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Ogbaga CC, Athar HUR, Amir M, Bano H, Chater CC, Jellason NP. Clarity on frequently asked questions about drought measurements in plant physiology. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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52
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Hinman ED, Fridley JD. Impacts of experimental defoliation on native and invasive saplings: are native species more resilient to canopy disturbance? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:969-979. [PMID: 32268378 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many non-native, invasive woody species in mesic forests of North America are both shade tolerant and more productive than their native counterparts, but their ability to tolerate disturbances remains unclear. In particular, complete defoliation associated with herbivory and extreme weather events may have larger impacts on invaders if natives maintain greater resource reserves to support regrowth. On the other hand, invaders may be more resilient to partial defoliation by means of upregulation of photosynthesis or may be better able to take advantage of canopy gaps to support refoliation. Across a light gradient, we measured radial growth, new leaf production, non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs), chlorophyll content and survival in response to varying levels of defoliation in saplings of two native and two invasive species that commonly co-occur in deciduous forests of Eastern North America. Individuals were subjected to one of the four leaf removal treatments: no-defoliation controls, 50% defoliation over three growing seasons, 100% defoliation over one growing season and 100% defoliation over two growing seasons. Contrary to our hypothesis, native and invasive species generally did not differ in defoliation responses, although invasive species experienced more pronounced decreases in leaf chlorophyll following full defoliation and native species' survival was more dependent on light availability. Radial growth progressively decreased with increasing defoliation intensity, and refoliation mass was largely a function of sapling size. Survival rates for half-defoliated saplings did not differ from controls (90% of saplings survived), but survival rates in fully defoliated individuals over one and two growing seasons were reduced to 45 and 15%, respectively. Surviving defoliated saplings generally maintained control NSC concentrations. Under high light, chlorophyll concentrations were higher in half-defoliated saplings compared with controls, which may suggest photosynthetic upregulation. Our results indicate that native and invasive species respond similarly to defoliation, despite the generally faster growth strategy of invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Hinman
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jason D Fridley
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Grieco M, Roustan V, Dermendjiev G, Rantala S, Jain A, Leonardelli M, Neumann K, Berger V, Engelmeier D, Bachmann G, Ebersberger I, Aro E, Weckwerth W, Teige M. Adjustment of photosynthetic activity to drought and fluctuating light in wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1484-1500. [PMID: 32176335 PMCID: PMC7384038 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major cause of losses in crop yield. Under field conditions, plants exposed to drought are usually also experiencing rapid changes in light intensity. Accordingly, plants need to acclimate to both, drought and light stress. Two crucial mechanisms in plant acclimation to changes in light conditions comprise thylakoid protein phosphorylation and dissipation of light energy as heat by non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Here, we analyzed the acclimation efficacy of two different wheat varieties, by applying fluctuating light for analysis of plants, which had been subjected to a slowly developing drought stress as it usually occurs in the field. This novel approach allowed us to distinguish four drought phases, which are critical for grain yield, and to discover acclimatory responses which are independent of photodamage. In short-term, under fluctuating light, the slowdown of NPQ relaxation adjusts the photosynthetic activity to the reduced metabolic capacity. In long-term, the photosynthetic machinery acquires a drought-specific configuration by changing the PSII-LHCII phosphorylation pattern together with protein stoichiometry. Therefore, the fine-tuning of NPQ relaxation and PSII-LHCII phosphorylation pattern represent promising traits for future crop breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Grieco
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Valentin Roustan
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Sanna Rantala
- Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Arpit Jain
- Applied Bioinformatics GroupInstitute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Kerstin Neumann
- Department of Genebank, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK)SeelandGermany
| | - Vitus Berger
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Doris Engelmeier
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ingo Ebersberger
- Applied Bioinformatics GroupInstitute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe‐University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (S‐BIK‐F)FrankfurtGermany
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity GenomicsFrankfurtGermany
| | - Eva‐Mari Aro
- Molecular Plant BiologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Markus Teige
- Ecogenomics and Systems BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Max Perutz Labs, Department of Biochemistry & Cell BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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54
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De Roo L, Salomón RL, Steppe K. Woody tissue photosynthesis reduces stem CO 2 efflux by half and remains unaffected by drought stress in young Populus tremula trees. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:981-991. [PMID: 31884680 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A substantial portion of locally respired CO2 in stems can be assimilated by chloroplast-containing tissues. Woody tissue photosynthesis (Pwt ) therefore plays a major role in the stem carbon balance. To study the impact of Pwt on stem carbon cycling along a gradient of water availability, stem CO2 efflux (EA ), xylem CO2 concentration ([CO2 ]), and xylem water potential (Ψxylem ) were measured in 4-year-old Populus tremula L. trees exposed to drought stress and different regimes of light exclusion of woody tissues. Under well-watered conditions, local Pwt decreased EA up to 30%. Axial CO2 diffusion (Dax ) induced by distant Pwt caused an additional decrease in EA of up to 25% and limited xylem [CO2 ] build-up. Under drought stress, absolute decreases in EA driven by Pwt remained stable, denoting that Pwt was not affected by drought. At the end of the dry period, when transpiration was low, local Pwt and Dax offset 20% and 10% of stem respiration on a daily basis, respectively. These results highlight (a) the importance of Pwt for an adequate interpretation of EA measurements and (b) homeostatic Pwt along a drought stress gradient, which might play a crucial role to fuel stem metabolism when leaf carbon uptake and phloem transport are limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus De Roo
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberto Luis Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kumarathunge DP, Drake JE, Tjoelker MG, López R, Pfautsch S, Vårhammar A, Medlyn BE. The temperature optima for tree seedling photosynthesis and growth depend on water inputs. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2544-2560. [PMID: 31883292 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how tree growth is affected by rising temperature is a key to predicting the fate of forests in future warmer climates. Increasing temperature has direct effects on plant physiology, but there are also indirect effects of increased water limitation because evaporative demand increases with temperature in many systems. In this study, we experimentally resolved the direct and indirect effects of temperature on the response of growth and photosynthesis of the widely distributed species Eucalyptus tereticornis. We grew E. tereticornis in an array of six growth temperatures from 18 to 35.5°C, spanning the climatic distribution of the species, with two watering treatments: (a) water inputs increasing with temperature to match plant demand at all temperatures (Wincr ), isolating the direct effect of temperature; and (b) water inputs constant for all temperatures, matching demand for coolest grown plants (Wconst ), such that water limitation increased with growth temperature. We found that constant water inputs resulted in a reduction of temperature optima for both photosynthesis and growth by ~3°C compared to increasing water inputs. Water limitation particularly reduced the total amount of leaf area displayed at Topt and intermediate growth temperatures. The reduction in photosynthesis could be attributed to lower leaf water potential and consequent stomatal closure. The reduction in growth was a result of decreased photosynthesis, reduced total leaf area display and a reduction in specific leaf area. Water availability had no effect on the response of stem and root respiration to warming, but we observed lower leaf respiration rates under constant water inputs compared to increasing water inputs at higher growth temperatures. Overall, this study demonstrates that the indirect effect of increasing water limitation strongly modifies the potential response of tree growth to rising global temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushan P Kumarathunge
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Plant Physiology Division, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, Lunuwila, Sri Lanka
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosana López
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Pfautsch
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelica Vårhammar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda E Medlyn
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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56
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Baysal C, Pérez-González A, Eseverri Á, Jiang X, Medina V, Caro E, Rubio L, Christou P, Zhu C. Recognition motifs rather than phylogenetic origin influence the ability of targeting peptides to import nuclear-encoded recombinant proteins into rice mitochondria. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:37-52. [PMID: 31598902 PMCID: PMC7000509 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfil essential functions in respiration and metabolism as well as regulating stress responses and apoptosis. Most native mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and are imported into mitochondria via one of several receptors that recognize N-terminal signal peptides. The targeting of recombinant proteins to mitochondria therefore requires the presence of an appropriate N-terminal peptide, but little is known about mitochondrial import in monocotyledonous plants such as rice (Oryza sativa). To gain insight into this phenomenon, we targeted nuclear-encoded enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to rice mitochondria using six mitochondrial pre-sequences with diverse phylogenetic origins, and investigated their effectiveness by immunoblot analysis as well as confocal and electron microscopy. We found that the ATPA and COX4 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), SU9 (Neurospora crassa), pFA (Arabidopsis thaliana) and OsSCSb (Oryza sativa) peptides successfully directed most of the eGFP to the mitochondria, whereas the MTS2 peptide (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) showed little or no evidence of targeting ability even though it is a native plant sequence. Our data therefore indicate that the presence of particular recognition motifs may be required for mitochondrial targeting, whereas the phylogenetic origin of the pre-sequences probably does not play a key role in the success of mitochondrial targeting in dedifferentiated rice callus and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Baysal
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-González
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Eseverri
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xi Jiang
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Caro
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Sun L, Song F, Guo J, Zhu X, Liu S, Liu F, Li X. Nano-ZnO-Induced Drought Tolerance Is Associated with Melatonin Synthesis and Metabolism in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030782. [PMID: 31991760 PMCID: PMC7037681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The applications of ZnO nanoparticles in agriculture have largely contributed to crop growth regulation, quality enhancement, and induction of stress tolerance, while the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Herein, the involvement of melatonin synthesis and metabolism in the process of nano-ZnO induced drought tolerance was investigated in maize. Drought stress resulted in the changes of subcellular ultrastructure, the accumulation of malondialdehyde and osmolytes in leaf. The nano-ZnO (100 mg L-1) application promoted the melatonin synthesis and activated the antioxidant enzyme system, which alleviated drought-induced damage to mitochondria and chloroplast. These changes were associated with upregulation of the relative transcript abundance of Fe/Mn SOD, Cu/Zn SOD, APX, CAT, TDC, SNAT, COMT, and ASMT induced by nano-ZnO application. It was suggested that modifications in endogenous melatonin synthesis were involved in the nano-ZnO induced drought tolerance in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.S.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.S.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-431-8253-6087 (X.L.); Fax: +86-431-8253-6087 (X.L.)
| | - Junhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.S.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Xiancan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Shengqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.S.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup 2630, Denmark;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (L.S.); (J.G.); (S.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-431-8253-6087 (X.L.); Fax: +86-431-8253-6087 (X.L.)
