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A Lean and Performant Hierarchical Model for Human Activity Recognition Using Body-Mounted Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113090. [PMID: 32486068 PMCID: PMC7308842 DOI: 10.3390/s20113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Here we propose a new machine learning algorithm for classification of human activities by means of accelerometer and gyroscope signals. Based on a novel hierarchical system of logistic regression classifiers and a relatively small set of features extracted from the filtered signals, the proposed algorithm outperformed previous work on the DaLiAc (Daily Life Activity) and mHealth datasets. The algorithm also represents a significant improvement in terms of computational costs and requires no feature selection and hyper-parameter tuning. The algorithm still showed a robust performance with only two (ankle and wrist) out of the four devices (chest, wrist, hip and ankle) placed on the body (96.8% vs. 97.3% mean accuracy for the DaLiAc dataset). The present work shows that low-complexity models can compete with heavy, inefficient models in classification of advanced activities when designed with a careful upstream inspection of the data.
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Zucchi B, Mangone M, Agostini F, Paoloni M, Petriello L, Bernetti A, Santilli V, Villani C. Movement Analysis with Inertial Measurement Unit Sensor After Surgical Treatment for Distal Radius Fractures. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:151-161. [PMID: 32461820 PMCID: PMC7247043 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2019.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inertial measurement unit (IMU) has recently been used to evaluate a movement of a body segment to provide accurate information of movement's characteristics. IMU systems have been validated to successfully measure joint angle during upper limb range of motion (ROM). The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate, using an IMU, the ROM recovery of the wrist after surgical treatment for distal-radius fractures with Kirschner wire fixation (KWF) or with volar plate fixation (VPF) and screws. To assess pain in the wrist joint, muscle-fatigue (MF), and functional difficulties in activities of daily living, we evaluated the patients through patient-related wrist evaluation questionnaire (PRWE) scale, disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scale, Hand Grip Strength (HGS), and surface electromyography (EMG). We used a single IMU composed of three-axis gyroscope, a three-axis accelerometer, and a magnetometer. We calculated the value of ROM as a percentage with respect to the unaffected wrist. We also recorded surface-EMG signals over biceps brachialis, flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi radialis (ECR), and pronator teres muscles. Forty patients were recruited for our study. Ulnar deviation (UD) was significantly higher for VPF than for KWF (p = 0.017); supination was significantly higher for VPF than for KWF (p = 0.031). The percentage of decay of the median frequency of FCR of volar plate was significantly higher than KWF. The HGS of KWF was significantly higher than VPF. In literature, there were no significant differences between the two types of treatment at long-term follow-up. Our results demonstrate a superior efficacy of VPF in terms of ROM improvement in UD and supination, but for these patients, muscle fatigue is greater than the KWF group. Based on the data available, VPF is similar to KWF for the treatment of distal radius fractures. The IMU sensor could be used in the future to evaluate ROM after surgery during patient's rehabilitation and to compare the effects with stratified analysis regarding age and fracture type, paralleled with cost-effectiveness analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Zucchi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mangone
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Agostini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Paoloni
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Petriello
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernetti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Valter Santilli
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Villani
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Godin JP, Martin FP, Breton I, Schoepfer A, Nydegger A. Total and activity-induced energy expenditure measured during a year in children with inflammatory bowel disease in clinical remission remain lower than in healthy controls. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3147-3152. [PMID: 32147199 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often associated with growth retardation due to malnutrition. However, knowledge on total energy expenditure (TEE), active-induced energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity remains limited in children with IBD. OBJECTIVE Assessment of TEE using the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, resting energy expenditure (REE) using indirect calorimetry, and physical activity level using the actigraph GT3X+ in children with IBD (in remission) and healthy controls. METHODS TEE, REE, AEE and physical activity were measured in 21 children with IBD and 24 healthy controls at baseline. IBD children parameters were monitored further after 6 and 12 months. Predicted REE and TEE values (using Schoefield and the actigraph GT3X+, for REE and TEE respectively) were compared to measured values. RESULTS Mean ages at baseline were 14.8 ± 1.5 and 13.2 ± 2 years in children with IBD and in healthy control children, respectively. Measured TEEDLW was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in children with IBD compared to the healthy control group. REE corrected by FFM0.5, REE and AEE were also significantly lower in children with IBD. Children with IBD had AEE of 17.5% of TEE and had a significantly higher sedentary behaviour as compared to healthy children. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that TEE and AEE are reduced in children with IBD in clinical remission which may result in a reduced moderate and vigorous physical activity level. Our result also highlights that the actigraph GT3X + might give good prediction of TEE in children with IBD at group level but it remains highly variable at individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Godin
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO BOX 44, 1000-6, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Isabelle Breton
- Nestlé Research, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, PO BOX 44, 1000-6, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alain Schoepfer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Nydegger
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
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O’ Halloran PD, Holden J, Breckon J, Davidson M, Rahayu W, Monfries M, Taylor NF. Embedded Motivational Interviewing combined with a smartphone app to increase physical activity in people with sub-acute low back pain: Study protocol of a cluster randomised control trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2020; 17:100511. [PMID: 31956722 PMCID: PMC6957877 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivational Interviewing is an evidence-based, client-centred counselling technique that has been used effectively to increase physical activity, including for people with low back pain. One barrier to implementing Motivational Interviewing in health care settings more broadly is the extra treatment time with therapists. The aim of this paper is to describe the design of a cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of an intervention that pairs Motivational Interviewing embedded into usual physiotherapy care with a specifically designed app to increase physical activity in people with sub-acute low back pain. METHODS The study is a cluster randomised controlled in which patients aged over 18 years who have sub-acute low back pain (3-12 weeks duration) are recruited from four public hospital outpatient clinics. Based on the recruitment site, participants either receive usual physiotherapy care or the Motivational Interviewing intervention over 6 consecutive weekly outpatient sessions with a specifically designed app designed to facilitate participant-led physical activity behaviour change in between sessions. Outcome measures assessed at baseline and 7 weeks are: physical activity as measured by accelerometer (primary outcome), and pain-related activity restriction and pain self-efficacy (secondary outcomes). Postintervention interviews with physiotherapists and participants will be conducted as part of a process evaluation. DISCUSSION This intervention, which comprises trained physiotherapists conducting conversations about increasing physical activity with their patients in a manner consistent with Motivational Interviewing as part of usual care combined with a specifically designed app, has potential to facilitate behaviour change with minimal extra therapist time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D O’ Halloran
- La Trobe University, School of Psychology and Public Health, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Jason Holden
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3086
| | - Jeff Breckon
- Sheffield Hallam University, Academy of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK
| | - Megan Davidson
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia, 3086
| | - Wenny Rahayu
- La Trobe University, School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Melissa Monfries
- RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Nicholas F. Taylor
- La Trobe University, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, Bundoora, Victoria, 3086, Australia
- Eastern Health, Arnold St, Box Hill, Victoria, 3128, Australia
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Edney SM, Olds TS, Ryan JC, Vandelanotte C, Plotnikoff RC, Curtis RG, Maher CA. A Social Networking and Gamified App to Increase Physical Activity: Cluster RCT. Am J Prev Med 2020; 58:e51-e62. [PMID: 31959326 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Appealing approaches to increasing physical activity levels are needed. This study evaluated whether a social and gamified smartphone app (Active Team) could be one such approach. STUDY DESIGN A 3-group cluster RCT compared the efficacy of Active Team with a basic self-monitoring app and waitlist control group. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Australian adults (N=444, mean age of 41 years, 74% female) were recruited in teams (n=121) and randomly assigned (1:1:1) to the Active Team (n=141, 39 teams), self-monitoring app (n=160, 42 teams), or waitlist group (n=143, 40 teams). Data were collected in 2016-2017, and analysis was conducted in 2018-2019. INTERVENTION Active Team is a 100-day app-based, gamified, online social networking physical activity intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was change in objective physical activity from baseline to 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included objective physical activity at 9 months and self-reported physical activity, quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress, well-being, and engagement. RESULTS Mixed models indicated no significant differences in objective physical activity between groups at 3 (F=0.17, p=0.84; Cohen's d=0.03, 95% CI= -0.21, 0.26) or 9 months (F=0.23, p=0.92; d=0.06, 95% CI= -0.17, 0.29) and no significant differences for secondary outcomes of quality of life, depression, anxiety and stress, or well-being. Self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was significantly higher in the Active Team group at the 9-month follow-up (F=3.05, p=0.02; d=0.50, 95% CI=0.26, 0.73). Engagement was high; the Active Team group logged steps on an average of 72 (SD=35) days and used the social and gamified features an average of 89 (SD=118) times. CONCLUSIONS A gamified, online social networking physical activity intervention did not change objective moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, though it did increase self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and achieve high levels of engagement. Future work is needed to understand if gamification, online social networks, and app-based approaches can be leveraged to achieve positive behavior change. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (protocol: ANZCTR12617000113358).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Edney
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Tim S Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jillian C Ryan
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Institute for Health and Social Science Research, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ronald C Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel G Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol A Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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The Association Between Time-Use Behaviors and Physical and Mental Well-Being in Adults: A Compositional Isotemporal Substitution Analysis. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:197-203. [PMID: 31918406 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence links activity domains with health and well-being; however, research has typically examined time-use behaviors independently, rather than considering daily activity as a 24-hour time-use composition. This study used compositional data analysis to estimate the difference in physical and mental well-being associated with reallocating time between behaviors. METHODS Participants (n = 430; 74% female; 41 [12] y) wore an accelerometer for 7 days and reported their body mass index; health-related quality of life (QoL); and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Regression models determined whether time-use composition, comprising sleep, sedentary behavior, light physical activity (LPA), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), was associated with well-being. Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the difference in well-being associated with reallocating time between behaviors. RESULTS Time-use composition was associated with body mass index and physical health-related QoL. Reallocating time to MVPA from sleep, sedentary behavior, and LPA showed favorable associations with body mass index and physical health-related QoL, whereas reallocations from MVPA to other behaviors showed unfavorable associations. Reallocations from LPA to sedentary behavior were associated with better physical health-related QoL and vice versa. CONCLUSION Results reinforce the importance of MVPA for physical health but do not suggest that replacing sedentary behavior with LPA is beneficial for health and well-being.
