51
|
Martins CS, de Castro M. Generalized and tissue specific glucocorticoid resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111277. [PMID: 33864884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that influence several physiologic functions and are among the most frequently prescribed drugs worldwide. Resistance to GCs has been observed in the context of the familial generalized GC resistance (Chrousos' syndrome) or tissue specific GC resistance in chronic inflammatory states. In this review, we have summarized the major factors that influence individual glucocorticoid sensitivity/resistance. The fine-tuning of GC action is determined in a tissue-specific fashion that includes the combination of different GC receptor promoters, translation initiation sites, splice isoforms, interacting proteins, post-translational modifications, and alternative mechanisms of signal transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Silva Martins
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine - Ribeirao Preto Medical School - University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Xiang K, Xu Z, Hu YQ, He YS, Wu GC, Li TY, Wang XR, Ding LH, Zhang Q, Tao SS, Ye DQ, Pan HF, Wang DG. Circadian clock genes as promising therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102866. [PMID: 34118460 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a natural, endogenous process whose physiological functions are controlled by a set of clock genes. Disturbance of the clock genes have detrimental effects on both innate and adaptive immunity, which significantly enhance pro-inflammatory responses and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases via strictly controlling the individual cellular components of the immune system that initiate and perpetuate the inflammation pathways. Autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA), often exhibit substantial circadian oscillations, and circadian rhythm is involved in the onset and progression of autoimmune diseases. Mounting evidence indicate that the synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes have the property of reducing the susceptibility and clinical severity of subjects. This review supplies an overview of the roles of circadian clock genes in the pathology of autoimmune diseases, including BMAL1, CLOCK, PER, CRY, REV-ERBα, and ROR. Furthermore, summarized some circadian clock genes as candidate genes for autoimmune diseases and current advancement on therapy of autoimmune diseases with synthetic ligands of circadian clock genes. The existing body of knowledge demonstrates that circadian clock genes are inextricably linked to autoimmune diseases. Future research should pay attention to improve the quality of life of patients with autoimmune diseases and reduce the effects of drug preparation on the normal circadian rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu-Qian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Sheng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guo-Cui Wu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tian-Yu Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xue-Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li-Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sha-Sha Tao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Gadasheva Y, Nolze A, Grossmann C. Posttranslational Modifications of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Cardiovascular Aging. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:667990. [PMID: 34124152 PMCID: PMC8193679 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.667990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, the cardiovascular system is especially prone to a decline in function and to life-expectancy limiting diseases. Cardiovascular aging is associated with increased arterial stiffness and vasoconstriction as well as left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function. Pathological changes include endothelial dysfunction, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, hypertrophy, inflammation, and changes in micromilieu with increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system is an important mediator of electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis and a key contributor to pathological remodeling processes of the cardiovascular system. Its effects are partially conveyed by the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor, whose activity increases during aging and cardiovascular diseases without correlating changes of its ligand aldosterone. There is growing evidence that the MR can be enzymatically and non-enzymatically modified and that these modifications contribute to ligand-independent modulation of MR activity. Modifications reported so far include phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and changes induced by nitrosative and oxidative stress. This review focuses on the different posttranslational modifications of the MR, their impact on MR function and degradation and the possible implications for cardiovascular aging and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yekatarina Gadasheva
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Nolze
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Noureddine LM, Trédan O, Hussein N, Badran B, Le Romancer M, Poulard C. Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Multifaceted Actor in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094446. [PMID: 33923160 PMCID: PMC8123001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide. Even though the role of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) is extensively documented in the development of breast tumors, other members of the nuclear receptor family have emerged as important players. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (dex) are commonly used in BC for their antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, as well as energy and appetite stimulating properties, and to manage the side effects of chemotherapy. However, dex triggers different effects depending on the BC subtype. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is also an important marker in BC, as high GR expression is correlated with a poor and good prognosis in ERα-negative and ERα-positive BCs, respectively. Indeed, though it drives the expression of pro-tumorigenic genes in ERα-negative BCs and is involved in resistance to chemotherapy and metastasis formation, dex inhibits estrogen-mediated cell proliferation in ERα-positive BCs. Recently, a new natural ligand for GR called OCDO was identified. OCDO is a cholesterol metabolite with oncogenic properties, triggering mammary cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we summarize recent data on GR signaling and its involvement in tumoral breast tissue, via its different ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Malik Noureddine
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Centre Leon Bérard, Oncology Department, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nader Hussein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Bassam Badran
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadat-Beirut 90656, Lebanon; (N.H.); (B.B.)
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France; (L.M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.R.)
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-478-786-663; Fax: +33-478-782-720
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Escherichia coli Affects Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in Human Hepatoma Cells. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040869. [PMID: 33920679 PMCID: PMC8073551 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research has indicated that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can lead to an altered circadian clock of the mammalian host. Herein we developed an original system that allows real-time circadian studies of human HepG2 hepatoma cells co-cultured with bacteria. The HepG2 cells with stably integrated firefly luciferase reporter under the control of PERIOD2 promoter were co-cultured with E. coli strains isolated from human fecal samples from healthy individuals. The two E. coli strains differ in the phylogenetic group and the number of ExPEC virulence-associated genes: BJ17 has only two, and BJ23 has 15 of 23 tested. In the first 24 h, the E. coli BJ17 affected the HepG2 circadian clock more than BJ23. Cosinor analysis shows a statistically significant change in the amplitude of PER1 and 2 and the phase advance of PER3. A high percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells occurred at 72 h, while a correlation between the number of ExPEC genes and the influence on the HepG2 core clock gene expression was observed. Our study reveals that the E. coli genetic background is important for the effect on the mammalian circadian clock genes, indicating possible future use of probiotic E. coli strains to influence the host circadian clock.
Collapse
|
56
|
Bottalico LN, Weljie AM. Cross-species physiological interactions of endocrine disrupting chemicals with the circadian clock. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 301:113650. [PMID: 33166531 PMCID: PMC7993548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The circadian clock is a transcriptional oscillator responsible for entraining 24-hour rhythms of physiology, behavior and metabolism. Extensive bidirectional cross talk exists between circadian and endocrine systems and circadian rhythmicity is present at all levels of endocrine control, from synthesis and release of hormones, to sensitivity of target tissues to hormone action. In mammals, a range of hormones directly alter clock gene expression and circadian physiology via nuclear receptor (NR) binding and subsequent genomic action, modulating physiological processes such as nutrient and energy metabolism, stress response, reproductive physiology and circadian behavioral rhythms. The potential for EDCs to perturb circadian clocks or circadian-driven physiology is not well characterized. For this reason, we explore evidence for parallel endocrine and circadian disruption following EDC exposure across species. In the reviewed studies, EDCs dysregulated core clock and circadian rhythm network gene expression in brain and peripheral organs, and altered circadian reproductive, behavioral and metabolic rhythms. Circadian impacts occurred in parallel to endocrine and metabolic alterations such as impaired fertility and dysregulated metabolic and energetic homeostasis. Further research is warranted to understand the nature of interaction between circadian and endocrine systems in mediating physiological effects of EDC exposure at environmental levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa N Bottalico
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Androulakis IP. Circadian rhythms and the HPA axis: A systems view. WIREs Mech Dis 2021; 13:e1518. [PMID: 33438348 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian timing system comprises a network of time-keeping clocks distributed across a living host whose responsibility is to allocate resources and distribute functions temporally to optimize fitness. The molecular structures generating these rhythms have evolved to accommodate the rotation of the earth in an attempt to primarily match the light/dark periods during the 24-hr day. To maintain synchrony of timing across and within tissues, information from the central clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, is conveyed using systemic signals. Leading among those signals are endocrine hormones, and while the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through the release of glucocorticoids is a major pacesetter. Interestingly, the fundamental units at the molecular and physiological scales that generate local and systemic signals share critical structural properties. These properties enable time-keeping systems to generate rhythmic signals and allow them to adopt specific properties as they interact with each other and the external environment. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of these structures, discuss their functional characteristics, and describe some of their fundamental properties as these related to health and disease. This article is categorized under: Immune System Diseases > Computational Models Immune System Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis P Androulakis