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Melandri G, AbdElgawad H, Riewe D, Hageman JA, Asard H, Beemster GTS, Kadam N, Jagadish K, Altmann T, Ruyter-Spira C, Bouwmeester H. Biomarkers for grain yield stability in rice under drought stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:669-683. [PMID: 31087074 PMCID: PMC6946010 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crop yield stability requires an attenuation of the reduction of yield losses caused by environmental stresses such as drought. Using a combination of metabolomics and high-throughput colorimetric assays, we analysed central metabolism and oxidative stress status in the flag leaf of 292 indica rice (Oryza sativa) accessions. Plants were grown in the field and were, at the reproductive stage, exposed to either well-watered or drought conditions to identify the metabolic processes associated with drought-induced grain yield loss. Photorespiration, protein degradation, and nitrogen recycling were the main processes involved in the drought-induced leaf metabolic reprogramming. Molecular markers of drought tolerance and sensitivity in terms of grain yield were identified using a multivariate model based on the values of the metabolites and enzyme activities across the population. The model highlights the central role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, particularly dehydroascorbate reductase, in minimizing drought-induced grain yield loss. In contrast, malondialdehyde was an accurate biomarker for grain yield loss, suggesting that drought-induced lipid peroxidation is the major constraint under these conditions. These findings highlight new breeding targets for improved rice grain yield stability under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melandri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - David Riewe
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Ecological Chemistry, Plant Analysis and Stored Product Protection, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jos A Hageman
- Wageningen University and Research, Biometris, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Asard
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niteen Kadam
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
| | - Krishna Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Carolien Ruyter-Spira
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harro Bouwmeester
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Clemente-Moreno MJ, Omranian N, Sáez P, Figueroa CM, Del-Saz N, Elso M, Poblete L, Orf I, Cuadros-Inostroza A, Cavieres L, Bravo L, Fernie A, Ribas-Carbó M, Flexas J, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y, Gago J. Cytochrome respiration pathway and sulphur metabolism sustain stress tolerance to low temperature in the Antarctic species Colobanthus quitensis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:754-768. [PMID: 31489634 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the strategies employed by plant species that live in extreme environments offers the possibility to discover stress tolerance mechanisms. We studied the physiological, antioxidant and metabolic responses to three temperature conditions (4, 15, and 23°C) of Colobanthus quitensis (CQ), one of the only two native vascular species in Antarctica. We also employed Dianthus chinensis (DC), to assess the effects of the treatments in a non-Antarctic species from the same family. Using fused LASSO modelling, we associated physiological and biochemical antioxidant responses with primary metabolism. This approach allowed us to highlight the metabolic pathways driving the response specific to CQ. Low temperature imposed dramatic reductions in photosynthesis (up to 88%) but not in respiration (sustaining rates of 3.0-4.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ) in CQ, and no change in the physiological stress parameters was found. Its notable antioxidant capacity and mitochondrial cytochrome respiratory activity (20 and two times higher than DC, respectively), which ensure ATP production even at low temperature, was significantly associated with sulphur-containing metabolites and polyamines. Our findings potentially open new biotechnological opportunities regarding the role of antioxidant compounds and respiratory mechanisms associated with sulphur metabolism in stress tolerance strategies to low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Clemente-Moreno
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Nooshin Omranian
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Patricia Sáez
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos María Figueroa
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, UNL, CONICET, FBCB, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Néstor Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Mhartyn Elso
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leticia Poblete
- Laboratorio Cultivo de Tejidos Vegetales, Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - Isabel Orf
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Lohengrin Cavieres
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000, Concepción, Chile
| | - León Bravo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Cs. Agronómicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Instituto de Agroindustria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Molecular Physiology Department, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Golm, Germany
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), cta. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Elucidating Drought Stress Tolerance in European Oaks Through Cross-Species Transcriptomics. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:3181-3199. [PMID: 31395652 PMCID: PMC6778798 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The impact of climate change that comes with a dramatic increase of long periods of extreme summer drought associated with heat is a fundamental challenge for European forests. As a result, forests are expected to shift their distribution patterns toward north-east, which may lead to a dramatic loss in value of European forest land. Consequently, unraveling key processes that underlie drought stress tolerance is not only of great scientific but also of utmost economic importance for forests to withstand future heat and drought wave scenarios. To reveal drought stress-related molecular patterns we applied cross-species comparative transcriptomics of three major European oak species: the less tolerant deciduous pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), the deciduous but quite tolerant pubescent oak (Q. pubescens), and the very tolerant evergreen holm oak (Q. ilex). We found 415, 79, and 222 differentially expressed genes during drought stress in Q. robur, Q. pubescens, and Q. ilex, respectively, indicating species-specific response mechanisms. Further, by comparative orthologous gene family analysis, 517 orthologous genes could be characterized that may play an important role in drought stress adaptation on the genus level. New regulatory candidate pathways and genes in the context of drought stress response were identified, highlighting the importance of the antioxidant capacity, the mitochondrial respiration machinery, the lignification of the water transport system, and the suppression of drought-induced senescence - providing a valuable knowledge base that could be integrated in breeding programs in the face of climate change.
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Chomel M, Lavallee JM, Alvarez‐Segura N, de Castro F, Rhymes JM, Caruso T, de Vries FT, Baggs EM, Emmerson MC, Bardgett RD, Johnson D. Drought decreases incorporation of recent plant photosynthate into soil food webs regardless of their trophic complexity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3549-3561. [PMID: 31301198 PMCID: PMC6851989 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Theory suggests that more complex food webs promote stability and can buffer the effects of perturbations, such as drought, on soil organisms and ecosystem functions. Here, we tested experimentally how soil food web trophic complexity modulates the response to drought of soil functions related to carbon cycling and the capture and transfer below-ground of recent photosynthate by plants. We constructed experimental systems comprising soil communities with one, two or three trophic levels (microorganisms, detritivores and predators) and subjected them to drought. We investigated how food web trophic complexity in interaction with drought influenced litter decomposition, soil CO2 efflux, mycorrhizal colonization, fungal production, microbial communities and soil fauna biomass. Plants were pulse-labelled after the drought with 13 C-CO2 to quantify the capture of recent photosynthate and its transfer below-ground. Overall, our results show that drought and soil food web trophic complexity do not interact to affect soil functions and microbial community composition, but act independently, with an overall stronger effect of drought. After drought, the net uptake of 13 C by plants was reduced and its retention in plant biomass was greater, leading to a strong decrease in carbon transfer below-ground. Although food web trophic complexity influenced the biomass of Collembola and fungal hyphal length, 13 C enrichment and the net transfer of carbon from plant shoots to microbes and soil CO2 efflux were not affected significantly by varying the number of trophic groups. Our results indicate that drought has a strong effect on above-ground-below-ground linkages by reducing the flow of recent photosynthate. Our results emphasize the sensitivity of the critical pathway of recent photosynthate transfer from plants to soil organisms to a drought perturbation, and show that these effects may not be mitigated by the trophic complexity of soil communities, at least at the level manipulated in this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chomel
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Jocelyn M. Lavallee
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Department of Soil and Crop SciencesColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Nil Alvarez‐Segura
- Marine and Continental Waters ProgramIRTASant Carles de la RàpitaCataloniaSpain
| | | | - Jennifer M. Rhymes
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | - Tancredi Caruso
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University of BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Franciska T. de Vries
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth M. Baggs
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Mark C. Emmerson
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen's University of BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Richard D. Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - David Johnson
- School of Earth and Environmental SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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Kruse J, Adams M, Winkler B, Ghirardo A, Alfarraj S, Kreuzwieser J, Hedrich R, Schnitzler JP, Rennenberg H. Optimization of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in the date palm Phoenix dactylifera during acclimation to heat and drought. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1973-1988. [PMID: 31093986 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied acclimation of leaf gas exchange to differing seasonal climate and soil water availability in slow-growing date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seedlings. We used an extended Arrhenius equation to describe instantaneous temperature responses of leaf net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (G), and derived physiological parameters suitable for characterization of acclimation (Topt , Aopt and Tequ ). Optimum temperature of A (Topt ) ranged between 20-33°C in winter and 28-45°C in summer. Growth temperature (Tgrowth ) explained c. 50% of the variation in Topt , which additionally depended on leaf water status at the time of measurement. During water stress, light-saturated rates of A at Topt (i.e. Aopt ) were reduced to 30-80% of control levels, albeit not limited by CO2 supply per se. Equilibrium temperature (Tequ ), around which A/G and substomatal [CO2 ] are constant, remained tightly coupled with Topt . Our results suggest that acclimatory shifts in Topt and Aopt reflect a balance between maximization of photosynthesis and minimization of the risk of metabolic perturbations caused by imbalances in cellular [CO2 ]. This novel perspective on acclimation of leaf gas exchange is compatible with optimization theory, and might help to elucidate other acclimation and growth strategies in species adapted to differing climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kruse
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mark Adams
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, John St., Hawthorn, Vic., 3122, Australia
| | - Barbro Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jürgen Kreuzwieser
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97082, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Tree Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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63
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Elkonin LA, Kozhemyakin VV, Tsvetova MI. The sporophytic type of fertility restoration in the A3 CMS-inducing cytoplasm of sorghum and its modification by plant water availability conditions. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2019. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The A3 type of CMS in sorghum is one of the most difficult to restore fertility because of the low frequency of fertilityrestoring genes among sorghum accessions, the complex mechanism of fertility restoration that occurs with the complementary interaction of two gametophytic genes Rf3 and Rf4, and the sensitivity of their expression to air and soil drought. In order to test the hypothesis of the sporophytic type of fertility restoration in CMS lines with A3 type cytoplasm developed in our laboratory, we analyzed segregation in the self-pollinated progeny of fertile F1hybrids grown under different water availability conditions (in a dryland plot, in plots with additional irrigation, in a growth chamber, and in an experimental field with a natural precipitation regime) and in their backcrosses to the maternal CMS-line. The presence of sterile plants in the F2 and BC1 families with the maternal CMS line grown in all tested water availability conditions argues for the sporophytic mechanism of fertility restoration. Cytological analysis of fertile F1 hybrids revealed a significant amount of degenerating pollen grains (PGs) with impaired starch accumulation and detachment of the PG contents from the cell wall. It is assumed that the expression of the fertility-restoring genes Rf3 and Rf4 in the hybrids with studied CMS lines starts already in the sporophyte tissues, normalizing the development of a certain part of the PGs carrying the recessive alleles of these genes (rf3 and rf4), which are involved in fertilization and give rise to sterile genotypes found in F2 and BC1 families. For the first time, the transgenerational effect of water availability conditions of growing a fertility-restoring line on male fertility of the F2 generation was detected: a pollinator grown in a plot with additional irrigation produced more fertile and less sterile individuals compared to the same pollinator grown under a rainfall shelter (p < 0.01), and the segregation pattern changed from digenic to monogenic, indicating heritable inhibition of the expression of one of the fertility-restoring genes (kind of “grandfather effect”). The possibility of selection for the stability of the fertility restoration system of the A3 cytoplasm to functioning under conditions of high vapor pressure deficit during the flowering period was shown. These data may contribute to the creation of effective fertility restoring lines for this type of CMS in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Elkonin
- Agricultural Research Institute for South-East Region
