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Han S, Qi Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Liang H. Exosomal Long Non-Coding RNA: Interaction Between Cancer Cells and Non-Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:617837. [PMID: 33520726 PMCID: PMC7840842 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.617837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membranous vesicles released by many kinds of cells, and are indispensable in cell-to-cell communication by delivering functional biological components both locally and systemically. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are long transcripts over 200 nucleotides that exhibit no or limited protein-coding potentials. LncRNAs are dramatic gene expression regulators, and can be selectively sorted into exosomes. Exosomal lncRNAs derived from cancer cells and stromal cells can mediate the generation of pre-metastatic niches (PMNs) and thus promote the progression of cancer. In this review, we summarized the fundamental biology and characteristics of exosomal lncRNAs. Besides, we provided an overview of current research on functions of exosomal lncRNAs between cancer cells and non-cancer cells. A deep understanding of exosomal lncRNAs' role in cancer will be facilitated to find important implications for cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenqi Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqiang Qi
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, China
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52
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Liu Y, Xia Y, Qiu CH. Functions of CD169 positive macrophages in human diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 2020; 14:26. [PMID: 33408860 PMCID: PMC7780751 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD169+ macrophages are a unique type of macrophage subset that differ from M1 and M2 macrophages. CD169+ macrophages are present in multiple tissues and organs throughout the body and are primarily expressed in secondary lymphoid organs. These cells are primarily divided across three locations in secondary lymphoid organs: The metallophilic marginal zone of the spleen, the subcapsular sinus and the medulla of the lymph nodes. Due to their unique location distribution in vivo and the presence of the CD169 molecule on their surfaces, CD169+ macrophages are reported to serve important roles in several processes, such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation, immune tolerance, viral infection and inflammatory responses. At the same time, it has been reported that CD169+ macrophages may also serve an important role in anti-tumour immunity. The present review focuses on the research progress surrounding the function of CD169+ macrophages in a variety of diseases, such as viral infection, autoimmune diseases and tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hong Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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53
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Current Status on Therapeutic Molecules Targeting Siglec Receptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122691. [PMID: 33333862 PMCID: PMC7765293 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type of lectins (Siglecs) are receptors that recognize sialic acid-containing glycans. In the majority of the cases, Siglecs are expressed on immune cells and play a critical role in regulating immune cell signaling. Over the years, it has been shown that the sialic acid-Siglec axis participates in immunological homeostasis, and that any imbalance can trigger different pathologies, such as autoimmune diseases or cancer. For all this, different therapeutics have been developed that bind to Siglecs, either based on antibodies or being smaller molecules. In this review, we briefly introduce the Siglec family and we compile a description of glycan-based molecules and antibody-based therapies (including CAR-T and bispecific antibodies) that have been designed to therapeutically targeting Siglecs.
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54
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Bilusic M, Girardi D, Zhou Y, Jung K, Pei J, Slifker M, Chen Q, Meerzaman D, Alpaugh K, Young D, Flieder D, Gray P, Plimack E. Molecular Profiling of Exceptional Responders to Cancer Therapy. Oncologist 2020; 26:186-195. [PMID: 33210795 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vast majority of metastatic cancers cannot be cured. Palliative treatment may relieve disease symptoms by stopping or slowing cancer growth and may prolong patients' lives, but almost all patients will inevitably develop disease progression after initial response. However, for reasons that are not fully understood, a very few patients will have extraordinary durable responses to standard anticancer treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed exceptional responders treated at Fox Chase Cancer Center between September 2009 and November 2017. An exceptional response was defined as a complete response lasting more than 1 year or a partial response or stable disease for more than 2 years. Tumor samples were analyzed using an Ambry Genetics test kit with a 142-gene panel. Messenger RNA expression was evaluated using NanoString's nCounter PanCancer Pathways Panel and Immune Profiling Panel and compared with matched controls for gender, age, and cancer type. RESULTS Twenty-six exceptional responders with metastatic bladder, kidney, breast, lung, ovarian, uterine, and colon cancers were enrolled. Mutations were identified in 45 genes. The most common mutation was an EPHA5 nonsynonymous mutation detected in 87.5% of patients. Mutations in DNA damage repair pathway genes were also frequent, suggesting increased genome instability. We also found varying expression of 73 genes in the Pathways panel and 85 genes in the Immune Profiling panel, many of them responsible for improvement in tumor recognition and antitumor immune response. CONCLUSIONS The genomic instability detected in our exceptional responders, plus treatment with DNA damage compounds combined with favorable anticancer immunity, may have contributed to exceptional responses to standard anticancer therapies in the patients studied. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE With recent advances in the treatment of cancer, there is increased emphasis on the importance of identifying molecular markers to predict treatment outcomes, thereby allowing precision oncology. In this study, it was hypothesized that there is a "specific biologic signature" in the biology of the cancer in long-term survivors that allows sensitivity to systemic therapy and durability of response. Results showed that DNA damage repair pathway alterations, combined with favorable anticancer immunity, may have contributed to exceptional responses. It is very likely that an in-depth examination of outlier responses will become a standard component of drug development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijo Bilusic
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Girardi
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kyungsuk Jung
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jianming Pei
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Qingrong Chen
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Denise Young
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tu MM, Abdel-Hafiz HA, Jones RT, Jean A, Hoff KJ, Duex JE, Chauca-Diaz A, Costello JC, Dancik GM, Tamburini BAJ, Czerniak B, Kaye J, Theodorescu D. Inhibition of the CCL2 receptor, CCR2, enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint therapy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:720. [PMID: 33247183 PMCID: PMC7699641 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are now a mainstay in the clinical management of multiple cancer types, however, many tumors still fail to respond. CCL2 is highly expressed in various cancer types and has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis. Inhibition or blockade of the CCL2/CCR2 signaling axis has thus been an area of interest for cancer therapy. Here we show across multiple murine tumor and metastasis models that CCR2 antagonism in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy leads to sensitization and enhanced tumor response over anti-PD-1 monotherapy. We show that enhanced treatment response correlates with enhanced CD8+ T cell recruitment and activation and a concomitant decrease in CD4+ regulatory T cell. These results provide strong preclinical rationale for further clinical exploration of combining CCR2 antagonism with PD-1/PD-L1-directed immunotherapies across multiple tumor types especially given the availability of small molecule CCR2 inhibitors and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Tu
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hany A Abdel-Hafiz
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Annie Jean
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katelyn J Hoff
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jason E Duex
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ana Chauca-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James C Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Garrett M Dancik
- Department of Computer Science, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, CT, USA
| | - Beth A Jirón Tamburini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan Kaye
- Research Division of Immunology, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Dan Theodorescu
- Cedars-Sinai Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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The conserved arginine residue in all siglecs is essential for Siglec-7 binding to sialic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:1069-1075. [PMID: 33248687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are sialic acid (Sia)-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins; the majority of Siglecs functions as transmembrane receptors on the immune cells via Sia residues. Recently, a new Sia binding site in Siglec-7, termed site 2, where arginine (R) 67 was critical, was identified by computational modeling and biochemical analyses, relative to the primary Sia binding site, termed site 1, containing critical R124. Here, the presence of a new essential R94 residue, which is completely conserved among all identified Siglecs, was demonstrated. A mutation of R94 residue in Siglec-7 led to the disappearance of the Sia binding property, similar to a site 1 mutation (R124A). R94 is close to R67 in site 2, and site 2 mutations at either of them abolished the ligand-binding properties to both gangliosides and glycoproteins. These data suggest that, in addition to site 1, the conserved R residue among Siglecs in site 2 is another functional site.
