51
|
Patel KR, Brown VA, Jones DJL, Britton RG, Hemingway D, Miller AS, West KP, Booth TD, Perloff M, Crowell JA, Brenner DE, Steward WP, Gescher AJ, Brown K. Clinical pharmacology of resveratrol and its metabolites in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7392-9. [PMID: 20841478 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytochemical with chemopreventive activity in preclinical rodent models of colorectal carcinogenesis. Antiproliferation is one of the many chemopreventive modes of action it has been shown to engage in. Concentrations of resveratrol, which can be achieved in human tissues after p.o. administration, have not yet been defined. The purpose of this study was to measure concentrations of resveratrol and its metabolites in the colorectal tissue of humans who ingested resveratrol. Twenty patients with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer consumed eight daily doses of resveratrol at 0.5 or 1.0 g before surgical resection. Resveratrol was found to be well tolerated. Normal and malignant biopsy tissue samples were obtained before dosing. Parent compound plus its metabolites resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide, resveratrol-4'-O-glucuronide, resveratrol-3-O-sulfate, resveratrol-4'-O-sulfate, resveratrol sulfate glucuronide, and resveratrol disulfate were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV or mass spectrometric detection in colorectal resection tissue. Quantitation was achieved by HPLC/UV. Cell proliferation, as reflected by Ki-67 staining, was compared in preintervention and postintervention tissue samples. Resveratrol and resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide were recovered from tissues at maximal mean concentrations of 674 and 86.0 nmol/g, respectively. Levels of resveratrol and its metabolites were consistently higher in tissues originating in the right side of the colon compared with the left. Consumption of resveratrol reduced tumor cell proliferation by 5% (P = 0.05). The results suggest that daily p.o. doses of resveratrol at 0.5 or 1.0 g produce levels in the human gastrointestinal tract of an order of magnitude sufficient to elicit anticarcinogenic effects. Resveratrol merits further clinical evaluation as a potential colorectal cancer chemopreventive agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ketan R Patel
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
52
|
Abstract
There is ample evidence that shows an inverse relationship between consumption of fruit/vegetable-rich diets and the risk of cancer at various anatomical sites. In this review, we will assess and summarize recent advances on cancer prevention by resveratrol, a natural stilbenoid present in red grapes, peanuts, some common drinks, and dietary supplements. We will focus on data published within the past few years on in vivo model tumor animal studies that reinforce the chemopreventive efficacy of resveratrol against a multitude of cancers, as well as on its sensitization/enhancing activities against tumor cells when used in combination with established chemotherapeutic and pharmaceutical agents. In addition, we will review examples resveratrol-target proteins, denoted RTPs, including the 24-kDa cytosolic protein quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) discovered in our laboratory that may confer resveratrol responsiveness to cancer cells. We will discuss the possible role of NQO2 in mediating cancer prevention by resveratrol. Our analysis of published data strengthen support that resveratrol displays novel roles in various cellular processes, and help to establish an expanded molecular framework for cancer prevention by resveratrol in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph M. Wu
- Address for correspondence: Joseph M. Wu, Ph. D., Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA. Tel.: 914-594-4891; Fax: 914-594-4058;
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Chao C, Haque R, Caan BJ, Poon KYT, Tseng HF, Quinn VP. Red Wine Consumption Not Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:849-55. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2010.492091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
54
|
Alfaras I, Juan ME, Planas JM. trans-Resveratrol reduces precancerous colonic lesions in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8104-8110. [PMID: 20521815 DOI: 10.1021/jf100702x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
trans-Resveratrol, a natural occurring polyphenol, has been described as an antiproliferative and proapoptotic agent in vitro. Here, we studied the effect of trans-resveratrol administered orally at a dose of 60 mg/kg for 49 days on early preneoplastic markers induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg). We measured trans-resveratrol and its derivates by liquid-liquid extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection analysis in colon contents. Dihydroresveratrol was the most abundant compound in the colon, followed by trans-resveratrol glucuronide and small amounts of trans-resveratrol and its sulfate. The administration of trans-resveratrol decreased aberrant crypt foci by 52%, and mucin depleted foci by 45% in colon. In conclusion, the correlation between the reduction of precancerous colonic lesions and the availability of trans-resveratrol in the colon provides a new insight into the therapeutical potential of this polyphenol and its metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alfaras
- Departament de Fisiologia (Farmàcia) and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
55
|
Walter A, Etienne-Selloum N, Brasse D, Khallouf H, Bronner C, Rio MC, Beretz A, Schini-Kerth VB. Intake of grape-derived polyphenols reduces C26 tumor growth by inhibiting angiogenesis and inducing apoptosis. FASEB J 2010; 24:3360-9. [PMID: 20442318 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vivo antitumor activity of grape-derived polyphenols. BALB/c mice were subcutaneously implanted with C26 colon carcinoma cells, and 2 d later they received either solvent or red wine polyphenols (RWPs) (100 mg/kg/d, human equivalent dose approximately 500 mg/d) in the drinking water for 25 d. Wistar rats received either solvent or RWPs (100 mg/kg/d, human equivalent dose approximately 1000 mg/d) in the drinking water 1 wk before injection of azoxymethane and were studied 10 wk later. In mice, RWPs inhibited tumor growth by 31%, reduced tumor vascularization and the number of lung metastases, decreased proliferation as indicated by down-regulation of Ki67, cyclin D1, and UHRF1, and increased apoptosis as indicated by TUNEL staining and active caspase-3 levels in tumor cells. RWPs reduced expression of VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and cyclooxygenase-2 and increased expression of tumor suppressor genes p16(INK4A), p53, and p73 in tumor cells. In rats, RWPs reduced by 49% the number of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci (preneoplastic lesions) in colon. Thus, RWPs effectively reduced the development of colon carcinoma tumors in vivo by blunting tumor vascularization and by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of tumor cells subsequent to an up-regulation of tumor suppressor genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Walter
- UMR 7213 CNRS, Laboratoire de Biophotonique et de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Kineman BD, Brummer EC, Paiva NL, Birt DF. Resveratrol From Transgenic Alfalfa for Prevention of Aberrant Crypt Foci in Mice. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:351-61. [DOI: 10.1080/01635580903407213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
57
|