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Réthoré E, d'Andrea S, Benamar A, Cukier C, Tolleter D, Limami AM, Avelange-Macherel MH, Macherel D. Arabidopsis seedlings display a remarkable resilience under severe mineral starvation using their metabolic plasticity to remain self-sufficient for weeks. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:302-315. [PMID: 30900791 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the life cycle of plants, seedlings are considered vulnerable because they are at the interface between the highly stress tolerant seed embryos and the established plant, and must develop rapidly, often in a challenging environment, with limited access to nutrients and light. Using a simple experimental system, whereby the seedling stage of Arabidopsis is considerably prolonged by nutrient starvation, we analysed the physiology and metabolism of seedlings maintained in such conditions up to 4 weeks. Although development was arrested at the cotyledon stage, there was no sign of senescence and seedlings remained viable for weeks, yielding normal plants after transplantation. Photosynthetic activity compensated for respiratory carbon losses, and energy dissipation by photorespiration and alternative oxidase appeared important. Photosynthates were essentially stored as organic acids, while the pool of free amino acids remained stable. Seedlings lost the capacity to store lipids in cytosolic lipid droplets, but developed large plastoglobuli. Arabidopsis seedlings arrested in their development because of mineral starvation displayed therefore a remarkable resilience, using their metabolic and physiological plasticity to maintain a steady state for weeks, allowing resumption of development when favourable conditions ensue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Réthoré
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Sabine d'Andrea
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Abdelilah Benamar
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Caroline Cukier
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Dimitri Tolleter
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Anis M Limami
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | | | - David Macherel
- IRHS, Université d'Angers, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, SFR 4207 Quasav, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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65
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Song X, Yue X, Chen W, Jiang H, Han Y, Li X. Detection of Cadmium Risk to the Photosynthetic Performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:798. [PMID: 31281328 PMCID: PMC6596316 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis plays an essential role in plant growth and crop yield, and the mechanisms of the effects of cadmium (Cd) on photosynthetic performance require more attention. The acute toxicity of Cd in soil to the photosynthetic capacity of Hybrid Pennisetum was evaluated using gas exchange parameters, A/Ci curves, light response curves, and chlorophyll a fluorescence transients after exposure to elevated Cd concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, 70, and 100 mg kg-1) for a 3-month period. The results indicated that leaf Cd concentration in Hybrid Pennisetum increased with the strength of soil Cd stress and ranged from 4.9 to 15.8 μg g-1 DW. The accumulation of leaf Cd severely restricted photosynthesis and its non-stomatal limitation in regulating the photosynthetic performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. The leaf chloroplasts at 10 and 20 mg kg-1 Cd concentrations showed no noticeable change, but the chlorophyll content significantly decreased by 9.0-20.4% at 50-100 mg kg-1 Cd concentrations. The Cd treatments also decreased plant ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) activity (Vcmax ) and regeneration capacity (Jmax ), triose phosphate utilization (TPU), light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax ), apparent quantum yield (AQY), light saturation point (LSP), and dark respiration (Rday ), but Cd treatment increased the light compensation point (LCP). The shape of chlorophyll a fluorescence transients in leaves was altered under different Cd treatments. The increased OJ phase and the decreased IP phase in fluorescence induction curves suggested that Cd toxicity inhibited both light use efficiency and photodamage avoidance ability. These results suggested that the decrease in photosynthesis through exposure to Cd may be a result of the decrease in leaf chlorophyll content, Rubisco activity, and RuBP regeneration, inhibition of triose phosphate utilization, reduction of the ability to use light and provide energy, and restrictions on electron transport in PSII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Phyto-Microremediation in Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Yue
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Weifeng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Phyto-Microremediation in Saline-Alkali Land, Shandong, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Shandong Province Grass Products Quality Inspection Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yanyun Han
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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66
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Wada S, Takagi D, Miyake C, Makino A, Suzuki Y. Responses of the Photosynthetic Electron Transport Reactions Stimulate the Oxidation of the Reaction Center Chlorophyll of Photosystem I, P700, under Drought and High Temperatures in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092068. [PMID: 31027369 PMCID: PMC6539619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest how photosynthetic electron transport (PET) reactions respond to excess light energy caused by the combination of drought stress and high temperatures. Since such information is scarcely available for photosystem I (PSI), this question was explored in rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants subjected to drought stress, using culture solutions that contain poly(ethylene glycol) at different concentrations under two day/night temperature regimes. At 27/22 °C (day/night), drought stress led to the oxidation of the reaction center of the chlorophyll of PSI (P700), and also led to decreases in the quantum efficiencies of photosystem II (PSII) and PSI, and a reduction of the primary quinone electron acceptor of PSI. Such drought stress responses were wholly stimulated at 35/30 °C. These parameters were strongly correlated with each other and were minimally affected by temperature. These results indicate that the drought stress responses of the respective PET reactions are closely associated with each other in the oxidization of P700 and that such responses are stimulated at high temperatures. The underlying mechanisms of these phenomena were discussed. While P700 oxidation is thought to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, PSI photoinhibition was observed under severe stress conditions, implying that P700 oxidation is not sufficient for the protection of PSI under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Wada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Takagi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Amane Makino
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan.
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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67
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Laxa M, Liebthal M, Telman W, Chibani K, Dietz KJ. The Role of the Plant Antioxidant System in Drought Tolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E94. [PMID: 30965652 PMCID: PMC6523806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water deficiency compromises plant performance and yield in many habitats and in agriculture. In addition to survival of the acute drought stress period which depends on plant-genotype-specific characteristics, stress intensity and duration, also the speed and efficiency of recovery determine plant performance. Drought-induced deregulation of metabolism enhances generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which in turn affect the redox regulatory state of the cell. Strong correlative and analytical evidence assigns a major role in drought tolerance to the redox regulatory and antioxidant system. This review compiles current knowledge on the response and function of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide under drought stress in various species and drought stress regimes. The meta-analysis of reported changes in transcript and protein amounts, and activities of components of the antioxidant and redox network support the tentative conclusion that drought tolerance is more tightly linked to up-regulated ascorbate-dependent antioxidant activity than to the response of the thiol-redox regulatory network. The significance of the antioxidant system in surviving severe phases of dehydration is further supported by the strong antioxidant system usually encountered in resurrection plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Laxa
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Michael Liebthal
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Wilena Telman
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Kamel Chibani
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany.
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68
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O'Leary BM, Asao S, Millar AH, Atkin OK. Core principles which explain variation in respiration across biological scales. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:670-686. [PMID: 30394553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 670 I. Introduction 671 II. Principle 1 - Plant respiration performs three distinct functions 673 III. Principle 2 - Metabolic pathway flexibility underlies plant respiratory performance 676 IV. Principle 3 - Supply and demand interact over time to set plant respiration rate 677 V. Principle 4 - Plant respiratory acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities 679 VI. Principle 5 - Respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies 680 VII. Future directions 680 Acknowledgements 682 References 682 SUMMARY: Respiration is a core biological process that has important implications for the biochemistry, physiology, and ecology of plants. The study of plant respiration is thus conducted from several different perspectives by a range of scientific disciplines with dissimilar objectives, such as metabolic engineering, crop breeding, and climate-change modelling. One aspect in common among the different objectives is a need to understand and quantify the variation in respiration across scales of biological organization. The central tenet of this review is that different perspectives on respiration can complement each other when connected. To better accommodate interdisciplinary thinking, we identify distinct mechanisms which encompass the variation in respiratory rates and functions across biological scales. The relevance of these mechanisms towards variation in plant respiration are explained in the context of five core principles: (1) respiration performs three distinct functions; (2) metabolic pathway flexibility underlies respiratory performance; (3) supply and demand interact over time to set respiration rates; (4) acclimation involves adjustments in enzyme capacities; and (5) respiration is a complex trait that helps to define, and is impacted by, plant lifestyle strategies. We argue that each perspective on respiration rests on these principles to varying degrees and that broader appreciation of how respiratory variation occurs can unite research across scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan M O'Leary
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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69
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Wang XM, Wang XK, Su YB, Zhang HX. Land pavement depresses photosynthesis in urban trees especially under drought stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:120-130. [PMID: 30408660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into the photosynthetic response of urban trees on paved land under drought stress would help to improve the management of trees under rapid urbanization and climate change. An experiment was designed to grow two common greening tree saplings, ash (Fraxinus chinensis Roxb.) and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.), in environments of both land pavement and drought. The results showed that (1) land pavement increased surface and air temperatures and decreased air humidity as well as net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic capacity (Amax) of ginkgo significantly; (2) drought significantly decreased Pn, Amax and maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) as well as other photosynthetic parameters of both ash and ginkgo; (3) the negative effects of the combination of land pavement and drought on photosynthetic parameters were more significant than the effects of drought treatment for both ash and ginkgo. This implies that urban trees, especially those growing on land pavements, will confront harsher environments and a greater decline of photosynthesis under the severe and more frequent droughts predicted in the future. Overall, ash showed more tolerance to land pavement and drought than ginkgo, indicating that the selection of tolerant tree species is important for urban planting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yue-Bo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Beijing Urban Ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Gayen D, Gayali S, Barua P, Lande NV, Varshney S, Sengupta S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Dehydration-induced proteomic landscape of mitochondria in chickpea reveals large-scale coordination of key biological processes. J Proteomics 2019; 192:267-279. [PMID: 30243939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play crucial roles in regulating multiple biological processes particularly electron transfer and energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Exposure to water-deficit or dehydration may affect mitochondrial function, and dehydration response may dictate cell fate decisions. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome of a winter legume, chickpea, demonstrated the central metabolic alterations in mitochondria, presumably involved in dehydration adaptation. Three-week-old chickpea seedlings were subjected to progressive dehydration and the magnitude of dehydration-induced compensatory physiological responses was monitored in terms of physicochemical characteristics and mitochondrial architecture. The proteomics analysis led to the identification of 40 dehydration-responsive proteins whose expressions were significantly modulated by dehydration. The differentially expressed proteins were implicated in different metabolic processes, with obvious functional tendencies toward purine-thiamine metabolic network, pathways of carbon fixation and oxidative phosphorylation. The linearity of dehydration-induced proteome alteration was examined with transcript abundance of randomly selected candidates under multivariate stress conditions. The differentially regulated proteins were validated through sequence analysis. An extensive sequence based localization prediction revealed >62.5% proteins to be mitochondrial resident by, at least, one prediction algorithm. The results altogether provide intriguing insights into the dehydration-responsive metabolic pathways and useful clues to identify crucial proteins linked to stress tolerance. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Investigation on plant mitochondrial proteome is of significance because it would allow a better understanding of mitochondrial function in plant adaptation to stress. Mitochondria are the unique organelles, which play a crucial role in energy metabolism and cellular homeostasis, particularly when exposed to stress conditions. Chickpea is one of the cultivated winter legumes, which enriches soil nitrogen and has very low water footprint and thus contributes to fortification of sustainable agriculture. We therefore examined the dehydration-responsive mitochondrial proteome landscape of chickpea and queried whether molecular interplay of mitochondrial proteins modulate dehydration tolerance. A total of 40 dehydration-induced mitochondrial proteins were identified, predicted to be involved in key metabolic processes. Our future efforts would focus on understanding both posttranslational modification and processing for comprehensive characterization of mitochondrial protein function. This approach will facilitate mining of more biomarkers linked to the tolerance trait and contribute to crop adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Gayen
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragya Barua
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Nilesh Vikram Lande
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Varshney
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Shantanu Sengupta
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna, Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India.