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57
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Progress in research into the role of abnormal glycosylation modification in tumor immunity. Immunol Lett 2020; 229:8-17. [PMID: 33186635 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In abnormal glycosylation, molecules of glucose or other carbohydrates in living organisms are inappropriately attached to proteins, which causes protein denaturation. Abnormal glycosylation modification is known to directly or indirectly affect the tumor escape process, but very few studies have been performed on whether protein glycosylation changes the structure and function of immune cells and immune molecules and thereby regulates the occurrence and development of tumor escape. Therefore, this article summarizes the effect of the immune system on tumor escape in association with the abnormal glycosylation process from an immunological perspective.
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58
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Chen Z, Yu M, Guo L, Zhang B, Liu S, Zhang W, Zhou B, Yan J, Ma Q, Yang Z, Xiao Y, Xu Y, Li H, Ye Q. Tumor Derived SIGLEC Family Genes May Play Roles in Tumor Genesis, Progression, and Immune Microenvironment Regulation. Front Oncol 2020; 10:586820. [PMID: 33240817 PMCID: PMC7681003 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.586820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SIGLEC family genes can also be expressed on tumor cells in different cancer types, and though it has been found that SIGLEC genes expressed by immune cells can be exploited by tumors to escape immune surveillance, functions of tumor derived SIGLEC expression in tumor microenvironment (TME) were barely investigated, which could play roles in cancer patients' survival. Methods Using bioinformatic analysis, mutation status of SIGLEC family genes was explored through the cBioPortal database, and expression of them in different tumors was explored through the UALCAN database. The GEPIA database was used to compare SIGLEC family genes' mRNA between cancers and to generate a highly correlated gene list in tumors. A KM-plotter database was used to find the association between SIGLEC genes and survival of patients. The associations between SIGLEC family genes' expression, immune infiltration, and immune regulators' expression in TME were generated and examined by the TIMER 2.0 database; the differential fold changes of SIGLEC family genes in specific oncogenic mutation groups of different cancer types were also yielded by TIMER 2.0. The networks of SIGLEC family genes and highly correlated genes were constructed by the STRING database, and gene ontology and pathway annotation of SIGLEC family highly correlated genes were performed through the DAVID database. Results SIGLEC family genes were highly mutated and amplified in melanoma, endometrial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder urothelial carcinoma, and esophagogastric adenocarcinoma, while deep deletion of SIGLEC family genes was common in diffuse glioma. Alteration of SIGLEC family genes demonstrated different levels in specific tumors, and oncogenic mutation in different cancer types could influence SIGLEC family genes' expression. Most SIGLEC family genes were related to patients' overall survival and progression free survival. Also, tumor derived SIGLEC family genes were related to tumor immune cell infiltration and may regulate TME by influencing chemokine axis. Conclusion Our computational analysis showed SIGLEC family genes expressed by tumor cells were associated with tumor behaviors, and they may also influence TME through chemokine axis, playing vital roles in patients' survival. Further experiments targeting tumor derived SIGLEC family genes are needed to confirm their influences on tumor growth, metastasis, and immune environment regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mincheng Yu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Binghai Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuliang Yan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianni Ma
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhangfu Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Xiao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Li
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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Yamada K, Hazama S, Suzuki N, Xu M, Nakagami Y, Fujiwara N, Tsunedomi R, Yoshida S, Tomochika S, Matsukuma S, Matsui H, Tokumitsu Y, Kanekiyo S, Shindo Y, Watanabe Y, Iida M, Takeda S, Ioka T, Ueno T, Ogihara H, Hamamoto Y, Hoshii Y, Kawano H, Fujita T, Kawakami Y, Nagano H. Siglec-7 is a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of cancer vaccination against metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:10. [PMID: 33240416 PMCID: PMC7681234 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, including vaccination, is considered a major scientific and medical breakthrough. However, cancer immunotherapy does not result in durable objective responses against colorectal cancer (CRC). To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy, the present study investigated several biomarkers for selecting patients who were expected to respond well to immunotherapy. Firstly, a comprehensive proteomic analysis was performed using tumor tissue lysates from patients enrolled in a phase II study, in which five human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*24:02-restricted peptides were administered. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin type lectin (Siglec)-7 was identified as a potential predictive biomarker. Subsequently, this biomarker was validated using western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence using tissue samples from the patients enrolled in the phase II study. The expression levels of Siglec-7 detected by immunofluorescence were quantified and their association with overall survival (OS) in patients treated with the peptide vaccine was examined. Furthermore, considering the important role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for CRC prognosis, the densities of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ T cells in CRC tissues were examined and compared with Siglec-7 expression. The mean expression levels of Siglec-7 were significantly higher in patients with poor prognosis, with an OS of ≤2 years, as shown in comprehensive proteomic analysis (P=0.016) and western blot analysis (P=0.025). Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that Siglec-7 was expressed in intratumoral macrophages. The OS in patients with high Siglec-7 expression was significantly shorter than in that in patients with low Siglec-7 expression (P=0.017) in the HLA-A*24:02-matched patients. However, this difference was not observed in the HLA-unmatched patients. There was no significant difference in OS between patients according to the numbers of TILs, nor significant correlation between TILs and Siglec-7 expression. In conclusion, Siglec-7 expression in macrophages in tumor tissue may be a novel predictive biomarker for the efficacy of immunotherapy against metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.,Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics Against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shin Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tomochika
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsukuma
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroto Matsui
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yukio Tokumitsu
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshitaro Shindo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusaku Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Michihisa Iida
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ioka
- Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogihara
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hamamoto
- Division of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hoshii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kawano
- Department of Basic Laboratory Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Fujita
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Tang X, Sui D, Liu M, Zhang H, Liu M, Wang S, Zhao D, Sun W, Liu M, Luo X, Lai X, Liu X, Deng Y, Song Y. Targeted delivery of zoledronic acid through the sialic acid - Siglec axis for killing and reversal of M2 phenotypic tumor-associated macrophages – A promising cancer immunotherapy. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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61
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Macpherson AM, Barry SC, Ricciardelli C, Oehler MK. Epithelial Ovarian Cancer and the Immune System: Biology, Interactions, Challenges and Potential Advances for Immunotherapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2967. [PMID: 32937961 PMCID: PMC7564553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of immune function and the interactions with tumour cells have led to the development of various cancer immunotherapies and strategies for specific cancer types. However, despite some stunning successes with some malignancies such as melanomas and lung cancer, most patients receive little or no benefit from immunotherapy, which has been attributed to the tumour microenvironment and immune evasion. Although the US Food and Drug Administration have approved immunotherapies for some cancers, to date, only the anti-angiogenic antibody bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunotherapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer are still under development and being tested in numerous clinical trials. A detailed understanding of the interactions between cancer and the immune system is vital for optimisation of immunotherapies either alone or when combined with chemotherapy and other therapies. This article, in two main parts, provides an overview of: (1) components of the normal immune system and current knowledge regarding tumour immunology, biology and their interactions; (2) strategies, and targets, together with challenges and potential innovative approaches for cancer immunotherapy, with attention given to epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Macpherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Simon C. Barry
- Molecular Immunology, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;
| | - Carmela Ricciardelli
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Martin K. Oehler
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (A.M.M.); (C.R.)
