51
|
Feldman M. FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN TETRAPLOID SPECIES OF AEGILOPS
SECTION PLEIOXATHERA. Evolution 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1965.tb01704.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Feldman
- Department of Botany; The Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
|
53
|
Zohary D, Nur U. NATURAL TRIPLOIDS IN THE ORCHARD GRASS,DACTYLIS GLOMERATAL., POLYPLOID COMPLEX AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR GENE FLOW FROM DIPLOID TO TETRAPLOID LEVELS. Evolution 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb03018.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zohary
- Department of Botany; The Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Uzi Nur
- Department of Botany; The Hebrew University; Jerusalem Israel
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Turgeon J, Estoup A, Bernatchez L. SPECIES FLOCK IN THE NORTH AMERICAN GREAT LAKES: MOLECULAR ECOLOGY OF LAKE NIPIGON CISCOES (TELEOSTEI: COREGONIDAE: COREGONUS). Evolution 2017; 53:1857-1871. [PMID: 28565465 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb04568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1998] [Accepted: 05/12/1999] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studies on north temperate fish species indicate that new habitat availability following the last ice sheet retreat has promoted ecological speciation in postglacial lakes. Extensive ecophenotypic polymorphisms observed among the North American Great Lakes ciscoes suggest that this fish group has radiated through trophic adaptation and reproductive isolation. This study aims at relating the ecomorphological and genetic polymorphisms expressed by the Lake Nipigon ciscoes to evaluate the likelihood of an intralacustrine divergence driven by the exploitation of alternative resources. Morphological variation and trophic and spatial niches are characterized and contrasted among 203 individuals. Genetic variation at six microsatellite loci is also analyzed to appraise the extent of genetic differentiation among these morphotypes. Ecomorphological data confirm the existence of four distinct morphotypes displaying various levels of trophic and depth niche overlap and specialization. However, ecological and morphological variations were not coupled as expected, suggesting that trophic morphology is not always predictive of ecology. Although extensive genetic variability was observed, little genetic differentiation was found among morphotypes, with only one morph being slightly but significantly differentiated. Contrasting patterns of morphological, ecological, and genetic polymorphisms did not support the hypothesis of ecological speciation: the most ecologically different forms were morphologically most similar, while the only genetically differentiated morph was the least ecologically specialized. The low levels of genetic differentiation and the congruence between θ and φ estimates altogether suggest a recent (most likely postglacial) process of divergence and/or high gene flow among morphs A, C, and D, whereas higher φ estimates for comparison involving morph B suggest that this morph may be derived from another colonizing lineage exchanging little genes with the other morphs. Patterns of ecophenotypic and genetic diversity are also compatible with a more complex evolutionary history involving hybridization and introgression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Turgeon
- GIROQ, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| | - Arnaud Estoup
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Poissons, INRA, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- GIROQ, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1K 7P4
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
|
56
|
|
57
|
dePamphilis CW, Wyatt R. ELECTROPHORETIC CONFIRMATION OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN
AESCULUS
(HIPPOCASTANACEAE) AND THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A BROAD HYBRID ZONE. Evolution 2017; 44:1295-1317. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1990.tb05233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/1988] [Accepted: 12/20/1989] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Wyatt
- Department of Botany University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Long RW, Bush SE, Grady KC, Smith DS, Potts DL, D'Antonio CM, Dudley TL, Fehlberg SD, Gaskin JF, Glenn EP, Hultine KR. Can local adaptation explain varying patterns of herbivory tolerance in a recently introduced woody plant in North America? CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 5:cox016. [PMID: 28852513 PMCID: PMC5570027 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cox016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of woody-plant mortality have been linked to global-scale environmental changes, such as extreme drought, heat stress, more frequent and intense fires, and episodic outbreaks of insects and pathogens. Although many studies have focussed on survival and mortality in response to specific physiological stresses, little attention has been paid to the role of genetic heritability of traits and local adaptation in influencing patterns of plant mortality, especially in non-native species. Tamarix spp. is a dominant, non-native riparian tree in western North America that is experiencing dieback in some areas of its range due to episodic herbivory by the recently introduced northern tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata). We propose that genotype × environment interactions largely underpin current and future patterns of Tamarix mortality. We anticipate that (i) despite its recent introduction, and the potential for significant gene flow, Tamarix in western North America is generally adapted to local environmental conditions across its current range in part due to hybridization of two species; (ii) local adaptation to specific climate, soil and resource availability will yield predictable responses to episodic herbivory; and (iii) the ability to cope with a combination of episodic herbivory and increased aridity associated with climate change will be largely based on functional tradeoffs in resource allocation. This review focusses on the potential heritability of plant carbon allocation patterns in Tamarix, focussing on the relative contribution of acquired carbon to non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) pools versus other sinks as the basis for surviving episodic disturbance. Where high aridity and/or poor edaphic position lead to chronic stress, NSC pools may fall below a minimum threshold because of an imbalance between the supply of carbon and its demand by various sinks. Identifying patterns of local adaptation of traits related to resource allocation will improve forecasting of Tamarix population susceptibility to episodic herbivory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall W. Long
