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Lin LM, Huang GTJ, Sigurdsson A, Kahler B. Clinical cell-based versus cell-free regenerative endodontics: clarification of concept and term. Int Endod J 2021; 54:887-901. [PMID: 33389773 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is no consensus on the true meaning of clinical regenerative endodontics, and there is confusion over the concept and the term. Commonly used terms include revitalization and revascularization. The clinical methods for endodontic revitalization procedures and the tissue engineering concept differ depending on whether there is exogenous delivery of cells - called cell therapy, or not. Here, in this review, the difference is clarified by emphasizing the correct terminology: cell-free versus cell-based regenerative endodontic therapy (CF-RET versus CB-RET). The revitalization procedures practised clinically do not fit into the modern tissue engineering concepts of pulp regeneration but can be categorized as CF-RET. The modern tissue engineering concept in pulp regeneration is a CB-RET, which so far is at the clinical trial stage. However, histological examination of teeth following regenerative endodontic treatments reveals healing with repair derived from stem cells that originate from the periodontal, bone and other tissues. The aim of regenerative endodontics is regeneration of the pulp-dentine complex. This review discusses why CF-RET is unlikely to regenerate a pulp-dentine complex with current protocols. The American Association of Endodontists and the European Society of Endodontology have not yet recommended autologous stem cell transplantation (CB-RERT) which aspires for regeneration. Therefore, an understanding of the concept, term, difficulties and differences in current protocols is important for the clinician. However, rather than being discouraged that ideal regeneration has not been achieved to date, repair can be an acceptable outcome in clinical regenerative endodontics as it has also been accepted in medicine. Repair should also be considered in the context that resolution of the clinical signs/symptoms of pulp necrosis/apical periodontitis is generally reliably obtained in clinical regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Lin
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - G T-J Huang
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - A Sigurdsson
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Kahler
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Iftikhar S, Jahanzeb N, Saleem M, Ur Rehman S, Matinlinna JP, Khan AS. The trends of dental biomaterials research and future directions: A mapping review. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:229-238. [PMID: 34194185 PMCID: PMC8236547 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This literature research aimed to compare, contrast and quantify the innovations in the most commonly used dental biomaterials. Methodology Original research articles based on experimental dental biomaterials published between 2007 and 2019 were retrieved and reviewed. A search of electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science indexed dental/biomaterials journals, has been conducted. The inclusion criteria in this research were: synthesis of experimental dental materials, whereas commercial dental materials, review articles, and clinical trials (case reports) were excluded. Results It was found that the amount of publications related to dental subgingival implants, computer-aided modeling ceramics, aesthetic restorative materials, adhesives cements, ceramics, bioceramics, endodontic materials, bioactive scaffolds, stem cells, and guided-tissue membranes had increased significantly from 2007. At the same time, the number of publications related to dental cements, silver amalgam, and dental alloys has decreased. For characterization of dental materials it was noted that mechanical properties were tested mostly for restorative materials. On the other hand, biological properties were most assessed for dental subgingival implants and endodontic materials, however, physical properties predominantly for bioceramics. Conclusion It is concluded that to meet clinical demands there was more focus on restorative materials that provided better aesthetics, including resin composites, adhesive resin composites (luting cements), zirconia, and other ceramics. The boost in laboratory and animal research related to bioceramics was attributed to their regenerative potential. This current literature study will help growing researchers to consider and judge the direction to which research might be guided in order to plan prospective research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundus Iftikhar
- Department of Medical Education, Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noureen Jahanzeb
- Department of Dental Materials, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mehvish Saleem
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Deanship of Library Affairs, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jukka Pekka Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, P. R. China
| | - Abdul Samad Khan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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EDTA Promotes the Mineralization of Dental Pulp In Vitro and In Vivo. J Endod 2020; 47:458-465. [PMID: 33352150 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dentin regeneration is one of the main goals of vital pulp treatment in which the biological properties of dental pulp cells (DPCs) need to be considered. In our previous study, we showed that EDTA could enhance the stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha-induced migration of DPCs. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of EDTA on the mineralization of dental pulp in vitro and in vivo. METHODS DPCs were obtained from human premolars or third molars. Alkaline phosphatase assays and alizarin red S staining were used to examine the degree of differentiation and mineralized nodule formation of DPCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the messenger RNA and protein expressions of mineralization-related markers in DPCs. Extracellular-regulated protein kinase and Smad inhibitors were used to study the roles of these 2 signaling pathways in this process. In addition, pulp exposures were created on 18 premolars of 2 beagle dogs (>12 months) using a high-speed dental handpiece. The experimental group (n = 9) was treated with 12% EDTA for 5 minutes, and the control group (n = 9) was treated with sterile saline for the same duration. Mineral trioxide aggregate was used for direct pulp capping followed by glass ionomer cement sealing. Samples were collected 3 months later, and the regenerated dentin was assessed by micro-computed tomographic and histologic analyses. RESULTS Exposure to 12% EDTA promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, the formation of mineralized nodules, and the messenger RNA and protein expressions of mineralization-related markers in DPCs. Furthermore, the process of 12% EDTA enhancing the differentiation of DPCs was mediated by the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling pathway and inhibited by the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. In vivo, compared with the control group, more regenerated dentin that had fewer tunnel defects was formed in the 12% EDTA-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that 12% EDTA could promote the mineralization of dental pulp in vitro and in vivo.