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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62
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Li Q, Dai W, Liu J, Sang Q, Li YX, Li YY. Gene dysregulation analysis builds a mechanistic signature for prognosis and therapeutic benefit in colorectal cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 12:881-893. [PMID: 32717065 PMCID: PMC7883816 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of cancer precision medicine requires biomarkers or signatures for predicting prognosis and therapeutic benefits. Most of current efforts in this field are paying much more attention to predictive accuracy than to molecular mechanistic interpretability. Mechanism-driven strategy has recently emerged, aiming to build signatures with both predictive power and explanatory power. Driven by this strategy, we developed a robust gene dysregulation analysis framework with machine learning algorithms, which is capable of exploring gene dysregulations underlying carcinogenesis from high-dimensional data with cooperativity and synergy between regulators and several other transcriptional regulation rules taken into consideration. We then applied the framework to a colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The identified CRC-related dysregulations significantly covered known carcinogenic processes and exhibited good prognostic effect. By choosing dysregulations with greedy strategy, we built a four-dysregulation (4-DysReg) signature, which has the capability of predicting prognosis and adjuvant chemotherapy benefit. 4-DysReg has the potential to explain carcinogenesis in terms of dysfunctional transcriptional regulation. These results demonstrate that our gene dysregulation analysis framework could be used to develop predictive signature with mechanistic interpretability for cancer precision medicine, and furthermore, elucidate the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxue Li
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wentao Dai
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jixiang Liu
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingqing Sang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yi-Xue Li
- School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.,Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Shanghai Center for Bioinformation Technology, Shanghai 201203, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Translation and Shanghai Industrial Technology Institute, Shanghai 201203, China
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63
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Ono K, Sanada Y, Kimura Y, Aoyama S, Ueda N, Katayama T, Nagahama K. A thin hydrogel barrier linked onto cell surface sialic acids through covalent bonds induces cancer cell death in vivo. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:577-585. [PMID: 31872195 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01758e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypersialylation is the aberrant expression of sialic acid in cell surface glycans and is pervasive in cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that hypersialylation provides a microenvironment conducive to cancer progression, mediated by the interaction between sialic acid and sialic acid-binding receptors. Therefore, a technique to block the interaction between the overexpressed sialic acid on cancer cell surfaces and its receptors is a promising approach to develop new cancer therapies. We focused on hydrogels as an artificial barrier to block this interaction and present here the development of a novel technique for selectively covalently binding a thin hydrogel barrier on sialic acid residues on cancer cell surfaces. This technique effectively inhibited cancer cell adhesion, motility and growth, caused cancer cell death in vitro, and completely suppressed tumor growth in vivo, thereby clearly demonstrating a potent antitumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimika Ono
- Department of Nanobiochemistry, Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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64
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Abstract
Exosomes are small, single-membrane, secreted organelles of ∼30 to ∼200 nm in diameter that have the same topology as the cell and are enriched in selected proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and glycoconjugates. Exosomes contain an array of membrane-associated, high-order oligomeric protein complexes, display pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and are created by budding at both plasma and endosome membranes. Exosome biogenesis is a mechanism of protein quality control, and once released, exosomes have activities as diverse as remodeling the extracellular matrix and transmitting signals and molecules to other cells. This pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic plays important roles in many aspects of human health and disease, including development, immunity, tissue homeostasis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, viruses co-opt exosome biogenesis pathways both for assembling infectious particles and for establishing host permissiveness. On the basis of these and other properties, exosomes are being developed as therapeutic agents in multiple disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michiel Pegtel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Stephen J Gould
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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65
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Kang EA, Soh H, Park S, Lee HJ, Im JP, Kim JS. Soluble Siglec-9 alleviates intestinal inflammation through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106695. [PMID: 32570035 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a superfamily of immunoreceptors recognizing sialic acid. Siglec-9 has been shown to mediate inhibitory immune responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a soluble form of Siglec-9 (sSiglec-9) on inflamed intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), murine macrophages, and experimental murine colitis models. METHODS COLO 205 human IECs and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were pretreated with sSiglec-9 and then stimulated with TNF-α or lipopolysaccharides, respectively. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 and TNF-α was measured using real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. To demonstrate the inhibitory effects of sSiglec-9 on the NF-κB pathway, IκBα phosphorylation/degradation was determined using western blotting and the DNA binding activity of NF-κB was evaluated using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Further, mouse models with dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis and piroxicam-induced IL-10-/- chronic colitis were generated. Intraperitoneal injections of sSiglec-9 were performed, and body weight, colon length, and histopathologic findings were examined. RESULTS sSiglec-9 suppressed IL-8 and TNF-α gene expression in stimulated COLO 205 and RAW 264.7 cells. sSiglec-9 inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation and the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. sSiglec-9 injections significantly ameliorated weight loss, colon shortening, and the severity of intestinal inflammation in acute and chronic colitis mouse models. CONCLUSION sSiglec-9 may inhibit NF-κB activation in IECs and macrophages and alleviate experimental colitis in mice, suggesting that sSiglec-9 is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ae Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosim Soh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seona Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Gastroenterology, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon 21080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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66
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Wielgat P, Rogowski K, Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Car H. Sialic Acid-Siglec Axis as Molecular Checkpoints Targeting of Immune System: Smart Players in Pathology and Conventional Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124361. [PMID: 32575400 PMCID: PMC7352527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The sialic acid-based molecular mimicry in pathogens and malignant cells is a regulatory mechanism that leads to cross-reactivity with host antigens resulting in suppression and tolerance in the immune system. The interplay between sialoglycans and immunoregulatory Siglec receptors promotes foreign antigens hiding and immunosurveillance impairment. Therefore, molecular targeting of immune checkpoints, including sialic acid-Siglec axis, is a promising new field of inflammatory disorders and cancer therapy. However, the conventional drugs used in regular management can interfere with glycome machinery and exert a divergent effect on immune controlling systems. Here, we focus on the known effects of standard therapies on the sialoglycan-Siglec checkpoint and their importance in diagnosis, prediction, and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemyslaw Wielgat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-7450-647
| | - Karol Rogowski
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.R.); (K.N.-L.)