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Bldg 520, RM 4001, Fl 4L, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Susan E. Bush
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kevin C. Grady
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - David S. Smith
- Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna, Pitzer and Scripps Colleges, 925 N. Mills Ave, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Daniel L. Potts
- Biology Department, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA
| | - Carla M. D'Antonio
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco St, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Tom L. Dudley
- Marine Science Institute, University of California-Santa Barbara, Bldg 520, RM 4001, Fl 4L, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Shannon D. Fehlberg
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| | - John F. Gaskin
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 1500 North Central Avenue, Sidney, MT 59270, USA
| | - Edward P. Glenn
- Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 1428 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kevin R. Hultine
- Department of Research, Conservation and Collections, Desert Botanical Garden, 1201 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, AZ 85008, USA
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Ortego J, Gugger PF, Sork VL. Impacts of human-induced environmental disturbances on hybridization between two ecologically differentiated Californian oak species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:942-955. [PMID: 27621132 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization, which can be involved in local adaptation and in speciation processes, has been linked to different sources of anthropogenic disturbance. Here, we use genotypic data to study range-wide patterns of genetic admixture between the serpentine-soil specialist leather oak (Quercus durata) and the widespread Californian scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia). First, we estimated hybridization rates and the direction of gene flow. Second, we tested the hypothesis that genetic admixture increases with different sources of environmental disturbance, namely anthropogenic destruction of natural habitats and wildfire frequency estimated from long-term records of fire occurrence. Our analyses indicate considerable rates of hybridization (> 25%), asymmetric gene flow from Q. durata into Q. berberidifolia, and a higher occurrence of hybrids in areas where both species live in close parapatry. In accordance with the environmental disturbance hypothesis, we found that genetic admixture increases with wildfire frequency, but we did not find a significant effect of other sources of human-induced habitat alteration (urbanization, land clearing for agriculture) or a suite of ecological factors (climate, elevation, soil type). Our findings highlight that wildfires constitute an important source of environmental disturbance, promoting hybridization between two ecologically well-differentiated native species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, 301 Braddock Road, Frostburg, MD, 21532, USA
| | - Victoria L Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Box 957239, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1496, USA
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Kleinman K. "Bringing Taxonomy to the Service of Genetics": Edgar Anderson and Introgressive Hybridization. JOURNAL OF THE HISTORY OF BIOLOGY 2016; 49:603-624. [PMID: 26869463 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-016-9436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In introgressive hybridization (the repeated backcrossing of hybrids with parental populations), Edgar Anderson found a source for variation upon which natural selection could work. In his 1953 review article "Introgressive Hybridization," he asserted that he was "bringing taxonomy to the service of genetics" whereas distinguished colleagues such as Theodosius Dobzhansky and Ernst Mayr did the precise opposite. His work as a geneticist particularly focused on linkage and recombination and was enriched by collaborations with Missouri Botanical Garden colleagues interested in taxonomy as well as with cytologists C.D. Darlington and Karl Sax. As the culmination of a biosystemtatic research program, Anderson's views challenged the mainstream of the Evolutionary Synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kleinman
- Webster University/Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ji Y, Sun Y, Gao W, Chu K, Wang R, Zhao Q, Sun H. Out of the Sichuan Basin: Rapid species diversification of the freshwater crabs in Sinopotamon (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae) endemic to China. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 100:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
62
|
Zelener N, Tosto D, de Oliveira LO, Soldati MC, Inza MV, Fornes LF. Molecular evidence of hybrid zones of Cedrela (Meliaceae) in the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 102:45-55. [PMID: 27215942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the Yungas of Northwestern Argentina, three endangered species of Cedrela (C. angustifolia, C. saltensis, and C. balansae) follow altitudinal gradients of distribution with contact zones between them. We sampled 210 individuals from 20 populations that spanned most of Cedrela's geographical range in the Yungas, and used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers and DNA sequences of the nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) to investigate hybrid zones. Data analyses employed an array of complementary methods, including principal coordinate analyses, Bayesian clustering analyses, maximum likelihood tree-building, and network techniques. Both nuclear molecular systems - AFLP and ITS - provided insights into the evolutionary history of Cedrela in the Yungas in a congruent manner. We uncovered strong support for the occurrence of natural hybridization between C. balansae and C. saltensis. Additionally, we identified hybrid zones in areas of sympatry (at both the Calilegua National Park and the San Andrés farm) and in transition zones from 820 to 1100meters above sea level (localities of Pintascayo and Acambuco). There was no evidence for hybridization of either C. balansae or C. saltensis with C. angustifolia. The role of hybrid populations in conservation and use of genetic resources in the Yungas were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Zelener