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Kharchi AS, Tagiyeva-Milne N, Kanagasingam S. Regenerative Endodontic Procedures, Disinfectants and Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Prim Dent J 2020; 9:65-84. [PMID: 33225847 DOI: 10.1177/2050168420963302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise available evidence to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes of REP involving any disinfection irrigant together with a non-antibiotic intracanal medicament. METHODS Experimental and observational studies evaluating the outcomes of REP in immature non-vital permanent teeth in 6-16 year olds, where the protocol used any type of disinfectant irrigant together with a non-antibiotic intracanal medicament (non-setting calcium hydroxide) were included. Data was narratively synthesised and presented in respect to the primary outcome (elimination of symptoms and infection) and secondary outcomes (increase in root length/width; positive response to vitality testing; patient-reported outcomes; adverse effects). MAIN FINDINGS 1628 studies were identified, of which five met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the review. Studies included one randomised control trial and four observational studies. All five studies showed an absence of clinical signs and symptoms for all teeth postoperatively with radiographic resolution or absence of pathology following the disinfection stages of the REP used. Choice of secondary outcomes were inconsistent but included further root development, coronal discolouration and root canal calcifications postoperatively. There was a high risk of bias in all five studies and subsequently the quality of the evidence base was judged to be low. PRINCIPLE CONCLUSIONS REP using a non-antibiotic disinfectant approach appears capable of providing satisfactory outcomes for a non-vital immature permanent tooth. Further high-quality research is required before solid recommendations towards clinical practice guidelines for the disinfection portion of REP can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Kharchi
- Clinical teaching fellow, University of Leeds; Associate General Dental Practitioner with a Special Interest in Endodontology
| | - Nara Tagiyeva-Milne
- Co-Director, MIPH, Lecturer (Epidemiology), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool
| | - Shalini Kanagasingam
- Senior Clinical Lecturer, Specialist Endodontist, Course Lead MSc & MClinDent Endodontology; School of Dentistry, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Matichescu A, Ardelean LC, Rusu LC, Craciun D, Bratu EA, Babucea M, Leretter M. Advanced Biomaterials and Techniques for Oral Tissue Engineering and Regeneration-A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E5303. [PMID: 33238625 PMCID: PMC7700200 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reconstruction or repair of oral and maxillofacial functionalities and aesthetics is a priority for patients affected by tooth loss, congenital defects, trauma deformities, or various dental diseases. Therefore, in dental medicine, tissue reconstruction represents a major interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery, periodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, and even daily clinical practice. The current clinical approaches involve a vast array of techniques ranging from the traditional use of tissue grafts to the most innovative regenerative procedures, such as tissue engineering. In recent decades, a wide range of both artificial and natural biomaterials and scaffolds, genes, stem cells isolated from the mouth area (dental follicle, deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental pulp, salivary glands, and adipose tissue), and various growth factors have been tested in tissue engineering approaches in dentistry, with many being proven successful. However, to fully eliminate the problems of traditional bone and tissue reconstruction in dentistry, continuous research is needed. Based on a recent literature review, this paper creates a picture of current innovative strategies applying dental stem cells for tissue regeneration in different dental fields and maxillofacial surgery, and offers detailed information regarding the available scientific data and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Matichescu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Community and Oral Health, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Lavinia Cosmina Ardelean
- Department of Technology of Materials and Devices in Dental Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Laura-Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Dragos Craciun
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Emanuel Adrian Bratu
- Department of Implant Supported Restorations, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Babucea
- Department of Oral Pathology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (L.-C.R.); (D.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Marius Leretter
- Department of Prosthodontics, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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Aspesi M, Kopper PMP, de Carvalho Deluca MC, Matte BF, Brand LM, Grecca FS, Casagrande L, Scarparo RK. Cytotoxic, migration, and angiogenic effects of intracanal irrigants on cells involved in revascularization of immature teeth. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104980. [PMID: 33217606 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate protocols of root canal irrigation and dentin pretreatment in a cell culture model simulating immature teeth. Cytotoxic, migration, and angiogenic effects of Sodium hypochlorite associated with EDTA (NaOCl/EDTA), NaOCl associated with Smear Clear (NaOCl/SC), and QMix were compared. DESIGN Three roots of mandibular first premolars had their length and root canal diameter standardized. Root canals were irrigated, and the resulting solutions were diluted in culture medium. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay was performed with apical papilla cells and with endothelial cells (HUVECs) to assess cytotoxicity. Polarity index and migration assays of apical papilla cells and sprouting of HUVECs were evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < .05). RESULTS In apical papilla cells, NaOCl/SC and QMix promoted higher cytotoxicity, decreased fraction of elongated cells, and had lower migration speed and shorter migration distance of cells compared to NaOCl/EDTA. Also, HUVECs treated with NaOCl/SC and QMix showed decreased tubule formation in comparison with NaOCl/EDTA. CONCLUSIONS NaOCl/SC and QMix showed unfavorable biological responses of cells involved in revascularization in comparison to NaOCl/EDTA. Further studies with other intracanal irrigants should be performed to improve the balance of root canal disinfection with biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aspesi
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Castello de Carvalho Deluca
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Bibiana Franzen Matte
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Meurer Brand
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Casagrande
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Kochenborger Scarparo
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Maniglia-Ferreira C, Gurgel Filho ED, Gomes FDA, Reis SA, Pappen FG. 12-Year Follow-Up of Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Immature Permanent Upper Incisors with Acute Abscess. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:680-684. [PMID: 33237241 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report discusses the endodontic treatment of a 7-year-old girl who suffered trauma (intrusion) to the immature upper central incisors secondary to a fall from a bicycle. Thirty days after the accident the patient was brought by her mother for clinical and radiographic assessment with a chief complaint of swelling and tenderness to percussion and palpation. Acute apical abscess associated with immature teeth were diagnosed. A decision was made to perform regenerative endodontic treatment. Access cavities were made and the root canals were disinfected by irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. Final irrigation was performed with 17% EDTA. Due to pain and presence of secretions, 2% chlorhexidine gel was applied as an intracanal medicament. Seven days later, at the second visit, the root canals were once again disinfected and the canals of the right and left permanent upper central incisors were filled with double antibiotic paste (metronidazole/ciprofloxacin) and calcium hydroxide paste, respectively. Zinc oxide was mixed in both pastes. At the third visit, after 21 more days, the pastes were removed and the periapical areas were stimulated with a #80 K-file to encourage clot formation within the pulp cavities. A mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) paste cervical plug was placed and the teeth were restored with glass ionomer cement. Radiographs and CBCT scans demonstrated complete root formations. The patient has been followed for 12 years, with evidence of clinical success throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Maniglia-Ferreira
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNIFOR - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Diogo Gurgel Filho
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNIFOR - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Gomes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNIFOR - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Sthefanny Amaral Reis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNIFOR - Universidade de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Geraldo Pappen
- Department of Semiology and Clinics, Diagnostic Center for Oral Diseases, School of Dentistry, UFPEL - Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Panda S, Mishra L, Arbildo-Vega HI, Lapinska B, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Khijmatgar S, Parolia A, Bucchi C, Fabbro MD. Effectiveness of Autologous Platelet Concentrates in Management of Young Immature Necrotic Permanent Teeth-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102241. [PMID: 33036462 PMCID: PMC7600252 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in regenerative endodontic procedures is inconsistent and unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous platelet concentrates compared to traditional blood-clot regeneration for the management of young, immature, necrotic, permanent teeth. The digital databases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify ten randomized clinical trials. The outcomes at postoperative follow-up, such as dentinal wall thickness (DWT), increase in root length (RL), calcific barrier formation (CB), apical closure (AC), vitality response (VR), and success rate (SR), were subjected to both qualitative synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that APCs significantly improved apical closure (risk ratio (RR) = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.37; p = 0.04) and response to vitality pulp tests (RR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.03, 2.52; p = 0.04), whereas no significant effect was observed on root lengthening, dentin wall thickness, or success rate of immature, necrotic teeth treated with regenerative endodontics. APCs could be beneficial when treating young, immature, necrotic, permanent teeth regarding better apical closure and improved response to vitality tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Panda
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Lora Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
| | - Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega
- Department of General Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo 14012, Peru;
- Department of General Dentistry, Dentistry School, Universidad Particular de Chiclayo, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (B.L.); (M.L.-S.)
