51
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PRAJAPATI BI, SOLANKI KM, DEVI SARITA, KATIRA BP, PATEL SS, RAVAL SH, MOMIN RR. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of ESBLs producing Escherichia coli in bovine faecal and milk samples of North Gujarat. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i7.106667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing E. coli seems to be emerging in veterinary science impacting major threat to public health due to resistance to golden age antibiotics. In this study a total of 109 samples (42 faecal and 67 mastitis milk) of bovines were collected from different regions of North Gujarat. The samples were cultured and identified by standard procedures. The screening for ESBLs production was performed by using Cefotaxime and Cefotaxime+Clavulanate (Combination disc screening method). A total of 71 E. coli isolates were recovered from 109 samples processed, out of which thirty (42.25%) isolates (17 from milk and 13 from faecal) were positive for ESBLs showing multiple resistance to the antibiotics used. The ESBL confirmed isolates were further processed for detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes. Major gene detected was blaTEM in 17 (23.94%) E. coli isolates. Antibiotic resistance pattern of E. coli isolates was studied against eleven commonly used antimicrobial drugs in the northern region of Gujarat. The results recorded resistance tofollowing antibiotics: tetracycline (100%), ampicillin/sulbactum (83.10%), amoxiclav and gentamicin (83.10%), chloramphenicol (57.74%), ceftriaxone (66.19%), cefoperazone (66.19%), ciprofloxacin (74.65%), amikacin (57.74%), enrofloxacin (74.65%) and, levofloxacin (74.65%).
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52
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Carroll LM, Huisman JS, Wiedmann M. Twentieth-century emergence of antimicrobial resistant human- and bovine-associated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium lineages in New York State. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14428. [PMID: 32879348 PMCID: PMC7467927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) boasts a broad host range and can be transmitted between livestock and humans. While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of this acquisition is not well understood. Using New York State (NYS) and its dairy cattle farms as a model system, 87 S. Typhimurium strains isolated from 1999 to 2016 from either human clinical or bovine-associated sources in NYS were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. More than 91% of isolates were classified into one of four major lineages, two of which were largely susceptible to antimicrobials but showed sporadic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene acquisition, and two that were largely multidrug-resistant (MDR). All four lineages clustered by presence and absence of elements in the pan-genome. The two MDR lineages, one of which resembled S. Typhimurium DT104, were predicted to have emerged circa 1960 and 1972. The two largely susceptible lineages emerged earlier, but showcased sporadic AMR determinant acquisition largely after 1960, including acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring genes after 1985. These results confine the majority of AMR acquisition events in NYS S. Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jana S Huisman
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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53
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Iwu CD, Korsten L, Okoh AI. The incidence of antibiotic resistance within and beyond the agricultural ecosystem: A concern for public health. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1035. [PMID: 32710495 PMCID: PMC7520999 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The agricultural ecosystem creates a platform for the development and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, which is promoted by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the veterinary, agricultural, and medical sectors. This results in the selective pressure for the intrinsic and extrinsic development of the antimicrobial resistance phenomenon, especially within the aquaculture‐animal‐manure‐soil‐water‐plant nexus. The existence of antimicrobial resistance in the environment has been well documented in the literature. However, the possible transmission routes of antimicrobial agents, their resistance genes, and naturally selected antibiotic‐resistant bacteria within and between the various niches of the agricultural environment and humans remain poorly understood. This study, therefore, outlines an overview of the discovery and development of commonly used antibiotics; the timeline of resistance development; transmission routes of antimicrobial resistance in the agro‐ecosystem; detection methods of environmental antimicrobial resistance determinants; factors involved in the evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance in the environment and the agro‐ecosystem; and possible ways to curtail the menace of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie D Iwu
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Lise Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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54
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De Angelis G, Del Giacomo P, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Tumbarello M. Molecular Mechanisms, Epidemiology, and Clinical Importance of β-Lactam Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145090. [PMID: 32708513 PMCID: PMC7404273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being members of gut microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae are associated with many severe infections such as bloodstream infections. The β-lactam drugs have been the cornerstone of antibiotic therapy for such infections. However, the overuse of these antibiotics has contributed to select β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates, so that β-lactam resistance is nowadays a major concern worldwide. The production of enzymes that inactivate β-lactams, mainly extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, can confer multidrug resistance patterns that seriously compromise therapeutic options. Further, β-lactam resistance may result in increases in the drug toxicity, mortality, and healthcare costs associated with Enterobacteriaceae infections. Here, we summarize the updated evidence about the molecular mechanisms and epidemiology of β-lactamase-mediated β-lactam resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, and their potential impact on clinical outcomes of β-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (B.P.); (M.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Del Giacomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (B.P.); (M.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.D.A.); (B.P.); (M.S.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mario Tumbarello
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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55
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Elamary RB, Albarakaty FM, Salem WM. Efficacy of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract in treating biofilm-forming and multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with UTI syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11125. [PMID: 32636429 PMCID: PMC7341837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the dominant bacterial cause of UTI among the uropathogens in both developed and developing countries. This study is to investigate the effect of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract on the survival and biofilm of isolated pathogens to reduce UTIs diseases. A total of 170 urine samples were collected from Luxor general hospital and private medical analysis laboratories in Luxor providence, Egypt. Samples were screened for the incidence of uropathogens by biochemical tests, antibiotics susceptibility, detection of virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes by multiplex PCR, biofilm formation, and time-killing assay. Escherichia coli is by far the most prevalent causative agent with the percentage of 73.7% followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii. Isolates were multidrug-resistant containing blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX, qnrs, and aac(3)-Ia resistant genes. All isolates were sensitive to 15-16.7 mg ml-1 of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract. Time killing assay confirmed the bactericidal effect of the extract over time (20-24 h). A high percentage of 3-Cyclohexane-1-Carboxaldehyde, 2,6,6-trimethyl (23.5%); á-Selinene (15.12%); Oleic Acid (14.52%); Globulol (11.35%) were detected among 19 bioactive phytochemical compounds in the aqueous extract of A. nilotica over the GC-mass spectra analysis. The plant extract reduced significantly the biofilm activity of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, and P. aeuroginosa by 62.6, 59. 03, 48.9 and 39.2%, respectively. The challenge to improve the production of A. nilotica phytochemicals is considered a very low price for the return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaia B Elamary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Fawziah M Albarakaty
- Department of Biology, College of Applied Sciences, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah Al Moukarramh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam M Salem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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56
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Wang W, Zhao L, Hu Y, Dottorini T, Fanning S, Xu J, Li F. Epidemiological Study on Prevalence, Serovar Diversity, Multidrug Resistance, and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Salmonella spp. from Patients with Diarrhea, Food of Animal Origin, and Pets in Several Provinces of China. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e00092-20. [PMID: 32312775 PMCID: PMC7318004 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00092-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 2,283 Salmonella isolates were recovered from 18,334 samples, including samples from patients with diarrhea, food of animal origin, and pets, across 5 provinces of China. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. was detected in chicken meats (39.3%, 486/1,237). Fifteen serogroups and 66 serovars were identified, with Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis being the most dominant. Most (85.5%, 1,952/2,283) isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial, and 56.4% were multidrug resistant (MDR). A total of 222 isolates harbored extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and 200 of these were of the CTX-M type and were mostly detected in isolates from chicken meat and turtle fecal samples. Overall, eight blaCTX-M genes were identified, with blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-123, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-79, and blaCTX-M-130 being the most prevalent. In total, 166 of the 222 ESBL-producing isolates had amino acid substitutions in GyrA (S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, and D87Y) and ParC (S80I), while the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR)-encoding genes oqxA, oqxB, qepA, qnrB, and qnrS were detected in almost all isolates. Of the 15 sequence types (STs) identified in the 222 ESBLs, ST17, ST11, ST34, and ST26 ranked among the top 5 in number of isolates. Our study revealed considerable serovar diversity and a high prevalence of the co-occurrence of MDR determinants, including CTX-M-type ESBLs, quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) mutations, and PMQR genes. This is the first report of CTX-M-130 Salmonella spp. from patients with diarrhea and QRDR mutations from turtle fecal samples. Our study emphasizes the importance of actions, both in health care settings and in the veterinary medicine sector, to control the dissemination of MDR, especially the CTX-M-type ESBL-harboring Salmonella isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Tania Dottorini
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Séamus Fanning
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Jin Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
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57
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An investigation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in Klebsiella isolated from foodborne outbreaks in Iran. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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58
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Parvin MS, Talukder S, Ali MY, Chowdhury EH, Rahman MT, Islam MT. Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Frozen Chicken Meat in Bangladesh. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060420. [PMID: 32481680 PMCID: PMC7350304 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is known as one of the most important foodborne pathogens in humans, and contaminated chicken meat is an important source of foodborne infection with this bacterium. The occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli (ESBL-Ec), in particular, in chicken meat is considered a global health problem. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of E. coli, with special emphasis on ESBL-Ec, along with their phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern in frozen chicken meat. The study also focused on the determination of ESBL-encoding genes in E. coli. A total of 113 frozen chicken meat samples were purchased from 40 outlets of nine branded supershops in five megacities in Bangladesh. Isolation and identification of E. coli were done based on cultural and biochemical properties, as well as PCR assay. The resistance pattern was determined by the disc diffusion method. ESBL-encoding genes were determined by multiplex PCR. The results showed that 76.1% of samples were positive for E. coli, of which 86% were ESBL producers. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Resistance to 9-11 and 12-13 antimicrobial classes was observed in 38.4% and 17.4% isolates, respectively, while only 11.6% were resistant to 3-5 classes. Possible extensive drug resistance (pXDR) was found in 2.3% of isolates. High single resistance was observed for oxytetracycline (93%) and amoxicillin (91.9%), followed by ampicillin (89.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pefloxacin (88.4%), and tetracycline (84.9%). Most importantly, 89.6% of isolates were resistant to carbapenems. All the isolates were positive for the blaTEM gene. However, the blaSHV and blaCTX-M-2 genes were identified in two ESBL-non producer isolates. None of the isolates carried the blaCTX-M-1 gene. This study provided evidence of the existence of MDR and pXDR ESBL-Ec in frozen chicken meat in Bangladesh, which may pose a risk to human health if the meat is not properly cooked or pickled raw only. This emphasizes the importance of the implementation of good slaughtering and processing practices by the processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (S.T.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Sudipta Talukder
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (S.T.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Md. Yamin Ali
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (S.T.); (M.Y.A.)