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA Castelar-CIRN-CNIA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto (ex Las Cabañas) s.n., Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniela Tosto
- Instituto de Biotecnología, INTA Castelar-CICVyA-CNIA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto (ex Las Cabañas) s.n., Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luiz Orlando de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - María Cristina Soldati
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA Castelar-CIRN-CNIA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto (ex Las Cabañas) s.n., Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - María Virginia Inza
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, INTA Castelar-CIRN-CNIA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto (ex Las Cabañas) s.n., Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ortego J, Noguerales V, Gugger PF, Sork VL. Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:6188-208. [PMID: 26547661 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors promoting species formation is a major task in evolutionary research. Here, we employ an integrative approach to study the evolutionary history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex (genus Quercus). To infer the relative importance of geographical isolation and ecological divergence in driving the speciation process, we (i) analysed inter- and intraspecific patterns of genetic differentiation and employed an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework to evaluate different plausible scenarios of species divergence. In a second step, we (ii) linked the inferred divergence pathways with current and past species distribution models (SDMs) and (iii) tested for niche differentiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism across taxa. ABC analyses showed that the most plausible scenario is the one considering the divergence of two main lineages followed by a more recent pulse of speciation. Genotypic data in conjunction with SDMs and niche differentiation analyses support that different factors (geography vs. environment) and modes of speciation (parapatry, allopatry and maybe sympatry) have played a role in the divergence process within this complex. We found no significant relationship between genetic differentiation and niche overlap, which probably reflects niche lability and/or that multiple factors, have contributed to speciation. Our study shows that different mechanisms can drive divergence even among closely related taxa representing early stages of species formation and exemplifies the importance of adopting integrative approaches to get a better understanding of the speciation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Noguerales
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, EBD-CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, E-41092, Seville, Spain
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Box 957239, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Victoria L Sork
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Box 957239, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1496, USA
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cannon CH, Lerdau M. Variable mating behaviors and the maintenance of tropical biodiversity. Front Genet 2015; 6:183. [PMID: 26042148 PMCID: PMC4437050 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current theoretical studies on mechanisms promoting species co-existence in diverse communities assume that species are fixed in their mating behavior. Each species is a discrete evolutionary unit, even though most empirical evidence indicates that inter-specific gene flow occurs in plant and animal groups. Here, in a data-driven meta-community model of species co-existence, we allow mating behavior to respond to local species composition and abundance. While individuals primarily out-cross, species maintain a diminished capacity for selfing and hybridization. Mate choice is treated as a variable behavior, which responds to intrinsic traits determining mate choice and the density and availability of sympatric inter-fertile individuals. When mate choice is strongly limited, even low survivorship of selfed offspring can prevent extinction of rare species. With increasing mate choice, low hybridization success rates maintain community level diversity for extended periods of time. In high diversity tropical tree communities, competition among sympatric congeneric species is negligible, because direct spatial proximity with close relatives is infrequent. Therefore, the genomic donorship presents little cost. By incorporating variable mating behavior into evolutionary models of diversification, we also discuss how participation in a syngameon may be selectively advantageous. We view this behavior as a genomic mutualism, where maintenance of genomic structure and diminished inter-fertility, allows each species in the syngameon to benefit from a greater effective population size during episodes of selective disadvantage. Rare species would play a particularly important role in these syngameons as they are more likely to produce heterospecific crosses and transgressive phenotypes. We propose that inter-specific gene flow can play a critical role by allowing genomic mutualists to avoid extinction and gain local adaptations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Cannon
- Key Lab in Tropical Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Lerdau