Sengottuvelan M, Deeptha K, Nalini N. Influence of dietary resveratrol on early and late molecular markers of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Nutrition 2010; 25:1169-76. [PMID: 19818280 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colon cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease, and the use of natural or synthetic substances to prevent or decrease cancer risk without adverse effects remains a major challenge. In this study, the mechanistic basis for the chemopreventive effect of resveratrol (Res) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in an rat model was evaluated. METHODS Rats were randomized into six groups. Group 1 were control rats, group 2 were control rats that received Res (8mg/kg of body weight orally every day), and rats in groups 3-6 were treated once per week with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20mg/kg of body weight, subcutaenously, 15 times). In addition, groups 4-6 received Res (as in group 2) in three dietary regimens: initiation, postinitiation, and entire period. All rats were sacrificed after 30 wk and the degree of inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and mucosal integrity was evaluated. RESULTS Res supplementation during the entire period significantly amended the expression of inflammatory, cell proliferative, and apoptotic biomarkers such as cyclo-oxygenase-2, ornithine decarboxylase, caspase-3, and heat shock proteins 70 and 27. Moreover, supplementing Res for the entire study period modulated the colonic mucosal protein mucin 1 and 2 expression. CONCLUSION The results clearly indicate that chronic Res supplementation inhibited the colon cancer development through modulating the early and late events of carcinogenesis and helped to maintain the colonic mucosal integrity. Thus our study demonstrates that the chemopreventive efficacy of Res could be attributed to its action on multiple direct targets of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Sengottuvelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Chemoprevention of metaplasia initiation and carcinogenic progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma by resveratrol supplementation. Anticancer Drugs 2010; 20:437-43. [PMID: 19398904 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32832afb95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol found in the skin of the grape and red wine, has been found to have chemopreventitive effects in some carcinogenic models. The effects of resveratrol on the initiation of Barrett's metaplasia and the carcinogenic progression to esophageal adenocarcinoma have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol on the transition from reflux esophagitis to Barrett's metaplasia to dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma in an established rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent esophagoduodenal anastomosis as per institutional approved protocol. They were then treated twice weekly with intraperitoneal injection of 7 mg/kg of resveratrol or saline. Additional nonoperated rats served as controls. The rats in each group were assigned to 1, 3, or 5-month subgroups. The distal esophagus was preserved for blinded histopathological examination at the time of harvest. Thirty-one animals in the 5-month resveratrol group showed a decreased severity of esophagitis (P<0.0001), incidence of intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.3567), and incidence of carcinoma (P = 0.4590) as compared with both the saline and nonoperated control groups. In conclusion, morphological characteristics consistent with decreased esophagitis and incidences of metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma were seen on histopathology in the resveratrol group. Resveratrol resulted in a small diminution of the carcinogenic effects and progression to metaplasia, and further human studies are designed to explore the potential anticarcinogenic mechanism.
Collapse
|
59
|
Shiraishi R, Fujise T, Kuroki T, Kakimoto T, Miao L, Sakata Y, Tsunada S, Noda T, Iwakiri R, Fujimoto K. Long-term ingestion of reduced glutathione suppressed an accelerating effect of beef tallow diet on colon carcinogenesis in rats. J Gastroenterol 2009; 44:1026-35. [PMID: 19568688 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-009-0101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have shown previously that long-term feeding of beef tallow increases colorectal cancer in rats. This study investigated the effects of enzymic antioxidant, reduced glutathione (GSH), on colon carcinogenesis in rats fed with beef tallow. METHODS Colon carcinogenesis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) to rats. Rats were fed with 10% beef tallow supplemented with or without 1% GSH in drinking water. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and expression of beta-catenin in colonic mucosa were examined at 12 weeks. Cancers, related substances of oxidative stress and arachidonic acid cascade in plasma and normal colonic mucosa were determined at 44 weeks. RESULTS GSH attenuated the number of ACF increased by beef tallow, but GSH had no influence on expression of beta-catenin increased by AOM. Incidence of colon cancer was no different with or without GSH, but GSH attenuated the number of colon cancers in each rat. GSH suppressed plasma malondialdehyde concentration. GSH increased GSH concentration and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in colonic mucosa, and decreased cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 and thromboxane B2 levels. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that GSH suppressed the number of ACF, but the attenuation of colon carcinogenesis was limited to the number of colon cancers, although anti-oxidative effects and suppressive effects of arachidonic acid cascade were demonstrated by several indexes. These results suggested that colon carcinogenesis enhanced by beef tallow was partly caused by oxidative stress and arachidonic acid cascade, which were reduced by GSH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Shiraishi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
60
|
Ashokkumar P, Sudhandiran G. Luteolin inhibits cell proliferation during Azoxymethane-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis via Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Invest New Drugs 2009; 29:273-84. [PMID: 20013030 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-009-9359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The protective role of Luteolin (LUT) against Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced mouse colon carcinogenesis has been documented earlier. The aim of this study is to investigate on the mechanism of chemopreventive action exhibited by LUT employing AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis in mice as an experimental model. LUT inhibited AOM-induced colon tumorigenesis by decreasing tumor incidence and size. LUT reduced the cell proliferation by decreasing the number of Argyrophillic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR)/nucleus and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) index. It was known that β-catenin is a key effector in Wingless and Int (Wnt) signaling pathway and 90% of colon tumors arise from mutations in this pathway. In this study, we show evidence that LUT inhibited colon carcinogenesis by decreasing AOM-induced cell proliferation through the involvement of β-catenin, Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and cyclin D1, the key components in Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, the protective effect of LUT could be attributed to inhibition of AOM-induced cellular proliferation probably through the involvement of β-catenin, GSK-3β and cyclin D1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pandurangan Ashokkumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Majumdar APN, Banerjee S, Nautiyal J, Patel BB, Patel V, Du J, Yu Y, Elliott AA, Levi E, Sarkar FH. Curcumin synergizes with resveratrol to inhibit colon cancer. Nutr Cancer 2009; 61:544-53. [PMID: 19838927 DOI: 10.1080/01635580902752262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Development and progression of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer, are associated with activation of multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, inhibition of these signaling pathways with noncytotoxic natural products represents a logical preventive and/or therapeutic approach for colon cancer. Curcumin and resveratrol, both of which inhibit the growth of transformed cells and colon carcinogenesis, were selected to examine whether combining them would be an effective preventive and/or therapeutic strategy for colon cancer. Indeed, the combination of curcumin and resveratrol was found to be more effective in inhibiting growth of p53-positive (wt) and p53-negative colon cancer HCT-116 cells in vitro and in vivo in SCID xenografts of colon cancer HCT-116 (wt) cells than either agent alone. Analysis by Calcusyn software showed synergism between curcumin and resveratrol. The inhibition of tumors in response to curcumin and/or resveratrol was associated with the reduction in proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis accompanied by attenuation of NF-kappaB activity. In vitro studies have further demonstrated that the combinatorial treatment caused a greater inhibition of constitutive activation of EGFR and its family members as well as IGF-1R. Our current data suggest that the combination of curcumin and resveratrol could be an effective preventive/therapeutic strategy for colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adhip P N Majumdar