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71
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Salmon Y, Dietrich L, Sevanto S, Hölttä T, Dannoura M, Epron D. Drought impacts on tree phloem: from cell-level responses to ecological significance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:173-191. [PMID: 30726983 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
On-going climate change is increasing the risk of drought stress across large areas worldwide. Such drought events decrease ecosystem productivity and have been increasingly linked to tree mortality. Understanding how trees respond to water shortage is key to predicting the future of ecosystem functions. Phloem is at the core of the tree functions, moving resources such as non-structural carbohydrates, nutrients, and defence and information molecules across the whole plant. Phloem function and ability to transport resources is tightly controlled by the balance of carbon and water fluxes within the tree. As such, drought is expected to impact phloem function by decreasing the amount of available water and new photoassimilates. Yet, the effect of drought on the phloem has received surprisingly little attention in the last decades. Here we review existing knowledge on drought impacts on phloem transport from loading and unloading processes at cellular level to possible effects on long-distance transport and consequences to ecosystems via ecophysiological feedbacks. We also point to new research frontiers that need to be explored to improve our understanding of phloem function under drought. In particular, we show how phloem transport is affected differently by increasing drought intensity, from no response to a slowdown, and explore how severe drought might actually disrupt the phloem transport enough to threaten tree survival. Because transport of resources affects other organisms interacting with the tree, we also review the ecological consequences of phloem response to drought and especially predatory, mutualistic and competitive relations. Finally, as phloem is the main path for carbon from sources to sink, we show how drought can affect biogeochemical cycles through changes in phloem transport. Overall, existing knowledge is consistent with the hypotheses that phloem response to drought matters for understanding tree and ecosystem function. However, future research on a large range of species and ecosystems is urgently needed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Dietrich
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sanna Sevanto
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663 MA 495, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Latokartanonkaari 7, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Masako Dannoura
- Kyoto University, Laboratory of Ecosystem Production and Dynamics, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto, Japan
- Kyoto University, Laboratory of Forest Utilization, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Nancy, France
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72
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Ibrahim W, Qiu CW, Zhang C, Cao F, Shuijin Z, Wu F. Comparative physiological analysis in the tolerance to salinity and drought individual and combination in two cotton genotypes with contrasting salt tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:155-168. [PMID: 30006979 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity and drought are the two most common and frequently co-occurring abiotic stresses limiting cotton growth and productivity. However, physiological mechanisms of tolerance to such condition remain elusive. Greenhouse pot experiments were performed to study genotypic differences in response to single drought (4% soil moisture; D) and salinity (200 mM NaCl; S) stress and combined stresses (D + S) using two cotton genotypes Zhongmian 23 (salt-tolerant) and Zhongmian 41 (salt-sensitive). Our results showed that drought and salinity stresses, alone or in combination, caused significant reduction in plant growth, chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in the two cotton genotypes, with the largest impact visible under combined stress. Interestingly, Zhongmian 23 was more tolerant than Zhongmian 41 under the three stresses and displayed higher plant dry weight, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities compared to control, while those parameters were significantly decreased in salt-stresses Zhongmian 41 compared to control. Moreover, Na+ /K+ -ATPase activity was more enhanced in Zhongmian 23 than in Zhongmian 41 under salinity stress. However, under single drought stress and D + S stress no significant differences were observed between the two genotypes. No significant differences were detected in Ca2+ /Mg2+ -ATPase activity in Zhongmian 41, while in Zhongmian 23 it was increased under salinity stress. Furthermore, Zhongmian 23 accumulated more soluble sugar, glycine-betaine and K+ , but less Na+ under the three stresses compared with Zhongmian 41. Obvious changes in leaf and root tips cell ultrastructure was observed in the two cotton genotypes. However, Zhongmian 23 was less affected than Zhongmian 41 especially under salinity stress. These results give a novel insight into the mechanisms of single and combined effects of drought and salinity stresses on cotton genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Ibrahim
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhu Shuijin
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Department of Agronomy and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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Osmolovskaya N, Shumilina J, Kim A, Didio A, Grishina T, Bilova T, Keltsieva OA, Zhukov V, Tikhonovich I, Tarakhovskaya E, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. Methodology of Drought Stress Research: Experimental Setup and Physiological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4089. [PMID: 30563000 PMCID: PMC6321153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of plants. In this context, drought-related losses of crop plant productivity impede sustainable agriculture all over the world. In general, plants respond to water deficits by multiple physiological and metabolic adaptations at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. To understand the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, adequate stress models and arrays of reliable stress markers are required. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively address currently available models of drought stress, based on culturing plants in soil, hydroponically, or in agar culture, and critically discuss advantages and limitations of each design. We also address the methodology of drought stress characterization and discuss it in the context of real experimental approaches. Further, we highlight the trends of methodological developments in drought stress research, i.e., complementing conventional tests with quantification of phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), measuring antioxidant enzyme activities, and comprehensively profiling transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Osmolovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Julia Shumilina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anna Didio
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tatiana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Olga A Keltsieva
- Institute of Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Science, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Scientific Information, Russian Academy of Sciences Library, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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El Aou-Ouad H, Bota J, Obata T, Montero R, Fernie AR, Medrano H, Pou A, Florez-Sarasa I. Combined drought and virus infection trigger aspects of respiratory metabolism related to grapevine physiological responses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 231:19-30. [PMID: 30212658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the Mediterranean region, grapevines usually deal with drought during their summer growth season. Concurrently, grapevines are hosts to a large number of viruses from which grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 is one of the most widespread and provokes considerable economic losses in many vineyards. However, information concerning grapevine metabolic responses to the combination of drought and viral infection is scarce. Gas-chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry based metabolite profiling was used in combination with growth analysis, viral loads and gas exchange data to perform an integrative study of the effects of individual and combined stress in two Majorcan grapevine varieties at two experimental years. Metabolic responses of both varieties to the combination of water stress and virus infection were specific and not predicted from the sum of single stress responses. Correlations between respiration, biomass and key metabolites highlight specific adjustments of respiratory and amino acid metabolism possibly underlying the maintenance of carbon balance and growth in grapevines under stress combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Aou-Ouad
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, 68588 NE, USA
| | - Rafael Montero
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hipolito Medrano
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alicia Pou
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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75
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Santos VAHFD, Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues JVFC, Garcia MN, Ceron JVB, Nelson BW, Saleska SR. Causes of reduced leaf-level photosynthesis during strong El Niño drought in a Central Amazon forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4266-4279. [PMID: 29723915 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustained drought and concomitant high temperature may reduce photosynthesis and cause tree mortality. Possible causes of reduced photosynthesis include stomatal closure and biochemical inhibition, but their relative roles are unknown in Amazon trees during strong drought events. We assessed the effects of the recent (2015) strong El Niño drought on leaf-level photosynthesis of Central Amazon trees via these two mechanisms. Through four seasons of 2015, we measured leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll concentration, and nutrient content in leaves of 57 upper canopy and understory trees of a lowland terra firme forest on well-drained infertile oxisol. Photosynthesis decreased 28% in the upper canopy and 17% in understory trees during the extreme dry season of 2015, relative to other 2015 seasons and was also lower than the climatically normal dry season of the following non-El Niño year. Photosynthesis reduction under extreme drought and high temperature in the 2015 dry season was related only to stomatal closure in both upper canopy and understory trees, and not to chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll, or leaf nutrient concentration. The distinction is important because stomatal closure is a transient regulatory response that can reverse when water becomes available, whereas the other responses reflect more permanent changes or damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. Photosynthesis decrease due to stomatal closure during the 2015 extreme dry season was followed 2 months later by an increase in photosynthesis as rains returned, indicating a margin of resilience to one-off extreme climatic events in Amazonian forests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maquelle Neves Garcia
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Barbosa Ceron
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Bruce Walker Nelson
- Environmental Dynamics Department, Brazil's National Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Scott Reid Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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76
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Metcalfe DB, Rocha W, Balch JK, Brando PM, Doughty CE, Malhi Y. Impacts of fire on sources of soil CO 2 efflux in a dry Amazon rain forest. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3629-3641. [PMID: 29748988 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fire at the dry southern margin of the Amazon rainforest could have major consequences for regional soil carbon (C) storage and ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions, but relatively little information exists about impacts of fire on soil C cycling within this sensitive ecotone. We measured CO2 effluxes from different soil components (ground surface litter, roots, mycorrhizae, soil organic matter) at a large-scale burn experiment designed to simulate a severe but realistic potential future scenario for the region (Fire plot) in Mato Grosso, Brazil, over 1 year, and compared these measurements to replicated data from a nearby, unmodified Control plot. After four burns over 5 years, soil CO2 efflux (Rs ) was ~5.5 t C ha-1 year-1 lower on the Fire plot compared to the Control. Most of the Fire plot Rs reduction was specifically due to lower ground surface litter and root respiration. Mycorrhizal respiration on both plots was around ~20% of Rs . Soil surface temperature appeared to be more important than moisture as a driver of seasonal patterns in Rs at the site. Regular fire events decreased the seasonality of Rs at the study site, due to apparent differences in environmental sensitivities among biotic and abiotic soil components. These findings may contribute toward improved predictions of the amount and temporal pattern of C emissions across the large areas of tropical forest facing increasing fire disturbances associated with climate change and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wanderley Rocha