- Key Lab in Tropical Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, China
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Ietswaart JH, Feij AE. A multivariate analysis of introgression betweenQuercus roburandQ. petraeain The Netherlands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1989.tb01355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. H. Ietswaart
- Biological Laboratory; Free University; De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - A. E. Feij
- Biological Laboratory; Free University; De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Aflitos SA, Sanchez-Perez G, de Ridder D, Fransz P, Schranz ME, de Jong H, Peters SA. Introgression browser: high-throughput whole-genome SNP visualization. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:174-182. [PMID: 25704554 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Breeding by introgressive hybridization is a pivotal strategy to broaden the genetic basis of crops. Usually, the desired traits are monitored in consecutive crossing generations by marker-assisted selection, but their analyses fail in chromosome regions where crossover recombinants are rare or not viable. Here, we present the Introgression Browser (iBrowser), a bioinformatics tool aimed at visualizing introgressions at nucleotide or SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) accuracy. The software selects homozygous SNPs from Variant Call Format (VCF) information and filters out heterozygous SNPs, multi-nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels). For data analysis iBrowser makes use of sliding windows, but if needed it can generate any desired fragmentation pattern through General Feature Format (GFF) information. In an example of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) accessions we visualize SNP patterns and elucidate both position and boundaries of the introgressions. We also show that our tool is capable of identifying alien DNA in a panel of the closely related S. pimpinellifolium by examining phylogenetic relationships of the introgressed segments in tomato. In a third example, we demonstrate the power of the iBrowser in a panel of 597 Arabidopsis accessions, detecting the boundaries of a SNP-free region around a polymorphic 1.17 Mbp inverted segment on the short arm of chromosome 4. The architecture and functionality of iBrowser makes the software appropriate for a broad set of analyses including SNP mining, genome structure analysis, and pedigree analysis. Its functionality, together with the capability to process large data sets and efficient visualization of sequence variation, makes iBrowser a valuable breeding tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Alves Aflitos
- Applied Bioinformatics, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
67
|
Adderley S, Sun G. Molecular evolution and nucleotide diversity of nuclear plastid phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene in Triticeae (Poaceae). Gene 2014; 533:142-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
68
|
Cullingham CI, Cooke JE, Coltman DW. Effects of introgression on the genetic population structure of two ecologically and economically important conifer species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). Genome 2013; 56:577-85. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2013-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Forest trees exhibit a remarkable range of adaptations to their environment, but as a result of frequent and long-distance gene flow, populations are often only weakly differentiated. Lodgepole and jack pine hybridize in western Canada, which adds the opportunity for introgression through hybridization to contribute to population structure and (or) adaptive variation. Access to large sample size, high density SNP datasets for these species would improve our ability to resolve population structure, parameterize introgression, and separate the influence of demography from adaptation. To accomplish this, 454 transcriptome reads for lodgepole and jack pine were assembled using Newbler and MIRA, the assemblies mined for SNPs, and 1536 SNPs were selected for typing on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids (N = 536). We identified population structure using both Bayesian clustering and discriminate analysis of principle components. Introgressed SNP loci were identified and their influence on observed population structure was assessed. We found that introgressed loci resulted in increased differentiation both within lodgepole and jack pine populations. These findings are timely given the recent mountain pine beetle population expansion in the hybrid zone, and will facilitate future studies of adaptive traits in these ecologically important species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I. Cullingham
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Janice E.K. Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - David W. Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, CW 405 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Fritsch PW, Cruz BC. Phylogeny of Cercis based on DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and four plastid regions: Implications for transatlantic historical biogeography. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 62:816-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
70
|
Abstract
SynopsisThe morphological variation between and within species of Betula has resulted in taxonomic confusion which chromosome studies have been aimed at reducing. The paper briefly reviews the general situation and summarizes recent work at Aberdeen.Betula forms a polyploid series with chromosome numbers ranging from 2n = 28 to 2n = 84. The native British arborescent birches B. pendula and B. pubescens Ehrh. have respectively 2n = 28 and 2n = 56 chromosomes. Meiosis is essentially regular but many phenomena occur which may account for the production of gametes with non-haploid chromosome numbers. Variation in somatic chromosome number within the leaf tissues of both species is common and trees have been identified whose modal chromosome counts lie between 28 and 56. Some of these trees are of hybrid origin while others may aneuploid B. pubescens. The former types are sterile while the latter cross freely amongst themselves and with 2n = 28 and 2n=56 trees.
