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Hwang JH, Lee BJ, Jung HJ, Kim KI, Choi JY, Joo M, Jung SK. Effects of Chung-Pae Inhalation Therapy on a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:461295. [PMID: 26539225 PMCID: PMC4619917 DOI: 10.1155/2015/461295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chung-pae (CP) inhalation therapy is a method frequently used in Korea to treat lung disease, especially chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study investigated the effects of CP inhalation on a COPD animal model. C57BL/6 mice received porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alternately three times for 3 weeks to induce COPD. Then, CP (5 or 20 mg/kg) was administered every 2 h after the final LPS administration. The effect of CP was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, histological analysis of lung tissue, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, IL-6, and tumor growth factor- (TGF-) β. Intratracheal CP administration reduced the number of leukocytes and neutrophils in BAL fluid, inhibited the histological appearance of lung damage, and decreased the mRNA levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β. Intratracheal CP administration effectively decreased the chronic inflammation and pathological changes in a PPE- and LPS-induced COPD mouse model. Therefore, we suggest that CP is a promising strategy for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Ho Hwang
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Joon Lee
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsoo Joo
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ki Jung
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Raha S, Yumnam S, Hong GE, Lee HJ, Saralamma VVG, Park HS, Heo JD, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Kim JA, Kim GS. Naringin induces autophagy-mediated growth inhibition by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade via activation of MAPK pathways in AGS cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26201693 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin, one of the major bioflavonoid of Citrus, has been demonstrated as potential anticancer agent. However, the underlying anticancer mechanism still needs to be explored further. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of Naringin on human AGS cancer cells. AGS cell proliferation was inhibited by Naringin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Naringin did not induce apoptotic cell death, determined by no DNA fragmentation and the reduced Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Growth inhibitory role of Naringin was observed by western blot analysis demonstrating downregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade with an upregulated p21CIPI/WAFI. Formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and autophagosomes were observed in Naringin-treated AGS cells, further confirmed by the activation of autophagic proteins Beclin 1 and LC3B with a significant phosphorylation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Collectively, our observed results determined that anti-proliferative activity of Naringin in AGS cancer cells is due to suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade via induction of autophagy with activated MAPKs. Thus, the present finding suggests that Naringin induced autophagy- mediated growth inhibition shows potential as an alternative therapeutic agent for human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Raha
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong Eun Hong
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Lee
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Venu Venkatarame Gowda Saralamma
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Soo Park
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Doo Heo
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Gyeongnam Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Toxicology Screening Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 666-844, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing Science, International University of Korea, Moonsan, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University of Korea, Moonsan, Jinju 660-759, Republic of Korea
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine (BK21 plus project), Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Zhong S, Nie YC, Gan ZY, Liu XD, Fang ZF, Zhong BN, Tian J, Huang CQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Effects of Schisandra chinensis extracts on cough and pulmonary inflammation in a cough hypersensitivity guinea pig model induced by cigarette smoke exposure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 165:73-82. [PMID: 25681545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly used in prescription medications for the treatment of chronic cough. However, the material basis of S. chinensis in relieving cough has not been completely elucidated yet. This study established a guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity induced by 14 days of cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, to evaluate the antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of three S. chinensis extracts. And then the function of four lignans in reducing expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1 was examined using A549 cells induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). The results demonstrated that both ethanol extract (EE) and ethanol-water extract (EWE) of S. chinensis, but not water extract (WE), significantly reduced the cough frequency enhanced by 0.4M citric acid solution in these cough hypersensitivity guinea pigs. Meanwhile, pretreatment with EE and EWE both significantly attenuated the CS-induced increase in infiltration of pulmonary neutrophils and total inflammatory cells, as well as pulmonary MDA, TNF-α, and IL-8, while remarkably increased activities of pulmonary SOD and GSH. According to H&E and immunofluorescence staining assays, airway epithelium hyperplasia, smooth muscle thickening, inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1, were significantly attenuated in animals pretreatment with 1g/kg EE. Moreover, four lignans of EE, including schizandrin, schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin and γ-schisandrin, significantly inhibited CSE-induced expression of TRPV1, TRPA1 and NOS3, as well as NO release in A549 cells. In conclusion, S. chinensis reduces cough frequency and pulmonary inflammation in the CS-induced cough hypersensitivity guinea pigs. Lignans may be the active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Yi-chu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-yong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Zhang-fu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Bo-nian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Chu-qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Ke-fang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China.