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (M.S.P.); (S.T.); (M.Y.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-916-7401
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59
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Chandler JC, Anders JE, Blouin NA, Carlson JC, LeJeune JT, Goodridge LD, Wang B, Day LA, Mangan AM, Reid DA, Coleman SM, Hopken MW, Bisha B. The Role of European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) in the Dissemination of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli among Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8093. [PMID: 32415136 PMCID: PMC7229194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial use in livestock production is a driver for the development and proliferation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Wildlife interactions with livestock, acquiring associated AMR bacteria and genes, and wildlife's subsequent dispersal across the landscape are hypothesized to play an important role in the ecology of AMR. Here, we examined priority AMR phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) found on concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs). European starlings may be present in high numbers on CAFOs (>100,000 birds), interact with urban environments, and can migrate distances exceeding 1,500 km in North America. In this study, 1,477 European starlings from 31 feedlots in five U.S. states were sampled for E. coli resistant to third generation cephalosporins (3G-C) and fluoroquinolones. The prevalence of 3G-C and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli was 4% and 10%, respectively. Multidrug resistance in the E. coli isolates collected (n = 236) was common, with the majority of isolates displaying resistance to six or more classes of antibiotics. Genetic analyses of a subset of these isolates identified 94 genes putatively contributing to AMR, including seven class A and C β-lactamases as well as mutations in gyrA and parC recognized to confer resistance to quinolones. Phylogenetic and subtyping assessments showed that highly similar isolates (≥99.4% shared core genome, ≥99.6% shared coding sequence) with priority AMR were found in birds on feedlots separated by distances exceeding 150 km, suggesting that European starlings could be involved in the interstate dissemination of priority AMR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Chandler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer E Anders
- University of Wyoming, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Nicolas A Blouin
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - James C Carlson
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Jeffrey T LeJeune
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Baolin Wang
- University of Wyoming, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Leslie A Day
- University of Wyoming, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Anna M Mangan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dustin A Reid
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shannon M Coleman
- Iowa State University, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Matthew W Hopken
- Colorado State University, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Bledar Bisha
- University of Wyoming, Department of Animal Science, Laramie, WY, USA.
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60
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Acquired AmpC β-Lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae from Healthy Humans and Animals, Food, Aquatic and Trout Aquaculture Environments in Portugal. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040273. [PMID: 32283601 PMCID: PMC7238129 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the occurrence of acquired AmpC β-lactamases (qAmpC), and characterize qAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae from different non-clinical environments in Portugal. We analysed 880 Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins recovered from 632 non-clinical samples [healthy human and healthy animal (swine, chickens) faeces; uncooked chicken carcasses; aquatic and trout aquaculture samples]. Bacterial and qAmpC identification, antibiotic susceptibility, clonal (PFGE, MLST) and plasmid (S1-/I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis were performed using standard methods. The occurrence of qAmpC among Enterobacteriaceae from non-clinical origins was low (0.6%; n = 4/628 samples), corresponding to CMY-2-producing Escherichia coli from three healthy humans (HH) and one uncooked chicken carcass (UCC). We highlight a slight increase in CMY-2 human faecal carriage in the two periods sampled [1.0% in 2013–2014 versus 0% in 2001–2004], which is in accordance with the trend observed in other European countries. CMY-2-producing E. coli belonged to B22-ST4953 (n = 2, HH), A0-ST665 (n = 1, HH) or A1-ST48 (n = 1, UCC) clones. blaCMY-2 was identified in non-typeable and IncA/C2 plasmids. This study is one of the few providing an integrated evaluation of the qAmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae occurrence, which was low, from a very large collection of different non-clinical origins. Further surveillance in contemporary collections can provide an integrated epidemiological information of potential shifts in reservoirs, transmission routes and mechanisms of dissemination of blaqAmpC in non-clinical settings.
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61
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Kim S, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim M, Kwak H, Ryu S. Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characteristics in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Meats in Korea. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E508. [PMID: 32252466 PMCID: PMC7232390 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) has posed a critical health risk to both humans and animals, because resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics makes treatment for commonly infectious diseases more complicated. In this study, we report the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ESBL-ECs isolated from retail meat samples in Korea. A total of 1205 E. coli strains were isolated from 3234 raw meat samples, purchased from nationwide retail stores between 2015 and 2018. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for all isolates by a broth microdilution method, and the ESBL phenotype was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) confirmatory method. All ESBL-EC isolates (n = 29) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid incompatibility types, E. coli phylogroups, and phylogenetic relations were investigated based on the WGS data. The prevalence of ESBL-ECs in chicken was significantly higher than that in other meat samples. The results in this study demonstrate that clonally diverse ESBL-ECs with a multidrug resistance phenotype were distributed nationwide, although their prevalence from retail meat was 0.9%. The dissemination of ESBL-ECs from retail meat poses a potential risk to consumers and food-handlers, suggesting that the continuous surveillance of ESBL-ECs in retail meat should be conducted at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhwan Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hansol Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Yonghoon Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Migyeong Kim
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Hyosun Kwak
- Division of Food Microbiology, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju 28159, Korea; (S.K.); (H.K.); (Y.K.); (M.K.)
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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62
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Höring S, Lemmen S. [Management of patients with multidrug-resistant bacteria after hospital discharge]. MMW Fortschr Med 2020; 162:56-60. [PMID: 32248468 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-020-0343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Höring
- Zentralbereich für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie (ZfKI), Zentrum für Infektiologie (DGI), Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
| | - Sebastian Lemmen
- Leiter des Zentralbereichs für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektiologie (ZfKI), Zentrum für Infektiologie (DGI), Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Deutschland
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Alegría Á, Arias-Temprano M, Fernández-Natal I, Rodríguez-Calleja JM, García-López ML, Santos JA. Molecular Diversity of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli from Foods of Animal Origin and Human Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1312. [PMID: 32085569 PMCID: PMC7068493 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissemination of enterobacteria that produce extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) throughout the food chain has become an important health concern. This work aimed to evaluate the occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in foods of animal origin and to investigate the similarities between food and human isolates. The presence of beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae was analyzed in 108 food samples, isolating 10 strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Citrobacter freundi, and one of Hafnia alvei. E. coli isolates were compared to a group of 15 strains isolated from human patients by antibiotic susceptibility testing, characterization of ESBL genes (blaTEM, blaCTX,), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Nineteen (14 clinical and five food) isolates carried blaCTX, 14 (six clinical and eight food) carried blaTEM, and three (one clinical and two food) carried blaSHV gen. MLST analysis revealed the prevalence of ST131 among the clinical strains, which grouped together in a PFGE cluster. Food isolates showed higher diversity and two of them (ST57) grouped with clinical strains, whereas another two belonged to clonal groups with virulence potential (ST59). In conclusion, the results showed that foods of animal origin must be regarded as a reservoir of ESBL-producing bacteria of clinical relevance, which might spread through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alegría
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Marta Arias-Temprano
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Isabel Fernández-Natal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León (CAULE), ES24071 León, Spain; (M.A.-T.); (I.F.-N.)
| | - Jose M. Rodríguez-Calleja
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - María-Luisa García-López
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús A. Santos
- Department of Food Hygiene and Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, ES24071 León, Spain; (Á.A.); (J.M.R.-C.); (M.-L.G.-L.)