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Neikrug AB, Chen IY, Palmer JR, McCurry SM, Von Korff M, Perlis M, Vitiello MV. Characterizing Behavioral Activity Rhythms in Older Adults Using Actigraphy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E549. [PMID: 31963889 PMCID: PMC7014517 DOI: 10.3390/s20020549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wrist actigraphy has been used to assess sleep in older adult populations for nearly half a century. Over the years, the continuous raw activity data derived from actigraphy has been used for the characterization of factors beyond sleep/wake such as physical activity patterns and circadian rhythms. Behavioral activity rhythms (BAR) are useful to describe individual daily behavioral patterns beyond sleep and wake, which represent important and meaningful clinical outcomes. This paper reviews common rhythmometric approaches and summarizes the available data from the use of these different approaches in older adult populations. We further consider a new approach developed in our laboratory designed to provide graphical characterization of BAR for the observed behavioral phenomenon of activity patterns across time. We illustrate the application of this new approach using actigraphy data collected from a well-characterized sample of older adults (age 60+) with osteoarthritis (OA) pain and insomnia. Generalized additive models (GAM) were implemented to fit smoothed nonlinear curves to log-transformed aggregated actigraphy-derived activity measurements. This approach demonstrated an overall strong model fit (R2 = 0.82, SD = 0.09) and was able to provide meaningful outcome measures allowing for graphical and parameterized characterization of the observed activity patterns within this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel B. Neikrug
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Ivy Y. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Jake R. Palmer
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2113, Australia;
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Susan M. McCurry
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Michael Von Korff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.V.K.); (M.V.V.)
| | - Michael Perlis
- Penn Behavioral Sleep Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Michael V. Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (M.V.K.); (M.V.V.)
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Curtis RG, Olds T, Plotnikoff R, Vandelanotte C, Edney S, Ryan J, Maher C. Validity and bias on the online active Australia survey: activity level and participant factors associated with self-report bias. BMC Med Res Methodol 2020; 20:6. [PMID: 31924171 PMCID: PMC6954551 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-020-0896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the criterion validity of the online Active Australia Survey, using accelerometry as the criterion, and whether self-report bias was related to level of activity, age, sex, education, body mass index and health-related quality of life. Methods The online Active Australia Survey was validated against the GENEActiv accelerometer as a direct measure of activity. Participants (n = 344) wore an accelerometer for 7 days, completed the Active Australia Survey, and reported their health and demographic characteristics. A Spearman’s rank coefficient examined the association between minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity recorded on the Active Australia Survey and GENEActiv accelerometer. A Bland-Altman plot illustrated self-report bias (the difference between methods). Linear mixed effects modelling was used to examine whether participant factors predicted self-report bias. Results The association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reported on the online Active Australia Survey and accelerometer was significant (rs = .27, p < .001). Participants reported 4 fewer minutes per day on the Active Australia Survey than was recorded by accelerometry (95% limits of agreement −104 – 96 min) but the difference was not significant (t(343) = −1.40, p = .16). Self-report bias was negatively associated with minutes of accelerometer-recorded moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and positively associated with mental health-related quality of life. Conclusions The online Active Australia Survey showed limited criterion validity against accelerometry. Self-report bias was related to activity level and mental health-related quality of life. Caution is recommended when interpreting studies using the online Active Australia Survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel G Curtis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Ronald Plotnikoff
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, 4702, Australia
| | - Sarah Edney
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jillian Ryan
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
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Laja García AI, Moráis-Moreno C, Samaniego-Vaesken MDL, Puga AM, Varela-Moreiras G, Partearroyo T. Association between Hydration Status and Body Composition in Healthy Adolescents from Spain. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2692. [PMID: 31703309 PMCID: PMC6893474 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, obesity and overweight are major public health concerns. Their classical determinants do not sufficiently explain the current situation and it is urgent to investigate other possible causes. In recent years, it has been suggested that water intake could have important implications for weight management. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of hydration status on body weight and composition in healthy adolescents from Spain. The study involved 372 subjects, aged 12-18 years. Water intake was assessed through the validated "hydration status questionnaire adolescent young". Anthropometric measurements were performed according to the recommendations of the International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (ISAK) and body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Water intake normalized by body weight was positively correlated with body water content (boys (B): r = 0.316, p = 0.000; girls (G): r = 0.245, p = 0.000) and inversely with body mass index (BMI) (B: r = -0.515, p = 0.000; G: r = -0.385, p =0.000) and fat body mass (B: r = -0.306, p = 0.000; G: r = -0.250, p = 0.001). Moreover, according to BMI, overweight/obese individuals consumed less water than normal weight ones. In conclusion, higher water balance and intake seems to be related with a healthier body composition. In conclusion, higher water balance and intake is associated with a healthier body composition.
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White T, Westgate K, Hollidge S, Venables M, Olivier P, Wareham N, Brage S. Estimating energy expenditure from wrist and thigh accelerometry in free-living adults: a doubly labelled water study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:2333-2342. [PMID: 30940917 PMCID: PMC7358076 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0352-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy expenditure (AEE) and consequently total energy expenditure (TEE) has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of acceleration intensity at wrist and thigh sites as estimates of AEE and TEE under free-living conditions using a gold-standard criterion. METHODS Measurements for 193 UK adults (105 men, 88 women, aged 40-66 years, BMI 20.4-36.6 kg m-2) were collected with triaxial accelerometers worn on the dominant wrist, non-dominant wrist and thigh in free-living conditions for 9-14 days. In a subsample (50 men, 50 women) TEE was simultaneously assessed with doubly labelled water (DLW). AEE was estimated from non-dominant wrist using an established estimation model, and novel models were derived for dominant wrist and thigh in the non-DLW subsample. Agreement with both AEE and TEE from DLW was evaluated by mean bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation. RESULTS Mean TEE and AEE derived from DLW were 11.6 (2.3) MJ day-1 and 49.8 (16.3) kJ day-1 kg-1. Dominant and non-dominant wrist acceleration were highly correlated in free-living (r = 0.93), but less so with thigh (r = 0.73 and 0.66, respectively). Estimates of AEE were 48.6 (11.8) kJ day-1 kg-1 from dominant wrist, 48.6 (12.3) from non-dominant wrist, and 46.0 (10.1) from thigh; these agreed strongly with AEE (RMSE ~12.2 kJ day-1 kg-1, r ~ 0.71) with small mean biases at the population level (~6%). Only the thigh estimate was statistically significantly different from the criterion. When combining these AEE estimates with estimated REE, agreement was stronger with the criterion (RMSE ~1.0 MJ day-1, r ~ 0.90). CONCLUSIONS In UK adults, acceleration measured at either wrist or thigh can be used to estimate population levels of AEE and TEE in free-living conditions with high precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom White
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Westgate
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefanie Hollidge
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Patrick Olivier
- Open Lab, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Smith KE, Mason TB, Juarascio A, Schaefer LM, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Wonderlich SA. Moving beyond self-report data collection in the natural environment: A review of the past and future directions for ambulatory assessment in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:1157-1175. [PMID: 31313348 PMCID: PMC6942694 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to repeatedly assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms in naturalistic settings, which has allowed for increased understanding of temporal processes that potentiate ED behaviors. However, there remain notable limitations of self-report EMA, and with the rapid proliferation of technology there are ever-increasing possibilities to improve ambulatory assessment methods to further the understanding and treatment of EDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (a) systematically review the studies in EDs that have utilized ambulatory assessment methods other than self-report, and (b) provide directions for future research and clinical applications. METHOD A systematic literature search of electronic databases was conducted, and data regarding study characteristics and methodological quality were extracted. RESULTS The search identified 17 studies that used ambulatory assessment methods to gather objective data, and focused primarily on autonomic functioning, physical activity, and cognitive processes in ED and control groups. DISCUSSION Together the literature demonstrates the promise of using a range of ecologically valid ambulatory assessment approaches in EDs, though there remains limited research that has utilized methods other than self-report (e.g., wearable sensors), particularly in recent years. Going forward, there are several technology-enhanced momentary assessment methods that have potential to improve the understanding and treatment of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lauren M Schaefer
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Ross D Crosby
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Scott G Engel
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Stephen A Wonderlich
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
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Abstract
Obesity is a major health issue in both developed and developing countries. The balance between energy intake and exercise is important, and measurements of both energy intake and energy expenditure are required. Many studies have attempted to monitor energy intake via wearable technology, but no standard methods have yet been developed for this purpose. This is in marked contrast to the long history of measurement and estimation of energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in the laboratory. Energy expenditure associated with daily activity is the most important measure, although a number of alternative measures have also been proposed. This mini-review discusses the current status of energy expenditure measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyo Tamura
- Waseda University, Future Robotics Organization, Tokyo, Japan
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Kinnunen H, Häkkinen K, Schumann M, Karavirta L, Westerterp KR, Kyröläinen H. Training-induced changes in daily energy expenditure: Methodological evaluation using wrist-worn accelerometer, heart rate monitor, and doubly labeled water technique. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219563. [PMID: 31291373 PMCID: PMC6619827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wrist-mounted motion sensors can quantify the volume and intensity of physical activities, but little is known about their long-term validity. Our aim was to validate a wrist motion sensor in estimating daily energy expenditure, including any change induced by long-term participation in endurance and strength training. Supplemental heart rate monitoring during weekly exercise was also investigated. METHODS A 13-day doubly labeled water (DLW) measurement of total energy expenditure (TEE) was performed twice in healthy male subjects: during two last weeks of a 12-week Control period (n = 15) and during two last weeks of a 12-week combined strength and aerobic Training period (n = 13). Resting energy expenditure was estimated using two equations: one with body weight and age, and another one with fat-free mass. TEE and activity induced energy expenditure (AEE) were determined from motion sensor alone, and from motions sensor combined with heart rate monitor, the latter being worn during exercise only. RESULTS When body weight and age were used in the calculation of resting energy expenditure, the motion sensor data alone explained 78% and 62% of the variation in TEE assessed by DLW at the end of Control and Training periods, respectively, with a bias of +1.75 (p <.001) and +1.19 MJ/day (p = .002). When exercise heart rate data was added to the model, the combined wearable device approach explained 85% and 70% of the variation in TEE assessed by DLW with a bias of +1.89 and +1.75 MJ/day (p <.001 for both). While significant increases in TEE and AEE were detected by all methods as a result of participation in regular training, motion sensor approach underestimated the change measured by DLW: +1.13±0.66 by DLW, +0.59±0.69 (p = .004) by motion sensor, and +0.98±0.70 MJ/day by combination of motion sensor and heart rate. Use of fat-free mass in the estimation of resting energy expenditure removed the biases between the wearable device estimations and the golden standard reference method of TEE and demonstrated a training-induced increase in resting energy expenditure by +0.18±0.13 MJ/day (p <.001). CONCLUSIONS Wrist motion sensor combined with a heart rate monitor during exercise sessions, showed high agreement with the golden standard measurement of daily TEE and its change induced by participation in a long-term training protocol. The positive findings concerning the validity, especially the ability to follow-up the change associated with a lifestyle modification, can be considered significant because they partially determine the feasibility of wearable devices as quantifiers of health-related behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannu Kinnunen
- Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Keijo Häkkinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Moritz Schumann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland
| | - Klaas R. Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Adil MT, Jain V, Rashid F, Al-Taan O, Al-Rashedy M, Jambulingam P, Whitelaw D. Meta-analysis of the effect of bariatric surgery on physical activity. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2019; 15:1620-1631. [PMID: 31358394 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity leads to impairment of physical activity as measured by an inability to perform activities of daily living. Literature on the effect of bariatric surgery on physical activity is conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of the effect of bariatric surgery on physical activity from studies employing objective measurement and self-reporting of physical activity before and after bariatric surgery. METHODS Bibliographic databases were searched systematically for relevant literature until December 31, 2018. Studies employing objective and self-reported measurement of physical activity were included. Study quality was assessed using Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies - of Interventions tool. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects model and presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Twenty studies identified 5886 patients suitable for the analysis. Physical activity showed significant improvement at 0-6 months (SMD: .50; 95% CI: .25-.76; P = .0001), >6-12 months (SMD: .58; 95% CI: .26-.91; P = .0004), and >12-36 months (SMD: .82; 95% CI: .27-1.36; P = .004) after bariatric surgery. Self-reported assessment after bariatric surgery showed significant improvement at 0-6 months (SMD: .65; 95% CI: .29-1.01; P = .0004), >6 to 12 months (SMD: .53; 95% CI: .18-.88; P = .003), and >12-36 months (SMD: .51; 95% CI: .46-.55; P < .00001). Objective assessment after bariatric surgery did not show improvement at 0-6 months (SMD: .31; 95%CI:-.05-.66; P = .09), but showed significant improvement at >6-12 months (SMD: .85; 95% CI:-.07-1.62; P = .03), and >12-36 months (SMD: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.13-2.86; P < .00001) after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery improves physical activity significantly in a population with obesity up to 3 years after surgery. Objective measurement of physical activity does not show significant improvement within 6 months of bariatric surgery but begins to improve at >6 months. Self-reported measurement of physical activity begins to show improvement within 6 months of a bariatric procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tanveer Adil
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom.
| | - Vigyan Jain
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Farhan Rashid
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Omer Al-Taan
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Al-Rashedy
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Periyathambi Jambulingam
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Whitelaw
- Department of Upper GI and Bariatric Surgery, Luton and Dunstable University Hospital, Luton, United Kingdom
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Siddall AG, Powell SD, Needham-Beck SC, Edwards VC, Thompson JES, Kefyalew SS, Singh PA, Orford ER, Venables MC, Jackson S, Greeves JP, Blacker SD, Myers SD. Validity of energy expenditure estimation methods during 10 days of military training. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1313-1321. [PMID: 31136027 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wearable physical activity (PA) monitors have improved the ability to estimate free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) but their application during arduous military training alongside more well-established research methods has not been widely documented. This study aimed to assess the validity of two wrist-worn activity monitors and a PA log against doubly labeled water (DLW) during British Army Officer Cadet (OC) training. For 10 days of training, twenty (10 male and 10 female) OCs (mean ± SD: age 23 ± 2 years, height 1.74 ± 0.09 m, body mass 77.0 ± 9.3 kg) wore one research-grade accelerometer (GENEActiv, Cambridge, UK) on the dominant wrist, wore one commercially available monitor (Fitbit SURGE, USA) on the non-dominant wrist, and completed a self-report PA log. Immediately prior to this 10-day period, participants consumed a bolus of DLW and provided daily urine samples, which were analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine TEE. Bivariate correlations and limits of agreement (LoA) were employed to compare TEE from each estimation method to DLW. Average daily TEE from DLW was 4112 ± 652 kcal·day-1 against which the GENEActiv showed near identical average TEE (mean bias ± LoA: -15 ± 851 kcal. day-1 ) while Fitbit tended to underestimate (-656 ± 683 kcal·day-1 ) and the PA log substantially overestimate (+1946 ± 1637 kcal·day-1 ). Wearable physical activity monitors provide a cheaper and more practical method for estimating free-living TEE than DLW in military settings. The GENEActiv accelerometer demonstrated good validity for assessing daily TEE and would appear suitable for use in large-scale, longitudinal military studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Siddall
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Steven D Powell
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Sarah C Needham-Beck
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Victoria C Edwards
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Jane E S Thompson
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Sarah S Kefyalew
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Priya A Singh
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elise R Orford
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah Jackson
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - Julie P Greeves
- Army Personnel Research Capability, Army Headquarters, Andover, UK
| | - Sam D Blacker
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Steve D Myers
- Occupational Performance Research Group, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
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Missud DC, Parot-Schinkel E, Connan L, Vielle B, Huez JF. Physical activity prescription for general practice patients with cardiovascular risk factors-the PEPPER randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:688. [PMID: 31159805 PMCID: PMC6547598 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of physical exercise have been shown to be important in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension, dyslipidaemia or diabetes. However, few strategies have demonstrated efficacy and practicality in the promotion of physical exercise among this group of patients in general practice. METHODS The PEPPER clinical study is a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy over a period of 12 months, in terms of physical activity level, of an intervention based on structured information delivery, a personalised written physical activity prescription in number of steps per day, a pedometer and a pedometer logbook, in 35 to 74-year-old patients with cardiovascular risk factors. 140 patients will be recruited in 15 GP practices and randomised in the intervention group or in the control group where patients will receive verbal advice of physical exercise. The primary outcome is the change at three months in total energy expenditure measured by an accelerometer over a 7-day period. Secondary outcomes include changes at 3 and 12 months in physical activity levels (accelerometer and International Physical Activity Questionnaire), quality of life (SF-36), blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, perceived obstacles to physical activity and patient compliance with the recommended strategy. Both groups will be compared using mixed models. DISCUSSION The results are expected at the end of 2019. If the intervention proves effective in durably increasing the level of physical activity, this strategy could be tested in a larger trial to examine its impact on cardiovascular diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION US National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry NCT02317003 , December 15, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elsa Parot-Schinkel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Cellule Méthodologie et Biostatistiques, Angers, France
| | | | - Bruno Vielle
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers, Cellule Méthodologie et Biostatistiques, Angers, France
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Wennman H, Pietilä A, Rissanen H, Valkeinen H, Partonen T, Mäki-Opas T, Borodulin K. Gender, age and socioeconomic variation in 24-hour physical activity by wrist-worn accelerometers: the FinHealth 2017 Survey. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6534. [PMID: 31024038 PMCID: PMC6483989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing movement over 24 hours increases our understanding of the total physical activity level and its patterns. In the FinHealth 2017 Survey, a population-based health examination study, 940 participants between 25 and 93 years were instructed to wear an accelerometer (Actigraph GT9X Link) on their non-dominant wrist for 24 hours on 7 consecutive days. Physical activity information was extracted from 100-Hz triaxial 60-second epoch data as average vector magnitude counts per minute (VM cpm). Results were analyzed by gender, 10-year age-groups, employment status, and education. Hourly means were plotted and compared. Analyses included 915 participants (44% men) who wore the device at least 10 hours on 4 or more days, with mean wear time being 149.5 hours (standard deviation of 615.2 minutes).Women had higher average VM cpm than men (p < 0.001), with significant gender differences in all age-groups until 65 years and older. Total physical activity was lower with age, unemployment, and retirement, where the hourly patterns mirrored the findings. Our findings agree with previous large-scale wrist-accelerometry data, but extend current knowledge by providing data on gender and socioeconomic variation in physical activity across 24 hours in a population-based adult sample representing a broad age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Wennman
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Arto Pietilä
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Valkeinen
- Ageing, Disability and Functioning Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Mäki-Opas
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Stanton R, Rosenkranz RR, Caperchione CM, Rebar AL, Savage TN, Mummery WK, Kolt GS. Validity and responsiveness to change of the Active Australia Survey according to gender, age, BMI, education, and physical activity level and awareness. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:407. [PMID: 30991980 PMCID: PMC6466730 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the validity of the Active Australia Survey across different subgroups and its responsiveness to change, as few previous studies have examined this. METHODS The Active Australia Survey was validated against the ActiGraph as an objective measure of physical activity. Participants (n = 465) wore the ActiGraph for 7 days and subsequently completed the Active Australia Survey. Moderate activity, vigorous activity and total moderate and vigorous physical activity were compared using Spearman rank-order correlations. Changes in physical activity between baseline and 3-month assessments were correlated to examine responsiveness to change. The data were stratified to assess outcomes according to different subgroups (e.g., gender, age, weight, activity levels). RESULTS With regards to the validity, a significant correlation of ρ = 0.19 was found for moderate physical activity, ρ = 0.33 for vigorous physical activity and ρ = 0.23 for moderate and vigorous physical activity combined. For vigorous physical activity correlations were higher than 0.3 for most subgroups, whereas they were only higher than 0.3 in those with a healthy weight for the other activity outcomes. With regards to responsiveness to change, a correlation of ρ = 0.32 was found for moderate physical activity, ρ = 0.19 for vigorous physical activity and ρ = 0.35 for moderate and vigorous physical activity combined. For moderate and vigorous activity combined correlations were higher than 0.4 for several subgroups, but never for vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Little evidence for the validity of Active Australia Survey was found, although the responsiveness to change was acceptable for several subgroups. Findings from studies using the Active Australia Survey should be interpreted with caution. TRIAL REGISTRATION World Health Organisation Universal Trial Number: U111-1119-1755. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000157976 . Registration date: 8 March 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneel Vandelanotte
- Physical Activity Research Group, School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD Australia
| | - Mitch J. Duncan
- School of Medicine & Public Health; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia
| | - Rob Stanton
- School of Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD Australia
| | - Richard R. Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS USA
| | - Cristina M. Caperchione
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Amanda L. Rebar
- Physical Activity Research Group, School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD Australia
| | - Trevor N. Savage
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - W. Kerry Mummery