Collapse
|
71
|
RISSLER LESLIEJ, SMITH WALTERH. Mapping amphibian contact zones and phylogeographical break hotspots across the United States. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:5404-16. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
72
|
Cheang CC, Chu KH, Ang PO. Phylogeography of the marine macroalga Sargassum hemiphyllum (Phaeophyceae, Heterokontophyta) in northwestern Pacific. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2933-48. [PMID: 20584136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sargassum hemiphyllum is commonly found in Japan and Korea, with a variety, var. chinense, that is found distributed in the southern Chinese coast. We previously reported distinct genetic differentiation between the two taxa based on the PCR-RFLP data of plastid RubiscoL-S spacer. The present study aims at elucidating the phylogeographic pattern of S. hemiphyllum based on more markers in the nuclear and extranuclear genomes, with a view to reveal the occurrence of hybridization. The two allopatrically distributed taxa were found to be genetically distinct in nuclear ITS2, plastidial Rubisco (Rbc) and mitochondrial TrnW_I (Trn) spacers. Their divergence was postulated to be attributable to the vicariant event which resulted from the isolation of the Sea of Japan during the late Miocene (6.58-11.25 Mya). Divergence within both S. hemiphyllum and the chinense variety was observed based on Trn spacer, while the divergence in S. hemiphyllum was further confirmed in Rbc spacer. This divergence appears to correspond to the separation of the Japanese populations between the Sea of Japan and the Pacific that occurred around 0.92-2.88 Mya (the early Pleistocene). The presence of an ITS2 clone resembling var. chinense sequences in a Japanese population of S. hemiphyllum (JpNS) raises the possibility of the introgression of var. chinense individuals into S. hemiphyllum population. Compared to that between S. hemiphyllum and the chinense variety, hybridization among the Japanese and Korean populations of S. hemiphyllum is highly probable as all these individuals share a pool of nuclear ITS2 sequences, possibly attributable to incomplete concerted evolution of ITS2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Cheang
- Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, Department of Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
73
|
Amtmann VE. Biometrische Untersuchungen zur introgressiven Hybridisation der Waldmaus (Apodemus sylvaticus Linné, 1758) und der Gelbhalsmaus (Apodernus tauricus Pallas, 1811). J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.1965.tb00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
74
|
|
75
|
Christensen KI. A morphometric study of the Pinus mugo Turra complex and its natural hybridization with P. sylvestris L. (Pinaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/fedr.19870981113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
76
|
ELDER HY, GARROD DJ, WHITEHEAD PJP. Natural hybrids of the African cichlid fishes Tilapia spilurus nigra and T. leucosticta: a case of hybrid introgression. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1971.tb00173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
77
|
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Chiba
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Sendai, 980–8578 Japan E‐mail:
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Spellman GM, Riddle B, Klicka J. Phylogeography of the mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli): diversification, introgression, and expansion in response to Quaternary climate change. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:1055-68. [PMID: 17305860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03199.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the late 1990s, molecular techniques have fuelled debate about the role of Pleistocene glacial cycles in structuring contemporary avian diversity in North America. The debate is still heated; however, there is widespread agreement that the Pleistocene glacial cycles forced the repeated contraction, fragmentation, and expansion of the North American biota. These demographic processes should leave genetic 'footprints' in modern descendants, suggesting that detailed population genetic studies of contemporary species provide the key to elucidating the impact of the late Quaternary (late Pleistocene-Holocene). We present an analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in the mountain chickadee (Poecile gambeli) in an attempt to examine the genetic evidence of the impact of the late Quaternary glacial cycles. Phylogenetic analyses reveal two strongly supported clades of P. gambeli: an Eastern Clade (Rocky Mountains and Great Basin) and a Western Clade (Sierra Nevada and Cascades). Post-glacial introgression is apparent between these two clades in the Mono Lake region of Central California. Within the Eastern Clade there is evidence of isolation-by-distance in the Rocky Mountain populations, and of limited gene flow into and around the Great Basin. Coalescent analysis of genetic variation in the Western Clade indicates that northern (Sierra Nevada/Cascades) and southern (Transverse/Peninsular Ranges) populations have been isolated and evolving independently for nearly 60,000 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garth M Spellman