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67
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Meril S, Harush O, Reboh Y, Matikhina T, Barliya T, Cohen CJ. Targeting glycosylated antigens on cancer cells using siglec‐7/9‐based CAR T‐cells. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:713-723. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.23213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meril
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Ortal Harush
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Yishai Reboh
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Tatyana Matikhina
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Tilda Barliya
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
| | - Cyrille J. Cohen
- Division of Molecular, Cellular and Medical BiologyThe Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar‐Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel
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68
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Li S, Jiang L, Yang Y, Cao J, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Wang R, Deng X, Li Y. MiR-195-5p inhibits the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via targeting siglec1. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1333-1344. [PMID: 32351126 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120920923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by chronic inflammation, is a recognized global health crisis. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 1 (siglec1 or CD169), mainly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells, is markedly upregulated after encountering pathogens or under acute/chronic inflammation conditions. However, it is rarely reported that whether siglec1 plays a role in the development of COPD. In this study, we found that siglec1 had higher expression in the lungs from COPD rats and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COPD patients. Knockdown of siglec1 in vivo and in vitro dramatically decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines production in pulmonary macrophages and alleviated pulmonary inflammatory responses in COPD rats as well as inactivated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. In addition, we identified a new microRNA, miR-195-5p, which has never explored in COPD, was lower expressed in COPD rats and PBMC of COPD patients, and could negatively modulate siglec1 expression in macrophages. Moreover, overexpression of miR-195-5p via miR-195-5p mimics in vitro and in vivo could significantly alleviate pro-inflammatory cytokines production in pulmonary macrophages and pulmonary inflammatory responses in COPD rats. Together, our findings suggested that miR-195-5p inhibited the development of COPD via targeting siglec1, which might become a therapeutic target to improve COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - L Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - J Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - Q Zhang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Zhang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - R Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
| | - X Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe, Henan, China
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69
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The sialoglycan-Siglec-E checkpoint axis in dexamethasone-induced immune subversion in glioma-microglia transwell co-culture system. Immunol Res 2020; 67:348-357. [PMID: 31741237 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-019-09106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dex) is considered as the main steroid routinely used in the standard therapy of brain tumor-induced edema. Strong immunosuppressive effects of Dex on effector systems of the immune system affect the patients' antitumor immunity and may thereby worsen the prognosis. Siglecs and their interacting sialoglycans have been described as a novel glyco-immune checkpoint axis that promotes cancer immune evasion. Despite the aberrant glycosylation in cancer is described, mechanisms involved in regulation of immune checkpoints in gliomas are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Dex on the Siglec-sialic acid interplay and determine its significance in immune inversion in monocultured and co-cultured microglia and glioma cells. Both monocultured and co-cultured in transwell system embryonic stem cell-derived microglia (ESdM) and glioma GL261 cells were exposed to Dex. Cell viability, immune inversion markers, and interaction between sialic acid and Siglec-E were detected by flow cytometry. Cell invasion was analyzed by scratch-wound migration assay using inverted phase-contrast microscopy. Exposure to Dex led to significant changes in IL-1β, IL-10, Iba-1, and Siglec-E in co-cultured microglia compared to naïve or monocultured cells. These alterations were accompanied by increased α2.8-sialylation and Siglec-E fusion protein binding to co-cultured glioma cell membranes. This study suggests that the interplay between sialic acids and Siglecs is a sensitive immune checkpoint axis and may be crucial for Dex-induced dampening of antitumor immunity. The targeting of sialic acid-Siglec glyco-immune checkpoint can be a novel therapeutic method in glioma therapy.
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70
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De Bousser E, Meuris L, Callewaert N, Festjens N. Human T cell glycosylation and implications on immune therapy for cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2374-2388. [PMID: 32186959 PMCID: PMC7644206 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1730658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification, giving rise to a diverse and abundant repertoire of glycans on the cell surface, collectively known as the glycome. When focusing on immunity, glycans are indispensable in virtually all signaling and cell-cell interactions. More specifically, glycans have been shown to regulate key pathophysiological steps within T cell biology such as T cell development, thymocyte selection, T cell activity and signaling as well as T cell differentiation and proliferation. They are of major importance in determining the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells. In this review, we will describe the role of glycosylation of human T cells in more depth, elaborate on the importance of glycosylation in the interaction of human T cells with tumor cells and discuss the potential of cancer immunotherapies that are based on manipulating the glycome functions at the tumor immune interface.1,2
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien De Bousser
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leander Meuris
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Festjens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
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71
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Advances in molecular mechanisms of drugs affecting abnormal glycosylation and metastasis of breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104738. [PMID: 32151681 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide, and its incidence is also increasing. High recurrence rate and metastasis rate are the key causes of poor prognosis and death. It is suggested that abnormal glycosylation plays an important role in the growth, invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, it can be used as the biomarkers for the early detection and prognosis of breast cancer and the potential attractive targets for drug treatment. However, only a few attentions have been paid to the molecular mechanism of abnormal glycosylation in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells and the related intervention of drugs. This manuscript thus investigated the relationship between abnormal glycosylation, the EMT, and breast cancer metastasis. Then, the process of abnormal glycosylation, the classification and their molecular regulatory mechanisms of breast cancer were analyzed in detail. Last, potential drugs are introduced in different categories, which are expected to reverse or intervene the abnormal glycosylation of breast cancer. This review is conducive to an in-depth understanding of the metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer cells, which will provide new ideas for the clinical regulation of glycosylation and related drug treatments in breast cancer.
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72
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Activation of Siglec-7 results in inhibition of in vitro and in vivo growth of human mast cell leukemia cells. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104682. [PMID: 32035162 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced systemic mastocytosis is a rare and still untreatable disease. Blocking antibodies against inhibitory receptors, also known as "immune checkpoints", have revolutionized anti-cancer treatment. Inhibitory receptors are expressed not only on normal immune cells, including mast cells but also on neoplastic cells. Whether activation of inhibitory receptors through monoclonal antibodies can lead to tumor growth inhibition remains mostly unknown. Here we show that the inhibitory receptor Siglec-7 is expressed by primary neoplastic mast cells in patients with systemic mastocytosis and by mast cell leukemia cell lines. Activation of Siglec-7 by anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody caused phosphorylation of Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1), reduced phosphorylation of KIT and induced growth inhibition in mast cell lines. In SCID-beige mice injected with either the human mast cell line HMC-1.1 and HMC-1.2 or with Siglec-7 transduced B cell lymphoma cells, anti-Siglec-7 monoclonal antibody reduced tumor growth by a mechanism involving Siglec-7 cytoplasmic domains in "preventive" and "treatment" settings. These data demonstrate that activation of Siglec-7 on mast cell lines can inhibit their growth in vitro and in vivo. This might pave the way to additional treatment strategies for mastocytosis.