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, 4646 John R, Room B-4238, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
62
|
Kraft TE, Parisotto D, Schempp C, Efferth T. Fighting Cancer with Red Wine? Molecular Mechanisms of Resveratrol. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:782-99. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390802248627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
63
|
Zeng H, Uthus EO, Ross SA, Davis CD. High dietary intake of sodium selenite does not affect gene mutation frequency in rat colon and liver. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 131:71-80. [PMID: 19263001 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that selenium (Se) is protective against dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced preneoplastic colon cancer lesions, and protection against DNA damage has been hypothesized to be one mechanism for the anticancer effect of Se. The present study was designed to determine whether dietary selenite affects somatic mutation frequency in vivo. We used the Big Blue transgenic model to evaluate the in vivo mutation frequency of the cII gene in rats fed either a Se-deficient (0 microg Se/g diet) or Se-supplemented diet (0.2 or 2 microg Se/g diet; n = 3 rats/diet in experiment 1 and n = 5 rats/group in experiment 2) and injected with DMH (25 mg/kg body weight, i.p.). There were no significant differences in body weight between the Se-deficient and Se-supplemented (0.2 or 2 microg Se/g diet) rats, but the activities of liver glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase and concentration of liver Se were significantly lower (p < 0.0001) in Se-deficient rats compared to rats supplemented with Se. We found no effect of dietary Se on liver 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Gene mutation frequency was significantly lower in liver (p < 0.001) than that of colon regardless of dietary Se. However, there were no differences in gene mutation frequency in DNA from colon mucosa or liver from rats fed the Se-deficient diet compared to those fed the Se-supplemented (0.2 or 2 microg Se/g diet) diet. Although gene mutations have been implicated in the etiology of cancer, our data suggest that decreasing gene mutation is not likely a key mechanism through which dietary selenite exerts its anticancer action against DMH-induced preneoplastic colon cancer lesions in a Big Blue transgenic rat model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
64
|
Sengottuvelan M, Deeptha K, Nalini N. Resveratrol attenuates 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced glycoconjugate abnormalities during various stages of colon carcinogenesis. Phytother Res 2009; 23:1154-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
65
|
Colin D, Gimazane A, Lizard G, Izard JC, Solary E, Latruffe N, Delmas D. Effects of resveratrol analogs on cell cycle progression, cell cycle associated proteins and 5fluoro-uracil sensitivity in human derived colon cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2780-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
66
|
Sengottuvelan M, Deeptha K, Nalini N. Resveratrol ameliorates DNA damage, prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:193-201. [PMID: 19523937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common internal malignancies in Western society. Currently oxidative stress has been increasingly postulated as a major contributor to carcinogenesis. The assessment of damage in various biological matrices, such as tissues and cells, is vital to understand the development of carcinogenesis and subsequently devising intervention strategies. Thus, the major objective of the present study was to examine the effect of resveratrol (Res) on DNA damage in a short-term study of 16 days and circulatory lipid peroxidation, enzymic/non-enzymic antioxidants status in a long-term study of 30 weeks in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis. Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups, group 1 were control rats, group 2 rats received Res (8mg/kg body weight, orally, everyday), rats in groups 3-6 were administered (DMH, 20mg/kg body weight, s.c.) as four injections in order to induce DNA damage in the short-term or once a week for the first 15 weeks in the long-term study. In addition to DMH, group 4 (initiation), 5 (post-initiation) and 6 (entire-period) received Res (8mg/kg body weight, p.o., everyday). The results revealed that, supplementation with Res (entire-period) treatment regimen significantly reduced the DMH-induced leukocytic DNA damage (tail length, tail moment, % DNA in the comet tail and olive tail moment) as compared to DMH-alone treated rats. In addition, entire-period Res supplementation increased the enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) and non-enzymic (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene) antioxidant status with a corresponding decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides). Conversely, Res supplementation during initiation and post-initiation regimen did not produce greater modulatory effects. Our results indicate that DMH-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress were suppressed/prevented effectively by chronic Res supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Sengottuvelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Resveratrol-mediated chemoprevention of diethylnitrosamine-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 179:131-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
68
|
Bishayee A. Cancer prevention and treatment with resveratrol: from rodent studies to clinical trials. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009; 2:409-18. [PMID: 19401532 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a dietary polyphenol derived from grapes, berries, peanuts, and other plant sources. During the last decade, resveratrol has been shown to possess a fascinating spectrum of pharmacologic properties. Multiple biochemical and molecular actions seem to contribute to resveratrol effects against precancerous or cancer cells. Resveratrol affects all three discrete stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression) by modulating signal transduction pathways that control cell division and growth, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The anticancer property of resveratrol has been supported by its ability to inhibit proliferation of a wide variety of human tumor cells in vitro. These in vitro data have led to numerous preclinical animal studies to evaluate the potential of this drug for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. This review provides concise, comprehensive data from preclinical in vivo studies in various rodent models of human cancers, highlighting the related mechanisms of action. Bioavailability, pharmacokinetic, and potential toxicity studies of resveratrol in humans and ongoing interventional clinical trials are also presented. The conclusion describes directions for future resveratrol research to establish its activity and utility as a human cancer preventive and therapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4209 State Route 44, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Mourão LRMB, Santana RSS, Paulo LM, Pugine SMP, Chaible LM, Fukumasu H, Dagli MLZ, de Melo MP. Protective action of indole-3-acetic acid on induced hepatocarcinoma in mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27:16-22. [PMID: 19107877 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the protective effects of IAA on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis. BALB/c mice received daily IAA at 50 (T(50)), 250 (T(250)), and 500 (T(500)) mg Kg(-1) per body mass by gavage for 15 days. At day 15, animals were administered DEN and sacrificed 4 h later. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed in sera. In addition, hepatomorphologic alterations, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and DNA integrity were evaluated in the liver. IAA administration did not show any alterations in any of the parameters available, except for a reduction of the gene expression for antioxidant enzymes by 55, 56, 27, and 28% for SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR upon T(500), respectively compared with the control. Several hepatic alterations were observed by DEN exposure. Moreover, IAA administration at 3 doses was shown to provide a total prevention of the active reduction of CAT and GR induced by DEN exposure compared with the control. IAA at T(500) was shown to give partial protection (87, 71, 57, and 90% for respectively SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) on the down-regulation of the enzymes induced by DEN and this auxin showed a partial protection (50%) on DEN-induced DNA fragmentation for both parameters when compared to DEN alone. This work showed IAA hepatocarcinogenesis protection for the first time by means of a DEN-protective effect on CAT and GR activity, and by affecting antioxidant gene expression and DNA fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana R M B Mourão