- Marjorie Barrick Museum of Natural History, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland PKWY, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Neyland R, Merchant M. SYSTEMATIC RELATIONSHIPS OF SARRACENIACEAE INFERRED FROM NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA SEQUENCES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3120/0024-9637(2006)53[223:srosif]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
80
|
Swenson NG. Gis-based niche models reveal unifying climatic mechanisms that maintain the location of avian hybrid zones in a North American suture zone. J Evol Biol 2006; 19:717-25. [PMID: 16674568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The existence of suture zones in North America has recently been verified, yet the environmental factors responsible for the maintenance of their structure and position have remained undetermined. The Great Plains suture zone in the US is perhaps the most significant and broadly studied in North America. Numerous avian hybrid zones that cluster in this region have been extensively studied over the last half-century. A primary result of this work is that exogenous factors present in this region have promoted and maintained avian species divergence. Yet, to date the variables most important in the generation and the clustered positioning of these hybrid zones in relation to one another have not been determined. The present study aims to advance our understanding of this North American suture zone by using niche modelling to quantify which environmental variables are most important in its formation and maintenance. Through the generation of fundamental niches for four hybrids and their parental species, similarities linking the hybrid zones were uncovered. The results show that temperature holds this suture zone in position and also suggest that temperature played a primary role in promoting niche differentiation among these sister species pairs during Pleistocene glacial cycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N G Swenson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Swenson NG, Howard DJ. Clustering of Contact Zones, Hybrid Zones, and Phylogeographic Breaks in North America. Am Nat 2005; 166:581-91. [PMID: 16224723 DOI: 10.1086/491688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A recent test for the existence of suture zones in North America, based on hybrid zones studied since 1970, found support for only two of the 13 suture zones identified by Remington in 1968 (Swenson and Howard 2004). One limitation of that recent study was the relatively small number of hybrid zones available for mapping. In this study, we search for evidence of clustering of contact zones between closely related taxa using data not only from hybrid zones but from species range maps of trees, birds, and mammals and from the position of phylogeographic breaks within species. Digital geographic range maps and a geographic information system approach allowed for accurate and rapid mapping of distributional data. Areas of contact between closely related species and phylogeographic breaks within species clustered into areas characterized by common physiographic features or predicted by previously hypothesized glacial refugia. The results underscore the general importance of geographic barriers to dispersal (mountain chains) and climate change (periods of cooling alternating with periods of warming, which lead to the contraction and expansion of species ranges) in species evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
82
|
Horse Chestnut: Cultivation for Ornamental Purposes and Non-Food Crop Production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1300/j044v11n01_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
83
|
Chiba S. APPEARANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL NOVELTY IN A HYBRID ZONE BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF LAND SNAIL. Evolution 2005. [DOI: 10.1554/04-521.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
84
|
Abstract
Remington (1968) argued that 13 suture zones exist in North America. Remington defined a suture zone as, "a band of geographic overlap between major biotic assemblages, including some pairs of species or semispecies which hybridize in the zone" (p. 322). Although initially controversial, the idea that suture zones exist has picked up momentum over the past decade, due largely to the phylogeographic work of Hewitt, Avise, and their colleagues. Nevertheless, the reality of suture zones has not yet been subjected to rigorous analysis using statistical and geographic information system (GIS) approaches. To test for the existence of Remington's suture zones, we first identified 117 terrestrial hybrid zones in Canada and the United States through a literature search for the key words "cline," "contact zone," "hybrid zone," and "hybridization" in articles published between 1970 and 2002. The 117 hybrid zones were mapped using a GIS approach and compared with a digitized version of Remington's original suture zone map. Overall, there does appear to be an association between hybrid zones and suture zones, but this association is largely attributable to clustering of hybrid zones in only two of the 13 suture zones recognized by Remington. The results suggest that evolutionary biologists should retain some skepticism toward Remington's suture zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003-8001, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
