in COPD lungs and linked to key clinical variables. Adam9 promotes emphysema development, and large and small airway disease in mice. Inhibition of ADAM9 could be a therapeutic approach for multiple COPD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Francesca Polverino
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Duo Zhang
- Boston University, 1846, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - José Sánchez
- AstraZeneca R&D, Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, Gothenburgh, Sweden
| | - Ilyas Yambayev
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1861, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eva Lindqvist
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Virtala
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ratko Djukanovic
- Southampton University, Clinical and Experimental Sciences and Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Donna E Davies
- Brooke Laboratory, Infection, Inflammation & Repair, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Susan Wilson
- University of Southampton, 7423, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Danen Cunoosamy
- AstraZeneca, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune iMed, Molndal, Sweden
| | - Petra Hazon
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Higham
- University of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Dave Singh
- North West Lung Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Henric Olsson
- AstraZeneca R&D , Department of Translational Biology, Respiratory, Inflammation & Autoimmunity IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline A Owen
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States ;
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77
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Hou HH, Wang HC, Cheng SL, Chen YF, Lu KZ, Yu CJ. MMP-12 activates protease-activated receptor-1, upregulates placenta growth factor, and leads to pulmonary emphysema. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L432-L442. [PMID: 29722565 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00216.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the expansion of aging and smoking populations, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to be the third leading cause of death worldwide in 2030. Therefore, it is pertinent to develop effective therapy to improve management for COPD. Cigarette smoke-mediated protease-antiprotease imbalance is a major pathogenic mechanism for COPD and results in massive pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, releasing excessive neutrophil elastase (NE) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our previous studies indicated that placenta growth factor (PGF) and PGF-triggered downstream signaling molecules mediate NE-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis, which is a major pathogenic mechanism for pulmonary emphysema. However, the relationship between MMP-directed COPD and PGF remains elusive. We hypothesize that MMPs may upregulate PGF expression and be involved in MMP-mediated pathogenesis of COPD. In this study, we demonstrate that only MMP-12 can increase the expression of PGF by increasing early-growth response protein 1 (Egr-1) level through the activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1). The PGF-mediated downstream signaling molecules drive caspase-3 and caspase-9-dependent apoptosis in bronchial epithelial cells. Both the upregulation of PGF by MMP-12 and PGF downstream signaling molecules with pulmonary apoptosis and emphysema were also demonstrated in animals. Given these findings, we suggest that both human COPD-associated elastases, NE, and MMP-12, upregulate PGF expression and promote the progression of emphysema and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Han Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chien Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lung Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan-Ze University , Taiwan
| | - Yen-Fu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch , Taiwan
| | - Kai-Zen Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine , Taiwan
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78
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Berg T, Hegelund-Myrbäck T, Öckinger J, Zhou XH, Brännström M, Hagemann-Jensen M, Werkström V, Seidegård J, Grunewald J, Nord M, Gustavsson L. Expression of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2, in epithelial and immune cells in the lung of COPD and healthy individuals. Respir Res 2018; 19:68. [PMID: 29678179 PMCID: PMC5910606 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several inhaled drugs are dependent on organic cation transporters to cross cell membranes. To further evaluate their potential to impact on inhaled drug disposition, the localization of MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were investigated in human lung. Methods Transporter proteins were analysed by immunohistochemistry in lung tissue from healthy subjects and COPD patients. Transporter mRNA was analysed by qPCR in lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells from smokers and non-smokers. Results We demonstrate for the first time MATE1 protein expression in the lung with localization to the apical side of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelial cells. Interestingly, MATE1 was strongly expressed in alveolar macrophages as demonstrated both in lung tissue and in BAL cells, and in inflammatory cells including CD3 positive T cells. P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 were also expressed in the alveolar epithelial cells and in inflammatory cells including alveolar macrophages. In BAL cells from smokers, MATE1 and P-gp mRNA expression was significantly lower compared to cells from non-smokers whereas no difference was observed between COPD patients and healthy subjects. THP-1 cells were evaluated as a model for alveolar macrophages but did not reflect the transporter expression observed in BAL cells. Conclusions We conclude that MATE1, P-gp, OCTN1 and OCTN2 are expressed in pulmonary lung epithelium, in alveolar macrophages and in other inflammatory cells. This is important to consider in the development of drugs treating pulmonary disease as the transporters may impact drug disposition in the lung and consequently affect pharmacological efficacy and toxicity. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-018-0760-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Berg
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tove Hegelund-Myrbäck
- Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Öckinger
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhou
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie Brännström
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Hagemann-Jensen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Werkström
- Respiratory GMed, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Janeric Seidegård
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Grunewald
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Global Patient Safety, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Gustavsson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
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79
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Thammason H, Khetkam P, Pabuprapap W, Suksamrarn A, Kunthalert D. Ethyl rosmarinate inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 production in alveolar macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 824:17-23. [PMID: 29391157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of rosmarinic acid and analogs were investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential against LPS-induced alveolar macrophages (MH-S). Our results showed that, among the test compounds, ethyl rosmarinate (3) exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced MH-S cells, with low cytotoxicity. Compound 3 exhibited remarkable inhibition of the production of PGE2 in LPS-induced MH-S cells. The inhibitory potency of compound 3 against LPS-induced NO and PGE2 release was approximately two-fold higher than that of dexamethasone. Compound 3 significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 and suppressed p65 expression in the nucleus in LPS-induced MH-S cells. These results suggested that compound 3 inhibited NO and PGE2 production, at least in part, through the down-regulation of NF-κB activation. Analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the free carboxylic group did not contribute to inhibitory activity and that the alkyl group of the corresponding alkyl ester analogs produced a strong inhibitory effect. We concluded that compound 3, a structurally modified rosmarinic acid, possessed potent inhibitory activity against lung inflammation, which strongly supported the development of this compound as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of macrophage-mediated lung inflammatory diseases, such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hathairat Thammason
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Pichit Khetkam
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Wachirachai Pabuprapap
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand.
| | - Duangkamol Kunthalert
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; Centre of Excellence in Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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80
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Xie L, Chen W, Dong R, He B, Zhao K, Zhang L, Zhou M, He P. Function of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without lung cancer in China. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8046-8052. [PMID: 29731913 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the association between the variants of macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR)1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with or without lung cancer in China. COPD and lung cancer were previously regarded as two separate diseases. However, it has since been reported that there are close associations between COPD and lung cancer. Lung cancer may be an outcome of COPD. COPD may also coexist with lung cancer, and patients with COPD with lung cancer tend to have increased mortality. It is important to have a better understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD and the reason why it develops into lung cancer. MSR1 serves a crucial function in phagocytosis, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of COPD and lung cancer in patients with COPD. From 1 July 2015 to 20 February 2016, 100 patients with COPD and lung cancer, 100 patients with COPD without lung cancer and 100 healthy smokers were enrolled at the Shanghai Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) for the genotyping of eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; ex3P36A_C>G, ex3S41Y_C>A, ex4V113A_T>C, ex4P174Y_G>T, ex6P275A_C>G, ex6R293×_C>T, ex10G369S_G>A and ex11H441R_A>G) via gene sequencing. The genotype frequencies of these SNPs did not significantly differ between patients with COPD with and without lung cancer, and the healthy controls. However, during DNA sequencing, the SNP rs13306550 (IVS4+3A>G) was identified in the splice donor site and was significantly associated with an increased risk of COPD compared with the healthy smokers (P=0.0053). The present study demonstrated that the variant rs13306550 was a risk factor for COPD susceptibility, but that did not influence lung cancer pathogenesis in patients with COPD. However, the mechanisms underlying the influence of rs13306550 on COPD development and progression remain to be elucidated and require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ran Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kaishun Zhao
- Department of Respiration, Jiading Central Hospital, Shanghai 201800, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Respiratory Disease, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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81
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GB F. The functional status of neutrophils in patients with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and community-acquired pneumonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/jlprr.2018.05.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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82
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Mang S, Braun A, Pairet N, Lamb DJ. Importance of the IL-1 Axis in Haemophilus influenzae-stimulated M 1 Macrophages Driving Transepithelial Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:412-415. [PMID: 29493324 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0283le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mang
- 1 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach an der Riß, Germany.,2 Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- 2 Hannover Medical School Hannover, Germany.,3 Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover, Germany and
| | - Nicolas Pairet