| | | | - Shahnawaz Khijmatgar
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences (ABSMIDS), Department of Oral Biology and Genomic Studies, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lampur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Cristina Bucchi
- Faculty of Dentistry, CICO Research Centre, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Massimo Del Fabbro
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- Dental Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-9950; Fax: +39-02-5031-9960
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Nakashima M, Iohara K, Zayed M. Pulp Regeneration: Current Approaches, Challenges, and Novel Rejuvenating Strategies for an Aging Population. J Endod 2020; 46:S135-S142. [PMID: 32950185 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We showed the safety and efficacy of pulp regenerative therapy by the autologous transplantation of mobilized dental pulp stem cells with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in a pilot clinical study of young and middle-aged pulpectomized teeth. An experimental study in dogs further demonstrated an age-dependent decline in the amount of regenerated pulp tissue. In our society, in which people will soon live beyond 100 years, this therapy should be efficacious for contributing to the functional survival and endurance of the tooth not only for pulpectomized young teeth but also for aged teeth with periapical disease. However, there are 2 challenges: 1 is enhancing pulp regeneration in aged teeth, and another is complete disinfection before cell transplantation. Thus, this review presents trypsin pretreatment for the former and a novel irrigant, nanobubbles with antibacterial nanopolymers, for the latter, thus demonstrating potential utility for pulp regenerative therapy in aged teeth with periapical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Air Water Group, Aeras Bio Inc, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Aichi, Japan; Department of Animal Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Horsophonphong S, Sercia A, França CM, Tahayeri A, Reddy AP, Wilmarth PA, Surarit R, Smith AJ, Ferracane JL, Bertassoni LE. Equivalence of human and bovine dentin matrix molecules for dental pulp regeneration: proteomic analysis and biological function. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 119:104888. [PMID: 32932150 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare proteomics and biological function of human dentin matrix molecules (hDMMs) and bovine dentin matrix molecules (bDMMs). DESIGN Dentin powder from human or bovine teeth (n = 4) was demineralized in 10% (v/v) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 7 days. The extracts were dialyzed, lyophilized and proteins were characterized using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and shotgun proteomic analysis. To study biological function, mouse-derived undifferentiated dental pulp cells (OD21) were treated with 0.01, 0.1 or 1 μg/mL of hDMMs or bDMMs and proliferation was measured after 24 hours and 48 hours using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell migration was assessed after 24 hours using a Boyden chamber. Alizarin Red S staining was used to evaluate mineral formation. RESULTS There were 307 proteins identified, of which 93 proteins were common to both species. Gene Ontology functional analysis demonstrated similar pattern of biological process in both species which consisted mainly of tissue development and biomineralization. hDMMs and bDMMs both enhanced cell proliferation. After 24 hours, all concentrations of bDMMs promoted cell proliferation (p ≤ 0.05), while hDMMs did not affect proliferation. After 48 hours, groups with 1μg/mL of bDMMs and 0.01μg/mL of hDMMs had increased cell proliferation compared to control (p ≤ 0.0001). All concentrations of hDMMs and bDMMs enhanced cell migration and mineralization (p ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSION bDMMs has similar biological functions as hDMMs. Moreover, bDMMs stimulated cell proliferation, migration and differentiation similar to hDMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Horsophonphong
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ashley Sercia
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cristiane M França
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Anthony Tahayeri
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ashok P Reddy
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health and & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anthony J Smith
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jack L Ferracane
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center (CEDAR), Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
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Shawli H, Iohara K, Tarrosh M, Huang GTJ, Nakashima M, Azim AA. Nanobubble-Enhanced Antimicrobial Agents: A Promising Approach for Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2020; 46:1248-1255. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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63
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Fouad AF. Contemporary Microbial and Antimicrobial Considerations in Regenerative Endodontic Therapy. J Endod 2020; 46:S105-S114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Pulyodan MK, Paramel Mohan S, Valsan D, Divakar N, Moyin S, Thayyil S. Regenerative Endodontics: A Paradigm Shift in Clinical Endodontics. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S20-S26. [PMID: 33149426 PMCID: PMC7595546 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_112_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving the natural dentition in its normal form and function is one of the major goals of endodontic treatment. Re-establishing the lost vitality and development of root maturation in immature permanent teeth with pulp necrosis/apical periodontitis is quiet challenging clinically. The very basis of regenerative endodontics relies on the concept of tissue engineering using stem cells, biomimetic scaffold, and bioactive growth factors to regenerate the pulp tissue damaged by microbial infection, injury, or developmental defects. In clinical endodontics, this approach is referred to as a “paradigm shift.” Even though repair instead of true regeneration is achieved with current protocols, it is hoped that further research in the area of stem-cell-based tissue engineering will allow for true regeneration and improved treatment outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss about the various aspects of regenerative endodontics, current clinical protocols, and the future of pulp regeneration techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Pulyodan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Sunil Paramel Mohan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Dhanya Valsan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Namitha Divakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Shabna Moyin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Shamsheer Thayyil
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sree Anjaneya Institute of Dental Sciences, Calicut, Kerala, India
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65
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Ferreira LN, Puppin-Rontani RM, Pascon FM. Effect of Intracanal Medicaments and Irrigants on the Release of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor from Cervical Root Dentin. J Endod 2020; 46:1616-1622. [PMID: 32795548 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to evaluate (1) the effect of irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments on the release of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from cervical root dentin and (2) the effect of associating triple antibiotic paste (TAP) and calcium hydroxide paste (CH) with 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on TGF-β1 release. METHODS First, 119 specimens from roots (cervical thirds) were obtained and were distributed into 5 groups: 2% CHX, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, TAP, CH, and 10% EDTA by each growth factor (TGF-β1 [n = 8] and VEGF [n = 8]). Then, specimens were distributed as follows (n = 13): TAP + 2% CHX, CH + 2% CHX, and 10% EDTA and treated with irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments. After the treatments, the specimens were immersed in 10% EDTA (20 minutes), and the solution was analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The data were submitted to normality, homogeneity of variance, and Mann-Whitney tests (P < .05). RESULTS Significant differences were found between the irrigating solutions (P < .05) and intracanal medicaments for TGF-β1 (P < .05). No VEGF release was detected for any group. Our results showed no significant differences among the TAP + 2% CHX and EDTA groups for TGF-β1 but a significant difference between CH + 2% CHX and the other groups (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The use of 2% CHX as the irrigating solution, CH as the intracanal medicament, and 10% EDTA as the final irrigation provides higher TGF-β1 release from the cervical root dentin, whereas VEGF was not detected. Moreover, TAP and 2% CHX with 10% EDTA as the final irrigation resulted in greater TGF-β1 release from cervical root dentin than CH + 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Nazareth Ferreira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria Puppin-Rontani
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Miori Pascon
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil.