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
70
|
Hope C, Planutis K, Planutiene M, Moyer MP, Johal KS, Woo J, Santoso C, Hanson JA, Holcombe RF. Low concentrations of resveratrol inhibit Wnt signal throughput in colon-derived cells: implications for colon cancer prevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52 Suppl 1:S52-61. [PMID: 18504708 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a bioflavonoid which is known to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines at concentrations above 50 muM. It also has colon cancer prevention activity in mouse models and possibly in humans. We have examined the effects of low concentrations of resveratrol on a specific signaling pathway, the Wnt pathway, which is activated in over 85% of sporadic colon cancers. Two colon cancer (HT29 and RKO) and one normal mucosa-derived (NCM460) cell lines were utilized. Cell proliferation was not affected by resveratrol at < or =40 microM for HT29 and NCM460 and <20 microM for RKO though Wnt signal throughput, as measured by a reporter construct, was reduced in RKO and NCM460 at concentrations as low as 10 microM (p < 0.001). This effect was most easily appreciated following Wnt pathway stimulation with Wnt3a conditioned medium and LEF1 or LEF1/beta-catenin transfection. Resveratrol did not inhibit Wnt throughput in mutationally activated HT29. Low concentrations of resveratrol significantly decreased the amount and proportion of beta-catenin in the nucleus in RKO (p = 0.002) and reduced the expression of lgs and pygoI, regulators of beta-catenin localization, in all cells lines. Thus, at low concentrations, in the absence of effects on cell proliferation, resveratrol significantly inhibits Wnt signaling in colon-derived cells which do not have a basally activated Wnt pathway. This inhibitory effect may be due in part to regulation of intracellular beta-catenin localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hope
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Zykova TA, Zhu F, Zhai X, Ma WY, Ermakova SP, Lee KW, Bode AM, Dong Z. Resveratrol directly targets COX-2 to inhibit carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2008; 47:797-805. [PMID: 18381589 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Targeted molecular cancer therapies can potentially deliver treatment directly to a specific protein or gene to optimize efficacy and reduce adverse side effects often associated with traditional chemotherapy. Key oncoprotein and oncogene targets are rapidly being identified based on their expression, pathogenesis and clinical outcome. One such protein target is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is highly expressed in various cancers. Research findings suggest that resveratrol (RSVL; 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) demonstrates nonselective COX-2 inhibition. We report herein that RSVL directly binds with COX-2 and this binding is absolutely required for RSVL's inhibition of the ability of human colon adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells to form colonies in soft agar. Binding of COX-2 with RSVL was compared with two RSVL analogues, 3,3',4',5',5-pentahydroxy-trans-stilbene (RSVL-2) or 3,4',5-trimethoxy-trans-stilbene (RSVL-3). The results indicated that COX-2 binds with RSVL-2 more strongly than with RSVL, but does not bind with RSVL-3. RSVL or RSVL-2, but not RSVL-3, inhibited COX-2-mediated PGE(2) production in vitro and ex vivo. HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells express high levels of COX-2 and either RSVL or RSVL-2, but not RSVL-3, suppressed anchorage independent growth of these cells in soft agar. RSVL or RSVL-2 (not RSVL-3) suppressed growth of COX-2(+/+) cells by 60% or 80%, respectively. Notably, cells deficient in COX-2 were unresponsive to RSVL or RSVL-2. These data suggest that the anticancer effects of RSVL or RSLV-2 might be mediated directly through COX-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana A Zykova
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Hofseth LJ. Nitric oxide as a target of complementary and alternative medicines to prevent and treat inflammation and cancer. Cancer Lett 2008; 268:10-30. [PMID: 18440130 PMCID: PMC2680023 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and associated reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in many physiological functions. There has been an ongoing debate to whether RNS can inhibit or perpetuate chronic inflammation and associated carcinogenesis. Although the final outcome depends on the genetic make-up of its target, the surrounding microenvironment, the activity and localization of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, and overall levels of NO/RNS, evidence is accumulating that in general, RNS drive inflammation and cancers associated with inflammation. To this end, many complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) that work in chemoprevention associated with chronic inflammation, are inhibitors of excessive NO observed in inflammatory conditions. Here, we review recent literature outlining a role of NO/RNS in chronic inflammation and cancer, and point toward NO as one of several targets for the success of CAMs in treating chronic inflammation and cancer associated with this inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, 770 Sumter Street, Coker Life Sciences, Room 513C, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Resveratrol attenuates ischemic brain damage in the delayed phase after stroke and induces messenger RNA and protein express for angiogenic factors. J Vasc Surg 2008; 48:709-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 04/06/2008] [Accepted: 04/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
74
|
Pezzuto JM. Grapes and human health: a perspective. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:6777-6784. [PMID: 18662007 DOI: 10.1021/jf800898p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are a valuable source of numerous phytonutrients, including the intensively studied constituent, resveratrol. A question worth addressing is the potential of dietary grape consumption to positively modulate human health. Many studies have suggested cardiovascular benefits, and some work has indicated cancer chemopreventive activity. Data are particularly compelling in the area of skin cancer prevention. With financial support provided by the California Table Grape Commission, novel and exciting preliminary data are emerging from independent research suggesting beneficial activity against other less prevalent but devastating illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease and urinary bladder dysfunction. It is further suggested that some of the copious amounts of data obtained with resveratrol may be relevant to grape consumption, especially responses that can be mediated by low concentrations of the substance. Whether future specific health claims will be sought from or allowed by regulatory authorities is not known, but based on existing data, it is clear that grapes should be considered an integral component of fruit and vegetable enriched diets that are recommended by health authorities and widely accepted as beneficial for human health and disease prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Furtado RA, Rodrigues EP, Araújo FRR, Oliveira WL, Furtado MA, Castro MB, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Ursolic acid and oleanolic acid suppress preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rat colon. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:576-80. [PMID: 18467683 DOI: 10.1177/0192623308317423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) and oleanolic acid (OA) are pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds found in plants used in the human diet and in medicinal herbs, in the form of aglycones or as the free acid. These compounds are known for their hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, and antifertility activities. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of UA and OA on the formation of 1,2-dimethyl-hydrazine (DMH)-induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of the male Wistar rat. The animals received subcutaneous (sc) injections of DMH (40 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for two weeks to induce ACF. UA, OA and a mixture of UA and OA were administered to the rats five times a week for four weeks by gavage at doses of 25 mg/kg body weight/day each, during and after DMH treatment. All animals were sacrificed in week 5 for the evaluation of ACF. The results showed a significant reduction in the frequency of ACF in the group treated with the triterpenoid compounds plus DMH when compared to those treated with DMH alone, suggesting that UA and OA suppress the formation of ACF and have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Furtado