- 1 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach an der Riß, Germany.,4 University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - David J Lamb
- 1 Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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83
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Florence JM, Krupa A, Booshehri LM, Gajewski AL, Kurdowska AK. Disrupting the Btk Pathway Suppresses COPD-Like Lung Alterations in Atherosclerosis Prone ApoE -/- Mice Following Regular Exposure to Cigarette Smoke. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020343. [PMID: 29364178 PMCID: PMC5855565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with severe chronic inflammation that promotes irreversible tissue destruction. Moreover, the most broadly accepted cause of COPD is exposure to cigarette smoke. There is no effective cure and significantly, the mechanism behind the development and progression of this disease remains unknown. Our laboratory has demonstrated that Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a critical regulator of pro-inflammatory processes in the lungs and that Btk controls expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the alveolar compartment. For this study apolipoprotein E null (ApoE−/−) mice were exposed to SHS to facilitate study in a COPD/atherosclerosis comorbidity model. We applied two types of treatments, animals received either a pharmacological inhibitor of Btk or MMP-9 specific siRNA to minimize MMP-9 expression in endothelial cells or neutrophils. We have shown that these treatments had a protective effect in the lung. We have noted a decrease in alveolar changes related to SHS induced inflammation in treated animals. In summary, we are presenting a novel concept in the field of COPD, i.e., that Btk may be a new drug target for this disease. Moreover, cell specific targeting of MMP-9 may also benefit patients affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M Florence
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
| | - Agnieszka Krupa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Laela M Booshehri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
| | - Adrian L Gajewski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Anna K Kurdowska
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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84
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Predictors of short-term LAMA ineffectiveness in treatment naïve patients with moderate to severe COPD. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2018; 130:247-258. [PMID: 29322375 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-017-1307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No specific (only subgroup) recommendations for the use of long-acting muscarinic antagonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exist. The aim of this exploratory hypothesis generating study was to assess whether different phenotypic/endotypic characteristics could be determinants of the short-term ineffectiveness of the initial tiotropium bromide monotherapy in treatment naïve moderate to severe COPD patients. METHODS A total of 51 consecutively recruited COPD patients were followed for 3 months after the initial evaluation and prescribed initial treatment (tiotropium). Short-term treatment ineffectiveness was assessed as a composite measure comprising COPD exacerbations, need for additional treatment, and no improvement in functional parameters, e.g. 6‑min walking test (6MWT), body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise (BODE) index and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and as single components. RESULTS Treatment ineffectiveness was significantly associated with baseline hemoglobin level, COPD assessment test (CAT) score, modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale and BODE index (p = 0.002). Incident exacerbation during the follow-up was associated with baseline bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) alpha-amylase level and CAT score (p < 0.001), and change in treatment with leukocyte count, 6MWT desaturation and fatigue (p < 0.001). No improvement in 6MWT was associated with baseline CAT score, body mass index, mMRC, fatigue, 6MWT and BODE index (p = 0.002). No improvement in BODE index was associated with leukocyte count, serum interleukin 8 (IL-8) and BALF albumin levels (p < 0.001); and no improvement in FEV1 with CAT score, baseline vital capacity and BALF tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) level (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that there is a possibility to identify predictors of short-term tiotropium ineffectiveness in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
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Effect of Liuweibuqi capsules on the balance between MMP-9 and TIMP1 and viability of alveolar macrophages in COPD. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170880. [PMID: 28831024 PMCID: PMC5603752 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the effect of Liuweibuqi (LWBQ) capsules on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and TIMP1 and cell viability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, model control (MC) group, Jinshuibao (JSB) group, spleen aminopeptidase (PAT) group, and low dose of LWBQ (LWBQ low), mid dose of LWBQ (LWBQ mid), and high dose of LWBQ (LWBQ high) group (n=10). Lung function was measured with a spirometer. Serum cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected using ELISA. The expressions of MMP-9 and TIMP1 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis. Compared with the NC group, body weight and lung function were reduced in the MC group. In addition, the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in the MC group than those in the NC group. The expression of MMP-9 protein in the AMs from rats was higher, and TIMP1 protein was lower in the MC group compared with the NC group. After LWBQ capsules treatment, compared with the MC group, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and MMP-9 were lower and TIMP1 was higher. Moreover, after LWBQ-medicated serum treatment, the release of inflammatory cytokines was reduced from AMs. Besides, LWBQ-medicated serum decreased the expression of MMP-9 and increased the expression of TIMP1 and cell viability compared with those in MC group. In conclusion, LWBQ capsules can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, promote cell viability in AMs, and regulate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP1.