| | - Nan-shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 YanJiang Road, Yuexiu Dist., Guangzhou 510120, People׳s Republic of China
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Zeng L, Zhen Y, Chen Y, Zou L, Zhang Y, Hu F, Feng J, Shen J, Wei B. Naringin inhibits growth and induces apoptosis by a mechanism dependent on reduced activation of NF‑κB/COX‑2‑caspase-1 pathway in HeLa cervical cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1929-36. [PMID: 25174821 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Naringin (NRG), a bioflavonoid found in citrus fruit extracts, has been pharmacologically evaluated as a potential anticancer agent. This study confirmed a novel mechanism of the anticancer effects of NRG in the human cervical cancer HeLa cell line (HeLa cells). Exposure of HeLa cells to NRG resulted in growth inhibition, as evidenced by a decrease in cell viability. In addition, NRG treatment induced apoptosis, as indicated by the increased apoptotic percentage and the cleaved caspase-3 expression. Importantly, exposure of the cells to NRG attenuated the expression levels of phosphorylated (p) nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65 subunit, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cysteinyl aspartate proteinase-1 (caspase-1). Treatment with PDTC (an inhibitor of NF-κB) or NS-398 (an inhibitor of COX-2) or SC-3069 (an inhibitor of caspase-1) markedly induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Treatment with PDTC or NS-398 also reduced caspase-1 expression. Interestingly, PDTC treatment blocked the expression of COX-2 and NS-398 reduced the p-NF-κB p65 expression. Taken together, this study provides novel evidence that NRG induces growth inhibition and apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB/COX-2-caspase-1 pathway and that a positive interaction between NF-κB and COX-2 pathway contributes to the growth and antiapoptotic effect in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Liwan Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Zhen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Liwan Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, P.R. China
| | - Fen Hu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianqiang Feng
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Liwan Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510140, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, P.R. China
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Zou W, Luo Y, Liu M, Chen S, Wang S, Nie Y, Cheng G, Su W, Zhang K. Human intestinal microbial metabolism of naringin. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:363-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0193-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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58
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Alam P, Siddiqui N, Al-Rehaily A, Alajmi M, Basudan O, Khan T. Stability-indicating densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of biomarker naringin in the leaves and stems ofRumex vesicariusL. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.27.2014.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rodrigues FMM, Ramos D, Xavier RF, Ito JT, Souza APD, Fernandes RA, Cecchini R, Rossi e Silva RC, Macchione M, Toledo-Arruda ACD, Guarnier FA, Ramos EMC. Nasal and systemic inflammatory profile after short term smoking cessation. Respir Med 2014; 108:999-1006. [PMID: 24863424 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking cessation promotes health benefits and, despite cigarette smoking be an important pro inflammatory stimulus, there are few studies concerning the nasal and systemic inflammation; as well as the mucociliary clearance behavior in smokers after short period of smoking cessation. AIM To evaluate the nasal and systemic inflammatory markers and mucociliary clearance behavior after 30 days of cigarette smoking abstinence. METHODS Twenty-five smokers were included and divided into two groups: abstinent smokers (n = 14) and current smokers (n = 11). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured on nasal lavage and blood serum samples by ELISA at baseline and after 30 days. The mucociliary clearance, exhaled carbon monoxide (exCO) and carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) were also measured at the same moments. RESULTS There was a decrease of TNF-α level only in blood serum at 30 days of abstinence compared to current smokers. The mucociliary clearance improved and there was a reduction in exCO and HbCO (p < 0.05 for all) after 30 days of smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The short term smoking abstinence decreased systemic inflammation and improved nasal mucociliary clearance, despite not having changed the nasal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dionei Ramos
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Tiyaki Ito
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Alcirene Policarpo de Souza
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alessandra Choqueta de Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil
| | | | - Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
- Department of Physiotherapy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil.