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64
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Buberg ML, Witsø IL, L'Abée-Lund TM, Wasteson Y. Zinc and Copper Reduce Conjugative Transfer of Resistance Plasmids from Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:842-849. [PMID: 31951514 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work addresses the effect of excess levels of ZnCl2 and CuSO4 in the growth medium on the conjugative transfer of plasmids carrying the antibiotic resistance gene blaCMY-2 from extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli. Norwegian poultry are not treated prophylactically with antibiotics, but still, ESBL-producing E. coli are found in the chicken populations. Chickens receive higher amounts of Zn and Cu than their biological need, and several metals have been shown to act as drivers of antimicrobial resistance. In the present study, ESBL-producing E. coli strains collected from retail chicken meat were mated in broth containing various concentrations of ZnCl2 and CuSO4. Manual counting of transconjugants showed that ZnCl2 and CuSO4 reduced the conjugation frequency between E. coli strains in a concentration-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses showed that the presence of ZnCl2 and CuSO4 in the growth media reduced expression of the conjugation genes traB and nikB. By propagating monocultures over several generations, it was found that the blaCMY-2 plasmids remained stable in the recipient strains. Together the results show that exposure of ESBL-producing E. coli to Zn and Cu reduce horizontal transfer of the blaCMY-2 resistance plasmid by reducing expression of genes involved in conjugation in the plasmid donor strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Linn Buberg
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingun Lund Witsø
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Marie L'Abée-Lund
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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65
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Maus A, Bisha B, Fagerquist C, Basile F. Detection and identification of a protein biomarker in antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli using intact protein LC offline MALDI-MS and MS/MS. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:697-709. [PMID: 31715076 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The identification and differentiation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) profiling remains a challenge due to the difficulty in detecting unique protein biomarkers associated with this trait. To expand the detectable proteome in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we describe a method implementing offline LC protein separation/fractionation prior to MALDI-ToF-MS and top-down MALDI-ToF/ToF-MS (tandem MS or MS/MS) for the analysis of several antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS Coupling offline LC with MALDI-ToF-MS increased the number of detected protein signals in the typically analyzed mass regions (m/z 3000-20 000) by a factor of 13. Using the developed LC-MALDI-ToF-MS protocol in conjunction with supervised principal components analysis, we detected a protein biomarker at m/z 9355 which correlated to β-lactam resistance among the E. coli bacteria tested. Implementing a top-down MALDI-ToF/ToF-MS approach, the prefractionated protein biomarker was inferred as a DNA-binding HU protein, likely translated from the blaCMY-2 gene (encoding AmpC-type β-lactamase) in the incompatibility plasmid complex A/C (IncA/C). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the utility of LC-MALDI-MS and MS/MS to extend the number of proteins detected and perform MALDI-accessible protein biomarker discovery in microorganisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This outcome is significant since it expands the detectable bacterial proteome via MALDI-ToF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - B Bisha
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - C Fagerquist
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, USA
| | - F Basile
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
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66
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Biofilms facilitate cheating and social exploitation of β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2019; 5:36. [PMID: 31814991 PMCID: PMC6884583 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-019-0109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli commonly resist β-lactam antibiotics using plasmid-encoded β-lactamase enzymes. Bacterial strains that express β-lactamases have been found to detoxify liquid cultures and thus to protect genetically susceptible strains, constituting a clear laboratory example of social protection. These results are not necessarily general; on solid media, for instance, the rapid bactericidal action of β-lactams largely prevents social protection. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the greater tolerance of biofilm bacteria for β-lactams would facilitate social interactions. We used a recently isolated E. coli strain, capable of strong biofilm formation, to compare how cooperation and exploitation in colony biofilms and broth culture drives the dynamics of a non-conjugative plasmid encoding a clinically important β-lactamase. Susceptible cells in biofilms were tolerant of ampicillin—high doses and several days of exposure were required to kill them. In support of our hypothesis, we found robust social protection of susceptible E. coli in biofilms, despite fine-scale physical separation of resistant and susceptible cells and lower rates of production of extracellular β-lactamase. In contrast, social interactions in broth were restricted to a relatively narrow range of ampicillin doses. Our results show that β-lactam selection pressure on Gram-negative biofilms leads to cooperative resistance characterized by a low equilibrium frequency of resistance plasmids, sufficient to protect all cells.
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Carson C, Li XZ, Agunos A, Loest D, Chapman B, Finley R, Mehrotra M, Sherk LM, Gaumond R, Irwin R. Ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg of poultry origin - a risk profile using the Codex framework. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147:e296. [PMID: 31679543 PMCID: PMC6836576 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819001778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Codex published the 'Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance' to standardise the approach for evaluating risk posed by foodborne antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. One of the first steps in the guidelines is to compile a risk profile, which provides the current state of knowledge regarding a food safety issue, describes risk management options and recommends next steps. In Canada, ceftiofur/ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg from poultry was identified as an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) food safety issue. The first objective of this article was to contextualise this food safety issue, using the risk profile format of the Codex Guidelines. A second objective was to evaluate the applicability of the Codex Guidelines. This risk profile indicated that ceftiofur/ceftriaxone-resistant S. Heidelberg (CSH) was commonly isolated from poultry and was associated with severe disease in humans. Ceftiofur use in poultry hatcheries temporally mirrored the prevalence of CSH from poultry meat at retail and from people with salmonellosis. The evidence was sufficient to indicate the need for risk management options, such as restricting the use of ceftiofur in poultry. The Codex Guidelines provided a useful approach to summarise data for decision-makers to evaluate an AMR food safety issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolee Carson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daleen Loest
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan Chapman
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Finley
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manisha Mehrotra
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Réjean Gaumond
- Market and Industry Services Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Irwin
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Antonelli P, Belluco S, Mancin M, Losasso C, Ricci A. Genes conferring resistance to critically important antimicrobials in Salmonella enterica isolated from animals and food: A systematic review of the literature, 2013–2017. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Robé C, Blasse A, Merle R, Friese A, Roesler U, Guenther S. Low Dose Colonization of Broiler Chickens With ESBL-/AmpC- Producing Escherichia coli in a Seeder-Bird Model Independent of Antimicrobial Selection Pressure. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2124. [PMID: 31572330 PMCID: PMC6753873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and AmpC beta-lactamase- (AmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a risk for both human and animal health. For livestock, highest prevalences have been reported in broiler chickens, which are therefore considered as a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. The possibility of transfer to humans either by a close contact to colonized broiler flocks or through contaminated retail meat results in the necessity to develop intervention measures for the entire broiler production chain. In this regard, a basic understanding of the colonization process is mandatory including the determination of the minimal bacterial load leading to a persistent colonization of broiler chickens. Therefore, we conducted a bivalent broiler colonization study close to real farming conditions without applying any antimicrobial selection pressure. ESBL- and AmpC- negative broiler chickens (Ross 308) were co- colonized on their third day of life with two strains: one CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli-ST410 and one CMY-2/mcr-1-positive E. coli-ST10. Colonization was assessed by cloacal swabs over the period of the trial, starting 24 h post inoculation. During the final necropsy, the contents of crop, jejunum, cecum, and colon were quantified for the occurrence of both bacterial strains. To define the minimal oral colonization dosage 104 to 101 colony forming units (cfu) were orally inoculated to four separately housed broiler groups (each n = 19, all animals inoculated) and a dosage of already 101 cfu E. coli led to a persistent colonization of all animals of the group after 3 days. To assure stable colonization, however, a dosage of 102 cfu E. coli was chosen for the subsequent seeder-bird trial. In the seeder-bird trial one fifth of the animals (seeder, n = 4) were orally inoculated and kept together with the non-inoculated animals (sentinel, n = 16) to mimic the route of natural infection. After 35 days of trial, all animals were colonized with both E. coli strains. Given the low colonization dosage and the low seeder/sentinel ratio, the rapid spread of ESBL- and AmpC- producing Enterobacteriaceae in conventional broiler farms currently seems inevitably resulting in an urgent need for the development of intervention strategies to reduce colonization of broilers during production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Robé
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Blasse
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Friese
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Koga VL, Maluta RP, da Silveira WD, Ribeiro RA, Hungria M, Vespero EC, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Characterization of CMY-2-type beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from chicken carcasses and human infection in a city of South Brazil. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:174. [PMID: 31362706 PMCID: PMC6664532 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1550-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food-producing animals, mainly poultry, have been associated with the maintenance and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, to humans, thus impacting food safety. Many studies have shown that Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry and humans infections share identical cephalosporin resistance, suggesting that transmission of resistance from poultry meat to humans may occur. The aim of this study was to characterize pAmpC-producing E. coli strains isolated from chicken carcasses and human infection in a restrict area and to determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and molecular type by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS A total of 14 pAmpC-producing E. coli strains were isolated, including eight strains from chicken carcasses and six strains from human infections (from urine, tissue and secretion). The blaCMY-2 gene was identified in all pAmpC-producing E. coli strains by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. High percentages of strains resistant to tetracycline, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78-92%) were detected, all of which were considered multidrug-resistant. Among the non-beta-lactam resistance genes, the majority of the strains showed tetA, tetB, sulI and sulII. No strain was considered an extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producer, and the blaTEM-1 gene was found in 2 strains isolated from human infection. Six strains from chicken carcasses and four strains from humans infections were linked to an ISEcp1-like element. Through MLST, 11 sequence types were found. Three strains isolated from human infection and one strain isolated from chicken carcasses belonged to the same sequence type (ST354). However, considerable heterogeneity between the strains from chicken carcasses and humans was confirmed by PFGE analysis. CONCLUSION This study showed the prevalence of E. coli strains producing blaCMY-2 linked to ISEcp1 that were present in both chickens and humans in a restricted area. Our results also suggest the presence of a highly diverse strains that harbor pAmpC, indicating no clonal dissemination. Therefore, continuous monitoring and comparative analyses of resistant bacteria from humans and food-producing animals are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L Koga
- Basic and Applied Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renato P Maluta
- Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wanderley D da Silveira
- Bacterial Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renan A Ribeiro
- Soil Biotechnology Laboratory, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Hungria
- Soil Biotechnology Laboratory, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliana C Vespero
- Department of Pathology and Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Basic and Applied Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata K T Kobayashi
- Basic and Applied Bacteriology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.