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66
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Iohara K, Zayed M, Takei Y, Watanabe H, Nakashima M. Treatment of Pulpectomized Teeth With Trypsin Prior to Transplantation of Mobilized Dental Pulp Stem Cells Enhances Pulp Regeneration in Aged Dogs. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:983. [PMID: 32923438 PMCID: PMC7456913 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an age-dependent decline of pulp regeneration, due to the decline of migration, proliferation, and cell survival of resident stem cells. Trypsin is a proteolytic enzyme clinically used for tissue repair. Here, we investigated the effects of trypsin pretreatment of pulpectomized teeth prior to cell transplantation on pulp regeneration in aged dogs. The amount of regenerated pulp was significantly higher in trypsin-pretreated teeth compared to untreated teeth. Trypsin pretreatment increased the number of cells attached to the dentinal wall that differentiated into odontoblast-like cells. The trypsin receptor, PAR2, was higher in vitro expression in the periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) from aged dogs compared to those from young. The direct effects of trypsin on aged PDLCs were increased expression of genes related to immunomodulation, cell survival, and extracellular matrix degradation. To examine the indirect effects on microenvironment, highly extracted proteins from aged cementum were identified by proteomic analyses. Western blotting demonstrated that significantly increased fibronectin was released by the trypsin treatment of aged cementum compared to young cementum. The aged cementum extract (CE) and dentin extract (DE) by trypsin treatment increased angiogenesis, neurite extension and migration activities as elicited by fibronectin. Furthermore, the DE significantly increased the mRNA expression of immunomodulatory factors and pulp markers in the aged DPSCs. These results demonstrated the effects of trypsin on the microenvironment in addition to the resident cells including PDLCs in the aged teeth. In conclusion, the potential utility of trypsin pretreatment to stimulate pulp regeneration in aged teeth and the underlying mechanisms were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Iohara
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan
| | - Mohammed Zayed
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan.,Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Yoshifumi Takei
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Misako Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Research Institute, Obu, Japan.,Aeras Bio Inc., Air Water Group, Kobe, Japan
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67
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Kucukkaya Eren S, Bahador Zırh E, Zeybek ND, Askerbeyli Örs S, Aksel H, Parashos P. Effect of benzalkonium chloride addition to EDTA on attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells on dentin and on transforming growth factor-β1 release. Odontology 2020; 109:313-320. [PMID: 32770280 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) addition to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) release, as well as attachment and proliferation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on dentin. A total of standard 268 human dentin disks were prepared and immersed in 1.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 5 min. The disks were rinsed with distilled water and randomly divided into seven groups. In control group, the disks received no further treatment. The remaining disks were immersed in following solutions: 17% EDTA or 17% EDTA + 0.008% BAC for 1, 5 or 10 min and rinsed with distilled water. DPSCs were seeded in part of the disks since the TGF-β1 release assay was performed with disks with and without cells. The attachment and proliferation of DPSCs on dentin disks were analyzed using lactate dehydrogenase activity and WST-1 assays, respectively. The cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The release of TGF-β1 was quantified using ELISA. Data were analyzed using three- and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections. Both EDTA solutions increased the attachment and proliferation of DPSCs (p < .05) while there was no significant difference between them (p > .05). The exposure time of both EDTA solutions had no influence on cell attachment, proliferation and TGF-β1 release (p > .05). There was no significant difference in TGF-β1 release between the control and experimental groups (p > .05). The amount of released TGF-β1 from dentin disks was similar whether or not they were seeded with cells (p > .05). Dentin treatment with either of the EDTA solutions had no effect on the amount of TGF-β1 release while both EDTA solutions improved cell attachment and proliferation on dentin surface regardless of exposure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selen Kucukkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Elham Bahador Zırh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naciye Dilara Zeybek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Askerbeyli Örs
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hacer Aksel
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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68
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Dentin Conditioning Protocol for Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. J Endod 2020; 46:1099-1104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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69
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Bosaid F, Aksel H, Makowka S, Azim AA. Surface and structural changes in root dentine by various chelating solutions used in regenerative endodontics. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1438-1445. [PMID: 32619296 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of the prolonged use of various irrigant solutions used during regenerative endodontic procedures on the physical and chemical structure of root canal dentine in extracted human teeth. METHODOLOGY Sixtyroot dentine samples from extracted, single-rooted, human teeth were assigned to 10 groups. Eight groups were irrigated with 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min, followed by 3%, 10%, 17% EDTA or 10% citric acid (CA) for 5 or 10 min. One group received only NaOCl irrigation, and samples with only distilled water irrigation were used as a control group. The changes in microhardness and flexural strength were determined using Vickers and 3-point flexural tester, respectively. Molecular and elemental compositions were recorded using FTIR and EDS spectroscopy. Data were analysed using one-way anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS The application of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min did not affect the mineral content or microhardness of dentine (P > 0.05). However, it significantly decreased the dentine collagen peak values (P < 0.05), which was similar to the control group after the use of chelating agents (EDTA and 10% of CA) (P > 0.05). The effect of EDTA on the inorganic content was not concentration and time dependent (P > 0.05). CA resulted in a significantly greater reduction in the inorganic contents compared with the control and EDTA groups (P < 0.05). Regardless of the time, EDTA and CA significantly decreased dentine microhardness compared to the control (P < 0.05) with the greatest reduction in the CA groups (P < 0.05). NaOCl alone was associated with the lowest flexural strength, while none of the other irrigation regimens significantly decreased the flexural strength compared to the control group (P> 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Use of 1.5% NaOCl for 5 min decreased the collagen content of samples of human dentine from extracted teeth while EDTA and 10% citric acid mostly affected the inorganic content and microhardness of dentine surfaces. None of the irrigant solutions significantly decreased the mechanical properties of the entire dentine specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bosaid
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - H Aksel
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - S Makowka
- Dental Materials Research Laboratory, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - A A Azim
- Division of Endodontics, University at Buffalo, School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Ayoub S, Cheayto A, Bassam S, Najar M, Berbéri A, Fayyad-Kazan M. The Effects of Intracanal Irrigants and Medicaments on Dental-Derived Stem Cells Fate in Regenerative Endodontics: An update. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 16:650-660. [PMID: 32394343 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics is a biologically based treatment designed for immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp to replace dentin and root structures, as well as dental pulp cells. This procedure has become a part of novel modality in endodontics therapeutic manner, and it is considered as an alternative to apexification. In the last decade, numerous case reports, which describe this procedure, have been published. This therapeutic approach succeeded due to its lower financial cost and ease of performance. Although the clinical protocol of this procedure is not standardized and the effects of irrigants and medicaments on dental stem cells fate remain somewhat ambiguous, however when successful, it is an improvement of endodontics treatment protocols which leads to continued root development, increased dentinal wall thickness, and apical closure of immature teeth. To ensure a successful regenerative procedure, it is essential to investigate the appropriate disinfection protocols and the use of biocompatible molecules in order to control the release of growth factors and the differentiation of stem cells. This is the first review in the literature to summarize the present knowledge regarding the effect of intracanal irrigants and medicaments on the dental derived stem cells fate in regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayoub
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Cheayto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sanaa Bassam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Genetics and Immune Cell Therapy Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco.,Osteoarthritis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Research Center (CRCHUM), University of Montreal Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Berbéri
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Laboratory of Cancer biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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An Immunofluorescence Study to Analyze Wound Healing Outcomes of Regenerative Endodontics in an Immature Premolar with Chronic Apical Abscess. J Endod 2020; 46:627-640. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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72