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201 Parque Universitário, Franca-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
76
|
Sreedharan V, Venkatachalam KK, Namasivayam N. Effect of morin on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine induced experimental colon carcinogenesis. Invest New Drugs 2008; 27:21-30. [PMID: 18496650 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most malignant neoplasm in the world and it remains today an important cause of death, especially in western countries. In this study, we have evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of morin on tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, which are used as biomarkers in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in a rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and received high fat diet. Group 1 served as control, groups 2 and 4 were given a daily treatment of morin (50 mg/kg body weight) orally, everyday for a total period of 30 weeks. Groups 3 and 4 were given weekly subcutaneous injections of DMH at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight in the groin for 15 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 30 weeks. The liver, intestine, colon and caecum from different groups were subjected to histopathological studies, determination of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Our results showed decreased levels of liver enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants and increased levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products such as tissue thiobarbituricacid substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) and conjugated dienes (CD) in DMH treated rats, which were significantly (P < 0.05) reversed on morin supplementation. Moreover, intestinal, colonic and caecal TBARS, LOOH, CD and also the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly diminished in DMH treated rats, which were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated on simultaneous morin supplementation. Moreover, enhanced activity of intestinal, colonic and caecal ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels were also observed in DMH alone treated rats, which were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced on morin supplementation. These results indicate that morin could exert a significant chemopreventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by DMH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vennila Sreedharan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Panneer Selvam J, Aranganathan S, Nalini N. Aberrant crypt foci and AgNORs as putative biomarkers to evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of pronyl-lysine in rat colon carcinogenesis. Invest New Drugs 2008; 26:531-40. [PMID: 18309460 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-008-9122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemoprevention opens new perspectives in the prevention of cancer and other degenerative diseases. Use of target-organ biological models at the histological and genetic levels can markedly facilitate the identification of potential chemopreventive agents. Our aim was to study the chemopreventive efficacy of pronyl-lysine, a key antioxidant present in bread crust by evaluating, the total number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), their distributions, dysplastic ACF, colonic tumor incidence and the expression of cell proliferation biomarker such as the argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region-associated proteins (AgNORs) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon cancer in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomized into seven groups, group 1 were control rats, group 2 received pronyl-lysine (2 mg/kg body weight p.o. everyday), rats in groups 3-7 were administered DMH (20 mg/kg body weight) in the groin for 15 weeks. In addition, group 4 (pre-initiation), 5 (initiation), 6 (post-initiation), and 7 (entire period) received pronyl-lysine (2 mg/kg body weight p.o) everyday. At the end of 34 weeks, pronyl-lysine supplementation showed markedly reduced tumor incidence, ACF development and also lowered number of AgNORs. Overall, these findings confirm that pronyl-lysine has a positive beneficial effect against chemically induced colonic preneoplastic progression in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayabal Panneer Selvam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Pour Nikfardjam MS, Pickering GJ. Influence of variety and commercial yeast preparation on red wine made from autochthonous Hungarian and Canadian grapes. Part I: phenolic composition. Eur Food Res Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-008-0822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
79
|
Murakami A, Ohigashi H. Targeting NOX, INOS and COX-2 in inflammatory cells: chemoprevention using food phytochemicals. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2357-63. [PMID: 17893865 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological, biochemical and physical stimuli activate inflammatory leukocytes, such as macrophages, resulting in induction and synthesis of proinflammatory proteins and enzymes, together with free radicals, as innate immune responses. On the other hand, chronic and dysregulated activation of some inducible enzymes, including NADPH oxidase (NOX), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, have been shown to play pivotal roles in the development of certain inflammatory diseases such as oncogenesis. While the use of synthetic agents, especially those targeting molecules, is an attractive and reasonable approach to prevent carcinogenesis, it should be noted that traditional herbs and spices also exist along with their active constituents, which have been demonstrated to disrupt inflammatory signal transduction pathways. In this mini-review, the molecular mechanisms of activation or induction of NOX, iNOS and COX-2, as well as some food phytochemicals with marked potential to regulate those key inflammatory molecules, are highlighted. For example, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX-derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 synthesis, respectively. Notably, this phytochemical has exhibited a wide range of cancer prevention activities in several rodent models of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. Herein, the cancer preventive potentials of several food phytochemicals targeting the induction of NOX, iNOS and COX-2 are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Murakami
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kalra N, Roy P, Prasad S, Shukla Y. RETRACTED: Resveratrol induces apoptosis involving mitochondrial pathways in mouse skin tumorigenesis. Life Sci 2007; 82:348-58. [PMID: 18201729 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 11/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).
This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief.
Multiple figures in this article appear to be falsified/fabricated, and can not be verified as the corresponding author does not have the original data.
Figure 2. It appears that data has been duplicated in panels V and VI.
Figure 3A. Lanes II and VI in the p53 wild band appear to be duplicated.
Figure 4A. Lanes I, II, V and VI of the Beta-actin blot appear to be the same data replicated.
Figure 4B. The representative blots in the Bcl-2 band, lanes V and VI are identical, as are all lanes in the Beta-actin band.
Figure 5B. Lanes III and IV of the Apaf 1 band, when rotated and vertically stretched, are duplicated and appear in Figure 3D as lanes III and IV of the Cytochrome C blot in “Chemopreventive potential of resveratrol in mouse skin tumors through regulation of mitochondrial and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.” Pharmaceutical Research (2009). Doi: 10.1007/s11095-008-9723-z.