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - Gregory S. Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Prince SA, Elliott CG, Scott K, Visintini S, Reed JL. Device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health and fitness across occupational groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:30. [PMID: 30940176 PMCID: PMC6444868 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With approximately 8 hours of one's waking day spent at work, occupational tasks and environments are important influencers on an individual's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours. Little research has compared device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic outcomes between occupational groups. OBJECTIVE To compare device-measured movement (sedentary time [ST], light intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA], and steps) across occupations. The secondary objective was to examine whether cardiometabolic and fitness outcomes differed by occupation. METHODS Five bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included working age, employed adults from high-income countries, and reported on device-measured movement within occupations. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses and narrative syntheses. RESULTS The review includes 132 unique studies with data from 15,619 participants. Working adults spent ~ 60% of their working and waking time engaged in sedentary behaviour; a very small proportion (~ 4%) of the day included MVPA. On average, workers accumulated 8124 steps/day. Office and call center workers' steps/day were among the lowest, while those of postal delivery workers were highest. Office workers had the greatest ST and the lowest time in LPA both at work and during wakeful time. However, office workers had the greatest minutes sent in MVPA during wakeful hours. Laborers had the lowest ST and spent a significantly greater proportion of their work time in LPA and MVPA. Healthcare and protective services workers had higher levels of LPA at work compared to other occupations. Workers in driving-based occupations tended to have a higher body mass index and blood pressure. CONCLUSION This review identifies that occupational and wakeful time PA and ST differed between occupations. Future studies are needed to assess whether patterns differ by age and sex, describe leisure-time movement and movement patterns, and the relationship with cardiometabolic health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017070448 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Prince
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Cara G. Elliott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
| | - Kyle Scott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Visintini
- Berkman Library, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Andreae C, Årestedt K, Evangelista L, Strömberg A. The relationship between physical activity and appetite in patients with heart failure: A prospective observational study. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2019; 18:410-417. [PMID: 30866679 DOI: 10.1177/1474515119836567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity and appetite are important components for maintaining health. Yet, the association between physical activity and appetite in heart failure (HF) populations is not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity, functional capacity, and appetite in patients with HF. METHODS This was a prospective observational study. In total, 186 patients diagnosed with HF, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV (mean age 70.7, 30% female), were included. Physical activity was measured using a multi-sensor actigraph for seven days and with a self-reported numeric rating scale. Physical capacity was measured by the six-minute walk test. Appetite was measured using the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire. Data were collected at inclusion and after 18 months. A series of linear regression analyses, adjusted for age, NYHA class, and B-type natriuretic peptide were conducted. RESULTS At baseline, higher levels of physical activity and functional capacity were significantly associated with a higher level of appetite in the unadjusted models. In the adjusted models, number of steps ( p = 0.019) and the six-minute walk test ( p = 0.007) remained significant. At the 18-month follow-up, all physical activity variables and functional capacity were significantly associated with appetite in the unadjusted regression models. In the adjusted models, number of steps ( p = 0.001) and metabolic equivalent daily averages ( p = 0.040) remained significant. CONCLUSION A higher level of physical activity measured by number of steps/day was associated with better self-reported appetite, both at baseline and the 18-month follow-up. Further research is needed to establish causality and explore the intertwined relationship between activity and appetite in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andreae
- 1 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science, Linköping University, Sweden.,2 Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Eskilstuna, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Årestedt
- 3 Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.,4 The Research Section, Region Kalmar County, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Strömberg
- 1 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Nursing Science, Linköping University, Sweden.,5 Sue and Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, USA.,6 Department of Cardiology, Linköping University, Sweden
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Adaptation and Validation of the Hydration Status Questionnaire in a Spanish Adolescent-Young Population: A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030565. [PMID: 30845753 PMCID: PMC6470467 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The achievement of adequate hydration status is essential for mental and physical performance and for health in general, especially in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known about hydration status of this population, mainly due to the limited availability of research tools; thus, the objective of the current study was to adapt and validate our hydration status questionnaire in a Spanish adolescent-young population. The questionnaire was validated against important hydration markers: urine colour, urine specific gravity, haemoglobin, haematocrit and total body water and involved 128 subjects aged between 12⁻17 years. Water intake was also estimated through a three-day dietary record and physical activity was assessed through accelerometers. Participants completed the questionnaire twice. Water balance and water intake were correlated with urine specific gravity and with total body water content. Water intake obtained by the questionnaire was correlated with results from the three-day dietary record. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated moderate concordance between both recordings and the Cronbach's alpha revealed high consistency. The Bland and Altman method indicated that the limits of agreement were acceptable to reveal the reliability of the estimated measures. In conclusion, this is the first time that a questionnaire is valid and reliable to estimate hydration status of adolescent-young populations.
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Redenius N, Kim Y, Byun W. Concurrent validity of the Fitbit for assessing sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. BMC Med Res Methodol 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30732582 PMCID: PMC6367836 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-019-0668-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in sensor technologies have promoted the use of consumer-based accelerometers such as Fitbit Flex in epidemiological and clinical research; however, the validity of the Fitbit Flex in measuring sedentary behavior (SED) and physical activity (PA) has not been fully determined against previously validated research-grade accelerometers such as ActiGraph GT3X+. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent validity of the Fitbit Flex against ActiGraph GT3X+ in a free-living condition. Methods A total of 65 participants (age: M = 42, SD = 14 years, female: 72%) each wore a Fitbit Flex and GT3X+ for seven consecutive days. After excluding sleep and non-wear time, time spent (min/day) in SED and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were estimated using various cut-points for GT3X+ and brand-specific algorithms for Fitbit, respectively. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA and mean absolute percent errors (MAPE) served to examine differences and measurement errors in SED and MVPA estimates between Fitbit Flex and GT3X+, respectively. Pearson and Spearman correlations and Bland-Altman (BA) plots were used to evaluate the association and potential systematic bias between Fitbit Flex and GT3X+. PROC MIXED procedure in SAS was used to examine the equivalence (i.e., the 90% confidence interval with ±10% equivalence zone) between the devices. Results Fitbit Flex produced similar SED and low MAPE (mean difference [MD] = 37 min/day, P = .21, MAPE = 6.8%), but significantly higher MVPA and relatively large MAPE (MD = 59–77 min/day, P < .0001, MAPE = 56.6–74.3%) compared with the estimates from GT3X+ using three different cut-points. The correlations between Fitbit Flex and GT3X+ were consistently higher for SED (r = 0.90, ρ = 0.86, P < .01), but weaker for MVPA (r = 0.65–0.76, ρ = 0.69–0.79, P < .01). BA plots revealed that there is no apparent bias in estimating SED. Conclusion In comparison with the GT3X+ accelerometer, the Fitbit Flex provided comparatively accurate estimates of SED, but the Fitbit Flex overestimated MVPA under free-living conditions. Future investigations using the Fitbit Flex should be aware of present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicklaus Redenius
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Youngwon Kim
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Wonwoo Byun
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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Farrahi V, Niemelä M, Kangas M, Korpelainen R, Jämsä T. Calibration and validation of accelerometer-based activity monitors: A systematic review of machine-learning approaches. Gait Posture 2019; 68:285-299. [PMID: 30579037 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective measures using accelerometer-based activity monitors have been extensively used in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) research. To measure PA and SB precisely, the field is shifting towards machine learning-based (ML) approaches for calibration and validation of accelerometer-based activity monitors. Nevertheless, various parameters regarding the use and development of ML-based models, including data type (raw acceleration data versus activity counts), sampling frequency, window size, input features, ML technique, accelerometer placement, and free-living settings, affect the predictive ability of ML-based models. The effects of these parameters on ML-based models have remained elusive, and will be systematically reviewed here. The open challenges were identified and recommendations are made for future studies and directions. METHOD We conducted a systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies published before July 2017 that used ML-based techniques for calibration and validation of accelerometer-based activity monitors. Additional articles were manually identified from references in the identified articles. RESULTS A total of 62 studies were eligible to be included in the review, comprising 48 studies that calibrated and validated ML-based models for predicting the type and intensity of activities, and 22 studies for predicting activity energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS It appears that various ML-based techniques together with raw acceleration data sampled at 20-30 Hz provide the opportunity of predicting the type and intensity of activities, as well as activity energy expenditure with comparable overall predictive accuracies regardless of accelerometer placement. However, the high predictive accuracy of laboratory-calibrated models is not reproducible in free-living settings, due to transitive and unseen activities together with differences in acceleration signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farrahi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Kangas
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Deaconess Institute, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Infotech, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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74
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Smith C, Galland B, Taylor R, Meredith-Jones K. ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical Wrist and Hip Worn Accelerometers for Sleep and Wake Indices in Young Children Using an Automated Algorithm: Validation With Polysomnography. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:958. [PMID: 31992999 PMCID: PMC6970953 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Our count-scaled algorithm automatically scores sleep across 24 hours to process sleep timing, quantity, and quality. The aim of this study was to validate the algorithm against overnight PSG in children to determine the best site placement for sleep. Methods: 28 children (5-8 years) with no history of sleep disturbance wore two types of accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X+ and Actical) at two sites (left hip, non-dominant wrist) for 24-h. Data were processed using the count-scaled algorithm. PSG data were collected using an in-home Type 2 device. PSG-actigraphy epoch sensitivity (sleep agreement) and specificity (wake agreement) were determined and sleep outcomes compared for timing (onset and offset), quantity [sleep period time (SPT) and total sleep time (TST)], and quality metrics [sleep efficiency and waking after sleep onset (WASO)]. Results: Overall, sensitivities were high (89.1% to 99.5%) and specificities low (21.1% to 45.7%). Sleep offset was accurately measured by actigraphy, regardless of brand or placement site. By contrast, sleep onset agreed with PSG using hip-positioned but not wrist-positioned devices (difference ActiGraph : PSG 21 min, P < .001; Actical : PSG 14 min, P < .001). The ActiGraph at the wrist accurately detected WASO and sleep efficiency, but under (-34 min, P < .001) and overestimated (5.8%, P < .001) these at the hip. The Actical under- and over-estimated these variables respectively at both sites. Results for TST varied ranging from significant differences to PSG of -26 to 21 min (ActiGraph wrist and hip respectively) and 9 min (ns) to 59 min for Actical (wrist and hip respectively). Conclusion: Overall the count-scaled algorithm produced high sensitivity at the expense of low specificity in comparison with PSG. A best site placement for estimates of all sleep variables could not be determined, but overall the results suggested ActiGraph GT3X+ at the hip may be superior for sleep timing and quantity metrics, whereas the wrist may be superior for sleep quality metrics. Both devices placed at the hip performed well for sleep timing but not for sleep quality. Differences are likely linked to freedom of movement of the wrist vs the trunk (hip) during overnight sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Smith