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.,Department of Surgery, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Negri M, Pivonello C, Simeoli C, Di Gennaro G, Venneri MA, Sciarra F, Ferrigno R, de Angelis C, Sbardella E, De Martino MC, Colao A, Isidori AM, Pivonello R. Cortisol Circadian Rhythm and Insulin Resistance in Muscle: Effect of Dosing and Timing of Hydrocortisone Exposure on Insulin Sensitivity in Synchronized Muscle Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:1005-1028. [PMID: 33130679 DOI: 10.1159/000512685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIM Circadian clock disruption is emerging as a risk factor for metabolic disorders, and particularly, alterations in clock genes circadian expression have been shown to influence insulin sensitivity. Recently, the reciprocal interplay between the circadian clock machinery and hypothal-amus-pituitary-adrenal axis has been largely demonstrated: the circadian clock may control the physiological circadian endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) secretion and action; GCs, in turn, are potent regulators of the circadian clock and their inappropriate replacement has been associated with metabolic impairment. The aim of the current study was to investigate in vitro the interaction between the timing-of-the-day exposure to different hydrocortisone (HC) concentrations and muscle insulin sensitivity. METHODS Serum-shock synchronized mouse skeletal muscle C2C12 cells were exposed to different HC concentrations resembling the circulating daily physiological cortisol profile (standard cortisol profile) and the circulating daily cortisol profile that reached in adrenal insufficient (AI) patients treated with once-daily modified-release HC (flat cortisol profile) and treated with thrice-daily conventional immediate-release HC (steep cortisol profile). The 24 h spontaneous oscillation of the clock genes in synchronized C2C12 cells was used to align the timing for in vitro HC exposure (Bmal1 acrophase, midphase, and bathyphase) with the reference times of cortisol peaks in AI patients treated with IR-HC (8 a.m., 1 p.m., and 6 p.m.). A panel of 84 insulin sensitivity-related genes and intracellular insulin signaling proteins were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The steep profile, characterized by a higher HC exposure during Bmal1bathyphase, produced significant downregulation in 21 insulin sensitivity-related genes including Insr, Irs1, Irs2, Pi3kca, and Adipor2, compared to the flat and standard profile. Reduced intracellular IRS1 Tyr608, AKT Ser473, AMPK Thr172, and ACC Ser79 phosphorylations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that late-in-the-day cortisol exposure modulates insulin sensitivity-related gene expression and intracellular insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Simeoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Di Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Ferrigno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina De Martino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lambrou GI, Kino T, Koide H, Ng SSM, Geronikolou SA, Bacopoulou F, Charmandari E, G C. Bioinformatics Analyses of Spatial Peripheral Circadian Clock-Mediated Gene Expression of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Related Genes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1338:67-79. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78775-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
60
|
Murata Y, Ueno T, Tanaka S, Kobayashi H, Okamura M, Hemmi S, Fuke Y, Matsumoto Y, Abe M, Fukuda N. Identification of Clock Genes Related to Hypertension in Kidney From Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:1136-1145. [PMID: 33463674 PMCID: PMC7814221 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a diurnal variation in the blood pressure fluctuation of hypertension, and blood pressure fluctuation abnormality is considered to be an independent risk factor for organ damage including cardiovascular complications. In the current study, we tried to identify molecules responsible for blood pressure circadian rhythm formation under the control of the kidney biological clock in hypertension. METHODS DNA microarray analysis was performed in kidneys from 5-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)/Izm, stroke-prone SHR rats (SHRSP)/Izm, and Wistar Kyoto (WKY)/Izm rats. To detect variation, mouse tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1) were stimulated with dexamethasone. We performed immunostaining and western blot analysis in the renal medulla of kidney from 5-week-old WKY rats and SHRs. RESULTS We extracted 1,032 genes with E-box, a binding sequence for BMAL1 and CLOCK using a Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In a microarray analysis, we identified 12 genes increased as more than 2-fold in the kidneys of SHRs and SHRSP in comparison to WKY rats. In a periodic regression analysis, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase (Ppat) and fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 1 (Fxr1) showed circadian rhythm. Immunocytochemistry revealed PPAT-positivity in nuclei and cytoplasm in the tubules, and FXR1-positivity in the cytoplasm of TCMK-1. In 5-week-old WKY rat and SHR kidneys, PPAT was localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubules, and FXR1 was localized to the cytoplasm of the proximal and distal tubules. CONCLUSIONS PPAT and FXR1 are pivotal molecules in the control of blood pressure circadian rhythm by the kidney in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Murata
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamura
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hemmi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fuke
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Agorastos A, Olff M. Traumatic stress and the circadian system: neurobiology, timing and treatment of posttraumatic chronodisruption. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2020; 11:1833644. [PMID: 33408808 PMCID: PMC7747941 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2020.1833644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Humans have an evolutionary need for a well-preserved internal 'clock', adjusted to the 24-hour rotation period of our planet. This intrinsic circadian timing system enables the temporal organization of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behaviour. The human circadian system is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the human stress system, as both systems regulate each other's activity along the anticipated diurnal challenges. The understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical in the molecular pathophysiology of stress-and trauma-related diseases, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objectives/Methods: In this narrative review, we present the functional components of the stress and circadian system and their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can affect the harmonious interplay between the two systems. Results: Circadian dysregulation after trauma exposure (posttraumatic chronodisruption) may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of traumatic stress through a loss of the temporal order at different organizational levels. Posttraumatic chronodisruption may, thus, affect fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptive mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. Given that many traumatic events occur in the late evening or night hours, we also describe how the time of day of trauma exposure can differentially affect the stress system and, finally, discuss potential chronotherapeutic interventions. Conclusion: Understanding the stress-related mechanisms susceptible to chronodisruption and their role in PTSD could deliver new insights into stress pathophysiology, provide better psychochronobiological treatment alternatives and enhance preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- II. Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ARQ Psychotrauma Expert Group, Diemen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Præstholm SM, Correia CM, Grøntved L. Multifaceted Control of GR Signaling and Its Impact on Hepatic Transcriptional Networks and Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572981. [PMID: 33133019 PMCID: PMC7578419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) are important regulators of development, inflammation, stress response and metabolism, demonstrated in various diseases including Addison's disease, Cushing's syndrome and by the many side effects of prolonged clinical administration of GCs. These conditions include severe metabolic challenges in key metabolic organs like the liver. In the liver, GR is known to regulate the transcription of key enzymes in glucose and lipid metabolism and contribute to the regulation of circadian-expressed genes. Insights to the modes of GR regulation and the underlying functional mechanisms are key for understanding diseases and for the development of improved clinical uses of GCs. The activity and function of GR is regulated at numerous levels including ligand availability, interaction with heat shock protein (HSP) complexes, expression of GR isoforms and posttranslational modifications. Moreover, recent genomics studies show functional interaction with multiple transcription factors (TF) and coregulators in complex transcriptional networks controlling cell type-specific gene expression by GCs. In this review we describe the different regulatory steps important for GR activity and discuss how different TF interaction partners of GR selectively control hepatic gene transcription and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Grøntved
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Arthritis and the role of endogenous glucocorticoids. Bone Res 2020; 8:33. [PMID: 32963891 PMCID: PMC7478967 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-020-00112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, the most common forms of arthritis, are chronic, painful, and disabling conditions. Although both diseases differ in etiology, they manifest in progressive joint destruction characterized by pathological changes in the articular cartilage, bone, and synovium. While the potent anti-inflammatory properties of therapeutic (i.e., exogenous) glucocorticoids have been heavily researched and are widely used in clinical practice, the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in arthritis susceptibility and disease progression remains poorly understood. Current evidence from mouse models suggests that local endogenous glucocorticoid signaling is upregulated by the pro-inflammatory microenvironment in rheumatoid arthritis and by aging-related mechanisms in osteoarthritis. Furthermore, these models indicate that endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in macrophages, mast cells, and chondrocytes has anti-inflammatory effects, while signaling in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, myocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocytes has pro-inflammatory actions in rheumatoid arthritis. Conversely, in osteoarthritis, endogenous glucocorticoid signaling in both osteoblasts and chondrocytes has destructive actions. Together these studies provide insights into the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in the pathogenesis of both inflammatory and degenerative joint disease.