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73
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Tanno A, Fujino N, Yamada M, Sugiura H, Hirano T, Tanaka R, Sano H, Suzuki S, Okada Y, Ichinose M. Decreased expression of a phagocytic receptor Siglec-1 on alveolar macrophages in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2020; 21:30. [PMID: 31992280 PMCID: PMC6986024 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-1297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar macrophages are professional phagocytes that remove microbial pathogens inhaled into the lung. The phagocytic ability is compromised in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this defect in phagocytosis are not clearly defined. Materials and methods Cell suspensions were collected from lung tissues of patients undergoing lung resection. Alveolar macrophages were detected as FSChi/ SSChi/CD45+/CD206+ cells in the isolated cell suspension by flow-cytometry. The cell surface expression of plasma membrane-bound phagocytic receptors (Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI), a complement receptor CD11b, macrophage scavenger receptor-1 (MSR-1), CD36 and Siglec-1) was determined on the alveolar macrophages. Correlations between the expression levels of the phagocytic receptors and disease severity were analysed. Phagocytosis of fluorescence-tagged bacteria by human alveolar macrophages was evaluated. Results The flow-cytometry analyses revealed that FcγRI, CD11b, MSR-1 and Siglec-1, but not CD36, were expressed on human alveolar macrophages. Among these receptors, Siglec-1 expression was significantly decreased on alveolar macrophages in COPD ex-smokers (n = 11), compared to control never-smokers (n = 11) or control ex-smokers (n = 9). The Siglec-1 expression on alveolar macrophages was significantly correlated with lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) and with the severity of emphysema. Treatment of human alveolar macrophages with an anti-Siglec1 blocking antibody decreased phagocytosis of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated reduced expression of Siglec-1 on alveolar macrophages in COPD, which is involved in engulfment of NTHi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Taizou Hirano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Hirohito Sano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, 986 8522, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980 8575, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryocho, Aobaku, Sendai, 980 8574, Japan
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74
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are expressed on the majority of white blood cells of the immune system and play critical roles in immune cell signaling. Through recognition of sialic acid-containing glycans as ligands, they help the immune system distinguish between self and nonself. Because of their restricted cell type expression and roles as checkpoints in immune cell responses in human diseases such as cancer, asthma, allergy, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases they have gained attention as targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review we describe the Siglec family, its roles in regulation of immune cell signaling, current efforts to define its roles in disease processes, and approaches to target Siglecs for treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiteng Duan
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - James C Paulson
- Departments of Molecular Medicine, and Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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75
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García Caballero G, Kaltner H, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Schmidt S, Sinowatz F, Gabius HJ. How galectins have become multifunctional proteins. Histol Histopathol 2020; 35:509-539. [PMID: 31922250 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Having identified glycans of cellular glycoconjugates as versatile molecular messages, their recognition by sugar receptors (lectins) is a fundamental mechanism within the flow of biological information. This type of molecular interplay is increasingly revealed to be involved in a wide range of (patho)physiological processes. To do so, it is a vital prerequisite that a lectin (and its expression) can develop more than a single skill, that is the general ability to bind glycans. By studying the example of vertebrate galectins as a model, a total of five relevant characteristics is disclosed: i) access to intra- and extracellular sites, ii) fine-tuned gene regulation (with evidence for co-regulation of counterreceptors) including the existence of variants due to alternative splicing or single nucleotide polymorphisms, iii) specificity to distinct glycans from the glycome with different molecular meaning, iv) binding capacity also to peptide motifs at different sites on the protein and v) diversity of modular architecture. They combine to endow these lectins with the capacity to serve as multi-purpose tools. Underscoring the arising broad-scale significance of tissue lectins, their numbers in terms of known families and group members have steadily grown by respective research that therefore unveiled a well-stocked toolbox. The generation of a network of (ga)lectins by evolutionary diversification affords the opportunity for additive/synergistic or antagonistic interplay in situ, an emerging aspect of (ga)lectin functionality. It warrants close scrutiny. The realization of the enormous potential of combinatorial permutations using the five listed features gives further efforts to understand the rules of functional glycomics/lectinomics a clear direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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76
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Hong W, Yuan H, Gu Y, Liu M, Ji Y, Huang Z, Yang J, Ma L. Immune-related prognosis biomarkers associated with osteosarcoma microenvironment. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:83. [PMID: 32190007 PMCID: PMC7075043 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive bone tumor that most commonly affects children and adolescents. Treatment and outcomes for osteosarcoma have remained unchanged over the past 30 years. The relationship between osteosarcoma and the immune microenvironment may represent a key to its undoing. METHODS We calculated the immune and stromal scores of osteosarcoma cases from the Target database using the ESTIMATE algorithm. Then we used the CIBERSORT algorithm to explore the tumor microenvironment and analyze immune infiltration of osteosarcoma. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on immune scores and stromal scores. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes Database (STRING) was utilized to assess protein-protein interaction (PPI) information, and Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin was used to screen hub modules of PPI network in Cytoscape. The prognostic value of the gene signature was validated in an independent GSE39058 cohort. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to study the hub genes in signaling pathways. RESULTS From 83 samples of osteosarcoma obtained from the Target dataset, 137 DEGs were identified, including 134 upregulated genes and three downregulated genes. Functional enrichment analysis and PPI networks demonstrated that these genes were mainly involved in neutrophil degranulation and neutrophil activation involved in immune response, and participated in neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and staphylococcus aureus infection. CONCLUSIONS Our study established an immune-related gene signature to predict outcomes of osteosarcoma, which may be important targets for individual treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Hong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19, Nong Lin Xia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
| | - Mouyuan Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19, Nong Lin Xia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
| | - Yayun Ji
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19, Nong Lin Xia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
| | - Zifang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
| | - Junlin Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No.58, Zhongshan Second Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
| | - Liheng Ma
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No.19, Nong Lin Xia Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510030 Guangdong China
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77
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Liu G, Jia L, Xing G. Probing Sialidases or Siglecs with Sialic Acid Analogues, Clusters and Precursors. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐jian Liu
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Li‐yan Jia
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
| | - Guo‐wen Xing
- College of ChemistryBeijing Normal University Beijing 100875 P.R. China
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78
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Targeting adenosinergic pathway enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Int 2019; 14:80-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-019-10003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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79
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Li W, Li Y, Qin K, Du B, Li T, Yuan H, Han C, Luo Y. Siglec-G Deficiency Ameliorates Hyper-Inflammation and Immune Collapse in Sepsis via Regulating Src Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2575. [PMID: 31781099 PMCID: PMC6859834 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyper-inflammation during acute phase and sequential hypo-inflammation during immunosuppressive phase in macrophages/monocytes lead to multiorgan failure syndrome and immune collapse of sepsis, in which toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered inflammatory responses play a major role. Here, we reported that Siglecg deficiency attenuated TLR4-triggered pro-inflammatory cytokine production and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine [interleukin-10 [IL-10]] production in vivo and in vitro at both acute and immunosuppressive phases. Siglecg deficiency also protected mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis with less inflammation in the lung and less tissue destruction in the spleen. Siglec-G inhibited proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (Src) activation via recruiting and activating tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP1) through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain. Src could inhibit TLR4-induced inflammatory cytokines and promote anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Mechanical investigation showed that Src could interact with and phosphorylate STAT3. Src could also promote HIF1α degradation through activating GSK3β. Our study reveals that Siglec-G orchestrates TLR-induced inflammation, which outlines that blocking Siglec-G or activating Src may be a promising strategy for both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinjiao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewei Qin