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Degroote L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Verloigne M, Poppe L, Crombez G. The Accuracy of Smart Devices for Measuring Physical Activity in Daily Life: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e10972. [PMID: 30545810 PMCID: PMC6315254 DOI: 10.2196/10972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wearables for monitoring physical activity (PA) are increasingly popular. These devices are not only used by consumers to monitor their own levels of PA but also by researchers to track the behavior of large samples. Consequently, it is important to explore how accurately PA can be tracked via these devices. Objectives The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate convergent validity of 3 Android Wear smartwatches—Polar M600 (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland), Huawei Watch (Huawei Technologies Co, Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China), Asus Zenwatch3 (AsusTek Computer Inc, Taipei, Taiwan)—and Fitbit Charge with an ActiGraph accelerometer for measuring steps and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on both a day level and 15-min level. Methods A free-living protocol was used in which 36 adults engaged in usual daily activities over 2 days while wearing 2 different wearables on the nondominant wrist and an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the hip. Validity was evaluated on both levels by comparing each wearable with the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer using correlations and Bland-Altman plots in IBM SPSS 24.0. Results On a day level, all devices showed strong correlations (Spearman r=.757-.892) and good agreement (interclass correlation coefficient, ICC=.695-.885) for measuring steps, whereas moderate correlations (Spearman r=.557-.577) and low agreement (ICC=.377-.660) for measuring MVPA. Bland-Altman revealed a systematic overestimation of the wearables for measuring steps but a variation between over- and undercounting of MVPA. On a 15-min level, all devices showed strong correlations (Spearman r=.752-.917) and good agreement (ICC=.792-.887) for measuring steps, whereas weak correlations (Spearman r=.116-.208) and low agreement (ICC=.461-.577) for measuring MVPA. Bland-Altman revealed a systematic overestimation of the wearables for steps but under- or overestimation for MVPA depending on the device. Conclusions In sum, all 4 consumer-level devices can be considered accurate step counters in free-living conditions. This study, however, provides evidence of systematic bias for all devices in measurement of MVPA. The results on a 15-min level also indicate that these devices are not sufficiently accurate to provide correct real-time feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Degroote
- Physical Activity & Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Health Psychology, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Physical Activity & Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Physical Activity & Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Poppe
- Physical Activity & Health, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Health Psychology, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Health Psychology, Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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76
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Westerterp KR. Physical activity and energy balance. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:1327-1330. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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77
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Martín-Calvo N, Martínez-González MÁ. Controversy and debate: Memory-Based Dietary Assessment Methods Paper 2. J Clin Epidemiol 2018; 104:125-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Migueles JH, Delisle Nyström C, Henriksson P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Ortega FB, Löf M. Accelerometer Data Processing and Energy Expenditure Estimation in Preschoolers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 51:590-598. [PMID: 30303935 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the capacity of different acceleration metrics from wrist accelerations to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) using doubly labeled water in preschool children. METHODS Thirty-nine preschoolers (5.5 ± 0.1 yr) were included. Total energy expenditure was measured using doubly labeled water during 14 d, and AEE was then calculated using a predicted basal metabolic rate. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their nondominant wrist for ≥5 d. We derived the following metrics from raw accelerations: raw ActiGraph activity counts using the normal filter and the low-frequency extension; and alternate summary metrics, such as the Euclidian norm minus 1g (ENMO), Euclidian norm of the high-pass-filtered accelerations (HFEN), the bandpass-filtered accelerations, the HFEN plus Euclidean norm of low-pass filtered accelerations minus 1g (HFEN+) and the mean amplitude deviation. RESULTS Alternate summary metrics explained a larger proportion of the variance in TEE and AEE than ActiGraph's activity counts (counts, 7-8 and 25% of TEE and AEE; alternate summary metrics, 13%-16% and 35%-39% of TEE and AEE). Adjustments for body weight and height resulted in an explanation of 51% of AEE by ENMO. All of the metrics adjusted for fat mass and fat-free mass explained up to 84% and 67% of TEE and AEE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS ENMO and the other alternate summary metrics explained more of the variance in TEE and AEE than the ActiGraph's activity counts in 5-yr-old children, suggesting further exploration of these variables in studies on physical activity and energy expenditure in preschoolers. Our results need confirmation in other populations with wider age groups and varying body compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | | | - Pontus Henriksson
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SWEDEN
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, SPAIN.,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SWEDEN
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, SWEDEN.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, SWEDEN
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Sparaco M, Lavorgna L, Conforti R, Tedeschi G, Bonavita S. The Role of Wearable Devices in Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Int 2018; 2018:7627643. [PMID: 30405913 PMCID: PMC6199873 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7627643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disorder in young adults. The prevalence of walking impairment in people with MS (pwMS) is estimated between 41% and 75%. To evaluate the walking capacity in pwMS, the patient reported outcomes (PROs) and performance-based tests (i.e., the 2-minute walk test, the 6-minute walk test, the Timed 25-Foot Walk Test, the Timed Up and Go Test, and the Six Spot Step Test) could be used. However, some studies point out that the results of both performance-based tests and objective measures (i.e., by accelerometer) could not reflect patient reports of walking performance and impact of MS on daily life. This review analyses different motion sensors embedded in smartphones and motion wearable device (MWD) that can be useful to measure free-living walking behavior, to evaluate falls, fatigue, sedentary lifestyle, exercise, and quality of sleep in everyday life of pwMS. Caveats and limitations of MWD such as variable accuracy, user adherence, power consumption and recharging, noise susceptibility, and data management are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sparaco
- 1st Clinic of Neurology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Lavorgna
- 1st Clinic of Neurology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Renata Conforti
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, C/o CTO Viale dei Colli Aminei 21, Naples, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- 1st Clinic of Neurology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Institute for Diagnosis and Care “Hermitage Capodimonte”, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bonavita
- 1st Clinic of Neurology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Piazza Miraglia, 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
- MRI Research Center SUN-FISM, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Institute for Diagnosis and Care “Hermitage Capodimonte”, Naples, Italy
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Sasai H, Nakata Y, Murakami H, Kawakami R, Nakae S, Tanaka S, Ishikawa-Takata K, Yamada Y, Miyachi M. Simultaneous Validation of Seven Physical Activity Questionnaires Used in Japanese Cohorts for Estimating Energy Expenditure: A Doubly Labeled Water Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:437-442. [PMID: 29709888 PMCID: PMC6143378 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) used in large-scale Japanese cohorts have rarely been simultaneously validated against the gold standard doubly labeled water (DLW) method. This study examined the validity of seven PAQs used in Japan for estimating energy expenditure against the DLW method. METHODS Twenty healthy Japanese adults (9 men; mean age, 32.4 [standard deviation {SD}, 9.4] years, mainly researchers and students) participated in this study. Fifteen-day daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured using the DLW method and a metabolic chamber, respectively. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated as TEE - BMR - 0.1 × TEE. Seven PAQs were self-administered to estimate TEE and AEE. RESULTS The mean measured values of TEE and AEE were 2,294 (SD, 318) kcal/day and 721 (SD, 161) kcal/day, respectively. All of the PAQs indicated moderate-to-strong correlations with the DLW method in TEE (rho = 0.57-0.84). Two PAQs (Japan Public Health Center Study [JPHC]-PAQ Short and JPHC-PAQ Long) showed significant equivalence in TEE and moderate intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). None of the PAQs showed significantly equivalent AEE estimates, with differences ranging from -547 to 77 kcal/day. Correlations and ICCs in AEE were mostly weak or fair (rho = 0.02-0.54, and ICC = 0.00-0.44). Only JPHC-PAQ Short provided significant and fair agreement with the DLW method. CONCLUSIONS TEE estimated by the PAQs showed moderate or strong correlations with the results of DLW. Two PAQs showed equivalent TEE and moderate agreement. None of the PAQs showed equivalent AEE estimation to the gold standard, with weak-to-fair correlations and agreements. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Ten Hoor GA, Rutten GM, Van Breukelen GJP, Kok G, Ruiter RAC, Meijer K, Kremers SPJ, Feron FJM, Crutzen R, Schols AMJW, Plasqui G. Strength exercises during physical education classes in secondary schools improve body composition: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:92. [PMID: 30253776 PMCID: PMC6156874 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic health in people with obesity is determined by body composition. In this study, we examined the influence of a combined strength exercise and motivational programme -embedded in the school curriculum- on adolescents body composition and daily physical activity. METHODS A total of 695 adolescents (11-15y) from nine Dutch secondary schools participated in a one year cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT). In the intervention schools, physical education teachers were instructed to spend 15-30 min of all physical education lessons (2× per week) on strength exercises. Monthly motivational lessons were given to stimulate students to be more physically active. Control schools followed their usual curriculum. The primary outcome measure was body composition assessed by the deuterium dilution technique. Daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour measured by accelerometry served as a secondary outcome. RESULTS After 1 year, a 1.6% fat mass difference was found in favour of the intervention group (p = .007). This reflected a 0.9 kg difference in fat free mass (intervention>control; p = .041) and 0.7 kg difference in fat mass (intervention CONCLUSION In 11-15 year olds, the combination of strength exercises plus motivational lessons contributed to an improvement in body composition and a smaller decrease in physical activity level. TRIAL REGISTRATION ID: ( NTR5676 - retrospectively registered 8 February 2016; enrolment of first participant: 2 March 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Ten Hoor
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G. M. Rutten
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G. J. P. Van Breukelen
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Kok
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R. A. C. Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K Meijer
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. P. J. Kremers
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F. J. M. Feron
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R. Crutzen
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A. M. J. W. Schols
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G. Plasqui
- Department of Human Biology and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Validity of a triaxial accelerometer and simplified physical activity record in older adults aged 64-96 years: a doubly labeled water study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2133-2146. [PMID: 30019086 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to examine the validity of a triaxial accelerometer (ACCTRI) and a simplified physical activity record (sPAR) in estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in older adults with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. METHODS A total of 44 Japanese elderly individuals (64-96 years), of which 28 were community-dwelling healthy adults with or without sporting habits (S or NS group) and 16 were care home residents with frailty (F group), were included in the study. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, TEE was obtained by the DLW method, and PAL was calculated as TEE/BMR. Daily step count was monitored by a pedometer (Lifecorder). The 24-h average metabolic equivalent was assessed by ACCTRI and sPAR. RESULTS The TEEDLW in men was 2704 ± 353, 2308 ± 442, and 1795 ± 338 kcal d-1, and that in women was 2260 ± 208, 1922 ± 285, and 1421 ± 274 kcal d-1 for the S, NS, and F groups, respectively. ACCTRI and sPAR systematically underestimated actual TEE (- 14.2 ± 11.6 and - 15.3 ± 12.3% for ACCTRI and sPAR, respectively). After diet-induced thermogenesis was taken into account for ACCTRI and sPAR, TEEDLW was significantly correlated with TEEACCTRI (R2 = 0.714) and TEEsPAR (R2 = 0.668). PALDLW was also significantly correlated with PALACCTRI (R2 = 0.438) and PALsPAR (R2 = 0.402). CONCLUSIONS Age, living conditions, frailty, and sporting habits contribute to TEE and PAL in the elderly population. ACCTRI and sPAR underestimated TEE and PAL, and adequate corrections are required. The corrected ACCTRI and sPAR are both useful tools to estimate TEE and PAL.