Collapse
|
64
|
Circulating Exosomal miRNAs Signal Circadian Misalignment to Peripheral Metabolic Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176396. [PMID: 32899117 PMCID: PMC7503323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Night shift work increases risk of metabolic disorders, particularly obesity and insulin resistance. While the underlying mechanisms are unknown, evidence points to misalignment of peripheral oscillators causing metabolic disturbances. A pathway conveying such misalignment may involve exosome-based intercellular communication. Fourteen volunteers were assigned to a simulated day shift (DS) or night shift (NS) condition. After 3 days on the simulated shift schedule, blood samples were collected during a 24-h constant routine protocol. Exosomes were isolated from the plasma samples from each of the blood draws. Exosomes were added to naïve differentiated adipocytes, and insulin-induced pAkt/Akt expression changes were assessed. ChIP-Seq analyses for BMAL1 protein, mRNA microarrays and exosomal miRNA arrays combined with bioinformatics and functional effects of agomirs and antagomirs targeting miRNAs in NS and DS exosomal cargo were examined. Human adipocytes treated with exosomes from the NS condition showed altered Akt phosphorylation responses to insulin in comparison to those treated with exosomes from the DS condition. BMAL1 ChIP-Seq of exosome-treated adipocytes showed 42,037 binding sites in the DS condition and 5538 sites in the NS condition, with a large proportion of BMAL1 targets including genes encoding for metabolic regulators. A significant and restricted miRNA exosomal signature emerged after exposure to the NS condition. Among the exosomal miRNAs regulated differentially after 3 days of simulated NS versus DS, proof-of-concept validation of circadian misalignment signaling was demonstrated with hsa-mir-3614-5p. Exosomes from the NS condition markedly altered expression of key genes related to circadian rhythm in several cultured cell types, including adipocytes, myocytes, and hepatocytes, along with significant changes in 29 genes and downstream gene network interactions. Our results indicate that a simulated NS schedule leads to changes in exosomal cargo in the circulation. These changes promote reduction of insulin sensitivity of adipocytes in vitro and alter the expression of core clock genes in peripheral tissues. Circulating exosomal miRNAs may play an important role in metabolic dysfunction in NS workers by serving as messengers of circadian misalignment to peripheral tissues.
Collapse
|
65
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to explore how circadian rhythms influence disease susceptibility and potentially modify the effect of environmental exposures. We aimed to identify biomarkers commonly used in environmental health research that have also been the subject of chronobiology studies, in order to review circadian rhythms of relevance to environmental health and determine if time-of-day is an important factor to consider in environmental health studies. Moreover, we discuss opportunities for studying how environmental exposures may interact with circadian rhythms to structure disease pathology and etiology. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, the study of circadian rhythms in mammals has flourished. Animal models revealed that all body tissues have circadian rhythms. In humans, circadian rhythms were also shown to exist at multiple levels of organization: molecular, cellular, and physiological processes, including responding to oxidative stress, cell trafficking, and sex hormone production, respectively. Together, these rhythms are an essential component of human physiology and can shape an individual's susceptibility and response to disease. Circadian rhythms are relatively unexplored in environmental health research. However, circadian clocks control many physiological and behavioral processes that impact exposure pathways and disease systems. We believe this review will motivate new studies of (i) the impact of exposures on circadian rhythms, (ii) how circadian rhythms modify the effect of environmental exposures, and (iii) how time-of-day impacts our ability to observe the body's response to exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Leung
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-421C, New York, NY, USA
| | - Micaela E Martinez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, Room 16-421C, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Daut RA, Ravenel JR, Watkins LR, Maier SF, Fonken LK. The behavioral and neurochemical effects of an inescapable stressor are time of day dependent. Stress 2020; 23:405-416. [PMID: 31868091 PMCID: PMC7335331 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2019.1707180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are ∼24 h fluctuations in physiology and behavior that are synchronized with the light-dark cycle. The circadian system ensures homeostatic balance by regulating multiple systems that respond to environmental stimuli including stress systems. In rats, acute exposure to a series of uncontrollable tailshocks (inescapable stress, IS) produces an anxiety and depression-like phenotype. Anxiety- and fear-related behavioral changes produced by IS are driven by sensitization of serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). Because the circadian and serotonergic systems are closely linked, here we tested whether the DRN-dependent behavioral and neurochemical effects of IS are time of day dependent. Exposure to IS during the light (inactive) phase elicited the expected changes in mood related behaviors. In contrast, rats that underwent IS during the dark (active) phase were buffered against stress-induced changes in juvenile social exploration and shock-elicited freezing, both DRN-dependent outcomes. Interestingly, behavioral anhedonia, which is not a DRN-dependent behavior, was comparably reduced by stress at both times of day. Neurochemical changes complimented the behavioral results: IS-induced activation of DRN 5-HT neurons was greater during the light phase compared to the dark phase. Additionally, 5-HT1AR and 5-HTT, two genes that regulate 5-HT activity were up-regulated during the middle of the light cycle. These data suggest that DRN-dependent behavioral outcomes of IS are time of day dependent and may be mediated by circadian gating of the DRN response to stress.Lay summaryHere we show that the time of day at which a stressor occurs impacts the behavioral and neurochemical outcomes of the stressor. In particular, animals appear more vulnerable to a stressor that occurs during their rest phase. This work may have important implications for shift-workers and other populations that are more likely to encounter stressors during their rest phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Daut
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - J. Russell Ravenel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Steven F. Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K. Fonken
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Corresponding Author: Laura K. Fonken, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712; phone: (512) 232-8331;
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Spiga F, Zhao Z, Lightman SL. Prolonged treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid methylprednisolone affects adrenal steroidogenic function and response to inflammatory stress in the rat. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 87:703-714. [PMID: 32156515 PMCID: PMC7327516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for the treatment of numerous inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and they can also affect the way the adrenal gland produces endogenous glucocorticoids. Indeed, patients undergoing synthetic glucocorticoid treatment can develop adrenal insufficiency, a condition characterised by reduced responsiveness of the adrenal to ACTH stimulation or stressors (e.g. surgical or inflammatory stress). To better elucidate the long-term effect of synthetic glucocorticoids treatment and withdrawal on adrenal function, we have investigated the long-term effects of prolonged treatment with methylprednisolone on HPA axis dynamics and on the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, both in basal conditions and in response to an inflammatory stress (lipopolysaccharide, LPS). We have found that 5-days treatment with methylprednisolone suppresses basal ACTH and corticosterone secretion, as well as corticosterone secretion in response to a high dose of ACTH, and down-regulates key genes in the adrenal steroidogenic pathway, including StAR, MRAP, CYP11a1 and CYP11b1. These effects were paralleled by changes in the adrenal expression of transcription factors regulating steroidogenic gene expression, as well as changes in the expression of adrenal clock genes. Importantly, 5 days after withdrawal of the treatment, ACTH levels are restored, yet basal levels of corticosterone, as well as most of the key steroidogenic genes and their regulators, remain down regulated. We also show that, although 5-days treatment with methylprednisolone reduces the corticosterone response to LPS, an increase in intra-adrenal pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression was observed. Our data suggests that the steroidogenic pathway is directly affected by synthetic glucocorticoid treatment in the long-term, presumably via a mechanism involving activation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Furthermore, our data suggests a pro-inflammatory effect of synthetic glucocorticoids treatment in the adrenal gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spiga
- Bristol Medical School, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
Wei Y, Tian C, Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu F, Li S, Chen Y, Qiu Y, Feng Z, Chen L, Zhou T, Ren X, Feng C, Liu Y, Yu W, Ying H, Ding Q. MRG15 orchestrates rhythmic epigenomic remodelling and controls hepatic lipid metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:447-460. [PMID: 32694659 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The rhythmic regulation of transcriptional processes is intimately linked to lipid homeostasis, to anticipate daily changes in energy access. The Rev-erbα-HDAC3 complex was previously discovered to execute the rhythmic repression of lipid genes; however, the epigenetic switch that turns on these genes is less clear. Here, we show that genomic recruitment of MRG15, which is encoded by the mortality factor on chromosome 4 (MORF4)-related gene on chromosome 15, displays a significant diurnal rhythm and activates lipid genes in the mouse liver. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment and histone acetylation correspond to MRG15 binding, and the rhythm is impaired upon MRG15 depletion, establishing MRG15 as a key modulator in global rhythmic transcriptional regulation. MRG15 interacts with the nuclear receptor LRH-1, rather than with known core clock proteins, and is recruited to genomic loci near lipid genes via LRH-1. Blocking of MRG15 by CRISPR targeting or by the FDA-approved drug argatroban, which is an antagonist to MRG15, attenuates liver steatosis. This work highlights MRG15 as a targetable master regulator in the rhythmic regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuda Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongxu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanghui Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Ren
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yu