Figure 5C. Lanes II and V of the Caspase 9 band appear to be duplicated.
Figure 5E. The bands in lane V and VI of the Beta-actin blot are duplicated.
Figure 5B and 5C. The Beta-actin lane IV band in 5B and lane IV in 5C appear to be duplicated from Figure 6B in “Hepatoprotective effects of lupeol and mango pulp extract of carcinogen induced alteration in Swiss albino mice.” Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2007). Doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200600113.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Kalra
- Proteomics Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, P.O. Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Kineman BD, Au A, Paiva NL, Kaiser MS, Brummer EC, Birt DF. Transgenic alfalfa that accumulates piceid (trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside) requires the presence of beta-glucosidase to inhibit the formation of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of CF-1 mice. Nutr Cancer 2007; 58:66-74. [PMID: 17571969 DOI: 10.1080/01635580701308208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plants have been genetically enhanced to produce a number of products for agricultural, industrial and pharmaceutical purposes. This technology could potentially be applied to providing chemoprevention strategies to the general population. Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a compound that has been shown to have protective activity against a number of cancers and could be an ideal candidate for such an application. Alfalfa that was genetically modified to express resveratrol-synthase was used as a model in applying biotechnological approaches to cancer prevention. The transgenic alfalfa, which accumulates resveratrol as a glucoside (piceid = trans-resveratrol-3-O-Beta-D-glucopyranoside) (152 +/- 17.5 microg piceid/g dry weight), was incorporated into a standard mouse diet at 20% of the diet by weight and fed for 5 wk to 6-wk-old, female CF-1 mice (N = 17-30) that were injected with a single dose of azoxymethane (5 mg/kg body weight). While the addition of resveratrol-aglycone (20 mg/kg diet) to the basal diet reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci/mouse, the transgenic alfalfa did not inhibit the number, size, or multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci in the colon of the CF-1 mice relative to control alfalfa which does not accumulate resveratrol-glucoside. However, diets containing transgenic alfalfa with an exogenous Beta-glucosidase (860 U/kg diet) did significantly inhibit the number of aberrant crypt foci in the distal 2 cm of the colon of the mice relative to mice fed diets containing the transgenic alfalfa without the enzyme (P < 0.05; Fisher's Combination of p-values). The Beta-glucosidase alone appeared to have no effect on the inhibition of aberrant crypt foci. These results suggest that piceid in transgenic piceid-accumulating alfalfa was not bioavailable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Kineman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Howells LM, Moiseeva EP, Neal CP, Foreman BE, Andreadi CK, Sun YY, Hudson EA, Manson MM. Predicting the physiological relevance of in vitro cancer preventive activities of phytochemicals. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007; 28:1274-304. [PMID: 17723163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2007.00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the ability of phytochemicals to prevent chronic diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. However, some of these agents have poor bioavailability and many of the in-depth studies into their mechanisms of action have been carried out in vitro using doses which are unachievable in humans. In order to optimize the design of chemopreventive treatment, it is important to determine which of the many reported mechanisms of action are clinically relevant. In this review we consider the physiologically achievable doses for a few of the best studied agents (indole-3-carbinol, diindolylmethane, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate and resveratrol) and summarize the data derived from studies using these low concentrations in cell culture. We then cite examples of in vitro effects which have been observed in vivo. Finally, the ability of agent combinations to act synergistically or antagonistically is considered. We conclude that each of the compounds shows an encouraging range of activities in vitro at concentrations which are likely to be physiologically relevant. There are also many examples of in vivo studies which validate in vitro observations. An important consideration is that combinations of agents can result in significant activity at concentrations where any single agent is inactive. Thus, for each of the compounds reviewed here, in vitro studies have provided useful insights into their mechanisms of action in humans. However, data are lacking on the full range of activities at low doses in vitro and the benefits or otherwise of combinations in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Howells
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
Saiko P, Szakmary A, Jaeger W, Szekeres T. Resveratrol and its analogs: defense against cancer, coronary disease and neurodegenerative maladies or just a fad? Mutat Res 2007; 658:68-94. [PMID: 17890139 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene; RV), a dietary constituent found in grapes and wine, exerts a wide variety of pharmacological activities. Because the grape skins are not fermented in the production process of white wines, only red wines contain considerable amounts of this compound. RV is metabolized into sulfated and glucuronidated forms within approximately 15min of entering the bloodstream, and moderate consumption of red wine results in serum levels of RV that barely reach the micromolar concentrations. In contrast, its metabolites, which may be the active principle, circulate in serum for up to 9h. RV has been identified as an effective candidate for cancer chemoprevention due its ability to block each step in the carcinogenesis process by inhibiting several molecular targets such as kinases, cyclooxygenases, ribonucleotide reductase, and DNA polymerases. In addition, RV protects the cardiovascular system by a large number of mechanisms, including defense against ischemic-reperfusion injury, promotion of vasorelaxation, protection and maintenance of intact endothelium, anti-atherosclerotic properties, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and suppression of platelet aggregation, thereby strongly supporting its role in the prevention of coronary disease. Promising data within the use of RV have also been obtained regarding progressive neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. Because neurotoxicity is often related to mitochondrial dysfunction and may be ameliorated through the inclusion of metabolic modifiers and/or antioxidants, RV may provide an alternative (and early) intervention approach that could prevent further damage. RV induces a multitude of effects that depend on the cell type (e.g., NF-kappaB modulation in cancer cells vs. neural cells), cellular condition (normal, stressed, or malignant), and concentration (proliferative vs. growth arrest), and it can have opposing activities. RV affects whole pathways and sets of intracellular events rather than a single enzyme and, therefore, may be an effective therapy to restore homoestasis. Nonetheless, the question of whether RV or its metabolites can accumulate to bioactive levels in target organs remains to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Saiko
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Akos Szakmary
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Jaeger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Szekeres
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Zhang G, Flach CR, Mendelsohn R. Tracking the dephosphorylation of resveratrol triphosphate in skin by confocal Raman microscopy. J Control Release 2007; 123:141-7. [PMID: 17826862 PMCID: PMC2096630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic resveratrol has been identified as a potent antioxidant acting as both a free radical scavenger and an inhibitor of enzyme oxidative activity. However, the reactive propensity of resveratrol also limits its use in topical formulations. A transient derivative of resveratrol, resveratrol triphosphate, has been designed to provide a means for the delayed delivery of the active compound in skin tissue where endogenous enzymes capable of dephosphorylation reside. Confocal Raman microscopy studies of intact pigskin biopsies treated with modified resveratrol provided information about the spatial distribution and time-dependence of permeation and conversion to the native active form. Conversion to the active form was not observed when skin samples were exposed to steam, a procedure that likely inactivates endogenous skin enzymes. In addition, treatment with the triphosphate compared to the parent compound revealed a more homogeneous distribution of resveratrol throughout the stratum corneum and viable epidermis when the former was applied. Thus, the bioavailability of resveratrol in the epidermis appears to be enhanced upon application of the pro-molecule compared to resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol R. Flach