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Do weather changes influence physical activity level among older adults? - The Generation 100 study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199463. [PMID: 29979711 PMCID: PMC6034805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Understanding how individual and environmental factors impact physical activity (PA) level is important when building strategies to improve PA of older adults. No studies have examined how hour-to-hour weather changes influence PA in older adults or how the association between weather and PA eventually is related to cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measured as peak oxygen uptake. The aim of this study was therefore to examine how hour-to-hour changes in weather effects hour-to-hour PA in a cohort of Norwegian older adults across CRF levels, gender and seasons. Methods PA was assessed objectively in 1219 older adults (70–77 years, 51% females) using the Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer, and quantified as counts·min-1 (CPM). Weather (Norwegian meteorological Institute) and CRF (MetaMax II) were measured objectively. Panel data analysis added a longitudinal dimension when 110.888 hours of weather- and PA data were analyzed. Results Older adults had a higher PA level in warmer (597 CPM) than colder months (556 CPM) (p<0.01). Fixed effects regression-models revealed that increasing temperatures (per hour) influenced PA positively in both colder and warmer months (all, p<0.01), with greater influence in fitter vs. less fit participants (p<0.01). In warmer months, increasing precipitation negatively influenced PA in both unfit females and unfit males (p<0.01). In colder months, increasing precipitation positively influenced PA for moderately fit to fit males (p<0.01), but not for females and unfit males. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the association between weather conditions and objectively-measured-PA among Norwegian older adults. Our findings demonstrates that unfit older adults will be less likely to participate in PA when the weather is unpleasant, compared to those highly fit. The data suggests that the impact of weather should not be ignored when planning public health strategies for increasing PA among older adults.
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Understanding the Nature of Measurement Error When Estimating Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity via Physical Activity Recall. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:543-549. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) is used to estimate activity energy expenditure (AEE) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Bias and variance in estimates of AEE and MVPA from the PAQ have not been described, nor the impact of measurement error when utilizing the PAQ to predict biomarkers and categorize individuals.Methods: The PAQ was administered to 385 adults to estimate AEE (AEE:PAQ) and MVPA (MVPA:PAQ), while simultaneously measuring AEE with doubly labeled water (DLW; AEE:DLW) and MVPA with an accelerometer (MVPA:A).Results: Although AEE:PAQ [3.4 (2.2) MJ·d−1] was not significantly different from AEE:DLW [3.6 (1.6) MJ·d−1;P > .14], MVPA:PAQ [36.2 (24.4) min·d−1] was significantly higher than MVPA:A [8.0 (10.4) min·d−1;P < .0001]. AEE:PAQ regressed on AEE:DLW and MVPA:PAQ regressed on MVPA:A yielded not only significant positive relationships but also large residual variances. The relationships between AEE and MVPA, and 10 of the 12 biomarkers were underestimated by the PAQ. When compared with accelerometers, the PAQ overestimated the number of participants who met the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.Conclusions: Group-level bias in AEE:PAQ was small, but large for MVPA:PAQ. Poor within-participant estimates of AEE:PAQ and MVPA:PAQ lead to attenuated relationships with biomarkers and misclassifications of participants who met or who did not meet the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.
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85
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eHealth interventions to promote objectively measured physical activity in community-dwelling older people. Maturitas 2018; 113:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Garcia IFF, Tiuganji CT, Simões MDSMP, Lunardi AC. A study of measurement properties of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Rehabil 2018; 32:1374-1382. [PMID: 29865890 DOI: 10.1177/0269215518780488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the measurement properties (reliability, interpretability, and validity) of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire for older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DESIGN Clinimetric study. SETTING Pneumology service, ambulatory care, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive sample of older adults ( n = 62; 38 (61%) men, 24 (39%) women) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Life-Space Assessment questionnaire assesses five space levels visited by the older adult in four weeks prior to the assessment. We tested the following measurement properties of this questionnaire: reliability (reproducibility assessed by a type-2,1 intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1); internal consistency assessed by the Cronbach's alpha; measurement error by determining the standard error of measurement (SEM)), interpretability (minimum detectable change with 90% confidence (MDC90); ceiling and floor effects by calculating the proportion of participants who achieved the minimum and maximum scores), and validity by Pearson's correlation test between the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire scores and number of daily steps assessed by accelerometry. RESULTS Reproducibility (ICC2,1) was 0.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84-0.94), and internal consistency (Cronbach's α) was 0.80 (range = 0.76-0.80 for each item deleted). SEM was 3.65 points (3%), the MDC90 was 0.20 points, and we observed no ceiling (2%) or floor (6%) effects. We observed an association between the score of the Life-Space Assessment questionnaire and daily steps ( r = 0.43; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Life-Space Assessment questionnaire shows adequate measurement properties for the assessment of life-space mobility in older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Tiemi Tiuganji
- 1 Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Claudia Lunardi
- 1 Master's and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,2 Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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87
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Whitaker KM, Gabriel KP, Jacobs DR, Sidney S, Sternfeld B. Comparison of Two Generations of ActiGraph Accelerometers: The CARDIA Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:1333-1340. [PMID: 29381652 PMCID: PMC5953790 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the comparability of the ActiGraph 7164 and wGT3X-BT wear time, count-based estimates, and average time per day in physical activity of different intensities. METHODS We studied 87 Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) participants 48-60 yr of age who simultaneously wore the 7164 and wGT3X-BT accelerometers at the waist in 2015-2016, with wear time of ≥4 of 7 d, ≥10 h·d for both monitors. Freedson cutpoints (counts per minute) were used to define sedentary (<100), light (100-1951), moderate (1952-5724), and vigorous activity (≥5725). Agreement was evaluated using paired-difference tests, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots. Given systematic differences in count-based estimates between monitors, a calibration formula applied to the wGT3X-BT values was obtained by linear regression. RESULTS Total detected wear time minutes per day was nearly identical between the 7164 and the wGT3X-BT (881.5 ± 70.9 vs 880.3 ± 78.1, P = 0.72). The wGT3X-BT values were calibrated to the 7164 values by dividing counts by 1.088. After calibration, no differences were observed between the 7164 and the wGT3X-BT in total counts per day (310,184 ± 129,189 vs 307,085 ± 135,362, P = 0.48), average counts per min per day (349.5 ± 139.5 vs 346.5 ± 147.2, P = 0.54), sedentary (513.2 ± 93.6 vs 509.6 ± 98.6, P = 0.23), light (335.3 ± 81.5 vs 338.7 ± 81.1, P = 0.22), moderate (31.0 ± 21.9 vs 30.3 ± 23.4, P = 0.31), or moderate-to-vigorous minutes per day (33.1 ± 24.6 vs 32.0 ± 26.0, P = 0.13). A significant difference was observed for vigorous minutes per day (0.2 ± 1.0 vs 0.0 ± 0.3, P < 0.01); however, the absolute difference was marginal. Intraclass correlation coefficients showed excellent agreement for all measures (0.95-0.99). CONCLUSIONS After applying a calibration formula, the 7164 and wGT3X-BT were comparable for total wear time, count-based estimates, and average minutes per day in sedentary, light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous activity. Findings illustrate a novel methodological approach to facilitate accelerometer data harmonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara M. Whitaker
- Division of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health – Austin Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Austin, TX; Department of Women’s Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Reliability and Construct Validity of the SENS Motion® Activity Measurement System as a Tool to Detect Sedentary Behaviour in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS 2018; 2018:6596278. [PMID: 29686901 PMCID: PMC5852870 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6596278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity is important to address, and an objective way of measuring inactivity is by accelerometry. The objective of this study was to determine the reliability and construct validity of the SENS motion system to record physical activity and inactivity in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Participants with an age > 40 years and an average weekly pain above 0 on a numeric rating scale (0 = no pain, 10 = worst pain) were included. Participants had a total of two study visits and at each visit participants completed a standardized activity. Data from 24 participants were analysed. A mean agreement of 99% (SD 3%) for sedentary behaviour and a mean agreement of 97% (SD 9%) for active behaviour were found. The agreement for “walking” was 28% (SD 18%). Mean agreement between recordings on the two visits was 96% (SD 8%) for sedentary behaviour and 99% (SD 1%) for active behaviour. The SENS motion activity measurement system can be regarded as a reliable and valid device for measuring sedentary behaviour in patients with knee OA, whereas detection of walking is not reliable and would require further work.