- Laboratory of RNA Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Qiurong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Hergenhan S, Holtkamp S, Scheiermann C. Molecular Interactions Between Components of the Circadian Clock and the Immune System. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3700-3713. [PMID: 31931006 PMCID: PMC7322557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is under control of the circadian clock. Many of the circadian rhythms observed in the immune system originate in direct interactions between components of the circadian clock and components of the immune system. The main means of circadian control over the immune system is by direct control of circadian clock proteins acting as transcription factors driving the expression or repression of immune genes. A second circadian control of immunity lies in the acetylation or methylation of histones to regulate gene transcription or inflammatory proteins. Furthermore, circadian clock proteins can engage in direct physical interactions with components of key inflammatory pathways such as members of the NFκB protein family. This regulation is transcription independent and allows the immune system to also reciprocally exert control over circadian clock function. Thus, the molecular interactions between the circadian clock and the immune system are manifold. We highlight and discuss here the recent findings with respect to the molecular mechanisms that control time-of-day-dependent immunity. This review provides a structured overview focusing on the key circadian clock proteins and discusses their reciprocal interactions with the immune system. The immune system is under control of the circadian clock. Circadian clock proteins act as transcription factors controlling genes of the immune system. Circadian clock proteins engage in direct physical interactions with inflammatory proteins. Immune factors also reciprocally exert control over circadian clock function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Hergenhan
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Holtkamp
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, BioMedical Centre, Planegg-Martinsried, Munich, Germany; University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire (CMU), Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Ketchesin KD, Becker-Krail D, McClung CA. Mood-related central and peripheral clocks. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 51:326-345. [PMID: 30402924 PMCID: PMC6502705 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mood disorders, including major depression, bipolar disorder, and seasonal affective disorder, are debilitating disorders that affect a significant portion of the global population. Individuals suffering from mood disorders often show significant disturbances in circadian rhythms and sleep. Moreover, environmental disruptions to circadian rhythms can precipitate or exacerbate mood symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Circadian clocks exist throughout the central nervous system and periphery, where they regulate a wide variety of physiological processes implicated in mood regulation. These processes include monoaminergic and glutamatergic transmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, metabolism, and immune function. While there seems to be a clear link between circadian rhythm disruption and mood regulation, the mechanisms that underlie this association remain unclear. This review will touch on the interactions between the circadian system and each of these processes and discuss their potential role in the development of mood disorders. While clinical studies are presented, much of the review will focus on studies in animal models, which are attempting to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms in which circadian genes regulate mood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Ketchesin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Darius Becker-Krail
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Colleen A McClung
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Okada Y, Okada M. Quercetin, caffeic acid and resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:1021-1032. [PMID: 31773385 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The circadian timing system of mammals is synchronized in concert with a central clock, but is also influenced by additional stimuli, including nutrients. However, little research has been done on polyphenols other than resveratrol and there seem to be no studies on their influence on young and old cells. The purpose of this study was to analyse the potential effects of quercetin, caffeic acid, and resveratrol on young and old fibroblast cells in the expressions of different clock genes and aging-related genes, and further investigate the mechanism. The mRNA expression of different clock genes and aging-related genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of clock genes (BMAL1, PER1 and SIRT1) and glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) were assessed by ELISA. Quercetin and caffeic acid in old fibroblast cells showed higher clock gene expression than resveratrol, quercetin increased Sirt1 expression, and caffeic acid increased Sirt6 expression indicating the possibility of an anti-aging effect. Also, quercetin and caffeic acid showed higher clock-controlled gene (Sirt1 and NR1D1) expression than resveratrol in young fibroblast cells. It appears that caffeic acid acts on NRF2 expression, and in turn to the actions of GRα, GDF11, Sirt1, and Sirt6. Regarding the increased expression of Per1, the activation effect on NR1D1 was confirmed only for caffeic acid in young fibroblast cells. Our results have confirmed the interplay of the circadian clock genes and cellular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okada
- Laboratory on Ageing & Health Management, Graduate School of Nursing & Health, Aichi Prefectural University, Tohgoku, Kamishidami, Moriyama, Nagoya, 463-8502, Japan.
| | - Mizue Okada
- Nutrition Section, Ageing and Nutrition Research, Yms Laboratory, Gifu, 503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Quagliarini F, Mir AA, Balazs K, Wierer M, Dyar KA, Jouffe C, Makris K, Hawe J, Heinig M, Filipp FV, Barish GD, Uhlenhaut NH. Cistromic Reprogramming of the Diurnal Glucocorticoid Hormone Response by High-Fat Diet. Mol Cell 2019; 76:531-545.e5. [PMID: 31706703 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a potent metabolic regulator and a major drug target. While GR is known to play integral roles in circadian biology, its rhythmic genomic actions have never been characterized. Here we mapped GR's chromatin occupancy in mouse livers throughout the day and night cycle. We show how GR partitions metabolic processes by time-dependent target gene regulation and controls circulating glucose and triglycerides differentially during feeding and fasting. Highlighting the dominant role GR plays in synchronizing circadian amplitudes, we find that the majority of oscillating genes are bound by and depend on GR. This rhythmic pattern is altered by high-fat diet in a ligand-independent manner. We find that the remodeling of oscillatory gene expression and postprandial GR binding results from a concomitant increase of STAT5 co-occupancy in obese mice. Altogether, our findings highlight GR's fundamental role in the rhythmic orchestration of hepatic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Quagliarini
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Ashfaq Ali Mir
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Kinga Balazs
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Michael Wierer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried (Munich), Germany
| | - Kenneth Allen Dyar
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Celine Jouffe
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Konstantinos Makris
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Johann Hawe
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany
| | - Matthias Heinig
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Department of Informatics, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748 Garching, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Volker Filipp
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), HMGU, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Grant Daniel Barish
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg (Munich), Germany; Metabolic Programming, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor Mendel Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Technische Universitaet Muenchen (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Bartlett AA, Lapp HE, Hunter RG. Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:807-818. [PMID: 31699238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been shown to be important for mediating cellular responses to stress and circulating glucocorticoids. Ligand-dependent transcriptional changes induced by GR are observed across numerous tissues. However, the mechanisms by which GR achieves cell and tissue-specific effects are less clear. Epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain some of these differences as well as some of the lasting, even transgenerational, effects of stress and glucocorticoid action. GR functions in tandem with epigenetic cellular machinery to coordinate transcription and shape chromatin structure. Here, we describe GR interactions with these effectors and how GR acts to reshape the epigenetic landscape in response to the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Bartlett
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Richard G Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Liu B, Zhang TN, Knight JK, Goodwin JE. The Glucocorticoid Receptor in Cardiovascular Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101227. [PMID: 31601045 PMCID: PMC6829609 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor is a member of the nuclear receptor family that controls many distinct gene networks, governing various aspects of development, metabolism, inflammation, and the stress response, as well as other key biological processes in the cardiovascular system. Recently, research in both animal models and humans has begun to unravel the profound complexity of glucocorticoid signaling and convincingly demonstrates that the glucocorticoid receptor has direct effects on the heart and vessels in vivo and in vitro. This research has contributed directly to improving therapeutic strategies in human disease. The glucocorticoid receptor is activated either by the endogenous steroid hormone cortisol or by exogenous glucocorticoids and acts within the cardiovascular system via both genomic and non-genomic pathways. Polymorphisms of the glucocorticoid receptor are also reported to influence the progress and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. In this review, we provide an update on glucocorticoid signaling and highlight the critical role of this signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions of the cardiovascular system. With increasing in-depth understanding of glucocorticoid signaling, the future is promising for the development of targeted glucocorticoid treatments and improved clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Jessica K Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Timmermans S, Souffriau J, Libert C. A General Introduction to Glucocorticoid Biology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1545. [PMID: 31333672 PMCID: PMC6621919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones widely used for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. To exert their broad physiological and therapeutic effects, GCs bind to the GC receptor (GR) which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Despite their success, GCs are hindered by the occurrence of side effects and glucocorticoid resistance (GCR). Increased knowledge on GC and GR biology together with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the GC side effects and GCR are necessary for improved GC therapy development. We here provide a general overview on the current insights in GC biology with a focus on GC synthesis, regulation and physiology, role in inflammation inhibition, and on GR function and plasticity. Furthermore, novel and selective therapeutic strategies are proposed based on recently recognized distinct molecular mechanisms of the GR. We will explain the SEDIGRAM concept, which was launched based on our research results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Souffriau