- Corresponding author: Tel.:973-353-1330; Fax: 973-353-1264; e-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
Dong W, Gao D, Lin H, Zhang X, Li N, Li F. New insights into mechanism for the effect of resveratrol preconditioning against cerebral ischemic stroke: Possible role of matrix metalloprotease-9. Med Hypotheses 2007; 70:52-5. [PMID: 17601679 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is found in a few edible materials and is well known for its phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties. A growing body of in vivo and in vitro evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effect on cerebral ischemic stroke. Here, we review the effect of resveratrol on cerebral ischemic stroke, and propose a possible mechanism. During acute phases after stroke, resveratrol preconditioning suppresses matrix metalloprotease-9 activity to ameliorate blood-brain barrier disruption, edema formation and neuronal cell death caused by ischemia and reperfusion. But during delayed phases after stroke, resveratrol preconditioning conduces to cerebral angiogenesis and brain regeneration through increasing matrix metalloprotease-9 activity and expression. Resveratrol's effect on matrix metalloprotease-9 is distinguishing in different phases because of temporal and spatial redistribution of matrix metalloprotease-9 within the cells of the neurovascular unit after cerebral ischemia. This paper also hypothesizes that resveratrol treatment after cerebral ischemia might be beneficial for cerebral angiogenesis and brain regeneration during delayed phases after stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Dong
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le West Street, No. 15, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710032, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Wang L, Zhang Z. Molecular imprinted polymer-based chemiluminescence imaging sensor for the detection of trans-resveratrol. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 592:115-20. [PMID: 17512815 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive, rapid and inexpensive chemiluminescence (CL) imaging has been developed based on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) sensing elements. Imprinted uniform microspheres were synthesized by precipitation polymerization. Microtiter plates (96 wells) were coated with polymer microspheres imprinted with trans-resveratrol, which were fixed in place using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as glue. The amount of polymer-bound trans-resveratrol was quantified using imidazole (IMZ)-catalyzed peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) reaction. The light produced was then measured with a high-resolution CCD camera. Calibration curve corresponding to analyte concentration ranging from 0.3 to 25 microg mL(-1) was obtained with a limit of detection 0.1 microg mL(-1). These results showed that the MIP-based CL imaging sensor can become a useful analytical tool for quick simultaneous detection of trans-resveratrol in a large number of real samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Benitez DA, Pozo-Guisado E, Clementi M, Castellón E, Fernandez-Salguero PM. Non-genomic action of resveratrol on androgen and oestrogen receptors in prostate cancer: modulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Br J Cancer 2007; 96:1595-604. [PMID: 17486135 PMCID: PMC2359939 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents a major concern in human oncology and the phytoalexin resveratrol (RES) inhibits growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis. In addition, previous data indicate that in oestrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells, RES induces apoptosis by inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Here, using androgen receptor (AR)-positive LNCaP and oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-expressing PC-3 prostate tumour cells, we have analysed whether the antiproliferative activity of RES takes place by inhibition of the AR- or ERα-dependent PI3K pathway. Although RES treatment (up to 150 μM) decreased AR and ERα protein levels, it did not affect AR and ERα interaction with p85-PI3K. Immunoprecipitation and kinase assays showed that RES inhibited AR- and ERα-dependent PI3K activities in LNCaP and PC-3, respectively. Consistently, lower PI3K activities correlated with decreased phosphorylation of downstream targets protein kinase B/AKT (PKB/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 dephosphorylation could be responsible for the decreased cyclin D1 levels observed in both cell lines. Importantly, RES markedly decreased PKB/AKT phosphorylation in primary cultures from human prostate tumours, suggesting that the mechanism proposed here could take place in vivo. Thus, RES could have antitumoral activity in androgen-sensitive and androgen-non-sensitive human prostate tumours by inhibiting survival pathways such as that mediated by PI3K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Benitez
- Laboratorio de Andrología Celular y Molecular, PDFB, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 70005, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - E Pozo-Guisado
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06080, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M Clementi
- Laboratorio de Andrología Celular y Molecular, PDFB, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 70005, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - E Castellón
- Laboratorio de Andrología Celular y Molecular, PDFB, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, P.O. Box 70005, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - P M Fernandez-Salguero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06080, Badajoz, Spain
- E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis of rats is a model of human dilated cardiomyopathy. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in grapes and wine that is reported to have cardioprotective and immunomodulatory effects. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the effect of resveratrol on myocarditis, vehicle or resveratrol (50 mg/kg per day) was administered to cardiac myosin immunized rats 1 day before the immunization. At 14 days after immunization, resveratrol had preserved cardiac function of myosin-immunized rats according to echocardiographic analysis. The heart weight/tibial length ratio of vehicle-treated myosin-immunized rats was increased by 1.8-fold compared with unimmunized rats, and resveratrol attenuated the heart weight increase. Resveratrol significantly decreased cellular infiltration, fibrosis, and expression of inflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. Expressions of antioxidant genes were increased in myosin-immunized hearts, and resveratrol decreased those expressions. Resveratrol also attenuated myocarditis 21 days after immunization. SIRT1, a potential effector of resveratrol, was increased in the myocardium of myosin-immunized rats compared with unimmunized rats. The SIRT1 protein was localized mainly in infiltrating mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol significantly ameliorated myocardial injury and preserved cardiac function in a rat model of autoimmune myocarditis. Resveratrol may be a therapeutic modality for myocarditis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
89
|
Athar M, Back JH, Tang X, Kim KH, Kopelovich L, Bickers DR, Kim AL. Resveratrol: a review of preclinical studies for human cancer prevention. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 224:274-83. [PMID: 17306316 PMCID: PMC2083123 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2006.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 12/06/2006] [Accepted: 12/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents has led to the identification of various naturally occurring compounds one of which is resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), a phytoalexin derived from the skin of grapes and other fruits. Resveratrol is known to have potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and to inhibit platelet aggregation and the growth of a variety of cancer cells. Its potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities have been demonstrated in all three stages of carcinogenesis (initiation, promotion, and progression), in both chemically and UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in mice, as well as in various murine models of human cancers. Evidence from numerous in vitro and in vivo studies has confirmed its ability to modulate various targets and signaling pathways. This review discusses the current preclinical and mechanistic data available and assesses resveratrol's anticancer effects to support its potential as an anticancer agent in human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street VC15-204, New York, NY
