51
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Lv H, Li L, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Sun M, Xu T, Tian L, Lu M, Ren M, Liu Y, Li Y. Union is strength: matrix elasticity and microenvironmental factors codetermine stem cell differentiation fate. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 361:657-68. [PMID: 25956590 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are an attractive cellular source for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications due to their multipotency. Although the elasticity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been shown to have crucial impacts in directing stem cell differentiation, it is not the only contributing factor. Many researchers have recently attempted to design microenvironments that mimic the stem cell niche with combinations of ECM elasticity and other cues, such as ECM physical properties, soluble biochemical factors and cell-cell interactions, thereby driving cells towards their preferred lineages. Here, we briefly discuss the effect of matrix elasticity on stem cell lineage specification and then summarize recent advances in the study of the combined effects of ECM elasticity and other cues on the differentiation of stem cells, focusing on two aspects: biophysical and biochemical factors. In the future, biomedical scientists will continue investigating the union strength of matrix elasticity and microenvironmental cues for manipulating stem cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pagliuca FW, Millman JR, Gürtler M, Segel M, Van Dervort A, Ryu JH, Peterson QP, Greiner D, Melton DA. Generation of functional human pancreatic β cells in vitro. Cell 2015; 159:428-39. [PMID: 25303535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1418] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of insulin-producing pancreatic β cells from stem cells in vitro would provide an unprecedented cell source for drug discovery and cell transplantation therapy in diabetes. However, insulin-producing cells previously generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) lack many functional characteristics of bona fide β cells. Here, we report a scalable differentiation protocol that can generate hundreds of millions of glucose-responsive β cells from hPSC in vitro. These stem-cell-derived β cells (SC-β) express markers found in mature β cells, flux Ca(2+) in response to glucose, package insulin into secretory granules, and secrete quantities of insulin comparable to adult β cells in response to multiple sequential glucose challenges in vitro. Furthermore, these cells secrete human insulin into the serum of mice shortly after transplantation in a glucose-regulated manner, and transplantation of these cells ameliorates hyperglycemia in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia W Pagliuca
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mads Gürtler
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Segel
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alana Van Dervort
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jennifer Hyoje Ryu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Quinn P Peterson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dale Greiner
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 368 Plantation Street, AS7-2051, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Douglas A Melton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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53
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Guven S, Lindsey JS, Poudel I, Chinthala S, Nickerson MD, Gerami-Naini B, Gurkan UA, Anchan RM, Demirci U. Functional maintenance of differentiated embryoid bodies in microfluidic systems: a platform for personalized medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:261-8. [PMID: 25666845 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone replacement therapies have become important for treating diseases such as premature ovarian failure or menopausal complications. The clinical use of bioidentical hormones might significantly reduce some of the potential risks reportedly associated with the use of synthetic hormones. In the present study, we demonstrate the utility and advantage of a microfluidic chip culture system to enhance the development of personalized, on-demand, treatment modules using embryoid bodies (EBs). Functional EBs cultured on microfluidic chips represent a platform for personalized, patient-specific treatment cassettes that can be cryopreserved until required for treatment. We assessed the viability, differentiation, and functionality of EBs cultured and cryopreserved in this system. During extended microfluidic culture, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and anti-müllerian hormone levels were measured, and the expression of differentiated steroidogenic cells was confirmed by immunocytochemistry assay for the ovarian tissue markers anti-müllerian hormone receptor type II, follicle-stimulating hormone receptor, and inhibin β-A and the estrogen biosynthesis enzyme aromatase. Our studies showed that under microfluidic conditions, differentiated steroidogenic EBs continued to secrete estradiol and progesterone at physiologically relevant concentrations (30-120 pg/ml and 150-450 pg/ml, respectively) for up to 21 days. Collectively, we have demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of using a microfluidic chip system with continuous flow for the differentiation and extended culture of functional steroidogenic stem cell-derived EBs, the differentiation of EBs into cells expressing ovarian antigens in a microfluidic system, and the ability to cryopreserve this system with restoration of growth and functionality on thawing. These results present a platform for the development of a new therapeutic system for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Guven
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer S Lindsey
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ishwari Poudel
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sireesha Chinthala
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Nickerson
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Behzad Gerami-Naini
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Umut A Gurkan
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond M Anchan
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- BAMM Labs, Canary Center at Stanford for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA; BAMM Labs, Department of Medicine and Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Davies SG, Kennewell PD, Russell AJ, Seden PT, Westwood R, Wynne GM. Stemistry: the control of stem cells in situ using chemistry. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2863-94. [PMID: 25590360 DOI: 10.1021/jm500838d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm for drug research has emerged, namely the deliberate search for molecules able to selectively affect the proliferation, differentiation, and migration of adult stem cells within the tissues in which they exist. Recently, there has been significant interest in medicinal chemistry toward the discovery and design of low molecular weight molecules that affect stem cells and thus have novel therapeutic activity. We believe that a successful agent from such a discover program would have profound effects on the treatment of many long-term degenerative disorders. Among these conditions are examples such as cardiovascular decay, neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration, all of which have significant unmet medical needs. This perspective will review evidence from the literature that indicates that discovery of such agents is achievable and represents a worthwhile pursuit for the skills of the medicinal chemist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Davies
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter D Kennewell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Angela J Russell
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.,‡Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3QT, U.K
| | - Peter T Seden
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Robert Westwood
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Graham M Wynne
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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55
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Han Y, Bai T, Liu W. Controlled heterogeneous stem cell differentiation on a shape memory hydrogel surface. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5815. [PMID: 25068211 PMCID: PMC5376171 DOI: 10.1038/srep05815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of stem cell therapies is highly dependent on the ability to control their programmed differentiation. So far, it is commonly believed that the differentiation behavior of stem cells is supposed to be identical when they are cultured on the same homogeneous platform. However, in this report, we show that this is not always true. By utilizing a double-ion-triggered shape memory effect, the pre-seeded hMSCs were controllably located in different growth positions. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the differentiation behavior of hMSCs is highly sensitive to their growth position on a hydrogel scaffold. This work will not only enrich the mechanisms for controlling the differentiation of stem cells, but also offer a one-of-a-kind platform to achieve a heterogeneously differentiated stem cell-seeded hydrogel scaffold for complex biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Han
- 1] Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China [2]
| | - Tao Bai
- 1] Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China [2]
| | - Wenguang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering(Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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56
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Mansouri A, Esmaeili F, Nejatpour A, Houshmand F, Shabani L, Ebrahimie E. Differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells into insulin-producing cells promoted by pancreas-conditioned medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 10:600-12. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Shahrekord University; Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Shahrekord University; Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences; University of Isfahan; Iran
| | | | - Fariba Houshmand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences; Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences; Shahrekord University; Iran
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Shahrekord University; Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Institute of Biotechnology; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Science; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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57
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Abstract
Cell therapy has enormous potential for the treatment of conditions of unmet medical need. Cell therapy may be applied to diabetes mellitus in the context of beta cell replacement or for the treatment of diabetic complications. A large number of cell types including hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, conditioned lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, or a combination of these cells have been shown to be safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. The first part of this review article will focus on the current perspective of the role of embryonic stem cells and inducible pluripotent stem cells for beta cell replacement and the current clinical data on cell-based therapy for the restoration of normoglycemia. The second part of this review will highlight the therapeutic role of MSCs in islet cells cotransplantation and the management of diabetes related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Liew
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), National University Ireland Galway (NUIG), Galway, Ireland
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