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Naringin ameliorates gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and associated mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and inflammation in rats: Possible mechanism of nephroprotection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:8-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Li P, Wang S, Guan X, Cen X, Hu C, Peng W, Wang Y, Su W. Six months chronic toxicological evaluation of naringin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 66:65-75. [PMID: 24462649 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Naringin is a flavonoid showing variable pharmacological properties and is distributed ubiquitously in plant foods. There is a paucity of reported data regarding its safety profile. In the present study, chronic toxicity studies of naringin was designed and conducted by oral gavage at doses of 0, 50, 250 and 1250 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for six months followed by 1-month recovery period. During the 6-month treatment period and one month recovery period, no mortality and toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, opthalmoscopic examination, hematology, clinical biochemistry, serumsexhormone, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathological examination were noted and attributed to naringin administration. Although consecutive and/or isolated periods of significant body weights and food consumption decreases were relevant to naringin administration, they were not considered toxicologically significant. In addition, slight, non-pathological and reversible hair loss was noted during the 6-month treatment period and considered as a kind of change possibly relevant to naringin administration; however, it was not considered adverse change and to be of toxicological significance. Based on the results of this study, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of naringin in rats is greater than 1250 mg/kg/day when administered orally for 6 consecutive months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibo Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Guan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Guangzhou Quality R&D Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Chen J, Mo H, Guo R, You Q, Huang R, Wu K. Inhibition of the leptin-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway contributes to the protective effects of naringin against high glucose-induced injury in H9c2 cardiac cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:605-12. [PMID: 24399619 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a product of the obese gene, has been reported to contribute to the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in patients with diabetes and to activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we demonstrate that naringin, a citrus flavonone, protects cardiomyoblasts (H9c2 cells) against high glucose (HG)-induced apoptosis by modulating the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. We investigated the hypothesis that naringin prevents HG-induced injury by inhibiting the leptin-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway in H9c2 cells. Our results demonstrated that the exposure of H9c2 cells to HG (35 mmol/l) for a 24 h markedly upregulated the expression levels of both leptin and leptin receptors. However, the increase in the expression levels of leptin and leptin receptors was greatly attenuated by treatment of the H9c2 cells with 80 µmol/l naringin 2 h prior to exposure to HG. In addition, treatment of the cells with 50 ng/ml leptin antagonist (LA) for 24 h prior to exposure to HG markedly ameliorated the increased expression of phosphorylated (p)-p38 MAPK induced by HG. Of note, pre-treatment of the cells with either 80 µmol/l naringin or 50 ng/ml LA markedly inhibited the HG-induced injury, leading to an increase in cell viability and a decrease in the total number of apoptotic cells, preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In conclusion, the findings of the present study provide the first evidence that the leptin-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway is involved in HG-induced injury, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, ROS generation and the dissipation of MMP in H9c2 cardiac cells. Our data demonstrate that naringin protects cardiac cells against HG-induced injury by inhibiting the leptin-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Hailiang Mo
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qiong You
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Ruina Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Keng Wu
- Department of Cardiovasology, The Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Pharmacological Activities of Sijunzi Decoction Which Are Related to Its Antioxidant Properties. J CHEM-NY 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/278318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper introduces the antioxidant constituents and pharmacological effects of Sijunzi decoction by looking up literatures in recent years. Sijunzi decoction is composed of Ginseng, Atractylodes, Tuckahoe, and Glycyrrhiza. The antioxidant ingredients of Sijunzi decoction include paeonol, dauricine, naringin, and isoliquiritigenin. The study has proved that it possesses wide pharmacological effects of anticardiovascular diseases, antinervous system disease, antidiabetes, antimetabolic syndrome, and antitumor. Research on the antioxidant components of Sijunzi decoction and their targets is a promising study area in the future.