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86
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1541-1558. [PMID: 28659395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) both cause airway obstruction and are associated with chronic inflammation of the airways. However, the nature and sites of the inflammation differ between these diseases, resulting in different pathology, clinical manifestations and response to therapy. In this review, the inflammatory and cellular mechanisms of asthma and COPD are compared and the differences in inflammatory cells and profile of inflammatory mediators are highlighted. These differences account for the differences in clinical manifestations of asthma and COPD and their response to therapy. Although asthma and COPD are usually distinct, there are some patients who show an overlap of features, which may be explained by the coincidence of two common diseases or distinct phenotypes of each disease. It is important to better understand the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of asthma and COPD in order to develop new treatments in areas of unmet need, such as severe asthma, curative therapy for asthma and effective anti-inflammatory treatments for COPD.
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87
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Gindele JA, Mang S, Pairet N, Christ I, Gantner F, Schymeinsky J, Lamb DJ. Opposing effects of in vitro differentiated macrophages sub-type on epithelial wound healing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184386. [PMID: 28863189 PMCID: PMC5581193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate repair responses to pulmonary epithelial injury have been linked to perturbation of epithelial barrier function and airway remodelling in a number of respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We developed an in vitro mechanical scratch injury model in air-liquid interface differentiated primary human small airway epithelial cells that recapitulates many of the characteristics observed during epithelial wound injury in both human tissue and small animal models. Wound closure was initially associated with de-differentiation of the differentiated apical cells and rapid migration into the wound site, followed by proliferation of apical cells behind the wound edge, together with increases in FAK expression, fibronectin and reduction in PAI-1 which collectively facilitate cell motility and extracellular matrix deposition. Macrophages are intimately involved in wound repair so we sought to investigate the role of macrophage sub-types on this process in a novel primary human co-culture model. M1 macrophages promoted FAK expression and both M1 and M2 macrophages promoted epithelial de-differentiation. Interestingly, M2a macrophages inhibited both proliferation and fibronectin expression, possibly via the retinoic acid pathway, whereas M2b and M2c macrophages prevented fibronectin deposition, possibly via MMP expression. Collectively these data highlight the complex nature of epithelial wound closure, the differential impact of macrophage sub-types on this process, and the heterogenic and non-delineated function of these macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Gindele
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Samuel Mang
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Pairet
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ingrid Christ
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Gantner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, C. H. Boehringer Sohn AG & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schymeinsky
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- Department of General Physiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David J. Lamb
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
- * E-mail:
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88
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Pine bark extract (Pycnogenol®) suppresses cigarette smoke-induced fibrotic response via transforming growth factor-β1/Smad family member 2/3 signaling. Lab Anim Res 2017; 33:76-83. [PMID: 28747971 PMCID: PMC5527150 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) is an important disease featured as intense inflammation, protease imbalance, and air flow limitation and mainly induced by cigarette smoke (CS). In present study, we explored the effects of Pycnogenol® (PYC, pine bark extract) on pulmonary fibrosis caused by CS+lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Mice were treated with LPS intranasally on day 12 and 26, followed by CS exposure for 1 h/day (8 cigarettes per day) for 4 weeks. One hour before CS exposure, 10 and 20 mg/kg of PYC were administered by oral gavage for 4 weeks. PYC effectively reduced the number of inflammatory cells and proinflammatory mediators caused by CS+LPS exposure in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PYC inhibited the collagen deposition on lung tissue caused by CS+LPS exposure, as evidenced by Masson's trichrome stain. Furthermore, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression and Smad family member 2/3 (Smad 2/3) phosphorylation were effectively suppressed by PYC treatment. PYC markedly reduced the collagen deposition caused by CS+LPS exposure, which was closely involved in TGF-β1/Smad 2/3 signaling, which is associated with pulmonary fibrotic change. These findings suggest that treatment with PYC could be a therapeutic strategy for controlling COPD progression.