85
|
|
86
|
Belahbib N, Pemonge MH, Ouassou A, Sbay H, Kremer A, Petit RJ. Frequent cytoplasmic exchanges between oak species that are not closely related: Quercus suber and Q. ilex in Morocco. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:2003-12. [PMID: 11555243 DOI: 10.1046/j.0962-1083.2001.01330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chloroplast (cp) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA variation were studied in 97 populations of cork oak (Quercus suber) in Morocco; in 31 of these populations, holm oak (Quercus ilex), a clearly distinct species, also occurred and was compared with Q. suber. Three cpDNA and one mtDNA primer pairs were used in the survey, each in combination with one restriction enzyme. Six haplotypes belonging to two very divergent lineages were detected; one lineage predominates in each species, and is probably ancestral, as inferred from comparisons with other oak species. In the mixed-species populations, cytoplasmic genomes were frequently shared across species, as indicated by an introgression ratio of 0.63. This index is a new measure of the propensity of species to share locally genetic markers, varying from zero (complete differentiation) to one (no differentiation). By contrast, more closely related deciduous oak species (Q. robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens) have introgression ratios varying from 0.82 to 0.97. The introgression events appear to have been more frequent in the direction Q. ilex (female) x Q. suber (male), a finding which seems attributable to the flowering phenology of these two species. This asymmetry may have favoured immigration of Q. suber beyond its main range, in regions already colonized by Q. ilex. There, rare hybridization and further introgression through long distance pollen flow have established populations that are morphologically indistinguishable from Q. suber but that have cytoplasmic genomes originating from the local Q. ilex populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Belahbib
- Université Ibn Tofail, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, BP 133, 14000 Kénitra, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
87
|
Abstract
Flavonoids of 11 samples of Cercis, comprising seven species, were isolated and identified. Only 3-O-monoglycosides of kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin were obtained. Bauhinia (the largest genus in tribe Cercideae) is akin to Cercis because flavones are rarely found in the former. On the other hand, species of Bauhinia often present glycosides of isorhamnetin and a wider diversity of glycosides, and only rarely present myricetin. The frequent occurrence of this flavonol and the simpler flavonoid profile of Cercis may reflect a greater antiquity of Cercis as compared with Bauhinia. With the exception of C. canadensis var. mexicana, Cercis taxa from xerophytic habitats did not yield kaempferol glycosides in detectable amounts, as opposed to taxa from mesophytic habitats. The results obtained are consistent with proposals of merging C. reniformis into synonymy of C. occidentalis, as well as the recognition of two North American species, C. canadensis and C. occidentalis, and the recognition of the Asian C. gigantea.
Collapse
|
88
|
Orians CM, Bolnick DI, Roche BM, Fritz RS, Floyd T. Water availability alters the relative performance of Salix sericea,Sralix eriocephala, and their F1 hybrids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/b99-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seedlings of Salix eriocephala Michx., Salix sericea Marsh., and their F1 hybrids were tested for their growth under contrasting water conditions. One-year old seedlings were grown in pots and subjected to one of two experiments, a scheduled-watering experiment (watered every 1, 4, 8, or 12 days) or a dry-down experiment (no watering after an initial period without water limitation). In the scheduled-watering experiment, short-term growth of hybrids was suppressed relative to the parents. However, subsequent watering allowed hybrids to recover. By the end of the 48-day experiments, hybrids exhibited heterosis across all treatments. In the dry-down experiment, hybrids again were highly susceptible to the onset of drought conditions. From these results, we hypothesize that temporal and spatial variability in water availability could determine the survivorship of hybrids and the frequency of introgression; high water availability may enhance the relative performance of hybrids, while low water availability may limit hybrids.Key words: Salicaceae, willows, hybridization, water relations, performance, heterosis.