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Shi X, Mao J, Liu Y. Pulp stem cells derived from human permanent and deciduous teeth: Biological characteristics and therapeutic applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:445-464. [PMID: 31943813 PMCID: PMC7103623 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pulp stem cells (PSCs) include dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from dental pulp tissues of human extracted permanent teeth and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED). Depending on their multipotency and sensitivity to local paracrine activity, DPSCs and SHED exert therapeutic applications at multiple levels beyond the scope of the stomatognathic system. This review is specifically concentrated on PSC-updated biological characteristics and their promising therapeutic applications in (pre)clinical practice. Biologically, distinguished from conventional mesenchymal stem cell markers in vitro, NG2, Gli1, and Celsr1 have been evidenced as PSC markers in vivo. Both perivascular cells and glial cells account for PSC origin. Therapeutically, endodontic regeneration is where PSCs hold the most promises, attributable of PSCs' robust angiogenic, neurogenic, and odontogenic capabilities. More recently, the interplay between cell homing and liberated growth factors from dentin matrix has endowed a novel approach for pulp-dentin complex regeneration. In addition, PSC transplantation for extraoral tissue repair and regeneration has achieved immense progress, following their multipotential differentiation and paracrine mechanism. Accordingly, PSC banking is undergoing extensively with the intent of advancing tissue engineering, disease remodeling, and (pre)clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of OrthodonticsPeking University School and Hospital of StomatologyBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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Ivica A, Deari S, Patcas R, Weber FE, Zehnder M. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Distribution and Content in the Root Dentin of Young Mature and Immature Human Premolars. J Endod 2020; 46:641-647. [PMID: 32139264 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a key morphogen in regenerative endodontics; yet, its location within the hard tissue phase of dentin and its availability in mature roots have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Young mature (n = 8) and immature (n = 11) roots from sound premolars were obtained from 13 orthodontic patients aged 17 ± 1 and 12 ± 1 years, respectively. Roots were cleaned of organic remnants in 5% sodium hypochlorite. The width of the minor foramen was measured using a digital microscope. TGF-β1 distribution was assessed in 3 roots per group by immunostaining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. The root dentin of the remaining 13 roots was powdered and decalcified in 17% EDTA to determine the overall levels of hard tissue-embedded TGF-β1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were compared between groups using the Student t test (α = .05). RESULTS The minor foramen was 168 ± 49 μm versus 557 ± 295 μm in mature compared with immature roots (P < .05). TGF-β1 was highly stainable toward the pulp space in both groups. It was clearly associated with peritubular dentin and apparently absent in nontubular outer dentin. TGF-β1 content was 115 ± 31 pg and 74 ± 35 pg/100 mg mature versus immature root dentin, respectively (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 is deposited into the peritubular dentin. It should be possible to release this molecule in regenerative endodontic procedures from young mature roots as well as immature roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ivica
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shengjile Deari
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Patcas
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Zehnder
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Duarte Campos DF, Zhang S, Kreimendahl F, Köpf M, Fischer H, Vogt M, Blaeser A, Apel C, Esteves-Oliveira M. Hand-held bioprinting for de novo vascular formation applicable to dental pulp regeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:205-215. [PMID: 31284786 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1640217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim of the study: Deep carious lesions may cause irreversible pulpitis and the current endodontic treatment typically removes the whole dental pulp tissue, which finally reduces lifespan of the teeth. Nowadays, the most frequent treatment is based on removing the infected tissue and filling the root canal with inert synthetic materials. Tissue engineering approaches are important alternatives to the current treatment, because they can potentially maintain the biological function of the tooth instead of sacrificing it.Materials and Methods: In this study, we propose a tissue engineering approach based on a hand-held in situ bioprinting strategy. Our approach enabled bioprinting of cell-loaded collagen-based bioinks with suitable rheological, structural and biological properties, which allowed for vasculogenesis in the root canal.Results: The rheological properties of the bioprintable bioink were measured by oscillatory amplitude sweep testing and were corroborated by macroscopic evaluation after in vitro culture, in which printed bioinks maintained their original form without contraction. Moreover, we showed evidence for successful vasculogenesis in bioprintable bioinks with comparable quality and quantity to control fibrin and collagen non-bioprintable hydrogels.Conclusions: We conclude that hand-held bioprinting holds potential for in situ treatment of dental diseases with successful evidence for vascular tube formation, as an asset for maintenance of the biological function of the tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Duarte Campos
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kreimendahl
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marius Köpf
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Fischer
- Department of Dental Materials and Biomaterials Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Vogt
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Blaeser
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Medical Textiles and Biofabrication, Institut fuer Textiltechnik, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME - Applied Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Directional Migration and Odontogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Induced by Dentin Coated with Nanobioactive Glass. J Endod 2020; 46:216-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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76
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Rossi-Fedele G, Kahler B, Venkateshbabu N. Limited Evidence Suggests Benefits of Single Visit Revascularization Endodontic Procedures - A Systematic Review. Braz Dent J 2019; 30:527-535. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201902670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Revascularization endodontic procedures commonly require multiple treatment sessions. However, single visit procedures may be advantageous from the clinical and patient management standpoints. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the outcomes of single-visit revascularization endodontic procedures for the management of immature permanent teeth with non-vital pulp. Two electronic databases (Scopus and PubMed) were searched, from their inception to July 2018, for studies that assessed clinical and/or radiographic and/or histologic outcomes of single-visit revascularization endodontic procedures performed in immature permanent teeth with non-vital pulp. Case reports, animal studies and clinical trials were included. The quality of case reports was appraised by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Reports. The quality of randomized clinical trials was assessed by the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials. The risk of bias for animal studies was assessed using SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Tabulation followed by narrative synthesis was used to draw conclusions. Seven studies satisfied the selection criteria. Five were classified as case reports, one as a randomized clinical trial and one as animal study. The latter presented with a high risk of bias, whilst the remaining showed a low risk. The evidence supporting the potential use of single-visit revascularization endodontic procedures is scarce. Successful single-visit revascularization endodontic procedures commonly include the use of high concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA combined with the use of agitation systems. Further clinical trials with long term follow up are needed to confirm the results of the current review.
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Ramenzoni LL, Hirsiger C, Weber FE, Attin T, Schmidlin PR. Similar inductive effects of enamel and dentin matrix derivatives on osteoblast-like cell response over SLA titanium surface. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 109:104552. [PMID: 31541843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the behavior of osteoblasts on titanium discs under different concentrations of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and dentin matrix derivative (DMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultivated on coated titanium SLA discs with EMD or DMD at 100 μg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 30 mg/ml or left uncoated. Cell viability, proliferation, adhesion and migration were assessed respectively with MTT, BrdU, DAPI and scratch wound healing assays. Messenger ribonucleic acid of different genes related to osteoblastic differentiation was quantified by means of real-time quantitative PCR. Data were analyzed using student t-test for adhesion and migration assay and ANOVA for proliferation assay (p < 0.05). RESULTS BrdU incorporation was found in proliferative osteoblasts for both test solutions at all concentrations. Osteoblast migrated and covered approximately 70% of the wound area observed at time zero when exposed to EMD and DMD to all concentrations. The increase of gene expression was dependent on the concentration enhancement of EMD and DMD. Higher concentrations showed proliferation augmentation if compared to lower concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Roughness surface of Ti SLA can limit cell adhesion independent of the presence EMD or DMD. DMD enhances cell migration of osteoblasts on SLA titanium implants in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - C Hirsiger
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Division of Cranio-Maxilo-Facial and Oral Surgery, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory of Applied Periodontal and Peri-implantitis Sciences, Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gougousis K, Giannakoulas DG, Taraslia V, Agrafioti A, Anastasiadou E, Kontakiotis EG. Number of Dental Stem Cells on Root Canal Dentin after Application of Triple Antibiotic Paste or Calcium Hydroxide: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:161-165. [PMID: 31480089 PMCID: PMC6777155 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1688733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of stem cells from exfoliated and deciduous teeth (SHED) on dentin surface treated with triple antibiotic paste or calcium hydroxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine single-rooted extracted premolars were prepared appropriately and divided into three groups. In group A, the root canals were left empty, a triple antibiotic paste was placed in the root canals of group B, and calcium hydroxide was placed in the root canals of group C. After 1 week, the intracanal medicaments were removed, and stem cells were seeded on the treated surface of the specimens for 1 more week. The cells were stained and then observed under confocal microscope over the entire surface of each test material. Counting of the cells was made by Image J (3D) software, as well as manually. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS To investigate any statistically significant differences between the experimental groups, statistical tests including Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-test were performed. Significance level was set to P < 0.05, and all analyses were performed with SPSS IBM program, v. 21. RESULTS Groups B and C showed statistically significantly higher number of cells compared to Group A, whereas cells developed in a substrate of calcium hydroxide residues appeared in majority with distinct cores and widened unlike other groups. CONCLUSIONS The effect of calcium hydroxide manifested better results regarding the number of stems cells on root canal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Gougousis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Giannakoulas