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89
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Objective Improvement in Daily Physical Activity in Heart Failure Remains Elusive: A Systematic Review. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/cpt.0000000000000071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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90
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Creasy SA, Rynders CA, Bergouignan A, Kealey EH, Bessesen DH. Free-Living Responses in Energy Balance to Short-Term Overfeeding in Adults Differing in Propensity for Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:696-702. [PMID: 29570248 PMCID: PMC5868430 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Free-living adaptive responses to short-term overfeeding (OF) were explored as predictors of longitudinal weight change in adults classified as having obesity resistance (OR) or obesity proneness (OP) based on self-identification and personal/family weight history. METHODS Adults identified as OP (n = 21; BMI: 23.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2 ) and OR (n = 20; BMI: 20.2 ± 2.1 kg/m2 ) completed 3 days of eucaloric feeding (EU; 100% of energy needs) and 3 days of OF (140% of energy needs). Following each condition, adaptive responses in physical activity (PA), total daily energy expenditure, ad libitum energy intake, and energy balance were objectively measured for 3 days in a free-living environment. Body mass and composition were measured annually by using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for 5 years. Adaptive responses to OF were correlated with 5-year changes in body mass and composition. RESULTS Increases in sedentary time correlated with longitudinally measured changes in fat mass (r = 0.34, P = 0.04) in the cohort taken as a whole. Those with OP reduced their levels of PA following OF, whereas those with OR maintained or increased their PA. No other variables were found to correlate with weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Failure to decrease sedentary behavior following short-term OF is one mechanism that may be contributing to fat mass gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey A. Rynders
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- IPHC-DEPE, Universite de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- UMR 7178 Centre National de la Recherche scientifique (CNRS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Elizabeth H. Kealey
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Daniel H. Bessesen
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Denver Health Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Denver, Colorado, USA
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91
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Garnotel M, Bastian T, Romero-Ugalde HM, Maire A, Dugas J, Zahariev A, Doron M, Jallon P, Charpentier G, Franc S, Blanc S, Bonnet S, Simon C. Prior automatic posture and activity identification improves physical activity energy expenditure prediction from hip-worn triaxial accelerometry. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:780-790. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00556.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerometry is increasingly used to quantify physical activity (PA) and related energy expenditure (EE). Linear regression models designed to derive PAEE from accelerometry-counts have shown their limits, mostly due to the lack of consideration of the nature of activities performed. Here we tested whether a model coupling an automatic activity/posture recognition (AAR) algorithm with an activity-specific count-based model, developed in 61 subjects in laboratory conditions, improved PAEE and total EE (TEE) predictions from a hip-worn triaxial-accelerometer (ActigraphGT3X+) in free-living conditions. Data from two independent subject groups of varying body mass index and age were considered: 20 subjects engaged in a 3-h urban-circuit, with activity-by-activity reference PAEE from combined heart-rate and accelerometry monitoring (Actiheart); and 56 subjects involved in a 14-day trial, with PAEE and TEE measured using the doubly-labeled water method. PAEE was estimated from accelerometry using the activity-specific model coupled to the AAR algorithm (AAR model), a simple linear model (SLM), and equations provided by the companion-software of used activity-devices (Freedson and Actiheart models). AAR-model predictions were in closer agreement with selected references than those from other count-based models, both for PAEE during the urban-circuit (RMSE = 6.19 vs 7.90 for SLM and 9.62 kJ/min for Freedson) and for EE over the 14-day trial, reaching Actiheart performances in the latter (PAEE: RMSE = 0.93 vs. 1.53 for SLM, 1.43 for Freedson, 0.91 MJ/day for Actiheart; TEE: RMSE = 1.05 vs. 1.57 for SLM, 1.70 for Freedson, 0.95 MJ/day for Actiheart). Overall, the AAR model resulted in a 43% increase of daily PAEE variance explained by accelerometry predictions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although triaxial accelerometry is widely used in free-living conditions to assess the impact of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on health, its precision and accuracy are often debated. Here we developed and validated an activity-specific model which, coupled with an automatic activity-recognition algorithm, improved the variance explained by the predictions from accelerometry counts by 43% of daily PAEE compared with models relying on a simple relationship between accelerometry counts and EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Garnotel
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - T. Bastian
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - A. Maire
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - J. Dugas
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A. Zahariev
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - M. Doron
- CEA LETI MINATEC, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Jallon
- CEA LETI MINATEC, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Charpentier
- CERITD-BIOPARC GENOPOLE Evry, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - S. Franc
- CERITD-BIOPARC GENOPOLE Evry, Centre Hospitalier Sud-Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - S. Blanc
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - S. Bonnet
- CEA LETI MINATEC, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - C. Simon
- CARMEN, INSERM U1060/University of Lyon/INRA U1235, Lyon, France
- Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Mendelson M, Bailly S, Marillier M, Flore P, Borel JC, Vivodtzev I, Doutreleau S, Verges S, Tamisier R, Pépin JL. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Exercise Training Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29520251 PMCID: PMC5827163 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review of English and French articles using Pubmed/Medline and Embase included studies assessing objective physical activity levels of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and exploring the effects of exercise training on OSA severity, body mass index (BMI), sleepiness, and cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak)]. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. For objective physical activity levels, eight studies were included. The mean number of steps per day across studies was 5,388 (95% CI: 3,831–6,945; p < 0.001), which was by far lower than the recommended threshold of 10,000 steps per day. For exercise training, six randomized trials were included. There was a significant decrease in apnea–hypopnea-index following exercise training (mean decrease of 8.9 events/h; 95% CI: −13.4 to −4.3; p < 0.01), which was accompanied by a reduction in subjective sleepiness, an increase in VO2peak and no change in BMI. OSA patients present low levels of physical activity and exercise training is associated with improved outcomes. Future interventions (including exercise training) focusing on increasing physical activity levels may have important clinical impacts on both OSA severity and the burden of associated co-morbidities. Objective measurement of physical activity in routine OSA management and well-designed clinical trials are recommended. Registration # CRD42017057319 (Prospero).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Mendelson
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Bailly
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Marillier
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Flore
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Christian Borel
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,AGIR à Dom. Association, Meylan, France
| | - Isabelle Vivodtzev
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Louis Pépin
- 1HP2 Laboratory, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,U1042, INSERM, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Grenoble, France
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Dowd KP, Szeklicki R, Minetto MA, Murphy MH, Polito A, Ghigo E, van der Ploeg H, Ekelund U, Maciaszek J, Stemplewski R, Tomczak M, Donnelly AE. A systematic literature review of reviews on techniques for physical activity measurement in adults: a DEDIPAC study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:15. [PMID: 29422051 PMCID: PMC5806271 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The links between increased participation in Physical Activity (PA) and improvements in health are well established. As this body of evidence has grown, so too has the search for measures of PA with high levels of methodological effectiveness (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness to change). The aim of this “review of reviews” was to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodological effectiveness of currently employed measures of PA, to aid researchers in their selection of an appropriate tool. A total of 63 review articles were included in this review, and the original articles cited by these reviews were included in order to extract detailed information on methodological effectiveness. Self-report measures of PA have been most frequently examined for methodological effectiveness, with highly variable findings identified across a broad range of behaviours. The evidence-base for the methodological effectiveness of objective monitors, particularly accelerometers/activity monitors, is increasing, with lower levels of variability observed for validity and reliability when compared to subjective measures. Unfortunately, responsiveness to change across all measures and behaviours remains under-researched, with limited information available. Other criteria beyond methodological effectiveness often influence tool selection, including cost and feasibility. However, researchers must be aware of the methodological effectiveness of any measure selected for use when examining PA. Although no “perfect” tool for the examination of PA in adults exists, it is suggested that researchers aim to incorporate appropriate objective measures, specific to the behaviours of interests, when examining PA in free-living environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran P Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Science, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - Robert Szeklicki
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marco Alessandro Minetto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marie H Murphy
- School of Health Science, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK
| | - Angela Polito
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,The Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janusz Maciaszek
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Tomczak
- University School of Physical Education in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alan E Donnelly
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Yoshida A, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tanaka S, Suzuki N, Nakae S, Murata H, Taguchi M, Higuchi M. Validity of Combination Use of Activity Record and Accelerometry to Measure Free-Living Total Energy Expenditure in Female Endurance Runners. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 33:2962-2970. [PMID: 29389693 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Yoshida, A, Ishikawa-Takata, K, Tanaka, S, Suzuki, N, Nakae, S, Murata, H, Taguchi, M, and Higuchi, M. Validity of combination use of activity record and accelerometry to measure free-living total energy expenditure in female endurance runners. J Strength Cond Res 33(11): 2962-2970, 2019-Herein, we attempted to prove the validity of a new approach to assessing total energy expenditure (TEE) that combines activity recording and accelerometry in athletes. Eight female endurance runners participated in this study. We measured TEE over 8 days in the regular training season by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. In the combined method, an activity record of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was used to estimate energy expenditure (EE) during the training period, whereas a triaxial accelerometer was used to evaluate EE during the nontraining time over the TEE measurement period using the DLW method. Training EE was calculated from the subjects' individual rating of perceived exertion-EE correlations provided by the exercise tolerance test. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) was measured using indirect calorimetry. There were no significant differences in TEE, activity-induced EE (AEE), or physical activity level (PAL; TEE/RMR) between the DLW method and the combined method (TEE, 3,032 ± 344 vs. 3,033 ± 495 kcal·d; AEE, 1,585 ± 303 vs. 1,586 ± 442 kcal·d; and PAL, 2.68 ± 0.37 vs. 2.68 ± 0.48, respectively). Significant positive correlations and no systematic errors were observed in AEE and PAL. Intraclass correlation coefficients were high (TEE, 0.785; AEE, 0.841; and PAL, 0.779, respectively). These findings suggest that the combined method has high validity against the DLW method. Thus, the combined method would be able to estimate free-living TEE in the regular training season for female endurance runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Yoshida
- Faculty of Foof and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Suzuki