Collapse
|
89
|
Premoli AC. Allozyme polymorphisms, outerossing rates, and hybridization of South AmericanNothofagus. Genetica 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00132581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
90
|
Brasier CM. Episodic selection as a force in fungal microevolution, with special reference to clonal speciation and hybrid introgression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/b95-381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Episodic selection encompasses any sudden environmental disturbance likely to lead to a significant alteration in a species' population structure. Such disturbances include geographical transposition, a change in substrate availability, exposure to a new host or a new vector, climate change, and pollution stress. Today, such events may often be brought about by man. Their role in the promotion of fungal microevolution is discussed. In some circumstances, episodic selection may result in the emergence of a highly fitted clone from an originally heterogeneous population, and sustained disturbance may lead to clonal speciation. Clonal speciation accompanied by loss of sexual function, whether under episodic selection or under less intensive but analagous environmental conditions, could account for the origin of many of today's imperfect taxa (Deuteromycotina). Geographical transposition, a special form of episodic selection, can lead to hybridization between previously allopatric species. This may result in modifications to existing species via the acquisition of new loci or cytoplasmic elements, in the production of new taxa via secondary speciation, or in the emergence of hybrid swarms. Episodic selection will also favour survival of novel genotypes by providing new habitats for exploitation, so encouraging novel evolutionary development. Key words: episodic selection, fungal speciation, hybridization, introgression.
Collapse
|
91
|
Schwenk K, Spaak P. Evolutionary and ecological consequences of interspecific hybridization in cladocerans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02143199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
92
|
A three-trophic-level analysis of the effects of plant hybridization on a leaf-mining moth. Oecologia 1994; 100:66-73. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00317131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/1994] [Accepted: 06/30/1994] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
93
|
Abbott RJ, Irwin JA, Ashton PA. Genetic diversity for esterases in the recently evolved stabilized introgressant, Senecio vulgaris L. var. hibernicus Syme, and its parental taxa S. vulgaris L. var. vulgaris L. and S. squalidus L. Heredity (Edinb) 1992. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1992.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
94
|
Wöhrmann K. [Contribution to the discussion on the release of transgenic organisms. II. Ecologic aspects]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1991; 78:209-14. [PMID: 1852217 DOI: 10.1007/bf01136081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Problems which might be caused by the release of transgenic organisms are discussed from the viewpoint of genetics, population genetics and ecology. On this background, the differences between "classical" methods to recombine genetic information and the more recent ones of gene engineering are pointed out and the predictability of gene interactions is discussed. Moreover, the possibility of uncontrolled reproduction of released transgenic organisms and the distribution of manipulated genes are demonstrated on the basis of our knowledge on nontransgenic organisms. Finally, the problems of risk assessment are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Wöhrmann
- Biologisches Institut, Universität Tübingen, FRG
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Arnold ML, Contreras N, Shaw DD. Biased gene conversion and asymmetrical introgression between subspecies. Chromosoma 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00330703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
96
|
Lieder U. Die Arten der UntergattungEubosmina Seligo, 1900 (Crustacea: Cladocera, Bosminidae). ZOOSYST EVOL 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.4830590202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
97
|
Palmer JD, Shields CR, Cohen DB, Orton TJ. Chloroplast DNA evolution and the origin of amphidiploid Brassica species. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1983; 65:181-9. [PMID: 24263412 DOI: 10.1007/bf00308062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/1983] [Accepted: 01/15/1983] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The origin and evolution of a hybrid species complex in the genus Brassica (cabbage, turnip, mustard, rapeseed oil) has been explored through mutational analysis of the maternally inherited chloroplast genome. A detailed chloroplast DNA phylogeny enables identification of the maternal parent for most of the amphidiploids examined and permits quantitative resolution of the relative time of hybridization as well as the relative divergence of the diploid parents. Contradictory chloroplast and nuclear phylogenies obtained for two accessions of the amphidiploid B. napus (rapeseed oil) lead to the hypothesis that introgressive hybridization has also figured in their recent evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Palmer
- Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Plant Biology, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
98
|
Lieder U. Introgression as a Factor in the Evolution of Polytypical Plankton Cladocera. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/iroh.19830680214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
99
|
On introgressive hybridization and its significance in the evolution of plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02852434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
100
|
Mauersberger G. Anmerkungen zur Avifauna Nordkoreas. ZOOSYST EVOL 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/mmnz.4830570303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|