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Taraslia
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Agrafioti
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Department of Genetics and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos G Kontakiotis
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Buldur B, Oznurhan F, Kaptan A. The effect of different chelating agents on the push-out bond strength of proroot mta and endosequence root repair material. Eur Oral Res 2019; 53:88-93. [PMID: 31309199 PMCID: PMC6614689 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20191618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 7% maleic acid (MA), and 10% citric acid (CA) on the push-out bond strength of ProRooT MTA and Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty. Materials and methods Eighty single-rooted extracted human teeth were instrumented to obtain a standardized immature teeth model. Based on the chelating agents tested, the specimens were randomly divided into three experimental groups: Group 1 (17% EDTA), Group 2 (7% MA), Group 3 (10% CA), and Group 4 (Positive Control) (n=20 for each group). Each group was further classified into two subgroups: Group A (ProRoot MTA) and Group B (Endosequence Root Repair Material (ERRM) putty) (n=10 for each subgroup). After irrigation and placement of cements, teeth were stored at 37°C and in 100% humidity for a week. A total of 240 dentine discs (three discs per teeth) were obtained and subjected to push-out assay. Data was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc t-test. Results Both types of chelating agent and calcium silicate-based cement were significantly associated with the push-out bond strength values. The push-out bond strength was significantly less for CA as compared to EDTA or MA. ERRM had higher bond strength values than ProRoot MTA (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of chelating agents increased the push-out bond strength of CSC. Regardless of tested chelating agents, ERRM had higher bond strength values than ProRoot MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Buldur
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
| | - Fatih Oznurhan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
| | - Arife Kaptan
- Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Sivas,Turkey
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Bucchi C, Marcé‐Nogué J, Galler KM, Widbiller M. Biomechanical performance of an immature maxillary central incisor after revitalization: a finite element analysis. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1508-1518. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Bucchi
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department of Integral Adult Dentistry, Research Centre for Dental Sciences Universidad de La Frontera Temuco Chile
| | - J. Marcé‐Nogué
- Center of Natural History University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - K. M. Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - M. Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology University Hospital Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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Bjørndal L, Simon S, Tomson PL, Duncan HF. Management of deep caries and the exposed pulp. Int Endod J 2019; 52:949-973. [PMID: 30985944 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caries prevalence remains high throughout the world, with the burden of disease increasingly affecting older and socially disadvantaged groups in Western cultures. If left untreated, caries will advance through dentine stimulating pulpitis and eventually pulp infection and necrosis; however, if conservatively managed, pulpal recovery occurs even in deep carious lesions. Traditionally, deep caries management was destructive with nonselective (complete) removal of all carious dentine; however, the promotion of minimally invasive biologically based treatment strategies has been advocated for selective (partial) caries removal and a reduced risk of pulp exposure. Selective caries removal strategies can be one-visit as indirect pulp treatment or two-visit using a stepwise approach. Management strategies for the treatment of the cariously exposed pulp are also shifting with avoidance of pulpectomy and the re-emergence of vital pulp treatment (VPT) techniques such as partial and complete pulpotomy. These changes stem from an improved understanding of the pulp-dentine complex's defensive and reparative response to irritation, with harnessing the release of bioactive dentine matrix components and careful handling of the damaged tissue considered critical. Notably, the development of new pulp capping materials such as mineral trioxide aggregate, which although not an ideal material, has resulted in more predictable treatments from both a histological and a clinical perspective. Unfortunately, the changes in management are only supported by relatively weak evidence with case series, cohort studies and preliminary studies containing low patient numbers forming the bulk of the evidence. As a result, critical questions related to the superiority of one caries removal technique over another, the best pulp capping biomaterial or whether pulp exposure is a negative prognostic factor remain unanswered. There is an urgent need to promote minimally invasive treatment strategies in Operative Dentistry and Endodontology; however, the development of accurate diagnostic tools, evidence-based management strategies and education in management of the exposed pulp are critical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bjørndal
- Cariology and Endodontics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Simon
- Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,Hôpital de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France.,Laboratoire IN SERM UMR 1138, Paris, France
| | - P L Tomson
- School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - H F Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Liu L, Leng S, Yue J, Lu Q, Xu W, Yi X, Huang D, Zhang L. EDTA Enhances Stromal Cell–derived Factor 1α–induced Migration of Dental Pulp Cells by Up-regulating Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression. J Endod 2019; 45:599-605.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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83
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Pelissari C, Paris AFC, Mantesso A, Trierveiler M. Apical Papilla Cells Are Capable of Forming a Pulplike Tissue with Odontoblastlike Cells without the Use of Exogenous Growth Factors. J Endod 2019; 44:1671-1676. [PMID: 30409448 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental pulp is a complex tissue with highly differentiated cells, which makes its reconstruction a challenging task. The apical papilla is an undifferentiated tissue considered as the remnant of the dental papilla that forms the dentin-pulp complex. Aiming to analyze morphologic features of the tissue formed in an in vivo pulp model, we used human apical papilla as a cell source without the use of exogenous growth factors. METHODS A construct was built using newborn mice molar crowns treated with TrypLE (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK) and EDTA. The crowns were filled with PuraMatrix (Corning Inc, Corning, NY) and a pool population of human apical papilla cells. As a control, we used crowns filled only with PuraMatrix and empty crowns. The constructs were transplanted under severe combined immunodeficient mice kidney capsules. Immunohistochemistry for lamin A, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1 was performed. RESULTS Morphologic analysis of all transplanted crowns showed the formation of a loose connective tissue of variable cellularity with the presence of well-formed functional vessels. In the study group, lamin A-positive cells represented the majority of cells within the pulp chamber and a few cells in the vessel lining. We also found positivity for dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein 1, an indicator of odontoblast differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In our study model, human transplanted apical papilla cells mixed with the host cells and formed a vascularized viable tissue, and these cells were able to differentiate into odontoblastlike cells without the use of exogenous growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Pelissari
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana F C Paris
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mantesso
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Trierveiler
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology in Dentistry-LABITRON, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Deniz Sungur D, Aksel H, Ozturk S, Yılmaz Z, Ulubayram K. Effect of dentine conditioning with phytic acid or etidronic acid on growth factor release, dental pulp stem cell migration and viability. Int Endod J 2019; 52:838-846. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Deniz Sungur
- Department of Endodontics Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Aksel
- Department of Endodontics Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry Ankara Turkey
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics School of Dental Medicine University at Buffalo Buffalo NY USA
| | - S. Ozturk
- Bioengineering Department Gebze Technical University KocaeliTurkey
- Bioengineering Division Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Hacettepe University AnkaraTurkey
| | - Z. Yılmaz
- Department of Endodontics Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry Ankara Turkey
| | - K. Ulubayram
- Bioengineering Division Institute for Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Hacettepe University AnkaraTurkey
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey
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85
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Biomimetic Conditioning of Human Dentin Using Citric Acid. J Endod 2019; 45:45-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tziafas D, Kodonas K, Gogos C, Tziafa C, Papadimitriou S. EDTA conditioning of circumpulpal dentine induces dentinogenic events in pulpotomized miniature swine teeth. Int Endod J 2018; 52:656-664. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Tziafas
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences Dubai United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - S. Papadimitriou
- School of Veterinary Medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece
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Proksch S, Galler KM. Scaffold Materials and Dental Stem Cells in Dental Tissue Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-018-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Purpose of Review To summarize current views on the role and therapeutic potential of growth factors (GFs) within endodontic cell homing. Recent Findings Cell homing/revitalization techniques aim to regenerate dentin and pulp using endogenous cells. Clinically, revitalization has successfully created new vital tissue in necrotic permanent teeth with an open apex; however, there is no evidence of new odontoblasts, pulp tissue, or predictable extension in root length. Although the response is reparative rather than regenerative, exciting opportunities to improve these biologically-based strategies remain by (1) efficiently sequestering dentin-matrix-components (DMCs) using irrigants and dental materials (2) designing next-generation GF-releasing scaffold materials and (3) utilizing other sources of GF such as cells and plasma-rich plasma and plasma-rich fibrin. Summary GFs can promote reparative-dentinogenesis and pulp-like tissue formation. The future development and clinical approval of GF-functionalized-scaffolds is a priority; however, current focus should be to harness DMCs and target the interaction of stem cells and GFs.