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Boxiang Du
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tianliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaofeng Han
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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80
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Munkley J, Scott E. Targeting Aberrant Sialylation to Treat Cancer. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:medicines6040102. [PMID: 31614918 PMCID: PMC6963943 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates (known as glycans) are often aberrantly expressed or found at atypical levels in cancer. Glycans can impact all steps in tumour progression, from malignant transformation to metastasis, and have roles in all the cancer hallmarks. An increased understanding of glycans in the metastatic cascade offers exciting new therapeutic opportunities. Glycan-based targeting strategies are currently being tested in clinical trials and are a rich and untapped frontier for development. As we learn more about cancer glycobiology, new targets will continue to emerge for drug design. One key change in tumour glycosylation is the upregulation of cancer-associated sialylated glycans. Abnormal sialylation is integral to tumour growth, metastasis and immune evasion; therefore, targeting sialic acid moieties in cancer could be of high therapeutic value. Here, we summarise the changes to sialic acid biology in cancer and discuss recent advances and technologies bringing sialic-acid targeting treatments to the forefront of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Munkley
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Emma Scott
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
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81
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Läubli H, Borsig L. Altered Cell Adhesion and Glycosylation Promote Cancer Immune Suppression and Metastasis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2120. [PMID: 31552050 PMCID: PMC6743365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions and cell adhesion are key mediators of cancer progression and facilitate hallmarks of cancer including immune evasion and metastatic dissemination. Many cell adhesion molecules within the tumor microenvironment are changed and significant alterations of glycosylation are observed. These changes in cell adhesion molecules alter the ability of tumor cells to interact with other cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Three families of cell-cell interaction molecules selectins, Siglecs, and integrins have been associated with cancer progression in many pre-clinical studies, yet inhibition of cell adhesion as a therapeutic target is just beginning to be explored. We review how cell-cell interactions mediated by integrins and the glycan-binding receptors selectins and Siglec receptors support cancer progression. The discussion focuses on mechanisms during immune evasion and metastasis that can be therapeutically targeted by blocking these cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lubor Borsig
- Department of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, Zurich, Switzerland
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82
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Barriga V, Kuol N, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The Complex Interaction between the Tumor Micro-Environment and Immune Checkpoints in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081205. [PMID: 31430935 PMCID: PMC6721629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of breast cancer and its association with clinical outcome and treatment remain largely unexplored. Accumulating data has highlighted the interaction between cells of the immune system and the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, and although studies have identified multiple facets of cancer progression within the development of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituents, there is lack of research into the associations between breast cancer subtype and staging. Current literature has provided insight into the cells and pathways associated with breast cancer progression through expression analysis. However, there is lack of co-expression studies between immune pathways and cells of the TME that form pro-tumorigenic relationships contributing to immune-evasion. We focus on the immune checkpoint and TME elements that influence cancer progression, particularly studies in molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Barriga
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
| | - Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
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83
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Abstract
The glycome describes the complete repertoire of glycoconjugates composed of carbohydrate chains, or glycans, that are covalently linked to lipid or protein molecules. Glycoconjugates are formed through a process called glycosylation and can differ in their glycan sequences, the connections between them and their length. Glycoconjugate synthesis is a dynamic process that depends on the local milieu of enzymes, sugar precursors and organelle structures as well as the cell types involved and cellular signals. Studies of rare genetic disorders that affect glycosylation first highlighted the biological importance of the glycome, and technological advances have improved our understanding of its heterogeneity and complexity. Researchers can now routinely assess how the secreted and cell-surface glycomes reflect overall cellular status in health and disease. In fact, changes in glycosylation can modulate inflammatory responses, enable viral immune escape, promote cancer cell metastasis or regulate apoptosis; the composition of the glycome also affects kidney function in health and disease. New insights into the structure and function of the glycome can now be applied to therapy development and could improve our ability to fine-tune immunological responses and inflammation, optimize the performance of therapeutic antibodies and boost immune responses to cancer. These examples illustrate the potential of the emerging field of 'glycomedicine'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Reily
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tyler J Stewart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew B Renfrow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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84
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Malaker SA, Pedram K, Ferracane MJ, Bensing BA, Krishnan V, Pett C, Yu J, Woods EC, Kramer JR, Westerlind U, Dorigo O, Bertozzi CR. The mucin-selective protease StcE enables molecular and functional analysis of human cancer-associated mucins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:7278-7287. [PMID: 30910957 PMCID: PMC6462054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin domains are densely O-glycosylated modular protein domains that are found in a wide variety of cell surface and secreted proteins. Mucin-domain glycoproteins are known to be key players in a host of human diseases, especially cancer, wherein mucin expression and glycosylation patterns are altered. Mucin biology has been difficult to study at the molecular level, in part, because methods to manipulate and structurally characterize mucin domains are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that secreted protease of C1 esterase inhibitor (StcE), a bacterial protease from Escherichia coli, cleaves mucin domains by recognizing a discrete peptide- and glycan-based motif. We exploited StcE's unique properties to improve sequence coverage, glycosite mapping, and glycoform analysis of recombinant human mucins by mass spectrometry. We also found that StcE digests cancer-associated mucins from cultured cells and from ascites fluid derived from patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, using StcE, we discovered that sialic acid-binding Ig-type lectin-7 (Siglec-7), a glycoimmune checkpoint receptor, selectively binds sialomucins as biological ligands, whereas the related receptor Siglec-9 does not. Mucin-selective proteolysis, as exemplified by StcE, is therefore a powerful tool for the study of mucin domain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Venkatesh Krishnan
- Stanford Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christian Pett
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS), 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jin Yu
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS), 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elliot C Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS), 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Oliver Dorigo
- Stanford Women's Cancer Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305
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85
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Next generation sequencing driven successful combined treatment with laparoscopic surgery and immunotherapy for relapsed stage IVB cervical and synchronous stage IV lung cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2012-2021. [PMID: 31007844 PMCID: PMC6459345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The treatment of patients with multiple synchronous tumors is challenging and complex. The use of next generation sequencing (NGS) may help in identification of germline mutations in genes involved in a common etiology for both tumors thus allowing a common effective therapeutic strategy. Patients and Methods: We describe the unexpected positive results obtained in a young woman with relapsed chemo-resistant stage IVB cervical and synchronous stage IV lung cancer, who underwent an interdisciplinary approach including palliative surgery with laparoscopic total pelvic exenteratio followed by a chemo-immunotherapy protocol with the anti-Programmed Death (PD)-1 antibody nivolumab plus metronomic cyclophosphamide. The treatment choice was based on tumor PD-Ligand 1 assessment and NGS analysis for the identification of potential treatment targets. Outcomes included tumor objective response and patient-centered outcomes (pain, performance status and overall quality of life). Results: Laparoscopic surgery obtained an immediate symptom control and allowed the early start of medical treatment. One month after combined therapy start the patient achieved a significant improvement in performance status, pain, overall Quality of life and after 3 months she resumed working. After 3 and 6 months of treatment we observed an objective dimensional and metabolic response. Currently, after 24 months (and 48 cycles of nivolumab) the patient is continuing to benefit from treatment: she is in complete remission, with good performance status and she is working and leading a self-dependent life. Conclusion: Our study strongly affirms the efficacy of an interdisciplinary approach including surgical and innovative medical strategies based on immunotherapy in patients with advanced chemo-resistant synchronous cervical and lung cancer. The present findings support the use of NGS to drive a targeted rational treatment especially in heavily pre-treated patients.