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Tsuchiya S, Sugiyama K, Van Gelder RN. Adrenal and Glucocorticoid Effects on the Circadian Rhythm of Murine Intraocular Pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5641-5647. [PMID: 30481281 PMCID: PMC6735647 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuates with a robust circadian rhythm, which is synchronized to organismal rhythmicity through the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The mechanisms maintaining circadian synchrony between the suprachiasmatic nuclei and IOP rhythms are presently unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the necessity and sufficiency of adrenal and glucocorticoid function for the entrainment of iris-ciliary body (iris-CB) and IOP circadian rhythms in mice. Methods Iris-CB complexes were dissected from C57Bl/6J mice that were kept in 12-hour light/dark cycles at 3-hour intervals, and their core clock gene (Per1, Per2, and Bmal1) and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression were quantified. Iris-CB complexes from period2::luciferase mice were dissected and cultured to measure in vitro rhythmicity. To determine the phase-shifting effect of glucocorticoids on the iris-CB, dexamethasone or vehicle was added to the cultured tissues at defined circadian phases. The diurnal IOP rhythms of adrenalectomized or sham-operated mice under the 12-hour light/dark cycles were also measured. Results In iris-CB complexes, glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression remained stable throughout the day, whereas the mRNA of core clock genes showed a robust circadian rhythmicity. Dexamethasone significantly induced phase-delays when administered between circadian time 8 (CT8) to CT12 and phase-advance when given between CT16 to CT20. Adrenalectomy abolished circadian IOP rhythmicity, particularly diminishing nocturnal IOP elevation compared with sham-operated mice. Conclusions Glucocorticoids are sufficient for phase shifting the circadian clock in iris-CB. Intact adrenal function is required for manifest circadian rhythms of IOP in mice. Taken together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that glucocorticoids mediate circadian entrainment of IOP to the master circadian oscillator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Tsuchiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Russell N Van Gelder
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Mauvoisin D. Circadian rhythms and proteomics: It's all about posttranslational modifications! WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1450. [PMID: 31034157 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a molecular endogenous timekeeping system and allows organisms to adjust their physiology and behavior to the geophysical time. Organized hierarchically, the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, coordinates peripheral clocks, via direct, or indirect signals. In peripheral organs, such as the liver, the circadian clock coordinates gene expression, notably metabolic gene expression, from transcriptional to posttranslational level. The metabolism in return feeds back on the molecular circadian clock via posttranslational-based mechanisms. During the last two decades, circadian gene expression studies have mostly been relying primarily on genomics or transcriptomics approaches and transcriptome analyses of multiple organs/tissues have revealed that the majority of protein-coding genes display circadian rhythms in a tissue specific manner. More recently, new advances in mass spectrometry offered circadian proteomics new perspectives, that is, the possibilities of performing large scale proteomic studies at cellular and subcellular levels, but also at the posttranslational modification level. With important implications in metabolic health, cell signaling has been shown to be highly relevant to circadian rhythms. Moreover, comprehensive characterization studies of posttranslational modifications are emerging and as a result, cell signaling processes are expected to be more deeply characterized and understood in the coming years with the use of proteomics. This review summarizes the work studying diurnally rhythmic or circadian gene expression performed at the protein level. Based on the knowledge brought by circadian proteomics studies, this review will also discuss the role of posttranslational modification events as an important link between the molecular circadian clock and metabolic regulation. This article is categorized under: Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Proteomics Methods Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mauvoisin
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Rao R, Androulakis IP. The physiological significance of the circadian dynamics of the HPA axis: Interplay between circadian rhythms, allostasis and stress resilience. Horm Behav 2019; 110:77-89. [PMID: 30862458 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Circadian time-keeping mechanisms preserve homeostasis by synchronizing internal physiology with predictable variations in the environment and temporally organize the activation of physiological signaling mechanisms to promote survival and optimize the allocation of energetic resources. In this paper, we highlight the importance of the robust circadian dynamics of allostatic mediators, with a focus on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, for the optimal regulation of host physiology and in enabling organisms to adequately respond and adapt to physiological stressors. We review studies showing how the chronic disruption of circadian rhythms can result in the accumulation of allostatic load, which impacts the appropriate functioning of physiological systems and diminishes the resilience of internal systems to adequately respond to subsequent stressors. A careful consideration of circadian rhythm dynamics leads to a more comprehensive characterization of individual variability in allostatic load and stress resilience. Finally, we suggest that the restoration of circadian rhythms after pathological disruption can enable the re-engagement of allostatic mechanisms and re-establish stress resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Rao
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ioannis P Androulakis
- Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Biomedical Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Mellon SH, Bersani FS, Lindqvist D, Hammamieh R, Donohue D, Dean K, Jett M, Yehuda R, Flory J, Reus VI, Bierer LM, Makotkine I, Abu Amara D, Henn Haase C, Coy M, Doyle FJ, Marmar C, Wolkowitz OM. Metabolomic analysis of male combat veterans with post traumatic stress disorder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213839. [PMID: 30883584 PMCID: PMC6422302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with impaired major domains of psychology and behavior. Individuals with PTSD also have increased co-morbidity with several serious medical conditions, including autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, raising the possibility that systemic pathology associated with PTSD might be identified by metabolomic analysis of blood. We sought to identify metabolites that are altered in male combat veterans with PTSD. In this case-control study, we compared metabolomic profiles from age-matched male combat trauma-exposed veterans from the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts with PTSD (n = 52) and without PTSD (n = 51) (‘Discovery group’). An additional group of 31 PTSD-positive and 31 PTSD-negative male combat-exposed veterans was used for validation of these findings (‘Test group’). Plasma metabolite profiles were measured in all subjects using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We identified key differences between PTSD subjects and controls in pathways related to glycolysis and fatty acid uptake and metabolism in the initial ‘Discovery group’, consistent with mitochondrial alterations or dysfunction, which were also confirmed in the ‘Test group’. Other pathways related to urea cycle and amino acid metabolism were different between PTSD subjects and controls in the ‘Discovery’ but not in the smaller ‘Test’ group. These metabolic differences were not explained by comorbid major depression, body mass index, blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, smoking, or use of analgesics, antidepressants, statins, or anti-inflammatories. These data show replicable, wide-ranging changes in the metabolic profile of combat-exposed males with PTSD, with a suggestion of mitochondrial alterations or dysfunction, that may contribute to the behavioral and somatic phenotypes associated with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Synthia H. Mellon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - F. Saverio Bersani
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Lindqvist
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Duncan Donohue
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Kelsey Dean
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- Integrative Systems Biology, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, USACEHR, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rachel Yehuda
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Janine Flory
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Victor I. Reus
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda M. Bierer
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Iouri Makotkine
- Department of Psychiatry, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY and Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Duna Abu Amara
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Clare Henn Haase
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coy
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Doyle
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, United States of America
- Stephen and Alexandra Cohen Veteran Center for Posttraumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Owen M. Wolkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Kawai M, Kinoshita S, Yamazaki M, Yamamoto K, Rosen CJ, Shimba S, Ozono K, Michigami T. Intestinal clock system regulates skeletal homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:121798. [PMID: 30730853 PMCID: PMC6483519 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved system involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis; however, its impacts on skeletal metabolism remain largely unknown. We herein demonstrated that the circadian clock network in the intestines plays pivotal roles in skeletal metabolism such that the lack of the Bmal1 gene in the intestines (Bmal1Int-/- mice) caused bone loss, with bone resorption being activated and bone formation suppressed. Mechanistically, Clock protein interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) accelerated its binding to the VDR response element by enhancing histone acetylation in a circadian-dependent manner, and this was lost in Bmal1Int-/- mice because nuclear translocation of Clock required the presence of Bmal1. Accordingly, the rhythmic expression of VDR target genes involved in transcellular calcium (Ca) absorption was created, and this was not observed in Bmal1Int-/- mice. As a result, transcellular Ca absorption was impaired and bone resorption was activated in Bmal1Int-/- mice. Additionally, sympathetic tone, the activation of which suppresses bone formation, was elevated through afferent vagal nerves in Bmal1Int-/- mice, the blockade of which partially recovered bone loss by increasing bone formation and suppressing bone resorption in Bmal1Int-/- mice. These results demonstrate that the intestinal circadian system regulates skeletal bone homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Saori Kinoshita
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Murayama Y, Yahagi N, Takeuchi Y, Aita Y, Mehrazad Saber Z, Wada N, Li E, Piao X, Sawada Y, Shikama A, Masuda Y, Nishi-Tatsumi M, Kubota M, Izumida Y, Miyamoto T, Sekiya M, Matsuzaka T, Nakagawa Y, Sugano Y, Iwasaki H, Kobayashi K, Yatoh S, Suzuki H, Yagyu H, Kawakami Y, Shimano H. Glucocorticoid receptor suppresses gene expression of Rev-erbα (Nr1d1) through interaction with the CLOCK complex. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:423-432. [PMID: 30659595 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have various medical uses but are accompanied by side effects. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been reported to regulate the clock genes, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we focused on the suppressive effect of the GR on the expression of Rev-erbα (Nr1d1), an important component of the clock regulatory circuits. Here we show that the GR suppresses Rev-erbα expression via the formation of a complex with CLOCK and BMAL1, which binds to the E-boxes in the Nr1d1 promoter. In this GR-CLOCK-BMAL1 complex, the GR does not directly bind to DNA, which is referred to as tethering. These findings provide new insights into the role of the GR in the control of circadian rhythm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Murayama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoya Yahagi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuichi Aita