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Imaging of growth factors on a human tooth root canal by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7113-7120. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1311-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Kim SG, Malek M, Sigurdsson A, Lin LM, Kahler B. Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1367-1388. [PMID: 29777616 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The European Society of Endodontology and the American Association for Endodontists have released position statements and clinical considerations for regenerative endodontics. There is increasing literature on this field since the initial reports of Iwaya et al. (Dental Traumatology, 17, 2001, 185) and Banchs & Trope (Journal of Endodontics, 30, 2004, 196). Endogenous stem cells from an induced periapical bleeding and scaffolds using blood clot, platelet rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin have been utilized in regenerative endodontics. This approach has been described as a 'paradigm shift' and considered the first treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. There are three treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontics; (i) resolution of clinical signs and symptoms; (ii) further root maturation; and (iii) return of neurogenesis. It is known that results are variable for these objectives, and true regeneration of the pulp/dentine complex is not achieved. Repair derived primarily from the periodontal and osseous tissues has been shown histologically. It is hoped that with the concept of tissue engineering, namely stem cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules, that true pulp regeneration is an achievable goal. This review discusses current knowledge as well as future directions for regenerative endodontics. Patient-centred outcomes such as tooth discolouration and possibly more appointments with the potential for adverse effects needs to be discussed with patients and parents. Based on the classification of Cvek (Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 8, 1992, 45), it is proposed that regenerative endodontics should be considered for teeth with incomplete root formation although teeth with near or complete root formation may be more suited for conventional endodontic therapy or MTA barrier techniques. However, much is still not known about clinical and biological aspects of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kim
- Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Malek
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sigurdsson
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Lin
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Kahler
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
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Widbiller M, Driesen RB, Eidt A, Lambrichts I, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Schmalz G, Galler KM. Cell Homing for Pulp Tissue Engineering with Endogenous Dentin Matrix Proteins. J Endod 2018; 44:956-962.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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92
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Miller AA, Takimoto K, Wealleans J, Diogenes A. Effect of 3 Bioceramic Materials on Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla Proliferation and Differentiation Using a Dentin Disk Model. J Endod 2018; 44:599-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dynamic Irrigation Promotes Apical Papilla Cell Attachment in an Ex Vivo Immature Root Canal Model. J Endod 2018; 44:744-750. [PMID: 29550003 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of dentin preconditioning techniques in regenerative endodontic procedures is currently promising. Several growth factors have been detected on dentin after ultrasonic irrigation with EDTA. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dynamic irrigation with different solution regimens on apical papilla cell (APC) attachment in an ex vivo immature tooth model. METHODS Various dynamic irrigation techniques, needle irrigation (NI), NI with EndoActivator, and NI with passive ultrasonic irrigation, were used with different solution regimens, normal saline solution (NSS), EDTA, and chlorhexidine digluconate followed by EDTA, in enlarged root canal models where calcium hydroxide-medicated dentin slices were inserted. The initial number of attached fibronectin-positive APCs was counted. Dentin surface morphology was also inspected by using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The number of APCs was significantly greater in the dynamic irrigation groups than in the control group (P < .001). Greater APC numbers were observed in the groups in which NSS was used than in those in which EDTA or chlorhexidine digluconate/EDTA was used, when using the same techniques (P < .001). Cell numbers were similar at all levels of the root canals; however, in the ultrasonically supplemented group irrigated with NSS, the number of attached cells was significantly increased at the middle and apical levels (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The use of dynamic irrigation techniques in an immature tooth model definitely promoted APC attachment to calcium hydroxide-medicated dentin. Furthermore, when NSS was used as a final irrigant, the number of attached cells was significantly increased.