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Umair M, Mohsin M, Ali Q, Qamar MU, Raza S, Ali A, Guenther S, Schierack P. Prevalence and Genetic Relatedness of Extended Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Among Humans, Cattle, and Poultry in Pakistan. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1374-1381. [PMID: 31268408 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and genetic relatedness of blaCTX-M-type extended spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli at the human-animal interface in Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 human, cattle, and poultry fecal samples (50 each) were screened for ESBL-producing E. coli using ESBL CHROMagar®. Bacterial species confirmation as well as determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations (μg/mL) to different antibiotics was performed using the automated VITEK®-2 compact system. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production was performed according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Genetic analysis of blaCTX-M was carried out by PCR and DNA sequencing. Plasmids and clonal similarity of the E. coli strains were determined by PCR-based replicon typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), respectively. Results: Of 150 samples, 29 (19.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli were recovered, and majority of them originated from human (n = 16; 55%), followed by cattle (n = 9; 31%) and poultry (n = 4; 13.7%). blaCTX-M-15 was predominant ESBL genotype (n = 25; 86.2%), mainly identified from human (n = 15) and cattle (n = 9). This is also the first report of the occurrence of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-55 in cattle and poultry E. coli isolates of Pakistan, respectively. The majority of the ESBL-producing E. coli (96.5%) showed a multidrug resistance phenotype. All isolates carried IncFII or IncFIA plasmids, and the phylogroup B1 was dominant (44.8%) followed by phylogroups A (31%), D (17.2%), and B2 (6.8%). PFGE revealed that isolates from different hosts were genetically unrelated. Conclusion: Presence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in different reservoirs is alarming and has the potential to impact both veterinary and human therapeutic treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Qamar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Raza
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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72
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Bitrus AA, Mshelia PA, Kwoji ID, Goni MD, Jajere SM. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and ampicillin Class C beta lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from food animals: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2019.65-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has gained global notoriety due to its public health concern, the emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of new antimicrobials. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/ampicillin Class C (AmpC)- producing Escherichia coli and other zoonotic pathogens can be transmitted to humans from animals either through the food chain, direct contact or contamination of shared environments. There is a surge in the rate of resistance to medically important antibiotics such as carbapenem, ESBL, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones among bacteria of zoonotic importance. Factors that may facilitate the occurrence, persistence and dissemination of ESBL/AmpC-Producing E. coli in humans and animal includes; 1). o ral administration of antimicrobials to humans primarily (by physician and health care providers) and secondarily to animals, 2). importation of parent stock and day-old chickens, 3). farm management practice and lack of water acidification in poultry, 4). contamination of feed, water and environment, 5). contamination of plants with feces of animals. Understanding these key factors will help reduce the level of resistance, thereby boosting the therapeutic effectiveness of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of animal and human infections. This review highlights the occurrence, risk factors, and public health importance of ESBL/AmpC-beta-lactamase producing E. coli isolated from livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, P.M. B 2084 Jos, Plateau, Nigeria
| | - Peter Anjili Mshelia
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Iliya Dauda Kwoji
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Dauda Goni
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Saleh Mohammed Jajere
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Effect of Cessation of Ceftiofur and Substitution with Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase/AmpC Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Canadian Broiler Production Pyramid. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00037-19. [PMID: 31028030 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00037-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin antimicrobial, was used in Canadian hatcheries for many years to prevent early mortality in chicks, leading to a high prevalence of cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli in chickens. Preventive use of ceftiofur in hatcheries ceased in 2014. We examined the effect of ceftiofur cessation (n = 40 flocks with ceftiofur and n = 28 flocks without antimicrobial at hatchery) and its replacement with an antimicrobial combination, lincomycin-spectinomycin (n = 32), at the hatchery on the proportion of samples with E. coli positive for extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase-related genes, and on the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL/AmpC-positive E. coli in broilers and their associated breeders (n = 46 samples), at 1 year postcessation. For indicator E. coli from nonenriched media, a significant decrease postcessation in the proportion of samples harboring E. coli isolates positive for bla CMY-2 and/or bla CTX-M was observed. In contrast, following enrichment in medium containing ceftriaxone (1 mg/liter) to facilitate recovery of ESBL/AmpC β-lactamase-producing E. coli colonies, both pre- and postcessation, 99% of the samples harbored E. coli positive for bla CMY-2 or bla CTX-M Among the 15 tested antimicrobial agents, flocks receiving lincomycin-spectinomycin after cessation of ceftiofur showed a significantly greater nonsusceptibility to aminoglycosides, folate inhibitors, phenicols, and tetracyclines and a greater proportion of possible extensively drug-resistant E. coli than those receiving ceftiofur or no antimicrobial at hatchery. This study clearly demonstrates an initial decrease in ESBL/AmpC-positive E. coli following the cessation of ceftiofur in the hatchery but an increase in antimicrobial non-β-lactam resistance of ESBL/AmpC-positive E. coli following replacement with lincomycin-spectinomycin.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The antimicrobial ceftiofur has been used worldwide for disease prevention in poultry production, resulting in a greatly increased resistance to this antimicrobial important in poultry and human medicine. Our study examined the impact of ceftiofur cessation and its replacement with the antimicrobial combination lincomycin-spectinomycin, a common practice in the industry. Our study demonstrated a decrease in ceftiofur resistance after the cessation of ceftiofur use, although the resistance genes remain ubiquitous in all phases of poultry production, showing that poultry remains a reservoir for ceftiofur resistance and requiring continued vigilance. We also observed a decrease in multidrug resistance involving different antimicrobial classes after cessation of ceftiofur but an increase following use of lincomycin-spectinomycin, indicating that this antimicrobial use should be questioned. Reduced resistance to ceftiofur in poultry may translate to better treatment efficacy, decreased morbidity/mortality, and enhanced food safety for humans.