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89
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van den Bosch T, Kwiatkowski M, Bischoff R, Dekker FJ. Targeting transcription factor lysine acetylation in inflammatory airway diseases. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1013-1028. [PMID: 28617138 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are inflammatory airway diseases for which alternative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Interestingly, HDAC inhibitors show anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models for these diseases. Here we explore underlying mechanisms that may explain these effects. In previous studies, effects of HDAC inhibitors on histone acetylation are often correlated with their effects on gene expression. However, effects of HDAC inhibitors on transcription factors and their acetylation status may be particularly important in explaining these effects. These effects are also cell type-specific. Recent developments (including chemoproteomics and acetylomics) allow for a more detailed understanding of the selectivity of HDAC inhibitors, which will drive their further development into applications in inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea van den Bosch
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Kwiatkowski
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases & Tuberculosis, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), Department of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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90
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Zhang Z, Cheng X, Yue L, Cui W, Zhou W, Gao J, Yao H. Molecular pathogenesis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and therapeutic potential by targeting AMP-activated protein kinase. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:1999-2006. [PMID: 28160496 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy; Anhui Medical University Hefei; Anhui China
| | - Li Yue
- Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School; Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital; Providence Rhode Island
| | - Wenhui Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy; Anhui Medical University Hefei; Anhui China
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Liaoning China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry; Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School; Providence Rhode Island
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91
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Hough KP, Chanda D, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Deshane JS. Exosomes in immunoregulation of chronic lung diseases. Allergy 2017; 72:534-544. [PMID: 27859351 DOI: 10.1111/all.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized, membrane-bound vesicles released from cells that transport cargo including DNA, RNA, and proteins, between cells as a form of intercellular communication. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, exosomes are beginning to be appreciated as agents of immunoregulation that can modulate antigen presentation, immune activation, suppression, and surveillance. This article summarizes how these multifaceted functions of exosomes may promote development and/or progression of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. The potential of exosomes as a novel therapeutic is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Hough
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - D. Chanda
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - S. R. Duncan
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - V. J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
| | - J. S. Deshane
- Department of Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham AL USA
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92
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HDAC1-3 inhibitor MS-275 enhances IL10 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages and reduces cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45047. [PMID: 28344354 PMCID: PMC5366870 DOI: 10.1038/srep45047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) constitutes a major health burden. Studying underlying molecular mechanisms could lead to new therapeutic targets. Macrophages are orchestrators of COPD, by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. This process relies on transcription factors such as NF-κB, among others. NF-κB is regulated by lysine acetylation; a post-translational modification installed by histone acetyltransferases and removed by histone deacetylases (HDACs). We hypothesized that small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) targeting class I HDACs members that can regulate NF-κB could attenuate inflammatory responses in COPD via modulation of the NF-κB signaling output. MS-275 is an isoform-selective inhibitor of HDAC1-3. In precision-cut lung slices and RAW264.7 macrophages, MS-275 upregulated the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes, implying mixed effects. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory IL10 expression was upregulated in these model systems. In the macrophages, this was associated with increased NF-κB activity, acetylation, nuclear translocation, and binding to the IL10 promoter. Importantly, in an in vivo model of cigarette smoke-exposed C57Bl/6 mice, MS-275 robustly attenuated inflammatory expression of KC and neutrophil influx in the lungs. This study highlights for the first time the potential of isoform-selective HDACi for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases like COPD.
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93
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Schivo M, Albertson TE, Haczku A, Kenyon NJ, Zeki AA, Kuhn BT, Louie S, Avdalovic MV. Paradigms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: phenotypes, immunobiology, and therapy with a focus on vascular disease. J Investig Med 2017; 65:953-963. [PMID: 28258130 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex and heterogeneous syndrome that represents a major global health burden. COPD phenotypes have recently emerged based on large cohort studies addressing the need to better characterize the syndrome. Though comprehensive phenotyping is still at an early stage, factors such as ethnicity and radiographic, serum, and exhaled breath biomarkers have shown promise. COPD is also an immunological disease where innate and adaptive immune responses to the environment and tobacco smoke are altered. The frequent overlap between COPD and other systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, has influenced COPD therapy, and treatments for both conditions may lead to improved patient outcomes. Here, we discuss current paradigms that center on improving the definition of COPD, understanding the immunological overlap between COPD and vascular inflammation, and the treatment of COPD-with a focus on comorbid cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schivo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Timothy E Albertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, USA
| | - Angela Haczku