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zahra Mehrazad Saber
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Wada
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - EnXu Li
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xianying Piao
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sawada
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akito Shikama
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukari Masuda
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Midori Kubota
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Izumida
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaka
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Nakagawa
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoko Sugano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iwasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yatoh
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yagyu
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawakami
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology and Metabolism), Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Davis K, Roden LC, Leaner VD, van der Watt PJ. The tumour suppressing role of the circadian clock. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:771-780. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Davis
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Laura C. Roden
- School of Life Sciences; Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building Room 2.24; Coventry, CV1 5FB UK
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Fletcher ELK, Kanki M, Morgan J, Ray DW, Delbridge L, Fuller PJ, Clyne CD, Young MJ. Cardiomyocyte transcription is controlled by combined MR and circadian clock signalling. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0584.R3. [PMID: 30689544 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a critical pathogenic role for MR activation in cardiomyocytes that included a potential interaction between the MR and the molecular circadian clock. While glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock is undisputed, MR interactions with circadian clock signalling are limited. We hypothesised that the MR influences cardiac circadian clock signalling, and vice versa. 10nM aldosterone or corticosterone regulated CRY 1, PER1, PER2 and ReverbA (NR1D1) gene expression patterns in H9c2 cells over 24hr. MR-dependent regulation of circadian gene promoters containing GREs and E-box sequences was established for CLOCK, Bmal, CRY 1 and CRY2, PER1 and PER2 and transcriptional activators CLOCK and Bmal modulated MR-dependent transcription of a subset of these promoters. We also demonstrated differential regulation of MR target gene expression in hearts of mice 4hr after administration of aldosterone at 8AM versus 8PM. Our data support combined MR regulation of a subset of circadian genes and that endogenous circadian transcription factors CLOCK and Bmal modulate this response. This unsuspected relationship links MR in the heart to circadian rhythmicity at the molecular level and has important implications for the biology of MR signalling in response to aldosterone as well as cortisol. These data are consistent with MR signalling in the brain where, like the heart, it preferentially responds to cortisol. Given the undisputed requirement for diurnal cortisol release in the entrainment of peripheral clocks, the present study highlights the MR as an important mechanism for transducing the circadian actions of cortisol in addition to the GR in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ELizabeth K Fletcher
- E Fletcher, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tuft Medical Centre, Boston, United States
| | - Monica Kanki
- M Kanki, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Morgan
- J Morgan, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Ray
- D Ray, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Lea Delbridge
- L Delbridge, Dept Of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, xxx, Australia
| | - Peter James Fuller
- P Fuller, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- C Clyne , Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- M Young, Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3166, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Agorastos A, Nicolaides NC, Bozikas VP, Chrousos GP, Pervanidou P. Multilevel Interactions of Stress and Circadian System: Implications for Traumatic Stress. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:1003. [PMID: 32047446 PMCID: PMC6997541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic fluctuations in energy demands by the rhythmic succession of night and day on our planet has prompted a geophysical evolutionary need for biological temporal organization across phylogeny. The intrinsic circadian timing system (CS) represents a highly conserved and sophisticated internal "clock," adjusted to the 24-h rotation period of the earth, enabling a nyctohemeral coordination of numerous physiologic processes, from gene expression to behavior. The human CS is tightly and bidirectionally interconnected to the stress system (SS). Both systems are fundamental for survival and regulate each other's activity in order to prepare the organism for the anticipated cyclic challenges. Thereby, the understanding of the temporal relationship between stressors and stress responses is critical for the comprehension of the molecular basis of physiology and pathogenesis of disease. A critical loss of the harmonious timed order at different organizational levels may affect the fundamental properties of neuroendocrine, immune, and autonomic systems, leading to a breakdown of biobehavioral adaptative mechanisms with increased stress sensitivity and vulnerability. In this review, following an overview of the functional components of the SS and CS, we present their multilevel interactions and discuss how traumatic stress can alter the interplay between the two systems. Circadian dysregulation after traumatic stress exposure may represent a core feature of trauma-related disorders mediating enduring neurobiological correlates of trauma through maladaptive stress regulation. Understanding the mechanisms susceptible to circadian dysregulation and their role in stress-related disorders could provide new insights into disease mechanisms, advancing psychochronobiological treatment possibilities and preventive strategies in stress-exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicolas C Nicolaides
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios P Bozikas
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Masri S, Sassone-Corsi P. The emerging link between cancer, metabolism, and circadian rhythms. Nat Med 2018; 24:1795-1803. [PMID: 30523327 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex cellular mechanism that, through the control of diverse metabolic and gene expression pathways, governs a large array of cyclic physiological processes. Epidemiological and clinical data reveal a connection between the disruption of circadian rhythms and cancer that is supported by recent preclinical data. In addition, results from animal models and molecular studies underscore emerging links between cancer metabolism and the circadian clock. This has implications for therapeutic approaches, and we discuss the possible design of chronopharmacological strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, INSERM U1233, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Insights into the Role of Circadian Rhythms in Bone Metabolism: A Promising Intervention Target? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9156478. [PMID: 30363685 PMCID: PMC6180976 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes of mammals, including bone metabolism, are regulated by the circadian clock system, which consists of a central regulator, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and the peripheral oscillators of the BMAL1/CLOCK-PERs/CRYs system. Various bone turnover markers and bone metabolism-regulating hormones such as melatonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) display diurnal rhythmicity. According to previous research, disruption of the circadian clock due to shift work, sleep restriction, or clock gene knockout is associated with osteoporosis or other abnormal bone metabolism, showing the importance of the circadian clock system for maintaining homeostasis of bone metabolism. Moreover, common causes of osteoporosis, including postmenopausal status and aging, are associated with changes in the circadian clock. In our previous research, we found that agonism of the circadian regulators REV-ERBs inhibits osteoclast differentiation and ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice, suggesting that clock genes may be promising intervention targets for abnormal bone metabolism. Moreover, osteoporosis interventions at different time points can provide varying degrees of bone protection, showing the importance of accounting for circadian rhythms for optimal curative effects in clinical treatment of osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about circadian rhythms and bone metabolism.
Collapse
|
87
|
Venneri MA, Hasenmajer V, Fiore D, Sbardella E, Pofi R, Graziadio C, Gianfrilli D, Pivonello C, Negri M, Naro F, Grossman AB, Lenzi A, Pivonello R, Isidori AM. Circadian Rhythm of Glucocorticoid Administration Entrains Clock Genes in Immune Cells: A DREAM Trial Ancillary Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2998-3009. [PMID: 29846607 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adrenal insufficiency (AI) requires lifelong glucocorticoid (GC) replacement. Conventional therapies do not mimic the endogenous cortisol circadian rhythm. Clock genes are essential components of the machinery controlling circadian functions and are influenced by GCs. However, clock gene expression has never been investigated in patients with AI. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the timing of GC administration on circadian gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients from the Dual Release Hydrocortisone vs Conventional Glucocorticoid Replacement in Hypocortisolism (DREAM) trial. DESIGN Outcome assessor-blinded, randomized, active comparator clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION Eighty-nine patients with AI were randomly assigned to continue their multiple daily GC doses or switch to an equivalent dose of once-daily modified-release hydrocortisone and were compared with 25 healthy controls; 65 patients with AI and 18 controls consented to gene expression analysis. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, 19 of the 68 genes were found modulated in patients with AI at baseline, 18 of which were restored to control levels 12 weeks after therapy was switched: ARNTL [BMAL] (P = 0.024), CLOCK (P = 0.016), AANAT (P = 0.021), CREB1 (P = 0.010), CREB3 (P = 0.037), MAT2A (P = 0.013); PRKAR1A, PRKAR2A, and PRKCB (all P < 0.010) and PER3, TIMELESS, CAMK2D, MAPK1, SP1, WEE1, CSNK1A1, ONP3, and PRF1 (all P < 0.001). Changes in WEE1, PRF1, and PER3 expression correlated with glycated hemoglobin, inflammatory monocytes, and CD16+ natural killer cells. CONCLUSIONS Patients with AI on standard therapy exhibit a dysregulation of circadian genes in PBMCs. The once-daily administration reconditions peripheral tissue gene expression to levels close to controls, paralleling the clinical outcomes of the DREAM trial (NCT02277587).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Hasenmajer