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74
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Donà V, Scheidegger M, Pires J, Furrer H, Atkinson A, Babouee Flury B. Gradual in vitro Evolution of Cefepime Resistance in an ST131 Escherichia coli Strain Expressing a Plasmid-Encoded CMY-2 β-Lactamase. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1311. [PMID: 31244817 PMCID: PMC6581752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous report, a clinical ST131 Escherichia coli isolate (Ec-1),producing a plasmid-encoded AmpC β-lactamase CMY-2, evolved in vivo under cefepime (FEP) treatment to the FEP-resistant Ec-2 strain expressing an extended-spectrum β-lactamase CMY-33. To compare factors responsible for in vitro and in vivo FEP resistance, we reproduced in vitro FEP resistance evolution in Ec-1. Methods FEP-resistant mutants were generated by subjecting Ec-1 (FEP MIC = 0.125 mg/L) to sub-inhibitory concentrations of FEP. MICs were obtained by broth microdilution or Etest. Strains were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq platform. Transcriptional levels and plasmid copy numbers were determined by real-time PCR. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were extracted and separated by SDS-PAGE. Growth kinetics was evaluated by measuring OD450. Results The CMY-2 expressed by Ec-1 evolved to a CMY-69 (strain EC-4) by an Ala294Pro substitution after 24 passages. After 30 passages, the FEP MIC increased to 256 mg/L (strain EC-32). SDS PAGE did not reveal any lack of OMPs in the mutant strains. However, blaCMY transcription levels were up to 14-times higher than in Ec-1, which was partially explained by mutations in the upstream region of repA resulting in a higher copy number of the blaCMY-harboring IncI1 plasmid. All mutants showed a slight growth defect but no significant difference in relative growth rates compared to Ec-1. Conclusion In vitro sub-inhibitory concentrations of FEP resulted in the selection of resistance mutations altering the H-10 helix of the CMY-2 and increasing the plasmid copy number. Appropriate dosing strategies may help preventing resistance evolution during treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Donà
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - João Pires
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hansjakob Furrer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Baharak Babouee Flury
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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75
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Penha Filho RAC, Ferreira JC, Kanashiro AMI, Berchieri Junior A, Darini ALDC. Emergent multidrug-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry in Brazil coharboring bla CTX-M-2 and qnrB or bla CMY-2 in large plasmids. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 95:93-98. [PMID: 31221507 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The number of foodborne gastroenteritis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) worldwide is estimated to be 80.3 million each year. Currently, antimicrobial-resistant NTS disseminated in the animal environment increases the risk of aggravated foodborne outbreaks. Poultry are important source of foodborne NTS infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 83 NTS isolates from poultry, classified within 36 different serovars. The most prevalent serovar was S. Schwarzengrund (10/83), from which 8/10 were multidrug resistant (MDR). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a total of 18 MDR isolates, from which 8/18 coharbored blaCTX-M-2 and qnrB5. The genes qnrB5, blaCTX-M-2, qnrB2, or blaCMY-2 were also found alone in other MDR isolates. All resistance genes were harbored in large plasmids, ranging from 30 to 270 kb. The pColE replicon was present in 8 MDR isolates; however it was not associated with resistance. ISCR1 and class I integron structures were always associated with blaCTX-M-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseane Cristina Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, 14040-903
| | | | - Angelo Berchieri Junior
- School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, 14884-900
| | - Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, 14040-903
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76
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Davies R, Wales A. Antimicrobial Resistance on Farms: A Review Including Biosecurity and the Potential Role of Disinfectants in Resistance Selection. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:753-774. [PMID: 33336931 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial agents is recognized as a growing problem for both human and veterinary medicine, and the need to address the issue in both of these linked domains is a current priority in public policy. Efforts to limit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on farms have so far focused on control of the supply and use of antimicrobial drugs, plus husbandry measures to reduce infectious disease. In the United Kingdom and some other countries, substantial progress has been made recently against targets on agricultural antimicrobial drug use. However, evidence suggests that resistant pathogenic and commensal bacteria can persist and spread within and between premises despite declining or zero antimicrobial drug use. Reasons for this are likely complex and varied but may include: bacterial adaptations to ameliorate fitness costs associated with maintenance and replication of resistance genes and associated proteins, horizontal transmission of genetic resistance determinants between bacteria, physical transfer of bacteria via movement (of animals, workers, and equipment), ineffective cleaning and disinfection, and co-selection of resistance to certain drugs by use of other antimicrobials, heavy metals, or biocides. Areas of particular concern for public health include extended-spectrum cephalosporinases and fluoroquinolone resistance among Enterobacteriaceae, livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and the emergence of transmissible colistin resistance. Aspects of biosecurity have repeatedly been identified as risk factors for the presence of AMR on farm premises, but there are large gaps in our understanding of the most important risk factors and the most effective interventions. The present review aims to summarize the present state of knowledge in this area, from a European perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Davies
- Bacteriology and Food Safety Dept., Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Andrew Wales
- Pathology and Infectious Diseases Dept., School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Rd., Univ. of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7AL, UK
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77
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Heuvelink AE, Gonggrijp MA, Buter RGJ, Ter Bogt-Kappert CC, van Schaik G, Velthuis AGJ, Lam TJGM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:58-64. [PMID: 31030845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess: (1) a change in between-herd prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) between 2011 and 2013, the period during which the antimicrobial policy in animal husbandry in the Netherlands changed significantly, and (2) the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in individual calves, young stock, and dairy cows in the Netherlands. In 196 randomly selected conventional dairy herds, faecal samples were collected from calves (maximum n = 15), and randomly selected young stock (n = 5) and dairy cows (n = 15). Additionally, fresh faecal samples were collected from five different places on the floors where the dairy cows were housed. Samples were screened for E. coli with non-wild type susceptibility for cefotaxime and isolates were phenotypically confirmed as ESBL/AmpC-producing by disc diffusion, using cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanic acid, and cefoxitin. Samples containing ESBL/AmpC-EC were examined semi-quantitatively. In 59.6% of the dairy herds one or more samples tested positive for ESBL/AmpC-EC. The between-herd prevalence based on floor samples in 2013 (18.0%) was significantly lower than the prevalence in 2011 based on comparable samples (32.7%). The individual animal prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC, with a minimum shedding level of 103 cfu/g of faeces, was 19.3% in calves, 0.9% in young stock, and 0.8% in dairy cows. Although ESBL/AmpC-EC was found in the majority of dairy herds, the herd prevalence declined significantly between 2011 and 2013. Calves were found to have both, a much higher individual animal prevalence and a higher level of shedding than young stock and cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annet E Heuvelink
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Rianne G J Buter
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gerdien van Schaik
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80151, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Theo J G M Lam
- GD Animal Health, Arnsbergstraat 7, 7418 EZ, Deventer, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80151, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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78
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Jeon HY, Seo KW, Kim YB, Kim DK, Kim SW, Lee YJ. Characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella from retail chicken meat produced by integrated broiler operations. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1766-1774. [PMID: 30535173 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated broiler operations, which control and operate vertically through all phases of the chicken industry, have applied biosecurity and sanitation practices, housing technologies, feeding regimens, and antibiotic applications in different ways to improve food safety. The objective of this study was to compare the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates recovered from 6 different integrated broiler operations and to analyze the characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (pAmpC)-producing Salmonella isolates. Among 336 chicken meat samples, 57 were observed to be positive for Salmonella. However, the prevalence varied from 6.8% to 45.8% in chicken meat, indicating variations in Salmonella occurrence among the operations. Salmonella Albany was the dominant serovar, followed by Salmonella Virchow. In the antimicrobial resistance test, nalidixic acid-resistant isolates were the most prevalent (73.7%), followed by isolates resistant to ampicillin (49.1%) and tetracycline (42.1%). Among 14 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates, 9 (64.3%) ESBL/pAmpC-producing isolates were only obtained from 2 operations: blaCTX-M-15 (n = 7) and blaCTX-M-79 (n = 1) for ESBL genes and blaCMY-2 (n = 1) for pAmpC. All ESBL/pAmpC-positive isolates exhibited high minimum inhibitory concentrations (≥128 μg/mL) of most cephalosporins and showed multidrug resistance. The transfer of ESBL/pAmpC genes was confirmed in transconjugants, which had the same genes and similar resistance patterns as those of the donor. Our findings suggest that Salmonella with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins can now be found in association with integrated broiler operations, providing data to support the development of monitoring and prevention programs for the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance in integrated broiler operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Jeon
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Woo Kim
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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79
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Yang F, Zhang K, Zhi S, Li J, Tian X, Gu Y, Zhou J. High prevalence and dissemination of β-lactamase genes in swine farms in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:2507-2513. [PMID: 30336440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactamase (extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC/carbapenemase)-encoding genes, primarily discovered in clinical settings, are increasingly recovering from the environment, thus posing potential threats to public health. This paper addresses the occurrence of high-risk β-lactamase genes (bla genes) in Chinese swine farm and its surrounding farmland, and investigated their seasonal variation and fate in piggery wastewater treatment system (PWWTS) using real-time quantitative PCR. It is observed that blaTEM-1, blaGES-1,blaOXA-1 and blaAmpC were the dominant bla genes in swine farms, which were present in all pig feces, and prevailed through each treatment stage of PWWTSs. Furthermore, bla genes were more abundant in winter than that in summer, with 0.01-1.65 logs variation in swine wastewater. Troublesomely, significant bla gene levels were still discharged via the final effluents (up to 106 copies/mL) into farmland, resulting in the increase of bla gene abundance in soil (approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude). The discharge of bla genes in wastewater from swine farm highlights the need to mitigate the persistence and spreading of these elevated bla genes in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Suli Zhi
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Yanru Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150036, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin 150036, China
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80
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Ferreira JC, Penha Filho RAC, Andrade LN, Darini ALC. Evaluation of heavy metal tolerance genes in plasmids harbored in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in Brazil. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 94:314-315. [PMID: 30871742 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of bacteria tolerant to heavy metal ions used in disinfectants have become a new threat to antimicrobial therapies. In this study, metal tolerance genes were analyzed in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae isolated from chickens in Brazil. Different tolerance genes were found disseminated among the MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Cristina Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto-University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Neves Andrade
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto-University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Costa Darini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto-University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil.