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Widbiller M, Eidt A, Wölflick M, Lindner SR, Schweikl H, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Galler KM. Interactive effects of LPS and dentine matrix proteins on human dental pulp stem cells. Int Endod J 2018; 51:877-888. [PMID: 29377169 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the combinatorial effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracted dentine matrix proteins (eDMP) on regenerative and inflammatory responses in human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODOLOGY Culture media were supplemented with several concentrations of LPS, eDMP and combinations of both. Cell viability was assessed over 1 week by MTT assay; cell survival was evaluated after 24 h and 7 days by flow cytometry. The expression of mineralization-associated marker genes was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To analyse the inflammatory response, secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) was quantified in the initial and the late phase of cell culture by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were treated nonparametrically and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to compare all experimental groups (α = 0.05). RESULTS Whereas LPS had no impact on viability, eDMP led to a concentration-dependent decrease, which was significant after 7 days (P ≤ 0.024). A moderate decline of cell survival induced by LPS was detected after 48 h (P ≤ 0.026), whereas eDMP was able to reverse this effect. eDMP alone caused increased expression of tested marker genes, LPS had no regulatory effect. Combined eDMP and LPS induced an upregulation of collagen type I and osteocalcin, whereas expression levels of dentine matrix acidic phosphoprotein and dentine sialophosphoprotein were similar to the control. IL-6-secretion was increased by LPS over time. eDMP markedly elevated initial production of IL-6 (P ≤ 0.002), but suppressed LPS-induced cytokine production in the later phase. CONCLUSIONS Lipopolysaccharide did not affect cell viability but interfered with odontoblast-like cell differentiation of DPSCs. Proteins from the dentine matrix may have a protective effect, attenuate the detrimental impact of LPS and thus play an important role during pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Widbiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Eidt
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Wölflick
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S R Lindner
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - H Schweikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-A Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - W Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K M Galler
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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95
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Araújo LB, Cosme-Silva L, Fernandes AP, Oliveira TMD, Cavalcanti BDN, Gomes Filho JE, Sakai VT. Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate, BiodentineTM and calcium hydroxide on viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. J Appl Oral Sci 2018; 26:e20160629. [PMID: 29412365 PMCID: PMC5777405 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of the capping materials mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium hydroxide (CH) and BiodentineTM (BD) on stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in vitro. SHED were cultured for 1 - 7 days in medium conditioned by incubation with MTA, BD or CH (1 mg/mL), and tested for viability (MTT assay) and proliferation (SRB assay). Also, the migration of serum-starved SHED towards conditioned media was assayed in companion plates, with 8 μm-pore-sized membranes, for 24 h. Gene expression of dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) was evaluated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Regular culture medium with 10% FBS (without conditioning) and culture medium supplemented with 20% FBS were used as controls. MTA, CH and BD conditioned media maintained cell viability and allowed continuous SHED proliferation, with CH conditioned medium causing the highest positive effect on proliferation at the end of the treatment period (compared with BD and MTA) (p<0.05). In contrast, we observed increased SHED migration towards BD and MTA conditioned media (compared with CH) (p<0.05). A greater amount of DMP-1 gene was expressed in MTA group compared with the other groups from day 7 up to day 21. Our results show that the three capping materials are biocompatible, maintain viability and stimulate proliferation, migration and differentiation in a key dental stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Borges Araújo
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Leopoldo Cosme-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Marchini de Oliveira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, Departamento de Odontopediatria, Ortodontia e Saúde Coletiva, Bauru, São Paulo, Brasil
| | | | - João Eduardo Gomes Filho
- Univ. Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vivien Thiemy Sakai
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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96
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Hashimoto K, Kawashima N, Ichinose S, Nara K, Noda S, Okiji T. EDTA Treatment for Sodium Hypochlorite-treated Dentin Recovers Disturbed Attachment and Induces Differentiation of Mouse Dental Papilla Cells. J Endod 2017; 44:256-262. [PMID: 29275854 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disturbance of cellular attachment to dentin by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) may hamper pulp tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to examine the recovering effect of EDTA on the attachment/differentiation of stemlike cells and to address the mechanisms of EDTA-induced recovery under the hypothesis that attachment to the exposed dentin matrix and the subsequent activation of integrin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling play a crucial role. METHODS Mouse dental papilla (MDP) cells were cultured on bovine dentin disks treated with NaOCl (0%, 1.5%, or 6%) followed by EDTA (0%, 3%, or 17%). Cell attachment was evaluated by cell density, viability, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Odonto-/osteoblastic gene expression in attached MDP cells was analyzed with or without a pan-PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS NaOCl treatment (1.5%, 10 minutes) significantly diminished attached MDP cells (P < .00001), but EDTA treatment (3% and 17%, ≥10 minutes) of NaOCl-pretreated dentin induced a significant increase in attached cells (P < .05). Ultrastructurally, MDP cells on EDTA-treated dentin showed attachment to exposed collagen fibers. MDP cells cultured on EDTA-treated disks (with or without 1.5% NaOCl pretreatment) showed significant up-regulation of alkaline phosphatase, dentin matrix protein 1, and dentin sialophosphoprotein messenger RNAs (P < .05). Alkaline phosphatase expression was down-regulated by LY294002 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Under the present experimental conditions, 10 minutes of EDTA treatment was sufficient to recover attachment/differentiation of MDP cells on 1.5% NaOCl-pretreated dentin. EDTA-induced exposure of collagen fibers and subsequent activation of integrin/PI3K signaling may contribute, at least partly, to the recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shizuko Ichinose
- Research Center for Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nara
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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97
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Kahler B, Chugal N, Lin LM. Alkaline Materials and Regenerative Endodontics: A Review. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10121389. [PMID: 29206139 PMCID: PMC5744324 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Periapical health is the primary goal of endodontic treatment in mature and immature teeth. In addition, the goals of treatment of immature teeth with arrested root development include root growth to length and maturation of the apex, as well as thickening of the canal wall. These goals are valid for immature teeth that have been subjected to trauma and dental caries or that are the result of developmental anomalies that expose the tooth to the risk of pulp necrosis and consequently result in the cessation of root maturation. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) have been described as a “paradigm shift” in the treatment of immature teeth with pulp necrosis and underdeveloped roots, as there is the potential for further root maturation and return of vitality. Treatment with REPs is advocated as the treatment of choice for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. REP protocols involve the use of alkaline biomaterials, primarily sodium hypochlorite, calcium hydroxide, mineral trioxide aggregates and Biodentine, and are the essential components of a successful treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Kahler
- The School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Nadia Chugal
- School of Dentistry, UCLA, CHS A3-075, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA.
| | - Louis M Lin
- College of Dentistry, New York University, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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98
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Lin LM, Kahler B. A review of regenerative endodontics: current protocols and future directions. J Istanb Univ Fac Dent 2017; 51:S41-S51. [PMID: 29354308 PMCID: PMC5750827 DOI: 10.17096/jiufd.53911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the biological basis and clinical
protocols currently used in regenerative endodontic
procedures (REPs) and discuss future directions in pulp
regeneration approaches. The treatment of immature teeth
with REPs has been described as a ‘paradigm shift’ as
there is the potential for further root maturation. Clinically,
REPs involve disinfection of the root canal system without
damaging the endogenous stem cell potential present in
the apical papilla and other tissues. These stems cells are
introduced into the root canal space by inducing a blood
clot followed by placement of an intracanal barrier to
prevent microleakage. The biological concept of REPs
involves the triad of stem cells, scaffold and signalling
molecules. Currently, repair rather than true regeneration
of the ‘pulp-dentine complex’ is achieved and further root
maturation is variable. However, may clinicians consider
the treatment of teeth with REPs as the optimal treatment
approach for immature teeth with pulp necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Lin
- Department of Endodontics New York University College of Dentistry 345 East 24th Street New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Bill Kahler
- School of Dentistry The University of Queensland Oral Health Centre 288 Herston Road, Corner Bramston Terrace and Herston Road Herston QLD 4006 Australia
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Timmerman A, Parashos P. Bleaching of a Discolored Tooth with Retrieval of Remnants after Successful Regenerative Endodontics. J Endod 2017; 44:93-97. [PMID: 29079055 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This report presents the retrieval of remnants from a discolored mandibular right second premolar (tooth #29) of a 17-year-old female after a successful regenerative endodontic procedure (REP). METHODS The REP was performed in October 2011. Coronal discoloration became of great concern to the patient at a review visit in 2016. A cone-beam computed tomographic scan was taken to investigate the formation of hard tissues within the root canal as well as a region of no calcified tissue formation. During internal bleaching of tooth #29, a black material with particulate inclusions was retrieved and examined histopathologically. RESULTS Five years after the REP, there was complete periapical healing, hard tissue formation within the root canal, and complete maturation of the root apex. A hard tissue bridge was noted at the cementoenamel junction when the pulp chamber of #29 was reaccessed. The remnants retrieved from the pulp chamber were confirmed to be partly mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). A normal tooth color was achieved after 3 weeks of internal bleaching. CONCLUSIONS MTA remnants within the pulp chamber contributed to the tooth discoloration and appear to have obstructed hard tissue formation. A matrix of oxidized regenerated cellulose seems not to hinder tissue regeneration and is resorbed by these tissues. Other materials with color stability should be selected as coronal barriers for REPs to avoid a potential adverse effect of the MTA on the REP outcome and discoloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aovana Timmerman
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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