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kenyon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Amir A Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brooks T Kuhn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Samuel Louie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Mark V Avdalovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, USA
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94
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Chen DL, Cheriyan J, Chilvers ER, Choudhury G, Coello C, Connell M, Fisk M, Groves AM, Gunn RN, Holman BF, Hutton BF, Lee S, MacNee W, Mohan D, Parr D, Subramanian D, Tal-Singer R, Thielemans K, van Beek EJR, Vass L, Wellen JW, Wilkinson I, Wilson FJ. Quantification of Lung PET Images: Challenges and Opportunities. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:201-207. [PMID: 28082432 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.184796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by respiratory diseases, leading to a significant health burden globally. Because of the current insufficient knowledge of the underlying mechanisms that lead to the development and progression of respiratory diseases, treatment options remain limited. To overcome this limitation and understand the associated molecular changes, noninvasive imaging techniques such as PET and SPECT have been explored for biomarker development, with 18F-FDG PET imaging being the most studied. The quantification of pulmonary molecular imaging data remains challenging because of variations in tissue, air, blood, and water fractions within the lungs. The proportions of these components further differ depending on the lung disease. Therefore, different quantification approaches have been proposed to address these variabilities. However, no standardized approach has been developed to date. This article reviews the data evaluating 18F-FDG PET quantification approaches in lung diseases, focusing on methods to account for variations in lung components and the interpretation of the derived parameters. The diseases reviewed include acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Based on review of prior literature, ongoing research, and discussions among the authors, suggested considerations are presented to assist with the interpretation of the derived parameters from these approaches and the design of future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine L Chen
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin R Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gourab Choudhury
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Connell
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Fisk
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley M Groves
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger N Gunn
- Imanova Ltd., London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beverley F Holman
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brian F Hutton
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lee
- Medical Image Analysis Consultant, London, United Kingdom
| | - William MacNee
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Divya Mohan
- Clinical Discovery, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Parr
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruth Tal-Singer
- Clinical Discovery, Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin J R van Beek
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Vass
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy W Wellen
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Ian Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick J Wilson
- Experimental Medicine Imaging, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
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95
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Abstract
In the healthy lung, macrophages maintain homeostasis by clearing inhaled particles, bacteria, and removing apoptotic cells from the local pulmonary environment. However, in respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and cystic fibrosis, macrophages appear to be dysfunctional and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In COPD, phagocytosis of bacterial species and apoptotic cells by both alveolar macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages is significantly reduced, leading to colonization of the lung with pathogenic bacteria. COPD macrophages also release high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including CXCL8, TGFβ, and CCL2, driving recruitment of other inflammatory cells including neutrophils and monocytes to the lungs and promoting disease progression.In asthma, defective phagocytosis and efferocytosis have also been reported, and macrophages appear to have altered cell surface receptor expression; however, it is as yet unclear how this contributes to disease progression but may be important in driving Th2-mediated inflammation. In cystic fibrosis, macrophages also display defective phagocytosis, and reduced bacterial killing, which may be driven by the pro-inflammatory environment present in the lungs of these patients.The mechanisms behind defective macrophage function in lung diseases are not currently understood, but potential mechanisms include alterations in phagocytic receptor expression levels, oxidative stress, but also the possibility that specific diseases are associated with a specific, altered, macrophage phenotype that displays reduced function. Identification of the mechanisms responsible may present novel therapeutic opportunities for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie B R Belchamber
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Louise E Donnelly
- Department of Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
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96
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Sharan R, Perez-Cruz M, Kervoaze G, Gosset P, Weynants V, Godfroid F, Hermand P, Trottein F, Pichavant M, Gosset P. Interleukin-22 protects against non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae infection: alteration during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:139-149. [PMID: 27143304 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major health problem becoming a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A large part of these disorders is associated with acute exacerbations resulting from infection by bacteria, such as non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Our understanding of the pathogenesis of these exacerbations is still elusive. We demonstrate herein that NTHi infection of mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (CS), an experimental model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), not only causes acute pulmonary inflammation but also impairs the production of interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine with potential anti-bacterial activities. We also report that mice lacking IL-22, as well as mice exposed to CS, have a delayed clearance of NTHi bacteria and display enhanced alveolar wall thickening and airway remodeling compared with controls. Supplementation with IL-22 not only boosted bacterial clearance and the production of anti-microbial peptides but also limited lung damages induced by infection both in IL-22-/- and CS-exposed mice. In vitro exposure to CS extract altered the NTHi-induced IL-22 production by spleen cells. This study shows for the first time that a defect in IL-22 is involved in the acute exacerbation induced by NTHi infection during experimental COPD and opens the way to innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharan