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Chen J, Guo R, Yan H, Tian L, You Q, Li S, Huang R, Wu K. Naringin Inhibits ROS-activated MAPK Pathway in High Glucose-induced Injuries in H9c2 Cardiac Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 114:293-304. [PMID: 24118820 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Runmin Guo
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Hai Yan
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Lihong Tian
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Qiong You
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Shanghai Li
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Ruina Huang
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
| | - Keng Wu
- Department of Cardiovasology; The Affiliated Hospital; Guangdong Medical College; Zhanjiang China
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Li P, Wang S, Guan X, Liu B, Wang Y, Xu K, Peng W, Su W, Zhang K. Acute and 13weeks subchronic toxicological evaluation of naringin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Lee E, Yun N, Jang YP, Kim J. Lilium lancifolium Thunb. extract attenuates pulmonary inflammation and air space enlargement in a cigarette smoke-exposed mouse model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:148-156. [PMID: 23796878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (Liliaceae) has long been used as a traditional medicine in Korea and China to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, and other pulmonary ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major risk factor for the development of pulmonary inflammatory response; it also triggers pulmonary alveoli enlargement. In the present study, we investigate the effects of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract on pulmonary inflammatory responses in a CS-exposed mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water extract of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root was fed to C57BL/6 mice prior CS exposure every day for 3 weeks. The numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted. The relative inflammatory factors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) were measured by real-time PCR, ELISA, or Western blot analysis. The average alveoli size was determined by lung histology. RESULTS Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract was found to significantly inhibit the numbers of macrophages and neutrophils in BALF due to CS exposure. Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract also reduced the protein secretion levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in BALF and the RNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP-12 in lung tissue compared with mice only exposed to CS. Moreover, MMP-12 in serum was down regulated in Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract treated mice compared with CS-exposed mice. Finally, a morphometric analysis of the lungs of Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract treated mice demonstrated a significant reduction in airspace size compared to mice only exposed to CS. CONCLUSION Our results show that Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract reduces lung inflammation and airspace enlargement in a CS-exposed mouse model. These data indicate that Lilium lancifolium Thunb. root extract is a therapeutic candidate for pulmonary inflammation and emphysema caused by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijeong Lee
- Department of Oriental Physiology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Huang H, Wu K, You Q, Huang R, Li S, Wu K. Naringin inhibits high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and modulating the activation of the p38 signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:396-402. [PMID: 23732220 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, naringin (NAR; 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside) has been shown to have cardioprotective properties. However, the specific mechanisms underlying its cardioprotective effects remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of NAR and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms in cardiomyocytes using high glucose (HG) to induce apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The effect of NAR on apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V and propidium iodide staining, and by determining the levels of active caspase-3, -8 and -9. The effect of NAR on mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Our results demonstrated that exposure to HG induced apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Treatment with NAR significantly increased MMP and inhibited the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9. NAR attenuated the HG-induced p38 and p53 phosphorylation, decreased mitochondrial Bax and Bak expression, prevented the release of cytochrome c and increased Bcl-2 expression. Pre-treatment with SB203580, a p38 inhibitor, also suppressed p53 phosphorylation and prevented the loss of MMP, as well as apoptosis in the HG-treated H9c2 cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that NAR inhibits HG-induced apoptosis by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction and modulating the activation of the p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Huang
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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Li H, Yang B, Huang J, Xiang T, Yin X, Wan J, Luo F, Zhang L, Li H, Ren G. Naringin inhibits growth potential of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by targeting β-catenin signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2013; 220:219-28. [PMID: 23694763 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative (ER-/PR-/HER2-) breast cancer (TNBC) is a severe clinical problem because of its relatively poorer prognosis, aggressive behavior and lack of targeted therapies. Naringin, a major flavonoid extracted from citrus fruits, has been reported to exert promising anticancer activities. However, the detailed antitumor mechanism of naringin still remains enigmatic. In this study, TNBC cell lines-based in vitro and in vivo models were used to explore the anticancer effect and mechanism of naringin. Our data demonstrated that naringin inhibited cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis and G1 cycle arrest, accompanied by increased p21 and decreased survivin. Meanwhile, β-catenin signaling pathway was found to be suppressed by naringin. In contrast, over-expressing β-catenin by adenoviral vector system in TNBC cells reversed the antitumor activity of naringin, and regulated p21 and survivin. Correspondingly, the antitumor potential of naringin was also observed in naringin-treated MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice, while immunohistochemical analysis of tumors from naringin-treated mice showed higher expression of p21 and lower expression of survivin and active β-catenin. Taken together, these results indicate that naringin could inhibit growth potential of TNBC cells by modulating β-catenin pathway, which suggests naringin might be used as a potential supplement for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhong Li
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Jang Y, Kim TK, Shim WS. Naringin Exhibits in vivo Prokinetic Activity via Activation of Ghrelin Receptor in Gastrointestinal Motility Dysfunction Rats. Pharmacology 2013; 92:191-7. [DOI: 10.1159/000354579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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