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Canarana, Brazil
| | - Jennifer K Balch
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Paulo M Brando
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, Canarana, Brazil
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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77
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Salmon Y, Li X, Yang B, Ma K, Siegwolf RTW, Schmid B. Surrounding species diversity improves subtropical seedlings' carbon dynamics. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7055-7067. [PMID: 30073067 PMCID: PMC6065279 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing biodiversity has been linked to higher primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the underlying ecophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of surrounding species richness (monoculture, two- and four-species mixtures) on the ecophysiology of Lithocarpus glaber seedlings in experimental plots in subtropical China. A natural rain event isotopically labelled both the water uptaken by the L. glaber seedlings and the carbon in new photoassimilates through changes of photosynthetic discrimination. We followed the labelled carbon (C) and oxygen (O) in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum. We measured gas-exchange variables (C assimilation, transpiration and above- and belowground respiration) and δ13C in leaf biomass, phloem, soil microbial biomass, leaf- and soil-respired CO 2 as well as δ18O in leaf and xylem water. The 13C signal in phloem and respired CO 2 in L. glaber in monoculture lagged behind those in species mixture, showing a slower transport of new photoassimilates to and through the phloem in monoculture. Furthermore, leaf-water 18O enrichment above the xylem water in L. glaber increased after the rain in lower diversity plots suggesting a lower ability to compensate for increased transpiration. Lithocarpus glaber in monoculture showed higher C assimilation rate and water-use efficiency. However, these increased C resources did not translate in higher growth of L. glaber in monoculture suggesting the existence of larger nongrowth-related C sinks in monoculture. These ecophysiological responses of L. glaber, in agreement with current understanding of phloem transport are consistent with a stronger competition for water resources in monoculture than in species mixtures. Therefore, increasing species diversity in the close vicinity of the studied plants appears to alleviate physiological stress induced by water competition and to counterbalance the negative effects of interspecific competition on assimilation rates for L. glaber by allowing a higher fraction of the C assimilated to be allocated to growth in species mixture than in monoculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Salmon
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest SciencesFaculty of Agriculture and ForestryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Xuefei Li
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsFaculty of ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Speciality Resources Biodiversity of Jiangxi ProvinceJingdezhen UniversityJingdezhenJiangxiChina
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environment and Vegetation ChangeInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesXiangshan, BeijingChina
| | - Rolf T. W. Siegwolf
- Lab for Atmospheric Chemistry, Ecosystem Fluxes and Stable Isotope ResearchPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Brito C, Dinis LT, Ferreira H, Moutinho-Pereira J, Correia C. The role of nighttime water balance on Olea europaea plants subjected to contrasting water regimes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:56-63. [PMID: 29702427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The climate change scenarios besides foreseeing a severe drought imposition also emphasize the temperature rising in the Mediterranean region, with special prominence at nighttime. Despite the high olive tree tolerance to severe environmental conditions, stomatal nighttime water loss can change plant water relations, and the related consequences and opportunities, especially under water scarcity, must be clarified. A set of 3-year-old potted olive trees were subjected to three cycles of drought, imposed by withholding irrigation, while another group were continuously irrigated. At the end of the latter and more severe drought cycle, daytime gas exchange parameters, water status and membrane integrity was negatively affected by drought imposition. Moreover, the nighttime transpiration rate was far above cuticular water loss, suggesting sustained stomatal aperture during nighttime, leading to substantial water losses, which was higher under drought in the first hours of darkness. The higher nighttime stomatal conductance of droughted plants were related with higher starch concentration in their leaves, a thicker trichome layer and a lower intercellular CO2 concentration, in a closely association with an inferior nighttime respiration. Still, whole-plant transpiration on droughted plants were much lower than leaf transpiration-based estimates, which is interpreted as compensation by water inputs due to dew deposition on leaves. Although unexpected, the increased of stomatal conductance in the first hours of the night, until a certain level of water deficit intensity, could be linked with potential benefits to the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Brito
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lia-Tânia Dinis
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos Correia
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
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Prinsi B, Negri AS, Failla O, Scienza A, Espen L. Root proteomic and metabolic analyses reveal specific responses to drought stress in differently tolerant grapevine rootstocks. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:126. [PMID: 29925320 PMCID: PMC6011575 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roots play a central role in plant response to water stress (WS). They are involved in its perception and signalling to the leaf as well as in allowing the plant to adapt to maintaining an adequate water balance. Only a few studies have investigated the molecular/biochemical responses to WS in roots of perennial plants, such as grapevine. This study compares two grapevine rootstock genotypes (i.e. 101.14 and M4) with different tolerance to WS, evaluating the responses at proteomic and metabolite levels. RESULTS WS induced changes in the abundance of several proteins in both genotypes (17 and 22% of the detected proteins in 101.14 and M4, respectively). The proteomic analysis revealed changes in many metabolic pathways that fitted well with the metabolite data. M4 showed metabolic responses which were potentially able to counteract the WS effects, such as the drop in cell turgor, increased oxidative stress and loss of cell structure integrity/functionality. However, in 101.14 it was evident that the roots were suffering more severely from these effects. We found that many proteins classified as active in energy metabolism, hormone metabolism, protein, secondary metabolism and stress functional classes showed particular differences between the two rootstocks. CONCLUSION The proteomic/metabolite comparative analysis carried out provides new information on the possible biochemical and molecular strategies adopted by grapevine roots to counteract WS. Although further work is needed to define in detail the role(s) of the proteins and metabolites that characterize WS response, this study, involving the M4 rootstock genotype, highlights that osmotic responses, modulations of C metabolism, mitochondrial functionality and some specific responses to stress occurring in the roots play a primary role in Vitis spp. tolerance to this type of abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhakti Prinsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alfredo Simone Negri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Failla
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Scienza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Espen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia (DiSAA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
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80
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Locato V, Cimini S, De Gara L. ROS and redox balance as multifaceted players of cross-tolerance: epigenetic and retrograde control of gene expression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3373-3391. [PMID: 29722828 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Retrograde pathways occurring between chloroplasts, mitochondria, and the nucleus involve oxidative and antioxidative signals that, working in a synergistic or antagonistic mode, control the expression of specific patterns of genes following stress perception. Increasing evidence also underlines the relevance of mitochondrion-chloroplast-nucleus crosstalk in modulating the whole cellular redox metabolism by a controlled and integrated flux of information. Plants can maintain the acquired tolerance by a stress memory, also operating at the transgenerational level, via epigenetic and miRNA-based mechanisms controlling gene expression. Data discussed in this review strengthen the idea that ROS, redox signals, and shifts in cellular redox balance permeate the signalling network leading to cross-tolerance. The identification of specific ROS/antioxidative signatures leading a plant to different fates under stress is pivotal for identifying strategies to monitor and increase plant fitness in a changing environment. This review provides an update of the plant redox signalling network implicated in stress responses, in particular in cross-tolerance acquisition. The interplay between reactive oxygen species (ROS), ROS-derived signals, and antioxidative pathways is also discussed in terms of plant acclimation to stress in the short and long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
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81
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Compound-Specific Carbon Isotopes and Concentrations of Carbohydrates and Organic Acids as Indicators of Tree Decline in Mountain Pine. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9060363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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82
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Gavrichkova O, Liberati D, de Dato G, Abou Jaoudé R, Brugnoli E, de Angelis P, Guidolotti G, Pausch J, Spohn M, Tian J, Kuzyakov Y. Effects of rain shortage on carbon allocation, pools and fluxes in a Mediterranean shrub ecosystem - a 13C labelling field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 627:1242-1252. [PMID: 30857089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological cycle is expected to become the primary cause of ecosystem's degradation in near future under changing climate. Rain manipulation experiments under field conditions provide accurate picture on the responses of biotic processes to changed water availability for plants. A field experiment, mimicking expected changes in rain patterns, was established in a Mediterranean shrub community at Porto Conte, Italy, in 2001. In November 2011 Cistus monspeliensis, one of the dominating shrub species in the Mediterranean basin, was 13C labelled on plots subjected to extended rain shortage period and on control non manipulated plots. Carbon (C) allocation was traced by 13C dynamics in shoots, shoot-respired CO2, roots, microbial biomass, K2SO4-extractable C and CO2 respired from soil. Most of the recovered 13C (60%) was respired by shoots within 2weeks in control plots. In rain shortage treatment, 13C remained incorporated in aboveground plant parts. Residence time of 13C in leaves was longer under the rain shortage because less 13C was lost by shoot respiration and because 13C was re-allocated to leaves from woody tissues. The belowground C sink was weak (3-4% of recovered 13C) and independent on rain manipulation. Extended rain shortage promoted C exudation into rhizosphere soil in expense of roots. Together with lowered photosynthesis, this "save" economy of new C metabolites reduces the growing season under rain shortage resulting in decrease of shrub cover and C losses from the system on the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gavrichkova
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Dario Liberati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Giovanbattista de Dato
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, 52100 Arezzo, Italy
| | - Renée Abou Jaoudé
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Enrico Brugnoli
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy
| | - Paolo de Angelis
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
| | - Gabriele Guidolotti
- Institute of Agro Environmental and Forest Biology, National Research Council, Porano 05010, Monterotondo Scalo 00015 and Cinte Tesino 38050, Italy
| | - Johanna Pausch
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Marie Spohn
- Department of Soil Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101 Beijing, China; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany; Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 420049 Kazan, Russian Federation; Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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83