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Perez-Cruz
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - G Kervoaze
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Service d'Anatomo-pathologie, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - F Trottein
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - M Pichavant
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - P Gosset
- Université Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CNRS, UMR 8204, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1019, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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97
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Shen YH, Pham AK, Davis B, Smiley-Jewell S, Wang L, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Tancredi DJ, Pinkerton KE. Sex and strain-based inflammatory response to repeated tobacco smoke exposure in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:677-685. [PMID: 27829308 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1249812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Approximately four million people die every year from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with more than 80% of the cases attributed to smoking. OBJECT The purpose of this study was to examine the rat strain and sex-related differences and the extended tobacco smoke exposure to induce lung injury and inflammation with the goal of finding a suitable rodent model to study COPD. METHODS Male and female spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and male Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or to tobacco smoke (TS: 90 mg/m3 particulate concentration) for 6 h/day, three days/week for 4 or 12 weeks. RESULTS Male SH rats demonstrated an enhanced, persistent inflammatory response compared to female SH and male WKY rats with extended TS exposure. Following four weeks of TS exposure, male SH rats had significantly increased total leukocytes and macrophage numbers, levels of TNF-alpha and elevated lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with female SH, male WKY rats and corresponding controls. After 12 weeks of TS exposure, male SH rats continued to show significant increase in inflammatory cells and TNF-alpha, as well as IL-6 mRNA lung expression. In addition, the alveolar airspace of male SH rats exposed to TS was significantly enlarged compared to their FA controls, female SH and WKY rats. CONCLUSION The male SH rat demonstrates greater cellular, inflammatory and structural changes highly reminiscent of COPD compared to female SH and male WKY rats, suggesting that the male SH rat is an optimal rodent model to study COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Shen
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Alexa K Pham
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Benjamin Davis
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Suzette Smiley-Jewell
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Lei Wang
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- c Department of Animal Science , Kyoto Sangyo University , Kyoto , Japan , and
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- d Department of Pediatrics and Center for Healthcare Policy and Research , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Kent E Pinkerton
- a Center for Health and the Environment, University of California , Davis , CA , USA
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98
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Abstract
Lung inflammatory diseases contribute significantly to the socioeconomic burden of disease. Yet very few new, effective therapies for respiratory disease have been approved for use. A major contributing factor is the lack of biomarkers that can accurately quantify the lung inflammatory burden and can be used to understand the contribution of lung inflammation to loss in lung function. Molecular imaging approaches can detect and quantify the recruitment and activation of specific immune cells in lung inflammation. We review the clinical techniques used to image lung inflammation, provide an overview of clinical and emerging PET techniques for quantifying lung inflammation, and discuss potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delphine L Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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99
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Rodriguez JM, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Henriquez S, Llanos MN, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases. Steroids 2016; 115:182-192. [PMID: 27643454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Henriquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Miguel N Llanos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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100
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Structurally Related Monoterpenes p-Cymene, Carvacrol and Thymol Isolated from Essential Oil from Leaves of Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae) Protect Mice against Elastase-Induced Emphysema. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101390. [PMID: 27775634 PMCID: PMC6273112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction and inflammation. Natural products, such as monoterpenes, displayed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and can be used as a source of new compounds to COPD treatment. Our aim was to evaluate, in an elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, the effects of and underlying mechanisms of three related natural monoterpenes (p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol) isolated from essential oil from leaves Lippia sidoides Cham. (Verbenaceae). METHODS Mices received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and were treated with p-cymene, carvacrol, thymol or vehicle 30 min later and again on 7th, 14th and 28th days. Lung inflammatory profile and histological sections were evaluated. RESULTS In the elastase-instilled animals, the tested monoterpenes reduced alveolar enlargement, macrophages and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and collagen fibers, MMP-9 and p-65-NF-κB-positive cells in lung parenchyma (p < 0.05). All treatments attenuated levels of 8-iso-PGF2α but only thymol was able to reduced exhaled nitric oxide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Monoterpenes p-cymene, carvacrol and thymol reduced lung emphysema and inflammation in mice. No significant differences among the three monoterpenes treatments were found, suggesting that the presence of hydroxyl group in the molecular structure of thymol and carvacrol do not play a central role in the anti-inflammatory effects.
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