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81
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Abstract
Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has become a worrying issue that is increasingly observed in human but also in veterinary medicine worldwide. E. coli is intrinsically susceptible to almost all clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, but this bacterial species has a great capacity to accumulate resistance genes, mostly through horizontal gene transfer. The most problematic mechanisms in E. coli correspond to the acquisition of genes coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (conferring resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins), carbapenemases (conferring resistance to carbapenems), 16S rRNA methylases (conferring pan-resistance to aminoglycosides), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes (conferring resistance to [fluoro]quinolones), and mcr genes (conferring resistance to polymyxins). Although the spread of carbapenemase genes has been mainly recognized in the human sector but poorly recognized in animals, colistin resistance in E. coli seems rather to be related to the use of colistin in veterinary medicine on a global scale. For the other resistance traits, their cross-transfer between the human and animal sectors still remains controversial even though genomic investigations indicate that extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers encountered in animals are distinct from those affecting humans. In addition, E. coli of animal origin often also show resistances to other-mostly older-antimicrobial agents, including tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fosfomycin. Plasmids, especially multiresistance plasmids, but also other mobile genetic elements, such as transposons and gene cassettes in class 1 and class 2 integrons, seem to play a major role in the dissemination of resistance genes. Of note, coselection and persistence of resistances to critically important antimicrobial agents in human medicine also occurs through the massive use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine, such as tetracyclines or sulfonamides, as long as all those determinants are located on the same genetic elements.
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82
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Aasmäe B, Häkkinen L, Kaart T, Kalmus P. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from Estonian cattle and swine from 2010 to 2015. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:5. [PMID: 30665443 PMCID: PMC6341677 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0441-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. in food-producing animals has increased worldwide. The objective of the study was to investigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolated from healthy and diseased swine and cattle in Estonia. Clinical specimen and faecal samples were collected during 2010 to 2015. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the microdilution method. RESULTS The most prevalent resistance of E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine was observed against streptomycin (39.2%), tetracycline (32.5%) and sulfamethoxazole (30.0%), whereas in clinically healthy cattle, the resistance was the highest against aminoglycosides (7.0-8.8%) and tetracycline (7.0%). The E. coli isolates from clinically healthy swine showed significantly higher multidrug-resistance compared to isolates originated from clinically healthy cattle. E. coli isolates from diseased swine showed highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (68.6%), tetracycline (60.2%) and streptomycin (54.6%). The proportion of resistant E. coli isolates from diseased cattle (clinical submissions) was highest to streptomycin (63.5%), sulfamethoxazole (60.3%) and tetracycline (58.8%). The proportion of multidrug-resistant isolates did not differ significantly between animal species. Among E. coli isolates, four strains representing AmpC phenotypes were found. One plasmid-encoded AmpC type β-lactamases producing E. coli from clinically healthy cattle was found to harbour the blaCMY-1 gene, and another from clinically healthy swine carried the blaCMY-2 gene. Among nine E. coli strains exhibiting an ESBL phenotype three strains was found to be the same genotype blaTEM-52C. Enterococci from healthy swine and cattle showed high resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin. Regarding enterococci, the number of multidrug-resistant strains was significantly higher in swine isolates compared to isolates originated from cattle. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates was high in both Estonian swine and cattle. However, swine isolates, especially E. coli from healthy swine, had developed a higher level of resistance. The amount of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates was also significantly higher in clinically healthy swine compared to that in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Aasmäe
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liidia Häkkinen
- Department of Bacteriology-Pathology, Estonian Veterinary and Food Laboratory, Kreutzwaldi 30, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tanel Kaart
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piret Kalmus
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, Estonia
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83
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Abstract
While antimicrobial resistance is already a public health crisis in human medicine, therapeutic failure in veterinary medicine due to antimicrobial resistance remains relatively uncommon. However, there are many pathways by which antimicrobial resistance determinants can travel between animals and humans: by close contact, through the food chain, or indirectly via the environment. Antimicrobial stewardship describes measures that can help mitigate the public health crisis and preserve the effectiveness of available antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial stewardship programs have been principally developed, implemented, and studied in human hospitals but are beginning to be adapted for other applications in human medicine. Key learning from the experiences of antimicrobial stewardship programs in human medicine are summarized in this article-guiding the development of a stewardship framework suitable for adaptation and use in both companion animal and livestock practice. The antimicrobial stewardship program for veterinary use integrates infection prevention and control together with approaches emphasizing avoidance of antimicrobial agents. The 5R framework of continuous improvement that is described recognizes the importance of executive support; highly motivated organizations and teams (responsibility); the need to review the starting position, set objectives, and determine means of measuring progress and success; and a critical focus on reducing, replacing, and refining the use of antimicrobial agents. Significant issues that are currently the focus of intensive research include improved detection and diagnosis of infections, refined dosing regimens that are simultaneously effective while not selecting resistance, searches for alternatives to antimicrobial agents, and development of improved vaccines to enhance immunity and reduce disease.
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84
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Royden A, Ormandy E, Pinchbeck G, Pascoe B, Hitchings MD, Sheppard SK, Williams NJ. Prevalence of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000307. [PMID: 30687506 PMCID: PMC6327872 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2018-000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria causing clinical infections are often also multidrug-resistant (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial drug classes), therefore treatment options may be limited. High carriage rates of these potentially zoonotic bacteria have been found in livestock and companion animals. Therefore, people working in veterinary hospitals may be a high-risk population for carriage. This is the first study to determine the prevalence and longitudinal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) and ESBL-producing faecal Escherichia coli in veterinary hospital staff and students. Prevalence of faecal AMR and ESBL-producing E coli was determined in 84 staff members and students in three UK veterinary hospitals. Twenty-seven participants were followed for six weeks to investigate longitudinal carriage. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic ESBL production were determined and selected isolates were whole genome sequenced. ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from five participants (5.95 per cent; 95 per cent CI 0.89 to 11.0 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli resistant to all antimicrobials tested. Carriage of MDR E coli was common (32.1 per cent; 95per cent CI 22.2 to 42.1 per cent) and there was a high prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance (11.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 4.98 to 18.8 per cent). ESBL-producing E coli were isolated from seven longitudinal participants (25.9 per cent; 95 per cent CI 9.40 to 42.5 per cent); two participants carried ESBL-producing E coli for the entire study period. Twenty-six participants (96.3 per cent; 95 per cent CI 89.2 to 100) carried ≥1 MDR E coli isolate during the six-week period, with seven participants (25.9 per cent) carrying ≥1 MDR isolate for at least five out of six weeks. The prevalence of faecal ESBL-producing E coli in cross-sectional participants is similar to asymptomatic general populations. However, much higher levels of carriage were observed longitudinally in participants. It is vital that veterinary hospitals implement gold-standard biosecurity to prevent transmission of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria between patients and staff. Healthcare providers should be made aware that people working in veterinary hospitals are a high-risk population for carriage of MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria, and that this poses a risk to the carrier and for transmission of resistance throughout the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Royden
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emma Ormandy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gina Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ben Pascoe
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Samuel K Sheppard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,MRC CLIMB Consortium, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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85
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Marotta SM, Giarratana F, Calvagna A, Ziino G, Giuffrida A, Panebianco A. Study on microbial communities in domestic kitchen sponges: Evidence of Cronobacter sakazakii and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria. Ital J Food Saf 2018; 7:7672. [PMID: 30854338 PMCID: PMC6379783 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2018.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic environment, in particular, kitchen setting is a well-established source of microbial contamination. Kitchen sponges represent an important vehicle of microbial transmission and maintenance of spoilage bacteria and pathogenic strains responsible for food borne diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial communities of 100 'in-use' kitchen sponges, improving the knowledge on their role in cross-contamination in domestic environment and transmission of ESBLproducing strains. Sponges were processed for: aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB), Enterobacteriaceae (EB), yeasts and molds (YM), coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS), micrococci (MCC), anaerobic sulfite reducing bacteria (ASR), and for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica. A total of 309 enterobacteria strains were identified and then processed for ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase) phenotypical expression. A high contamination level of kitchen sponges was observed (mean value AMB 8.25±1.1; EB 5.89±1.2; YM 5.57±1.1; MCC 4.82±0.1 log CFU/g). Identified enterobacteria strains revealed several opportunistic and pathogenic agents such as Enterobacter cloacae (28%), Citrobacter freundii (23.3%), Cronobacter sakazakii (14.6%) and other strains in lower percentage. Listeria monocytogenes was found in only one sponge (1%). A total of 69 (22.3%) enterobacteria resulted ESBL+, with the following prevalence: P. rettgeri (50%), L. adenocarboxilata (30%), K. pneumoniae (25%), K. oxytoca (25%), C. sakazakii (20%), E. cloacae (20.7%), C. freundii (20.1%). Results confirm the potential role of kitchen sponges as vehicle for food-borne pathogens such as, C. sakazakii for the first time, infectious agents and spoilage microorganisms. The observed high contamination level and the presence of several ESBLs opportunistic pathogens, stresses the necessity to improve a proper education of the consumers on the effective treatment to reduce their microbial loads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Graziella Ziino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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86