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Rowland L, da Costa ACL, Oliveira AAR, Oliveira RS, Bittencourt PL, Costa PB, Giles AL, Sosa AI, Coughlin I, Godlee JL, Vasconcelos SS, Junior JAS, Ferreira LV, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Drought stress and tree size determine stem CO 2 efflux in a tropical forest. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1393-1405. [PMID: 29397028 PMCID: PMC5969101 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CO2 efflux from stems (CO2_stem ) accounts for a substantial fraction of tropical forest gross primary productivity, but the climate sensitivity of this flux remains poorly understood. We present a study of tropical forest CO2_stem from 215 trees across wet and dry seasons, at the world's longest running tropical forest drought experiment site. We show a 27% increase in wet season CO2_stem in the droughted forest relative to a control forest. This was driven by increasing CO2_stem in trees 10-40 cm diameter. Furthermore, we show that drought increases the proportion of maintenance to growth respiration in trees > 20 cm diameter, including large increases in maintenance respiration in the largest droughted trees, > 40 cm diameter. However, we found no clear taxonomic influence on CO2_stem and were unable to accurately predict how drought sensitivity altered ecosystem scale CO2_stem , due to substantial uncertainty introduced by contrasting methods previously employed to scale CO2_stem fluxes. Our findings indicate that under future scenarios of elevated drought, increases in CO2_stem may augment carbon losses, weakening or potentially reversing the tropical forest carbon sink. However, due to substantial uncertainties in scaling CO2_stem fluxes, stand-scale future estimates of changes in stem CO2 emissions remain highly uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Azul I. Sosa
- Instituto de BiologiaUNICAMPCampinasSP13083‐970Brasil
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de BiologiaFFCLRPUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSP14040‐900Brasil
| | - John L. Godlee
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
| | | | - João A. S. Junior
- Instituto de GeosciênciasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémPA66075‐110Brasil
| | | | | | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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84
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Crawford T, Lehotai N, Strand Å. The role of retrograde signals during plant stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2783-2795. [PMID: 29281071 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast and mitochondria not only provide the energy to the plant cell but due to the sensitivity of organellar processes to perturbations caused by abiotic stress, they are also key cellular sensors of environmental fluctuations. Abiotic stresses result in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and thereby reduced energy supply for cellular processes. Thus, in order to acclimate to stress, plants must re-program gene expression and cellular metabolism to divert energy from growth and developmental processes to stress responses. To restore cellular energy homeostasis following exposure to stress, the activities of the organelles must be tightly co-ordinated with the transcriptional re-programming in the nucleus. Thus, communication between the organelles and the nucleus, so-called retrograde signalling, is essential to direct the energy use correctly during stress exposure. Stress-triggered retrograde signals are mediated by reactive oxygen species and metabolites including β-cyclocitral, MEcPP (2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate), PAP (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate), and intermediates of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway. However, for the plant cell to respond optimally to environmental stress, these stress-triggered retrograde signalling pathways must be integrated with the cytosolic stress signalling network. We hypothesize that the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex may play a key role as a regulatory hub in the nucleus, integrating the complex stress signalling networks originating in different cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Crawford
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nóra Lehotai
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Åsa Strand
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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85
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Rurek M, Czołpińska M, Pawłowski TA, Staszak AM, Nowak W, Krzesiński W, Spiżewski T. Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought. Impaired Coordination of Selected Transcript and Proteomic Responses, and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041130. [PMID: 29642585 PMCID: PMC5979313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial responses under drought within Brassica genus are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to investigate mitochondrial biogenesis of three cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cultivars with varying drought tolerance. Diverse quantitative changes (decreases in abundance mostly) in the mitochondrial proteome were assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Respiratory (e.g., complex II, IV (CII, CIV) and ATP synthase subunits), transporter (including diverse porin isoforms) and matrix multifunctional proteins (e.g., components of RNA editing machinery) were diversely affected in their abundance under two drought levels. Western immunoassays showed additional cultivar-specific responses of selected mitochondrial proteins. Dehydrin-related tryptic peptides (found in several 2D spots) immunopositive with dehydrin-specific antisera highlighted the relevance of mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins for the drought response. The abundance of selected mRNAs participating in drought response was also determined. We conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis was strongly, but diversely affected in various cauliflower cultivars, and associated with drought tolerance at the proteomic and functional levels. However, discussed alternative oxidase (AOX) regulation at the RNA and protein level were largely uncoordinated due to the altered availability of transcripts for translation, mRNA/ribosome interactions, and/or miRNA impact on transcript abundance and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Czołpińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Aleksandra Maria Staszak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
- Present address: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Krzesiński
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
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86
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Liang LL, Arcus VL, Heskel MA, O'Sullivan OS, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Egerton JJG, Tjoelker MG, Atkin OK, Schipper LA. Macromolecular rate theory (MMRT) provides a thermodynamics rationale to underpin the convergent temperature response in plant leaf respiration. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1538-1547. [PMID: 29030907 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a crucial factor in determining the rates of ecosystem processes, for example, leaf respiration (R) - the flux of plant respired CO2 from leaves to the atmosphere. Generally, R increases exponentially with temperature and formulations such as the Arrhenius equation are widely used in earth system models. However, experimental observations have shown a consequential and consistent departure from an exponential increase in R. What are the principles that underlie these observed patterns? Here, we demonstrate that macromolecular rate theory (MMRT), based on transition state theory (TST) for enzyme-catalyzed kinetics, provides a thermodynamic explanation for the observed departure and the convergent temperature response of R using a global database. Three meaningful parameters emerge from MMRT analysis: the temperature at which the rate of respiration would theoretically reach a maximum (the optimum temperature, Topt ), the temperature at which the respiration rate is most sensitive to changes in temperature (the inflection temperature, Tinf ) and the overall curvature of the log(rate) versus temperature plot (the change in heat capacity for the system, ΔCP‡). On average, the highest potential enzyme-catalyzed rates of respiratory enzymes for R are predicted to occur at 67.0 ± 1.2°C and the maximum temperature sensitivity at 41.4 ± 0.7°C from MMRT. The average curvature (average negative ΔCP‡) was -1.2 ± 0.1 kJ mol-1 K-1 . Interestingly, Topt , Tinf and ΔCP‡ appear insignificantly different across biomes and plant functional types, suggesting that thermal response of respiratory enzymes in leaves could be conserved. The derived parameters from MMRT can serve as thermal traits for plant leaves that represent the collective temperature response of metabolic respiratory enzymes and could be useful to understand regulations of R under a warmer climate. MMRT extends the classic TST to enzyme-catalyzed reactions and provides an accurate and mechanistic model for the short-term temperature response of R around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyin L Liang
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Vickery L Arcus
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Mary A Heskel
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louis A Schipper
- School of Science, The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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87
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Aubrey DP, Teskey RO. Stored root carbohydrates can maintain root respiration for extended periods. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:142-152. [PMID: 29281746 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tight coupling between below-ground autotrophic respiration and the availability of recently assimilated carbon (C) has become a paradigm in the ecophysiological literature. Here, we show that stored carbohydrates can decouple respiration from assimilation for prolonged periods by mobilizing reserves from transport roots to absorptive roots. We permanently disrupted the below-ground transfer of recently assimilated C using stem girdling and root trenching and measured soil CO2 efflux for over 1 yr in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), a species that has large reserves of stored carbohydrates in roots. Soil CO2 efflux was not influenced by girdling or trenching through the 14-month observation period. Stored carbohydrate concentrations in absorptive roots were not affected by the disrupted supply of current photosynthate for over 1 yr; however, carbohydrate concentrations in transport roots decreased. Our results indicate that root respiration can be decoupled from recent canopy assimilation and that stored carbohydrates can be mobilized from transport roots to absorptive roots to maintain respiration for over 1 yr. This refines the current paradigm that canopy assimilation and below-ground respiration are tightly coupled and provides evidence of the mechanism and dynamics responsible for decoupling the above- and below-ground processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug P Aubrey
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, 29802, USA
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert O Teskey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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88
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Zhong C, Cao X, Bai Z, Zhang J, Zhu L, Huang J, Jin Q. Nitrogen metabolism correlates with the acclimation of photosynthesis to short-term water stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:52-62. [PMID: 29413631 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism is as sensitive to water stress as photosynthesis, but its role in plant under soil drying is not well understood. We hypothesized that the alterations in N metabolism could be related to the acclimation of photosynthesis to water stress. The features of photosynthesis and N metabolism in a japonica rice 'Jiayou 5' and an indica rice 'Zhongzheyou 1' were investigated under mild and moderate soil drying with a pot experiment. Soil drying increased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and reduced photon quantum efficiency of PSII and CO2 fixation in 'Zhongzheyou 1', whereas the effect was much slighter in 'Jiayou 5'. Nevertheless, the photosynthetic rate of the two cultivars showed no significant difference between control and water stress. Soil drying increased nitrate reducing in leaves of 'Zhongzheyou 1', characterized by enhanced nitrate reductase (NR) activity and lowered nitrate content; whereas glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were relative slightly affected. 'Jiayou 5' plants increased the accumulation of nitrate under soil drying, although its NR activity was increased. In addition, the activities of GDH, GOT and GPT were typically increased under soil drying. Besides, amino acids and soluble sugar were significantly increased under mild and moderate soil drying, respectively. The accumulation of nitrate, amino acid and sugar could serve as osmotica in 'Jiayou 5'. The results reveal that N metabolism plays diverse roles in the photosynthetic acclimation of rice plants to soil drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 420007, China
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhigang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jianliang Huang
- Crop Physiology and Production Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 420007, China
| | - Qianyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China.