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86
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da Fonseca LM, da Costa KM, Chaves VDS, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A, Mendonça-Previato L, Previato JO, Freire-de-Lima L. Theft and Reception of Host Cell's Sialic Acid: Dynamics of Trypanosoma Cruzi Trans-sialidases and Mucin-Like Molecules on Chagas' Disease Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30787935 PMCID: PMC6372544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades have produced a plethora of evidence on the role of glycans, from cell adhesion to signaling pathways. Much of that information pertains to their role on the immune system and their importance on the surface of many human pathogens. A clear example of this is the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which displays on its surface a great variety of glycoconjugates, including O-glycosylated mucin-like glycoproteins, as well as multiple glycan-binding proteins belonging to the trans-sialidase (TS) family. Among the latter, different and concurrently expressed molecules may present or not TS activity, and are accordingly known as active (aTS) and inactive (iTS) members. Over the last thirty years, it has been well described that T. cruzi is unable to synthesize sialic acid (SIA) on its own, making use of aTS to steal the host's SIA. Although iTS did not show enzymatic activity, it retains a substrate specificity similar to aTS (α-2,3 SIA-containing glycotopes), displaying lectinic properties. It is accepted that aTS members act as virulence factors in mammals coursing the acute phase of the T. cruzi infection. However, recent findings have demonstrated that iTS may also play a pathogenic role during T. cruzi infection, since it modulates events related to adhesion and invasion of the parasite into the host cells. Since both aTS and iTS proteins share structural substrate specificity, it might be plausible to speculate that iTS proteins are able to assuage and/or attenuate biological phenomena depending on the catalytic activity displayed by aTS members. Since SIA-containing glycotopes modulate the host immune system, it should not come as any surprise that changes in the sialylation of parasite's mucin-like molecules, as well as host cell glycoconjugates might disrupt critical physiological events, such as the building of effective immune responses. This review aims to discuss the importance of mucin-like glycoproteins and both aTS and iTS for T. cruzi biology, as well as to present a snapshot of how disturbances in both parasite and host cell sialoglycophenotypes may facilitate the persistence of T. cruzi in the infected mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victoria de Sousa Chaves
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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87
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Adams OJ, Stanczak MA, von Gunten S, Läubli H. Targeting sialic acid-Siglec interactions to reverse immune suppression in cancer. Glycobiology 2018; 28:640-647. [PMID: 29309569 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in sialic acids in cancer have been observed for many years. In particular, the increase of sialoglycan density or hypersialylation in tumors has been described. Recent studies have identified mechanisms for immune evasion based on sialoglycan interactions with immunoregulatory Siglec receptors that are exploited by tumor cells and microorganisms alike. Siglecs are mostly inhibitory receptors similar to known immune checkpoints including PD-1 or CTLA-4 that are successfully targeted with blocking antibodies for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we summarize the known changes of sialic acids in cancer and the role Siglec receptors play in cancer immunity. We also focus on potential ways to target these Siglec receptors or sialoglycans in order to improve anti-cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Joan Adams
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan von Gunten
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Inselspital INO-F, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine.,Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel, Switzerland
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88
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Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Li J, Nie L, Hu Y, Wang F, Liu H, Fernandes SM, Zhong Q, Li X, Schnaar RL, Jia Y. Immunoregulatory Siglec ligands are abundant in human and mouse aorta and are up-regulated by high glucose. Life Sci 2018; 216:189-199. [PMID: 30471282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inflammation is a driving force in development of atherosclerosis, and hyperglycemia is a significant risk factor for angiopathy. Siglec-9, expressed on human neutrophils and macrophages, engages specific glycan ligands on tissues to diminish ongoing inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHOD Siglec-9 ligands on human aorta were characterized and the effects of high glucose exposure on the expression of ligands for Siglec-9 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUV-EC-C) in vitro and ligands for the comparable siglec (Siglec-E) on mouse aorta in vivo were studied. KEY FINDINGS Siglec-9 ligands were expressed broadly on human aorta, as well as on HUV-EC-C. Siglec-9 ligands on HUV-EC-C were sharply up-regulated under high glucose exposure in vitro, as were Siglec-E ligands on the aortas of hyperglycemic mice. Exposure of HUV-EC-C to high-glucose resulted in consistent inhibitory changes in co-cultured macrophages including increased apoptosis and decreased phagocytosis. Control of Siglec-9 ligand expression on HUV-EC-C was downstream of changes in an enzyme involved in their biosynthesis, UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) and increased cellular N-acetylgalactosamine. The alteration of GALE was associated with the regulatory microRNA hsa-let-7f. SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that exposure to high-glucose results in up-regulation of immune inhibitory Siglec-9 sialoglycan ligands on aorta and HUV-EC-C cells downstream of altered GALE and GalNAc expression, resulting in up-regulation of apoptosis and decrease of phagocytic activity of macrophages. Changes in Siglec-9 sialoglycan ligand expression on vascular endothelial cells may be a natural response to the initial steps of atherosclerosis and might be a potential target to regulate inflammation in diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxian Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China; Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, ChongQing Medical University, Yubei, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Western Central Hospital, Danzhou, Hainan 571799, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China
| | - Ling Nie
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400037, China
| | - Yijie Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400042, China
| | - Fangjie Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China
| | - Steve M Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qianjin Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400042, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China.
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yi Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing 400038, China.
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89
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Glycosylation in cancer: Selected roles in tumour progression, immune modulation and metastasis. Cell Immunol 2018; 333:46-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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90
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Fong JJ, Tsai CM, Saha S, Nizet V, Varki A, Bui JD. Siglec-7 engagement by GBS β-protein suppresses pyroptotic cell death of natural killer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10410-10415. [PMID: 30254166 PMCID: PMC6187154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804108115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune lymphocytes that recognize and destroy abnormal host cells, such as tumor cells or those infected by viral pathogens. To safely accomplish these functions, NK cells display activating receptors that detect stress molecules or viral ligands displayed at the cell surface, balanced by inhibitory receptors that bind to self-molecules. To date, such activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells are not known to recognize bacterial determinants. Moreover, NK cell responses to direct interactions with extracellular bacteria are poorly explored. In this study, we observed the human neonatal pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS) can directly engage human NK cells. The interaction was mediated through the B6N segment of streptococcal β-protein, binding to the inhibitory receptor Siglec-7 via its amino-terminal V-set domain. Unlike classical Siglec binding, the interaction is also independent of its sialic acid recognition property. In contrast to WT GBS, mutants lacking β-protein induced efficient pyroptosis of NK cells through the NLRP3 inflammasome, with production and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and dissemination of the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B. We postulate that GBS evolved β-protein engagement of inhibitory human Siglec-7 to suppress the pyroptotic response of NK cells and thereby block recruitment of a broader innate immune response, i.e., by "silencing the sentinel."