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Carattoli A, Villa L, Fortini D, García-Fernández A. Contemporary IncI1 plasmids involved in the transmission and spread of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Plasmid 2018; 118:102392. [PMID: 30529488 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
IncI1 has become one of the most common plasmid families in contemporary Enterobacteriaceae from both human and animal sources. In clinical epidemiology, this plasmid type ranks first as the confirmed vehicle of transmission of extended spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid AmpC genes in isolates from food-producing animals. In this review, we describe the epidemiology and evolution of IncI1 plasmids and closely related IncIγ plasmids. We highlight the emergence of epidemic plasmids circulating among different bacterial hosts in geographically distant countries, and we address the phylogeny of the IncI1 and IncIγ family based on plasmid Multilocus Sequence Typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carattoli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fortini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora García-Fernández
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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87
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Zhang X, Zhang B, Guo Y, Wang J, Zhao P, Liu J, He K. Colistin resistance prevalence in Escherichia coli from domestic animals in intensive breeding farms of Jiangsu Province. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 291:87-90. [PMID: 30476737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The global dissemination of colistin resistance has received a great deal of attention. Recently, the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance encoded by mcr genes in Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from animals, food, and patients in China has been reported frequently. To investigate the colistin resistance and mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes spread in domestic animals in Jiangsu Province, we collected fecael swabs from pigs, chicken and cattle at different ages distributed in intensive feeding farms. The selective chromogenic agar and mcr-PCR were used to screen the colistin resistance and mcr gene carriage. Colistin resistant E. coli colonies were identified in 54.25% (440/811), 35.96% (443/1232), and 26.92% (42/156) faecal swabs from pigs, chickens, and cattle, respectively. The prevalence of mcr-1 in colistin resistant E. coli isolates from pigs, chickens and cattle was 68.86% (303/440), 87.58% (388/443), and 71.43% (30/42), respectively, compared to mcr-2 which was present in 46.82% (206/440), 14.90% (66/443), and 19.05% (8/42) of the colistin-resistant E. coli isolated from pigs, chickens and cattle, respectively. Co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 was identified in 20% (88/440) in pigs, 7.22% (32/443) in chickens, and 9.52% (4/42) in cattle. Interventions and alternative options are necessary to minimise further dissemination of mcr between food-producing animals and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
| | - B Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Y Guo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - J Wang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - P Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - J Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - K He
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Engineering Research of Veterinary Bio-products of Agricultural Ministry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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88
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Collis RM, Burgess SA, Biggs PJ, Midwinter AC, French NP, Toombs-Ruane L, Cookson AL. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Dairy Farm Environments: A New Zealand Perspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:5-22. [PMID: 30418042 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue for both human and animal health. Infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria present treatment option challenges and are often associated with heightened severity of infection. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in human and animal health is a main driver for the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Increasing levels of AMU and the development and spread of AMR in food-producing animals, especially in poultry and swine production, has been identified as a food safety risk, but dairy production systems have been less studied. A number of farm management practices may impact on animal disease and as a result can influence the use of antimicrobials and subsequently AMR prevalence. However, this relationship is multifactorial and complex. Several AMR transmission pathways between dairy cattle, the environment, and humans have been proposed, including contact with manure-contaminated pastures, direct contact, or through the food chain from contaminated animal-derived products. The World Health Organization has defined a priority list for selected bacterial pathogens of concern to human health according to 10 criteria relating to health and AMR. This list includes human pathogens such as the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), which can be associated with dairy cattle, their environment, as well as animal-derived food products. ESBL-E represent a potential risk to human and animal health and an emerging food safety concern. This review addresses two areas; first, the current understanding of the role of dairy farming in the prevalence and spread of AMR is considered, highlighting research gaps using ESBL-E as an exemplar; and second, a New Zealand perspective is taken to examine how farm management practices may contribute to on-farm AMU and AMR in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Collis
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sara A Burgess
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick J Biggs
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,3 Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Midwinter
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P French
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,4 New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Leah Toombs-Ruane
- 2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- 1 AgResearch Ltd, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,2 Molecular Epidemiology and Veterinary Public Health Laboratory (mEpiLab), Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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89
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Terentjeva M, Streikiša M, Avsejenko J, Trofimova J, Kovaļenko K, Elferts D, Bērziņš A. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 16:35-41. [PMID: 30403535 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators and major foodborne pathogens in feces of calves and to identify the factors associated with increased prevalence of resistant bacteria on farms. Altogether, 180 rectal swabs were collected from 18 farms in Latvia. Samples were investigated to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% (74/110) of commensal E. coli, 100% (78/78) Enterococcus faecalis and 96% (22/23) Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at least to one antibiotic. The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)/AmpC-producing E. coli were 11.1% (20/180) with blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaCMY genes identified. Campylobacter jejuni (12.8%, 23/180) and Campylobacter coli (2.8%, 5/180) were the most resistant to tetracycline (61%, 14/23; 100%, 5/5) and fluoroquinolones (61%, 14/23; 100%, 5/5). Prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 0.6% (1/180) and S. aureus 1.7% (3/180). All samples were Salmonella and Y. enterocolitica negative. Farm size, bought calves, contact with other calves, and antimicrobial treatment of cows were associated with increased prevalence of resistant E. coli and Enterococcus spp. Despite the low overall usage of antimicrobials in Latvia, the high rates of antimicrobial resistance in fecal indicators and Campylobacter, in addition to the high prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, highlights the necessity for the prudent use of antimicrobials in dairy farms in Latvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Terentjeva
- 1 Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Madara Streikiša
- 2 Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jeļena Avsejenko
- 2 Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jūlija Trofimova
- 2 Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kaspars Kovaļenko
- 1 Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Didzis Elferts
- 3 Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Aivars Bērziņš
- 1 Institute of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia.,2 Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment BIOR, Riga, Latvia
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90
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Pig farm environment as a source of beta-lactamase or AmpC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. ANN MICROBIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-018-1387-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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91
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Son HM, Duc HM, Masuda Y, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Application of bacteriophages in simultaneously controlling Escherichia coli O157:H7 and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:10259-10271. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9399-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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92
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Madec JY, Haenni M. Antimicrobial resistance plasmid reservoir in food and food-producing animals. Plasmid 2018; 99:72-81. [PMID: 30194944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plasmids have been recognized as important vectors for efficient spread of AMR phenotypes. The food reservoir includes both food-producing animals and food products, and a huge diversity of AMR plasmids have been reported in this sector. Based on molecular typing methods and/or whole genome sequencing approaches, certain AMR genes/plasmids combinations were found more frequently in food compared to other settings. However, the food source of a definite AMR plasmid is highly complex to confirm due to cross-sectorial transfers and international spread of AMR plasmids. For risk assessment purposes related to human health, AMR plasmids found in food and bearing genes conferring resistances to critically important antibiotics in human medicine - such as to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems or colistin - have been under specific scrutiny these last years. Those plasmids are often multidrug resistant and their dissemination can be driven by the selective pressure exerted by any of the antibiotics concerned. Also, AMR plasmids carry numerous other genes conferring vital properties to the bacterial cell and are recurrently subjected to evolutionary steps such as hybrid plasmids, making the epidemiology of AMR plasmids in food a moving picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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93