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89
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Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Rodrigues AM, Perdiguero P, António C, Atkin OK, Li M, Collada C, Gil L. A molecular approach to drought-induced reduction in leaf CO 2 exchange in drought-resistant Quercus ilex. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2018; 162:394-408. [PMID: 28984911 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced reduction of leaf gas exchange entails a complex regulation of the plant leaf metabolism. We used a combined molecular and physiological approach to understand leaf photosynthetic and respiratory responses of 2-year-old Quercus ilex seedlings to drought. Mild drought stress resulted in glucose accumulation while net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Pn ) remained unchanged, suggesting a role of glucose in stress signaling and/or osmoregulation. Simple sugars and sugar alcohols increased throughout moderate-to-very severe drought stress conditions, in parallel to a progressive decline in Pn and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II; by contrast, minor changes occurred in respiration rates until drought stress was very severe. At very severe drought stress, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex gene expression significantly decreased, and the abundance of most amino acids dramatically increased, especially that of proline and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) suggesting enhanced protection against oxidative damage and a reorganization of the tricarboxylic cycle acid cycle via the GABA shunt. Altogether, our results point to Q. ilex drought tolerance being linked to signaling and osmoregulation by hexoses during early stages of drought stress, and enhanced protection against oxidative damage by polyols and amino acids under severe drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Forest Biotech Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, iBET, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Collada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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90
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Transcriptome Analyses of Mosaic (MSC) Mitochondrial Mutants of Cucumber in a Highly Inbred Nuclear Background. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:953-965. [PMID: 29330162 PMCID: PMC5844315 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) has a large, paternally transmitted mitochondrial genome. Cucumber plants regenerated from cell cultures occasionally show paternally transmitted mosaic (MSC) phenotypes, characterized by slower growth, chlorotic patterns on the leaves and fruit, lower fertility, and rearrangements in their mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs). MSC lines 3, 12, and 16 originated from different cell cultures all established using the highly inbred, wild-type line B. These MSC lines possess different rearrangements and under-represented regions in their mtDNAs. We completed RNA-seq on normalized and non-normalized cDNA libraries from MSC3, MSC12, and MSC16 to study their nuclear gene-expression profiles relative to inbred B. Results from both libraries indicated that gene expression in MSC12 and MSC16 were more similar to each other than MSC3. Forty-one differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated and one downregulated in the MSC lines relative to B. Gene functional classifications revealed that more than half of these DEGs are associated with stress-response pathways. Consistent with this observation, we detected elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide throughout leaf tissue in all MSC lines compared to wild-type line B. These results demonstrate that independently produced MSC lines with different mitochondrial polymorphisms show unique and shared nuclear responses. This study revealed genes associated with stress response that could become selection targets to develop cucumber cultivars with increased stress tolerance, and further support of cucumber as a model plant to study nuclear-mitochondrial interactions.
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91
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Salomón RL, De Schepper V, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, Steppe K. Daytime depression in temperature-normalised stem CO 2 efflux in young poplar trees is dominated by low turgor pressure rather than by internal transport of respired CO 2. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:586-598. [PMID: 28984360 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Daytime decreases in temperature-normalised stem CO2 efflux (EA_D ) are commonly ascribed to internal transport of respired CO2 (FT ) or to an attenuated respiratory activity due to lowered turgor pressure. The two are difficult to separate as they are simultaneously driven by sap flow dynamics. To achieve combined gradients in turgor pressure and FT , sap flow rates in poplar trees were manipulated through severe defoliation, severe drought, moderate defoliation and moderate drought. Turgor pressure was mechanistically modelled using measurements of sap flow, stem diameter variation, and soil and stem water potential. A mass balance approach considering internal and external CO2 fluxes was applied to estimate FT . Under well-watered control conditions, both turgor pressure and sap flow, as a proxy of FT , were reliable predictors of EA_D . After tree manipulation, only turgor pressure was a robust predictor of EA_D . Moreover, FT accounted for < 15% of EA_D . Our results suggest that daytime reductions in turgor pressure and associated constrained growth are the main cause of EA_D in young poplar trees. Turgor pressure is determined by both carbohydrate supply and water availability, and should be considered to improve our widely used but inaccurate temperature-based predictions of woody tissue respiration in global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle De Schepper
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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92
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Woldesemayat AA, Van Heusden P, Ndimba BK, Christoffels A. An integrated and comparative approach towards identification, characterization and functional annotation of candidate genes for drought tolerance in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). BMC Genet 2017; 18:119. [PMID: 29273003 PMCID: PMC5741957 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-017-0584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought is the most disastrous abiotic stress that severely affects agricultural productivity worldwide. Understanding the biological basis of drought-regulated traits, requires identification and an in-depth characterization of genetic determinants using model organisms and high-throughput technologies. However, studies on drought tolerance have generally been limited to traditional candidate gene approach that targets only a single gene in a pathway that is related to a trait. In this study, we used sorghum, one of the model crops that is well adapted to arid regions, to mine genes and define determinants for drought tolerance using drought expression libraries and RNA-seq data. RESULTS We provide an integrated and comparative in silico candidate gene identification, characterization and annotation approach, with an emphasis on genes playing a prominent role in conferring drought tolerance in sorghum. A total of 470 non-redundant functionally annotated drought responsive genes (DRGs) were identified using experimental data from drought responses by employing pairwise sequence similarity searches, pathway and interpro-domain analysis, expression profiling and orthology relation. Comparison of the genomic locations between these genes and sorghum quantitative trait loci (QTLs) showed that 40% of these genes were co-localized with QTLs known for drought tolerance. The genome reannotation conducted using the Program to Assemble Spliced Alignment (PASA), resulted in 9.6% of existing single gene models being updated. In addition, 210 putative novel genes were identified using AUGUSTUS and PASA based analysis on expression dataset. Among these, 50% were single exonic, 69.5% represented drought responsive and 5.7% were complete gene structure models. Analysis of biochemical metabolism revealed 14 metabolic pathways that are related to drought tolerance and also had a strong biological network, among categories of genes involved. Identification of these pathways, signifies the interplay of biochemical reactions that make up the metabolic network, constituting fundamental interface for sorghum defence mechanism against drought stress. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests untapped natural variability in sorghum that could be used for developing drought tolerance. The data presented here, may be regarded as an initial reference point in functional and comparative genomics in the Gramineae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Abdi Woldesemayat
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belleville, 7535, South Africa.
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, UNISA Science Campus, Corner of Christiaan De Wet Road and Pioneer Avenue, Johannesburg, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - Peter Van Heusden
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belleville, 7535, South Africa
| | - Bongani K Ndimba
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belleville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council, Infruitech-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa
| | - Alan Christoffels
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belleville, 7535, South Africa
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93
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Urban L, Aarrouf J, Bidel LPR. Assessing the Effects of Water Deficit on Photosynthesis Using Parameters Derived from Measurements of Leaf Gas Exchange and of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2068. [PMID: 29312367 PMCID: PMC5735977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit (WD) is expected to increase in intensity, frequency and duration in many parts of the world as a consequence of global change, with potential negative effects on plant gas exchange and growth. We review here the parameters that can be derived from measurements made on leaves, in the field, and that can be used to assess the effects of WD on the components of plant photosynthetic rate, including stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, photosynthetic capacity, light absorbance, and efficiency of absorbed light conversion into photosynthetic electron transport. We also review some of the parameters related to dissipation of excess energy and to rerouting of electron fluxes. Our focus is mainly on the techniques of gas exchange measurements and of measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF), either alone or combined. But we put also emphasis on some of the parameters derived from analysis of the induction phase of maximal ChlF, notably because they could be used to assess damage to photosystem II. Eventually we briefly present the non-destructive methods based on the ChlF excitation ratio method which can be used to evaluate non-destructively leaf contents in anthocyanins and flavonols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Urban
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- UMR 95 Qualisud/Laboratoire de Physiologie des Fruits et Légumes, Université d'Avignon, Avignon, France
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94
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Qu M, Bunce JA, Sicher RC, Zhu X, Gao B, Chen G. An attempt to interpret a biochemical mechanism of C4 photosynthetic thermo-tolerance under sudden heat shock on detached leaf in elevated CO2 grown maize. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187437. [PMID: 29220364 PMCID: PMC5722340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detached leaves at top canopy structures always experience higher solar irradiance and leaf temperature under natural conditions. The ability of tolerance to high temperature represents thermotolerance potential of whole-plants, but was less of concern. In this study, we used a heat-tolerant (B76) and a heat-susceptible (B106) maize inbred line to assess the possible mitigation of sudden heat shock (SHS) effects on photosynthesis (PN) and C4 assimilation pathway by elevated [CO2]. Two maize lines were grown in field-based open top chambers (OTCs) at ambient and elevated (+180 ppm) [CO2]. Top-expanded leaves for 30 days after emergence were suddenly exposed to a 45°C SHS for 2 hours in midday during measurements. Analysis on thermostability of cellular membrane showed there was 20% greater electrolyte leakage in response to the SHS in B106 compared to B76, in agreement with prior studies. Elevated [CO2] protected PN from SHS in B76 but not B106. The responses of PN to SHS among the two lines and grown CO2 treatments were closely correlated with measured decreases of NADP-ME enzyme activity and also to its reduced transcript abundance. The SHS treatments induced starch depletion, the accumulation of hexoses and also disrupted the TCA cycle as well as the C4 assimilation pathway in the both lines. Elevated [CO2] reversed SHS effects on citrate and related TCA cycle metabolites in B106 but the effects of elevated [CO2] were small in B76. These findings suggested that heat stress tolerance is a complex trait, and it is difficult to identify biochemical, physiological or molecular markers that accurately and consistently predict heat stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingnan Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - James A. Bunce
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Sicher
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Xiaocen Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Centralab Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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95