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Graziadio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Duszka K, Wahli W. Enteric Microbiota⁻Gut⁻Brain Axis from the Perspective of Nuclear Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082210. [PMID: 30060580 PMCID: PMC6121494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) play a key role in regulating virtually all body functions, thus maintaining a healthy operating body with all its complex systems. Recently, gut microbiota emerged as major factor contributing to the health of the whole organism. Enteric bacteria have multiple ways to influence their host and several of them involve communication with the brain. Mounting evidence of cooperation between gut flora and NRs is already available. However, the full potential of the microbiota interconnection with NRs remains to be uncovered. Herewith, we present the current state of knowledge on the multifaceted roles of NRs in the enteric microbiota–gut–brain axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Meneses-Santos D, Buonfiglio DDC, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Ramos-Lobo AM, Souza DDN, Carpinelli AR, Carvalho CRDO, Sertie RAL, Andreotti S, Lima FB, Afeche SC, Fioretto ET, Cipolla-Neto J, Marçal AC. Chronic treatment with dexamethasone alters clock gene expression and melatonin synthesis in rat pineal gland at night. Nat Sci Sleep 2018; 10:203-215. [PMID: 30046256 PMCID: PMC6054274 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s158602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone that regulates many functions involving energy metabolism and behavior in mammals throughout the light/dark cycle. It is considered an output signal of the central circadian clock, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Melatonin synthesis can be influenced by other hormones, such as insulin and glucocorticoids in pathological conditions or during stress. Furthermore, glucocorticoids appear to modulate circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues and are associated with the onset of metabolic diseases. In the pineal gland, the modulation of melatonin synthesis by clock genes has already been demonstrated. However, few studies have shown the effects of glucocorticoids on clock genes expression in the pineal gland. RESULTS We verified that rats treated with dexamethasone (2 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) for 10 consecutive days, showed hyperglycemia and pronounced hyperinsulinemia during the dark phase. Insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, melatonin synthesis, and enzymatic activity of arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase, the key enzyme of melatonin synthesis, were reduced. Furthermore, we observed an increase in the expression of Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Cry1, and Cry2 in pineal glands of rats treated with dexamethasone. CONCLUSION These results show that chronic treatment with dexamethasone can modulate both melatonin synthesis and circadian clock expression during the dark phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meneses-Santos
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - Daniella do Carmo Buonfiglio
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angela Maria Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Divanízia do Nascimento Souza
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - Angelo Rafael Carpinelli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sandra Andreotti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Bessa Lima
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Ticona Fioretto
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| | - José Cipolla-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil,
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ince LM, Zhang Z, Beesley S, Vonslow RM, Saer BR, Matthews LC, Begley N, Gibbs JE, Ray DW, Loudon ASI. Circadian variation in pulmonary inflammatory responses is independent of rhythmic glucocorticoid signaling in airway epithelial cells. FASEB J 2018; 33:126-139. [PMID: 29965797 PMCID: PMC6355062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800026rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a critical regulator of immune function. We recently highlighted a role for the circadian clock in a mouse model of pulmonary inflammation. The epithelial clock protein Bmal1 was required to regulate neutrophil recruitment in response to inflammatory challenge. Bmal1 regulated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) recruitment to the neutrophil chemokine, CXC chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), providing a candidate mechanism. We now show that clock control of pulmonary neutrophilia persists without rhythmic glucocorticoid availability. Epithelial GR-null mice had elevated expression of proinflammatory chemokines in the lung under homeostatic conditions. However, deletion of GR in the bronchial epithelium blocked rhythmic CXCL5 production, identifying GR as required to confer circadian control to CXCL5. Surprisingly, rhythmic pulmonary neutrophilia persisted, despite nonrhythmic CXCL5 responses, indicating additional circadian control mechanisms. Deletion of GR in myeloid cells alone did not prevent circadian variation in pulmonary neutrophilia and showed reduced neutrophilic inflammation in response to dexamethasone treatment. These new data show GR is required to confer circadian control to some inflammatory chemokines, but that this alone is insufficient to prevent circadian control of neutrophilic inflammation in response to inhaled LPS, with additional control mechanisms arising in the myeloid cell lineage.—Ince, L. M., Zhang, Z., Beesley, S., Vonslow, R. M., Saer, B. R., Matthews, L. C., Begley, N., Gibbs, J. E., Ray, D. W., Loudon, A. S. I. Circadian variation in pulmonary inflammatory responses is independent of rhythmic glucocorticoid signaling in airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise M Ince
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenguang Zhang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Beesley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan M Vonslow
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ben R Saer
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Laura C Matthews
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Begley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S I Loudon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Moreira AC, Antonini SR, de Castro M. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: A sense of time of the glucocorticoid circadian clock: from the ontogeny to the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:R1-R18. [PMID: 29661784 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm of glucocorticoids has long been recognised within the last 75 years. Since the beginning, researchers have sought to identify basic mechanisms underlying the origin and emergence of the corticosteroid circadian rhythmicity among mammals. Accordingly, Young, Hall and Rosbash, laureates of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, as well as Takahashi's group among others, have characterised the molecular cogwheels of the circadian system, describing interlocking transcription/translation feedback loops essential for normal circadian rhythms. Plasma glucocorticoid circadian variation depends on the expression of intrinsic clock genes within the anatomic components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which are organised in a hierarchical manner. This review presents a general overview of the glucocorticoid circadian clock mechanisms, highlighting the ontogeny of the pituitary-adrenal axis diurnal rhythmicity as well as the involvement of circadian rhythm abnormalities in the physiopathology and diagnosis of Cushing's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayrton Custodio Moreira
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonir Rauber Antonini
- Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Margaret de Castro
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Zhao X, Hwang DY, Kao HY. The Role of Glucocorticoid Receptors in Podocytes and Nephrotic Syndrome. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR RESEARCH 2018; 5. [PMID: 30417008 PMCID: PMC6224173 DOI: 10.11131/2018/101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptor (GC), a founding member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is a glucocorticoid-activated transcription factor that regulates gene expression and controls the development and homeostasis of human podocytes. Synthetic glucocorticoids are the standard treatment regimens for proteinuria (protein in the urine) and nephrotic syndrome (NS) caused by kidney diseases. These include minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranous nephropathy (MN) and immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) or subsequent complications due to diabetes mellitus or HIV infection. However, unwanted side effects and steroid-resistance remain major issues for their long-term use. Furthermore, the mechanism by which glucocorticoids elicit their renoprotective activity in podocyte and glomeruli is poorly understood. Podocytes are highly differentiated epithelial cells that contribute to the integrity of kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Injury or loss of podocytes leads to proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome. Recent studies in multiple experimental models have begun to explore the mechanism of GC action in podocytes. This review will discuss progress in our understanding of the role of glucocorticoid receptor and glucocorticoids in podocyte physiology and their renoprotective activity in nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daw-Yang Hwang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ying Kao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Spencer RL, Chun LE, Hartsock MJ, Woodruff ER. Glucocorticoid hormones are both a major circadian signal and major stress signal: How this shared signal contributes to a dynamic relationship between the circadian and stress systems. Front Neuroendocrinol 2018; 49:52-71. [PMID: 29288075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones are a powerful mammalian systemic hormonal signal that exerts regulatory effects on almost every cell and system of the body. Glucocorticoids act in a circadian and stress-directed manner to aid in adaptation to an ever-changing environment. Circadian glucocorticoid secretion provides for a daily waxing and waning influence on target cell function. In addition, the daily circadian peak of glucocorticoid secretion serves as a timing signal that helps entrain intrinsic molecular clock phase in tissue cells distributed throughout the body. Stress-induced glucocorticoid secretion also modulates the state of these same cells in response to both physiological and psychological stressors. We review the strong functional interrelationships between glucocorticoids and the circadian system, and discuss how these interactions optimize the appropriate cellular and systems response to stress throughout the day. We also discuss clinical implications of this dual aspect of glucocorticoid signaling, especially for conditions of circadian and HPA axis dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Lauren E Chun
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Matthew J Hartsock
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Elizabeth R Woodruff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Schuch JB, Genro JP, Bastos CR, Ghisleni G, Tovo-Rodrigues L. The role of CLOCK gene in psychiatric disorders: Evidence from human and animal research. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2018; 177:181-198. [PMID: 28902457 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock system drives daily rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior in mammals. Molecular mechanisms of this system consist of multiple clock genes, with Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) as a core member that plays an important role in a wide range of behaviors. Alterations in the CLOCK gene are associated with common psychiatric disorders as well as with circadian disturbances comorbidities. This review addresses animal, molecular, and genetic studies evaluating the role of the CLOCK gene on many psychiatric conditions, namely autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance use disorder. Many animal experiments focusing on the effects of the Clock gene in behavior related to psychiatric conditions have shown consistent biological plausibility and promising findings. In humans, genetic and gene expression studies regarding disorder susceptibility, sleep disturbances related comorbidities, and response to pharmacological treatment, in general, are in agreement with animal studies. However, the number of controversial results is high. Literature suggests that the CLOCK gene exerts important influence on these conditions, and influences the susceptibility to phenotypes of psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline B Schuch