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Liu X, Liu H, Wang L, Peng Q, Li Y, Zhou H, Li Q. Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli From Swine in Northwest China. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1756. [PMID: 30123199 PMCID: PMC6085443 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli collected from pig farms in Northwest China. Methods: Between May 2015 and June 2017, a total of 456 E. coli isolates were collected from fecal samples of healthy and diarrheal pigs in Northwest China to screen the ESBL producers. The β-lactamases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and virulence genes among ESBL producers were corroborated by PCR and sequencing. Finally, ESBL producers were further grouped according to phylogenetic background and genetic relatedness. Results: Forty-four (9.6%) out of the 456 E. coli isolates were identified as ESBL-producing isolates. All ESBL producers exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, and more than 90% of the ESBL producers were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. All ESBL producers harbored at least one type of β-lactamase, with blaCTX−M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA−48, and blaKPC−2 being detected in forty, thirty, seven, four, two and one isolates, respectively. Sequencing revealed the most common blaCTX−M subtype was blaCTX−M−14 (n = 24), followed by blaCTX−M−15 (n = 14), blaCTX−M−64 (n = 11), blaCTX−M−9 (n = 10) and blaCTX−M−123 (n = 9). qnrS (n = 23) was the predominant PMQR gene, and all PMQR genes were detected in co-existence with β-lactamase genes. estA (n = 18) and F4 (n = 18) were the most prevalent enterotoxin and fimbrial adhesin, respectively, and 27 different virotypes were found with respect to the association of enterotoxins and fimbrial adhesins. Twenty-four different sequence types (STs) were identified among 44 ESBL producers, and clones ST405, ST10 and ST648 were strongly present in more than one-third (34.1%) of ESBL producers. Conclusion: All ESBL-producing E. coli isolates exhibited MDR phenotype, and showed high prevalence of β-lactamase and PMQR genes. Especially, one isolate harbored ESBL genes blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX−M−9, blaCTX−M−14, blaCTX−M−64, and carbapenemase gene blaOXA−48 and blaKPC−2, as well as PMQR genes qnrS, qnrB, qnrD, qepA and aac(6')-Ib-cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yinqian Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongchao Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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94
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Chan HL, Lyu L, Aw J, Zhang W, Li J, Yang HH, Hayashi H, Chiba S, Xing B. Unique Fluorescent Imaging Probe for Bacterial Surface Localization and Resistant Enzyme Imaging. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1890-1896. [PMID: 29595947 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of antibiotic bacterial resistance has caused serious clinical issues worldwide due to increasingly difficult treatment. Development of a specific approach for selective visualization of resistant bacteria will be highly significant for clinical investigations to promote timely diagnosis and treatment of bacterial infections. In this article, we present an effective method that not only is able to selectively recognize drug resistant AmpC β-lactamases enzyme but, more importantly, is able to interact with bacterial cell wall components, resulting in a desired localization effect on the bacterial surface. A unique and specific enzyme-responsive cephalosporin probe (DFD-1) has been developed for the selective recognition of resistance bacteria AmpC β-lactamase, by employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer with an "off-on" bioimaging. To achieve the desired localization, a lipid-azide conjugate (LA-12) was utilized to facilitate its penetration into the bacterial surface, followed by copper-free click chemistry. This enables the probe DFD-1 to be anchored onto the cell surface. In the presence of AmpC enzymes, the cephalosporin β-lactam ring on DFD-1 will be hydrolyzed, leading to the quencher release, thus generating fluorescence for real-time resistant bacterial screening. More importantly, the bulky dibenzocyclooctyne group in DFD-1 allowed selective recognition toward the AmpC bacterial enzyme instead of its counterpart ( e.g., TEM-1 β-lactamase). Both live cell imaging and cell cytometry assays showed the great selectivity of DFD-1 to drug resistant bacterial pathogens containing the AmpC enzyme with significant fluorescence enhancement (∼67-fold). This probe presented promising capability to selectively localize and screen for AmpC resistance bacteria, providing great promise for clinical microbiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Linna Lyu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Junxin Aw
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Huang-Hao Yang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Hirohito Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Bengang Xing
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
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95
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Diversity of CTX-M-1-producing E. coli from German food samples and genetic diversity of the bla CTX-M-1 region on IncI1 ST3 plasmids. Vet Microbiol 2018; 221:98-104. [PMID: 29981716 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance to cephalosporins is commonly mediated by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) or plasmidic AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC). In livestock blaCTX-M-1 is the most frequently detected ESBL-encoding gene. As transmission to consumers through contaminated food is often proposed, this study characterized ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli collected from food samples. Therefore, samples from food products of animal origin and vegetables were screened for phenotypically resistant E. coli by selective cultivation. The ESBL genotype was confirmed for 404 isolates with the majority of them (n = 212) harboring the blaCTX-M-1 gene. PFGE and MLST analyses as well as plasmid characterization were carried out for 89 isolates, selected under epidemiological aspects. In addition, 44 isolates were investigated by whole genome sequencing and/or sequencing of their plasmids on an Illumina Miseq platform. MLST and PFGE indicated a diverse population of CTX-M-1-producing E. coli in German food samples with no spread of single clonal lineages. The majority of the isolates harbored the blaCTX-M-1 gene on IncI1 plasmids. Frequently, the gene was associated with the ISEcp1 element and located on a ∼100 kb IncI1 plasmid depicting the plasmid multilocus sequence type (ST) 3. The blaCTX-M-1 gene and its flanking sequences were located within the shufflon of the type IV pilus region in diverse orientations. In conclusion, dissemination of the CTX-M-1 β-lactamase within food samples of animal origin is driven by the transmission of a ∼100 kb large IncI1 ST3 plasmid. Apart from conjugal transfer of IncI1 ST3 plasmids the transmission of the blaCTX-M-1 gene might be further promoted through mobilization due to its location within a recombination hot-spot of IncI1 plasmids.
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96
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Chabou S, Leulmi H, Davoust B, Aouadi A, Rolain JM. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase-encoding genes in poultry faeces from Algeria and Marseille, France. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:28-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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97
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Identification and characterization of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from healthy poultry in Brazil. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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98
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Chong Y, Shimoda S, Shimono N. Current epidemiology, genetic evolution and clinical impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 61:185-188. [PMID: 29626676 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, is a critical concern for the development of therapies against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Since the 2000s, detection rates of CTX-M types ESBL-producing E. coli in the community have been high, possibly contributing to their nosocomial detection. Various factors, such as environmental sources, food animals, and international travel, accelerate the global ESBL spread in the community. The dramatic dissemination of ESBLs in the community is associated with the relatively recent emergence of CTX-M-15-producing ST131 E. coli clones, which often carry many other antibiotic resistance genes (including quinolone). The usefulness of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, particularly, piperacillin/tazobactam, has been considered as a carbapenem-sparing regimen for ESBL infections, although the global trend of AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria should be monitored carefully. Careful therapeutic selection and continued surveillance for the detection of multidrug-resistant bacteria are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chong
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shinji Shimoda
- Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Center for the Study of Global Infection, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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99
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Tepeli SÖ, Demirel Zorba NN. Frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)– and AmpC β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae in a cheese production process. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:2906-2914. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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100
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Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) strains are emerging around the world as a source of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics such as ampicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. mcr-1 is a novel plasmid-mediated gene conferring resistance to colistin. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL-EC mcr-1 of chicken origin in the different provinces of China during 2008–2014. Overall, 341 of 821 isolates were determined to be ESBL-EC strains, and the proportion of ESBL-positive strains almost doubled from 2008 to 2014. The findings of our study revealed regional differences, with significantly more ESBL-EC isolates from stockbreeding in concentrated poultry industry areas in Shandong than from the other four provinces. The ESBL type analysis showed that blaCTX-M was the most prevalent ESBL-encoding gene (92.7%). In total, twelve subtypes of CTX-M genes were detected, among which, blaCTX-M-55 (34.3%) and blaCTX-M-65 (17.9%) were the major identified genotypes. In addition, blaTEM and pAmpC genes were carried by 86.0% and 8.5% of isolates, respectively. In this study, we also observed 44 E. coli isolates with multiple ST types (ST46, ST1286, ST10, ST29, ST101, and ST354) carrying mcr-1, and the majority of mcr-1–carrying plasmids were IncI2. The whole-genome sequencing analysis indicated the co-existence of blaCTX-M and mcr-1 in ESBL-EC of both animal and human origin, and phylogenetic analysis further revealed their close relationship, especially several isolates sharing a small number of SNPs, which suggested the increasing trend of co-existence and transmission of ESBL and mcr-1 in both clinical medicine and veterinary medicine.
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