| | - Jung Ho Back
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street VC15-204, New York, NY
| | - Xiuwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street VC15-204, New York, NY
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Levy Kopelovich
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David R. Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street VC15-204, New York, NY
| | - Arianna L. Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168 Street VC15-204, New York, NY
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. Departments of Dermatology, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street VC15-204, New York, NY 10032, USA, Phone: 212-851-4542, Fax: 212-305-7391,
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Suh N, Paul S, Hao X, Simi B, Xiao H, Rimando AM, Reddy BS. Pterostilbene, an Active Constituent of Blueberries, Suppresses Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation in the Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis Model in Rats. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:350-5. [PMID: 17200374 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiologic studies have linked the consumption of fruits and vegetables to reduced risk of several types of cancer. Laboratory animal model studies have provided evidence that stilbenes, phenolic compounds present in grapes and blueberries, play a role in inhibiting the risk of certain cancers. Pterostilbene, a naturally occurring stilbene from blueberries, was tested for its preventive activity against colon carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Experiments were designed to study the inhibitory effect of pterostilbene against the formation of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) preneoplastic lesions in male F344 rats. Beginning at 7 weeks of age, rats were treated with azoxymethane (15 mg/kg body weight s.c., once weekly for 2 weeks). One day after the second azoxymethane treatment, rats were fed experimental diets containing 0 or 40 ppm of pterostilbene. At 8 weeks after the second azoxymethane treatment, all rats were sacrificed, and colons were evaluated for ACF formation and for inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Effects on mucin MUC2 were also determined. RESULTS Administration of pterostilbene for 8 weeks significantly suppressed azoxymethane-induced formation of ACF (57% inhibition, P < 0.001) and multiple clusters of aberrant crypts (29% inhibition, P < 0.01). Importantly, dietary pterostilbene also suppressed azoxymethane-induced colonic cell proliferation and iNOS expression. Inhibition of iNOS expression by pterostilbene was confirmed in cultured human colon cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study suggest that pterostilbene, a compound present in blueberries, is of great interest for the prevention of colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
91
|
Hord NG, Fenton JI. Context is everything: Mining the normal and preneoplastic microenvironment for insights into the diet and cancer risk conundrum. Mol Nutr Food Res 2007; 51:100-6. [PMID: 17195262 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200600157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the context-dependence of epithelial carcinogenesis in order to illuminate the potential for progress in the field of diet and cancer prevention. Estimates drawn from observational epidemiology imply that diet and lifestyle changes have the potential to prevent 30-40% of cancer cases. However, the application of knowledge gleaned from observational epidemiology applied to randomized clinical trials (RCT) has yielded equivocal or negative results. Resolving this conundrum requires: (i) advances in diet assessment methodologies and the design of clinical trials; (ii) greater knowledge of the active components within foods which may impact cancer risk; and (iii) knowledge about the effects of dietary components on susceptible tissues throughout the disease process (Meyskens, F. L., Jr., Szabo, E., Diet and cancer: The disconnect between epidemiology and RCT. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14, 1366-1369). Explicit consideration of the causal criteria will pay tangible benefits in the design of basic, clinical, and epidemiologic studies in cancer prevention. The rational identification of diet-dependent physiologic targets for cancer prevention is best pursued by appreciating context-dependence of epithelial carcinogenesis. Five contexts, or paradigms useful in understanding the multifactorial nature of carcinogenesis, are offered which describe the potential diet-associated physiologic influences on normal and preneoplastic cells and tumor microenvironments. Taken together with the interactions of systemic, endocrine, and autocrine/paracrine signals that may modulate the process of carcinogenesis, we can appreciate how dietary factors may act collectively in normal tissues or at early stages of carcinogenesis to prevent cancer. Only by understanding the effect of dietary components on the cellular and stromal components of the tissue microenvironment early in the process of epithelial carcinogenesis will yield clues useful for the development of improved strategies for cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norman G Hord
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
92
|
Kundu JK, Shin YK, Surh YJ. Resveratrol modulates phorbol ester-induced pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways in mouse skin in vivo: NF-kappaB and AP-1 as prime targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:1506-15. [PMID: 16999939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Functional abnormalities of intracellular signaling network cause the disruption in homeostasis maintained by critical cellular components, thereby accelerating premalignant and malignant transformation. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that an elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is causally linked to tumorigenesis. The exposure to oxidative/pro-inflammatory stimuli turns on signaling arrays mediated by diverse classes of kinases and transcription factors, which may lead to aberrant expression of COX-2. We have attempted to unravel the signal transduction pathways involved in elevated COX-2 expression in mouse skin stimulated with a prototype tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and its modulation by resveratrol, a phytoalexin known to exert potential chemopreventive effects. Our study revealed that topical application of TPA induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin via activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), which is regulated by upstream IkappaB kinase (IKK) or differentially by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Besides NF-kappaB, the p38 MAP kinase-mediated activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) has also been attributed to TPA-induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin. Among the MAP kinases, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and p38 MAP kinase have been shown to regulate TPA-induced NF-kappaB activation, while p38 MAP kinase and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase are preferentially involved in TPA-induced activation of AP-1 in mouse skin in vivo. This commentary focuses on resveratrol modulation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in aberrant COX-2 expression in TPA-stimulated mouse skin to delineate molecular mechanisms underlying antitumor promoting effects of resveratrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Kumar Kundu
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shinlim-9-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
93
|
Abstract
Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, has long been suspected to have cardioprotective effects. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, first from its identification as a chemopreventive agent for skin cancer, and subsequently from reports that it activates sirtuin deacetylases and extends the lifespans of lower organisms. Despite scepticism concerning its bioavailability, a growing body of in vivo evidence indicates that resveratrol has protective effects in rodent models of stress and disease. Here, we provide a comprehensive and critical review of the in vivo data on resveratrol, and consider its potential as a therapeutic for humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Baur
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|