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Chatterjee A, Huma B, Shaw R, Kundu S. Reconstruction of Oryza sativa indica Genome Scale Metabolic Model and Its Responses to Varying RuBisCO Activity, Light Intensity, and Enzymatic Cost Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2060. [PMID: 29250098 PMCID: PMC5715477 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To combat decrease in rice productivity under different stresses, an understanding of rice metabolism is needed. Though there are different genome scale metabolic models (GSMs) of Oryza sativa japonica, no GSM with gene-protein-reaction association exist for Oryza sativa indica. Here, we report a GSM, OSI1136 of O.s. indica, which includes 3602 genes and 1136 metabolic reactions and transporters distributed across the cytosol, mitochondrion, peroxisome, and chloroplast compartments. Flux balance analysis of the model showed that for varying RuBisCO activity (Vc/Vo) (i) the activity of the chloroplastic malate valve increases to transport reducing equivalents out of the chloroplast under increased photorespiratory conditions and (ii) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase can act as source of cytosolic ATP under decreased photorespiration. Under increasing light conditions we observed metabolic flexibility, involving photorespiration, chloroplastic triose phosphate and the dicarboxylate transporters of the chloroplast and mitochondrion for redox and ATP exchanges across the intracellular compartments. Simulations under different enzymatic cost conditions revealed (i) participation of peroxisomal glutathione-ascorbate cycle in photorespiratory H2O2 metabolism (ii) different modes of the chloroplastic triose phosphate transporters and malate valve, and (iii) two possible modes of chloroplastic Glu-Gln transporter which were related with the activity of chloroplastic and cytosolic isoforms of glutamine synthetase. Altogether, our results provide new insights into plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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96
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Barreto P, Yassitepe JECT, Wilson ZA, Arruda P. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 Overexpression Increases Yield in Nicotiana tabacum under Drought Stress by Improving Source and Sink Metabolism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1836. [PMID: 29163573 PMCID: PMC5672497 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) sustain mitochondrial respiration independent of intracellular ATP concentration. Uncoupled respiration is particularly beneficial under stress conditions, during which both photosynthesis and respiration may be impaired. Sustaining carbon fixation during the reproductive phase is essential for plants to develop viable pollen grains and for seed setting. Here, we examined whether UCP1 overexpression (UCP1-oe) would help tobacco plants cope with drought stress during reproductive development. We observed that WT and UCP1-oe plants lost water at the same rate under moderate drought stress, but that UCP1-oe lines regained water faster upon rewatering. UCP1-oe plants maintained higher levels of respiration and photosynthesis and decreased H2O2 content in the leaves during the drought stress period. We examined whether UCP1-oe impacts reproductive tissues and seed production by monitoring the progress of flower development, focusing on the early stages of pollen formation. UCP1-oe lines induced the expression of mitochondrial genes and increased mtDNA content in reproductive tissues, which increased the consumption of carbohydrates and reduced H2O2 content and pollen disturbances. Finally, the beneficial impact of UCP1-oe on the source and sink organs resulted in an increased seed size and number under both control conditions and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Barreto
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Joint Research Center for Genomics Applied to Climate Change (UMIP GenClima), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Juliana E. C. T. Yassitepe
- Joint Research Center for Genomics Applied to Climate Change (UMIP GenClima), Campinas, Brazil
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Zoe A. Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Paulo Arruda
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Joint Research Center for Genomics Applied to Climate Change (UMIP GenClima), Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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97
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Turnbull MH, Ogaya R, Barbeta A, Peñuelas J, Zaragoza-Castells J, Atkin OK, Valladares F, Gimeno TE, Pías B, Griffin KL. Light inhibition of foliar respiration in response to soil water availability and seasonal changes in temperature in Mediterranean holm oak (Quercus ilex) forest. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:1178-1193. [PMID: 32480643 DOI: 10.1071/fp17032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated variations in leaf respiration in darkness (RD) and light (RL), and associated traits in response to season, and along a gradient of soil moisture, in Mediterranean woodland dominated by holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) in central and north-eastern Spain respectively. On seven occasions during the year in the central Spain site, and along the soil moisture gradient in north-eastern Spain, we measured rates of leaf RD, RL (using the Kok method), light-saturated photosynthesis (A) and related light response characteristics, leaf mass per unit area (MA) and leaf nitrogen (N) content. At the central Spain site, significant seasonal changes in soil water content and ambient temperature (T) were associated with changes in MA, foliar N, A and stomatal conductance. RD measured at the prevailing daily T and in instantaneous R-T responses, displayed signs of partial acclimation and was not significantly affected by time of year. RL was always less than, and strongly related to, RD, and RL/RD did not vary significantly or systematically with seasonal changes in T or soil water content. Averaged over the year, RL/RD was 0.66±0.05s.e. (n=14) at the central Spain site. At the north-eastern Spain site, the soil moisture gradient was characterised by increasing MA and RD, and reduced foliar N, A, and stomatal conductance as soil water availability decreased. Light inhibition of R occurred across all sites (mean RL/RD=0.69±0.01s.e. (n=18)), resulting in ratios of RL/A being lower than for RD/A. Importantly, the degree of light inhibition was largely insensitive to changes in soil water content. Our findings provide evidence for a relatively constrained degree of light inhibition of R (RL/RD ~ 0.7, or inhibition of ~30%) across gradients of water availability, although the combined impacts of seasonal changes in both T and soil water content increase the range of values expressed. The findings thus have implications in terms of the assumptions made by predictive models that seek to account for light inhibition of R, and for our understanding of how environmental gradients impact on leaf trait relationships in Mediterranean plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Romà Ogaya
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Barbeta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Joana Zaragoza-Castells
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Serrano 115, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa E Gimeno
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Beatriz Pías
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W, 6 Biology, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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98
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Fini A, Brunetti C, Loreto F, Centritto M, Ferrini F, Tattini M. Isoprene Responses and Functions in Plants Challenged by Environmental Pressures Associated to Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1281. [PMID: 28798754 PMCID: PMC5526906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The functional reasons for isoprene emission are still a matter of hot debate. It was hypothesized that isoprene biosynthesis evolved as an ancestral mechanism in plants adapted to high water availability, to cope with transient and recurrent oxidative stresses during their water-to-land transition. There is a tight association between isoprene emission and species hygrophily, suggesting that isoprene emission may be a favorable trait to cope with occasional exposure to stresses in mesic environments. The suite of morpho-anatomical traits does not allow a conservative water use in hygrophilic mesophytes challenged by the environmental pressures imposed or exacerbated by drought and heat stress. There is evidence that in stressed plants the biosynthesis of isoprene is uncoupled from photosynthesis. Because the biosynthesis of isoprene is costly, the great investment of carbon and energy into isoprene must have relevant functional reasons. Isoprene is effective in preserving the integrity of thylakoid membranes, not only through direct interaction with their lipid acyl chains, but also by up-regulating proteins associated with photosynthetic complexes and enhancing the biosynthesis of relevant membrane components, such as mono- and di-galactosyl-diacyl glycerols and unsaturated fatty acids. Isoprene may additionally protect photosynthetic membranes by scavenging reactive oxygen species. Here we explore the mode of actions and the potential significance of isoprene in the response of hygrophilic plants when challenged by severe stress conditions associated to rapid climate change in temperate climates, with special emphasis to the concomitant effect of drought and heat. We suggest that isoprene emission may be not a good estimate for its biosynthesis and concentration in severely droughted leaves, being the internal concentration of isoprene the important trait for stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences – Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of MilanMilan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Francesco Loreto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of ItalyRome, Italy
| | - Mauro Centritto
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber InstituteSesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of FlorenceFlorence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Science, National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSesto Fiorentino, Italy
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99
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Raveneau MP, Benamar A, Macherel D. Water content, adenylate kinase, and mitochondria drive adenylate balance in dehydrating and imbibing seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3501-3512. [PMID: 28859379 PMCID: PMC5853452 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Water and life are inexorably linked, but some organisms are capable of losing almost all cellular water to enter a non-metabolic state of anhydrobiosis. This raises intriguing questions about how energy metabolism is managed during such transitions. Here, we have investigated adenylate metabolism during seed imbibition and drying using intact or fragmented pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. AMP was confirmed as the major adenylate stored in dry seeds, and normal adenylate balance was rapidly restored upon rehydration of the tissues. Conversely, re-drying of fully imbibed seeds reversed the balance toward AMP accumulation. The overall analysis, supported by in vitro enzyme mimicking experiments, shows that during tissue dehydration, when oxidative phosphorylation is no longer efficient because of decreasing water content, the ATP metabolic demand is met by adenylate kinase, resulting in accumulation of AMP. During seed imbibition, adenylate balance is rapidly restored from the AMP stock by the concerted action of adenylate kinase and mitochondria. The adenylate balance in orthodox seeds, and probably in other anhydrobiotes, appears to be simply driven by water content throughout the interplay between ATP metabolic demand, adenylate kinase, and oxidative phosphorylation, which requires mitochondria to be energetically efficient from the onset of imbibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Paule Raveneau
- USC LEVA, INRA, Ecole Supérieure d’Agricultures, Université Bretagne Loire, SFR QUASAV, rue Rabelais, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Abdelilah Benamar
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, France
| | - David Macherel
- IRHS, INRA, Agrocampus-Ouest, Université d’Angers, SFR QUASAV, rue Georges Morel, Beaucouzé, France
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100
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Saiki ST, Ishida A, Yoshimura K, Yazaki K. Physiological mechanisms of drought-induced tree die-off in relation to carbon, hydraulic and respiratory stress in a drought-tolerant woody plant. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2995. [PMID: 28592804 PMCID: PMC5462810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought-induced tree die-off related to climate change is occurring worldwide and affects the carbon stocks and biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Hydraulic failure and carbon starvation are two commonly proposed mechanisms for drought-induced tree die-off. Here, we show that inhibited branchlet respiration and soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance, likely caused by cell damage, occur prior to hydraulic failure (xylem embolism) and carbon starvation (exhaustion of stored carbon in sapwood) in a drought-tolerant woody species, Rhaphiolepis wrightiana Maxim. The ratio of the total leaf area to the twig sap area was used as a health indicator after drought damage. Six adult trees with different levels of tree health and one dead adult tree were selected. Two individuals having the worst and second worst health among the six live trees died three months after our study was conducted. Soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance and leaf gas exchange rates decreased linearly as tree health declined, whereas xylem cavitation and total non-structural carbon remained unchanged in the branchlets except in the dead and most unhealthy trees. Respiration rates and the number of living cells in the sapwood decreased linearly as tree health declined. This study is the first report on the importance of dehydration tolerance and respiration maintenance in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Taro Saiki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ishida
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2113, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
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