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry J Fong
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chih-Ming Tsai
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sudeshna Saha
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Victor Nizet
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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91
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Rodrigues E, Macauley MS. Hypersialylation in Cancer: Modulation of Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060207. [PMID: 29912148 PMCID: PMC6025361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell surface glycosylation is dynamic and often changes in response to cellular differentiation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Altered glycosylation on cancers cells is gaining attention due its wide-spread occurrence across a variety of cancer types and recent studies that have documented functional roles for aberrant glycosylation in driving cancer progression at various stages. One change in glycosylation that can correlate with cancer stage and disease prognosis is hypersialylation. Increased levels of sialic acid are pervasive in cancer and a growing body of evidence demonstrates how hypersialylation is advantageous to cancer cells, particularly from the perspective of modulating immune cell responses. Sialic acid-binding receptors, such as Siglecs and Selectins, are well-positioned to be exploited by cancer hypersialylation. Evidence is also mounting that Siglecs modulate key immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment, particularly those responsible for maintaining the appropriate inflammatory environment. From these studies have come new and innovative ways to block the effects of hypersialylation by directly reducing sialic acid on cancer cells or blocking interactions between sialic acid and Siglecs or Selectins. Here we review recent works examining how cancer cells become hypersialylated, how hypersialylation benefits cancer cells and tumors, and proposed therapies to abrogate hypersialylation of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Rodrigues
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada.
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92
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Saeui CT, Nairn AV, Galizzi M, Douville C, Gowda P, Park M, Dharmarha V, Shah SR, Clarke A, Austin M, Moremen KW, Yarema KJ. Integration of genetic and metabolic features related to sialic acid metabolism distinguishes human breast cell subtypes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195812. [PMID: 29847599 PMCID: PMC5976204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report we use 'high-flux' tributanoyl-modified N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) analogs with natural N-acetyl as well as non-natural azido- and alkyne N-acyl groups (specifically, 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAc, 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAz, and 1,3,4-O-Bu3ManNAl respectively) to probe intracellular sialic acid metabolism in the near-normal MCF10A human breast cell line in comparison with earlier stage T-47D and more advanced stage MDA-MB-231 breast cancer lines. An integrated view of sialic acid metabolism was gained by measuring intracellular sialic acid production in tandem with transcriptional profiling of genes linked to sialic acid metabolism. The transcriptional profiling showed several differences between the three lines in the absence of ManNAc analog supplementation that helps explain the different sialoglycan profiles naturally associated with cancer. Only minor changes in mRNA transcript levels occurred upon exposure to the compounds confirming that metabolic flux alone can be a key determinant of sialoglycoconjugate display in breast cancer cells; this result complements the well-established role of genetic control (e.g., the transcription of STs) of sialylation abnormalities ubiquitously associated with cancer. A notable result was that the different cell lines produced significantly different levels of sialic acid upon exogenous ManNAc supplementation, indicating that feedback inhibition of UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase/ManNAc kinase (GNE)-generally regarded as the 'gatekeeper' enzyme for titering flux into sialic acid biosynthesis-is not the only regulatory mechanism that limits production of this sugar. A notable aspect of our metabolic glycoengineering approach is its ability to discriminate cell subtype based on intracellular metabolism by illuminating otherwise hidden cell type-specific features. We believe that this strategy combined with multi-dimensional analysis of sialic acid metabolism will ultimately provide novel insights into breast cancer subtypes and provide a foundation for new methods of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Saeui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alison V. Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Christopher Douville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Prateek Gowda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marian Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vrinda Dharmarha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sagar R. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amelia Clarke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Melissa Austin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Yarema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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93
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Büll C, Boltje TJ, Balneger N, Weischer SM, Wassink M, van Gemst JJ, Bloemendal VR, Boon L, van der Vlag J, Heise T, den Brok MH, Adema GJ. Sialic Acid Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth by Enhancing T-cell-Mediated Tumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3574-3588. [PMID: 29703719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acid sugars on the surface of cancer cells have emerged as potent immune modulators that contribute to the immunosuppressive microenvironment and tumor immune evasion. However, the mechanisms by which these sugars modulate antitumor immunity as well as therapeutic strategies directed against them are limited. Here we report that intratumoral injections with a sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac block tumor sialic acid expression in vivo and suppress tumor growth in multiple tumor models. Sialic acid blockade had a major impact on the immune cell composition of the tumor, enhancing tumor-infiltrating natural killer cell and CD8+ T-cell numbers while reducing regulatory T-cell and myeloid regulatory cell numbers. Sialic acid blockade enhanced cytotoxic CD8+ T-cell-mediated killing of tumor cells in part by facilitating antigen-specific T-cell-tumor cell clustering. Sialic acid blockade also synergized with adoptive transfer of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo and enhanced CpG immune adjuvant therapy by increasing dendritic cell activation and subsequent CD8+ T-cell responses. Collectively, these data emphasize the crucial role of sialic acids in tumor immune evasion and provide proof of concept that sialic acid blockade creates an immune-permissive tumor microenvironment for CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor immunity, either as single treatment or in combination with other immune-based intervention strategies.Significance: Sialic acid sugars function as important modulators of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that limit potent antitumor immunity.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3574/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3574-88. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Büll
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja Balneger
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Weischer
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J van Gemst
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Victor R Bloemendal
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Palliative Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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94
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Huang CH, Liao YJ, Fan TH, Chiou TJ, Lin YH, Twu YC. A Developed NK-92MI Cell Line with Siglec-7 neg Phenotype Exhibits High and Sustainable Cytotoxicity against Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041073. [PMID: 29617289 PMCID: PMC5979288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered sialic acid processing that leads to upregulation of cell surface sialylation is recognized as a key change in malignant tissue glycosylation. This cancer-associated hypersialylation directly impacts the signaling interactions between tumor cells and their surrounding microenvironment, especially the interactions mediated by immune cell surface sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) to relay inhibitory signals for cytotoxicity. First, we obtained a Siglec-7neg NK-92MI cell line, NK-92MI-S7N, by separating a group of Siglec-7neg cell population from an eight-month-long-term NK-92MI in vitro culture by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The effect of Siglec-7 loss on NK-92MI-S7N cells was characterized by the cell morphology, proliferation, and cytotoxic activity via FACS, MTS assay, cytotoxic assay, and natural killer (NK) degranulation assay. We found the expression levels of Siglec-7 in NK-92MI were negatively correlated with NK cytotoxicity against leukemia cells. This NK-92MI-S7N cell not only shared very similar phenotypes with its parental cells but also possessed a high and sustainable killing activity. Furthermore, this Siglec-7neg NK line was unexpectedly capable of eliminating a NK-92MI-resistant leukemia cell, THP-1, through enhancing the effector-target interaction. In this study, a NK cell line with high and sustainable cytotoxicity was established and this cell may provide a potential application in NK-based treatment for leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Han Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Hsi Fan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yen-Hsi Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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95
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Lundahl MLE, Scanlan EM, Lavelle EC. Therapeutic potential of carbohydrates as regulators of macrophage activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 146:23-41. [PMID: 28893617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is well established for a broad range of disease states, including cancer and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, that pathogenesis is bolstered by polarisation of macrophages towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, known as M2. As these innate immune cells are relatively long-lived, their re-polarisation to pro-inflammatory, phagocytic and bactericidal "classically activated" M1 macrophages is an attractive therapeutic approach. On the other hand, there are scenarios where the resolving inflammation, wound healing and tissue remodelling properties of M2 macrophages are beneficial - for example the successful introduction of biomedical implants. Although there are numerous endogenous and exogenous factors that have an impact on the macrophage polarisation spectrum, this review will focus specifically on prominent macrophage-modulating carbohydrate motifs with a view towards highlighting structure-function relationships and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimmi L E Lundahl
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin 2, Ireland; School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin 2, Ireland.
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96
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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