- Laboratory of Immunosenescence, Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julia P Genro
- Graduate Program in Bioscience, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R Bastos
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Astiz M, Oster H. Perinatal Programming of Circadian Clock-Stress Crosstalk. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:5689165. [PMID: 29593783 PMCID: PMC5822916 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5689165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An intact communication between circadian clocks and the stress system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis under resting conditions and in response to external stimuli. There is accumulating evidence for a reciprocal interaction between both-from the systemic to the molecular level. Disruption of this interaction by external factors such as shiftwork, jetlag, or chronic stress increases the risk of developing metabolic, immune, or mood disorders. From experiments in rodents, we know that both systems maturate during the perinatal period. During that time, exogenous factors such as stress or alterations in the external photoperiod may critically affect-or program-physiological functions later in life. This developmental programming process has been attributed to maternal stress signals reaching the embryo, which lastingly change gene expression through the induction of epigenetic mechanisms. Despite the well-known function of the adult circadian system in temporal coordination of physiology and behavior, the role of maternal and embryonic circadian clocks during pregnancy and postnatal development is still poorly defined. A better understanding of the circadian-stress crosstalk at different periods of development may help to improve stress resistance and devise preventive and therapeutic strategies against chronic stress-associated disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior & Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Marie-Curie Street, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Suzuki S, Iben JR, Coon SL, Kino T. SIRT1 is a transcriptional enhancer of the glucocorticoid receptor acting independently to its deacetylase activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:178-187. [PMID: 28923345 PMCID: PMC5756502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have strong effects on diverse human activities through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase and promotes longevity by influencing intermediary metabolism and other regulatory activities including mitochondrial function. In this study, we examined the effects of SIRT1 on GR-mediated transcriptional activity. We found that SIRT1 enhanced GR-induced transcriptional activity on endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoid-responsive genes, whereas knockdown of SIRT1 attenuated it. This effect of SIRT1 was independent to its deacetylase activity, as the SIRT1 mutant defective in this activity (H363Y) enhanced GR transcriptional activity, and the compounds inhibiting or activating the SIRT1 deacetylase activity did not influence it. RNA-seq analysis revealed that SIRT1 knockdown influenced ∼30% of the glucocorticoid-responsive transcriptome for most of which it acted as an enhancer for positive/negative effects of this hormone. SIRT1 physically interacted with GR, and was attracted to GR-bound glucocorticoid response elements in a glucocorticoid-dependent fashion. SIRT1 cooperatively activated GR transcriptional activity with the PPARγ coactivator-1α also in its deacetylase activity-independent fashion. Thus, SIRT1 is a novel transcriptional enhancer of GR-induced transcriptional activity possibly by functioning as a scaffold for the transcriptional complex formed on GR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Suzuki
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan.
| | - James R Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Steven L Coon
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tomoshige Kino
- Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Division of Translational Medicine, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha 26999, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
97
|
The role of the circadian clock system in physiology. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:227-239. [PMID: 29302752 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Life on earth is shaped by the 24-h rotation of our planet around its axes. To adapt behavior and physiology to the concurring profound but highly predictable changes, endogenous circadian clocks have evolved that drive 24-h rhythms in invertebrate and vertebrate species. At the molecular level, circadian clocks comprised a set of clock genes organized in a system of interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops. A ubiquitous network of cellular central and peripheral tissue clocks coordinates physiological functions along the day through activation of tissue-specific transcriptional programs. Circadian rhythms impact on diverse physiological processes including the cardiovascular system, energy metabolism, immunity, hormone secretion, and reproduction. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of circadian timekeeping in different species, its adaptation by external timing signals and the pathophysiological consequences of circadian disruption.
Collapse
|
98
|
Lee HA, Kang SH, Kim M, Lee E, Cho HM, Moon EK, Kim I. Histone deacetylase inhibition ameliorates hypertension and hyperglycemia in a model of Cushing's syndrome. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E39-E52. [PMID: 28928236 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00267.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's syndrome (CS) caused by hypercortisolism is occasionally accompanied by metabolic disorders such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and central obesity. Thus morbidity and mortality, observed in cardiovascular disease, are elevated in patients with CS. We hypothesized that HDAC inhibition (HDACi) decreased transcriptional activity of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which ameliorates hypertension and hyperglycemia in patients with CS. To establish an animal model of hypercortisolism, Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, 40 ng/day) or dexamethasone (Dex, 10 μg/day) via osmotic minipumps for 4 wk. Expression of GR target genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). GR enrichment on specific loci, and across the whole genome, was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and ChIPseq, respectively. HDACi decreased blood pressure and expression of ion regulators in the kidneys of ACTH-infused rats. Additionally, HDACi reduced deposition of polysaccharide, fasting blood glucose level, glucose intolerance, and expression of gluconeogenesis genes in the livers and kidneys of ACTH- and Dex-infused rats. Among class I HDACs, HDAC1 and HDAC3 interacted with GR. HDAC1 knockdown resulted in increased level of acetylation and decreased transcriptional activity of GR. GR recruitment on the promoters of 2,754 genes, which include ion transporters, channels, and gluconeogenic genes, was significantly decreased by MS-275, a class I HDAC inhibitor. These results indicate that HDACi ameliorates hypertension and hyperglycemia in a model of CS by decreasing the transcriptional activity of GR via elevating its level of acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ahm Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Moon
- Department of Medical Zoology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyeom Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Petrescu AD, Kain J, Liere V, Heavener T, DeMorrow S. Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Dysfunction in Cholestatic Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:660. [PMID: 30483216 PMCID: PMC6240761 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis has an important role in maintaining the physiological homeostasis in relation to external and internal stimuli. The HPA axis dysfunctions were extensively studied in neuroendocrine disorders such as depression and chronic fatigue syndrome but less so in hepatic cholestasis, cirrhosis or other liver diseases. The HPA axis controls many functions of the liver through neuroendocrine forward signaling pathways as well as negative feedback mechanisms, in health and disease. This review describes cell and molecular mechanisms of liver and HPA axis physiology and pathology. Evidence is presented from clinical and experimental model studies, demonstrating that dysfunctions of HPA axis are correlated with liver cholestatic disorders. The functional interactions of HPA axis with the liver and immune system in cases of bacterial and viral infections are also discussed. Proinflammatory cytokines stimulate glucocorticoid (GC) release by adrenals but they also inhibit bile acid (BA) efflux from liver. Chronic hepatic inflammation leads to cholestasis and impaired GC metabolism in the liver, so that HPA axis becomes depressed. Recently discovered interactions of GC with self-oscillating transcription factors that generate circadian rhythms of gene expression in brain and liver, in the context of GC replacement therapies, are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anca D. Petrescu
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Jessica Kain
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Victoria Liere
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Trace Heavener
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, TX, United States
- Department of Research Services, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon DeMorrow
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Angelousi A, Nasiri-Ansari N, Spilioti E, Mantzou E, Kalotyxou V, Chrousos G, Kaltsas G, Kassi E. Altered expression of circadian clock genes in polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III. Endocrine 2018; 59:109-119. [PMID: 28884339 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Circadian timing system is a highly conserved, ubiquitous molecular "clock" which creates internal circadian rhythmicity. Dysregulation of clock genes expression is associated with various diseases including immune dysregulation. In this study we investigated the circadian pattern of Clock-related genes in patients with polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type III (PAS type III). METHODS Nineteen patients diagnosed with PAS type III and 12 healthy controls were enrolled. mRNA and protein expression of Clock-related genes (CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR and Per-1,-2,-3), as well as the GR-a and the GILZ genes were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis from blood samples drawn at 8 pm and 8am. Serum cortisol and TSH, as well as plasma ACTH, were measured by chemiluminescence. RESULTS There were no statistical significant differences in the metabolic profile, cortisol, ACTH and TSH levels between patients and controls. Patients with PAS type III expressed higher transcript levels of CLOCK, BMAL1 and Per-1 in the evening than in the morning (p = 0.03, p = 0.029, p = 0.013, respectively), while the ratios (Rpm/am) of GR-a, CLOCK, BMAL1, and Per-3 mRNA levels were statistically different between patients and controls. Cortisol circadian variation (Fpm/am) was positively correlated with GILZ mRNA circadian pattern (Rpm/am) in the patient group and with the GR-a mRNA (Rpm/am) in the control group. CONCLUCIONS Our findings suggest that there is an aberrant circadian rhythm of Clock-related genes in patients with PAS type III. The disruption of the expression of 4 circadian Clock-related genes could indicate a possible association with the pathogenesis of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Angelousi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Unit of Endocrinology, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Eliana Spilioti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Emilia Mantzou
- Unit on Clinical and Translational Research in Endocrinology, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kalotyxou
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - George Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Gregory Kaltsas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Unit of Endocrinology, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|