- Faculty of Contemporary Policy Studies, Josai University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Murata
- Waseda University Sustainable Food Supply, Agriculture, Bioscience Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoko Taguchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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95
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Chomistek AK, Yuan C, Matthews CE, Troiano RP, Bowles HR, Rood J, Barnett JB, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Bassett DR. Physical Activity Assessment with the ActiGraph GT3X and Doubly Labeled Water. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:1935-1944. [PMID: 28419028 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the degree to which four accelerometer metrics-total activity counts per day (TAC per day), steps per day (steps per day), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) (kcal·kg·d), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) (min·d)-were correlated with PAEE measured by doubly labeled water (DLW). Additionally, accelerometer metrics based on vertical axis counts and triaxial counts were compared. METHODS This analysis included 684 women and 611 men age 43 to 83 yr. Participants wore the Actigraph GT3X on the hip for 7 d twice during the study and the average of the two measurements was used. Each participant also completed one DLW measurement, with a subset having a repeat. PAEE was estimated by subtracting resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food from total daily energy expenditure estimated by DLW. Partial Spearman correlations were used to estimate associations between PAEE and each accelerometer metric. RESULTS Correlations between the accelerometer metrics and DLW-determined PAEE were higher for triaxial counts than vertical axis counts. After adjusting for weight, age, accelerometer wear time, and fat free mass, the correlation between TAC per day based on triaxial counts and DLW-determined PAEE was 0.44 in women and 0.41 in men. Correlations for steps per day and accelerometer-estimated PAEE with DLW-determined PAEE were similar. After adjustment for within-person variation in DLW-determined PAEE, the correlations for TAC per day increased to 0.61 and 0.49, respectively. Correlations between MVPA and DLW-determined PAEE were lower, particularly for modified bouts of ≥10 min. CONCLUSIONS Accelerometer measures that represent total activity volume, including TAC per day, steps per day, and PAEE, were more highly correlated with DLW-determined PAEE than MVPA using traditional thresholds and should be considered by researchers seeking to reduce accelerometer data to a single metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Chomistek
- 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; 2Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; 4Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 5Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; 6Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda MD; 7Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA; 8Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA; 9Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; 10Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and 11Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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96
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Ahn JW, Hwang SH, Yoon C, Lee J, Kim HC, Yoon HJ. Unobtrusive Estimation of Cardiorespiratory Fitness with Daily Activity in Healthy Young Men. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1947-1952. [PMID: 29115075 PMCID: PMC5680492 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.12.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness, no practical method exists to estimate maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) without a specific exercise protocol. We developed an estimation model of VO₂max, using maximal activity energy expenditure (aEEmax) as a new feature to represent the level of physical activity. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and acceleration data were recorded for 4 days in 24 healthy young men, and reference VO₂max levels were measured using the maximal exercise test. aEE was calculated using the measured acceleration data and body weight, while heart rate (HR) was extracted from the ECG signal. aEEmax was obtained using linear regression, with aEE and HR as input parameters. The VO₂max was estimated from the aEEmax using multiple linear regression modeling in the training group (n = 16) and was verified in the test group (n = 8). High correlations between the estimated VO₂max and the measured VO₂max were identified in both groups, with a 15-hour recording being sufficient to produce a highly accurate VO₂max estimate. Additional recording time did not significantly improve the accuracy of the estimation. Our VO₂max estimation method provides a robust alternative to traditional approaches while only requiring minimal data acquisition time in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong Woo Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Hee Hwang
- Research Institute, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chiyul Yoon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonnyong Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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97
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Gilgen-Ammann R, Koller M, Huber C, Ahola R, Korhonen T, Wyss T. Energy expenditure estimation from respiration variables. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15995. [PMID: 29167536 PMCID: PMC5700096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and cross-validate two models to estimate total energy expenditure (TEE) based on respiration variables in healthy subjects during daily physical activities. Ninety-nine male and female subjects systematically varying in age (18-60 years) and body mass index (BMI; 17-36 kg*m-2) completed eleven aerobic activities with a portable spirometer as the criterion measure. Two models were developed using linear regression analyses with the data from 67 randomly selected subjects (50.0% female, 39.9 ± 11.8 years, 25.1 ± 5.2 kg*m-2). The models were cross-validated with the other 32 subjects (49% female, 40.4 ± 10.7 years, 24.7 ± 4.6 kg*m-2) by applying equivalence testing and Bland-and-Altman analyses. Model 1, estimating TEE based solely on respiratory volume, respiratory rate, and age, was significantly equivalent to the measured TEE with a systematic bias of 0.06 kJ*min-1 (0.22%) and limits of agreement of ±6.83 kJ*min-1. Model 1 was as accurate in estimating TEE as Model 2, which incorporated further information on activity categories, heart rate, sex, and BMI. The results demonstrated that respiration variables and age can be used to accurately determine daily TEE for different types of aerobic activities in healthy adults across a broad range of ages and body sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Koller
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Céline Huber
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Thomas Wyss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
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98
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Garcia IFF, Tiuganji CT, Simões MDSMP, Santoro IL, Lunardi AC. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young-old adults' life-space mobility. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:2777-2785. [PMID: 29026295 PMCID: PMC5627755 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s146041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to assess whether dyspnea, peripheral muscle strength and the level of physical activity are correlated with life-space mobility of older adults with COPD. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty patients over 60 years of age (40 in the COPD group and 20 in the control group) were included. All patients were evaluated for lung function (spirometry), life-space mobility (University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging Life-Space Assessment), dyspnea severity (Modified Dyspnea Index), peripheral muscle strength (handgrip dynamometer), level of physical activity and number of daily steps (accelerometry). Groups were compared using unpaired t-test. Pearson's correlation was used to test the association between variables. RESULTS Life-space mobility (60.41±16.93 vs 71.07±16.28 points), dyspnea (8 [7-9] vs 11 [10-11] points), peripheral muscle strength (75.16±14.89 vs 75.50±15.13 mmHg), number of daily steps (4,865.4±2,193.3 vs 6,146.8±2,376.4 steps), and time spent in moderate to vigorous activity (197.27±146.47 vs 280.05±168.95 minutes) were lower among COPD group compared to control group (p<0.05). The difference was associated with the lower mobility of COPD group in the neighborhood. CONCLUSION Life-space mobility is decreased in young-old adults with COPD, especially at the neighborhood level. This impairment is associated to higher dyspnea, peripheral muscle weakness and the reduced level of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Tiemi Tiuganji
- Master’s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo
| | | | - Ilka Lopes Santoro
- Respiratory Division, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Claudia Lunardi
- Master’s and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo
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99
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Cerin E, Cain KL, Oyeyemi AL, Owen N, Conway TL, Cochrane T, VAN Dyck D, Schipperijn J, Mitáš J, Toftager M, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Sallis JF. Correlates of Agreement between Accelerometry and Self-reported Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:1075-84. [PMID: 26784274 PMCID: PMC4868646 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Purpose Understanding factors that influence accurate assessment of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) is important to measurement development, epidemiologic studies, and interventions. This study examined agreement between self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire—Long Form [IPAQ-LF]) and accelerometry-based estimates of PA and SB across six countries and identified correlates of between-method agreement. Methods Self-report and objective (accelerometry-based) PA and SB data were collected in 2002–2011 from 3865 adult participants in eight cities from six countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Spain, United Kingdom, and United States). Between-method relative agreement (correlation) and absolute disagreement (mean difference between conceptually and intensity-matched IPAQ-LF and accelerometry-based PA and SB variables) were estimated. Also, sociodemographic characteristics and PA patterns were examined as correlates of between-method agreement. Results Observed relative agreement (relationships of IPAQ-LF with accelerometry-based PA and SB variables) was small to moderate (r = 0.05–0.37) and was moderated by sociodemographic (age, sex, weight status, and education) and behavioral (PA-type) factors. The absolute disagreement was large, with participants self-reporting higher PA intensity and total time in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA than accelerometry. Also, self-reported sitting time was lower than accelerometry-based sedentary behavior. After adjusting for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, the absolute disagreement between pairs of IPAQ-LF and accelerometry-based PA variables remained significantly different across cities/countries. Conclusions Present findings suggest systematic cultural and/or linguistic and sociodemographic differences in absolute agreement between the IPAQ-LF and the accelerometry-based PA and SB variables. These results have implications for the interpretation of international PA and SB data and correlate/determinant studies. They call for further efforts to improve such measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Cerin
- 1Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; 2School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CHINA; 3Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA; 4Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NIGERIA; 5Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, SOUTH AFRICA; 6Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA; 7Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, AUSTRALIA; 8Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, BELGIUM; 9Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DENMARK; 10Faculty of Physical Culture, Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZECH REPUBLIC; 11National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK; and 12Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, SPAIN
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100
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Johansson H, Berglund M, Holmbäck U. Subjective and objective assessment of physical activity - Influence of newly diagnosed exercise induced bronchoconstriction and gender. Respir Med 2017; 131:205-209. [PMID: 28947031 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate if occurrence of newly diagnosed exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) would affect adolescents' ability to assess their physical activity. METHODS 99 selected adolescents with and 47 adolescents without self-reported exercise induced dyspnea were included. All of the 146 adolescents then performed a standardized exercise challenge test on a treadmill with dry-air inhalation to detect EIB. Free living physical activity was assessed during seven days with both accelerometer (objective assessment) and a validated activity diary (subjective assessment). Height, weight and subjective sleep were recorded. RESULTS Out of the 146 adolescents 49 were diagnosed with EIB. Forty-six of the adolescents with EIB (35 girls and 11 boys) and 84 of the control adolescents (45 girls and 39 boys) had complete 7 day activity diary and accelerometer data. There were no differences in age, BMI and sleep between EIB and control adolescents. Boys with EIB overestimated subjective assessment compared to objective assessment more than girls with EIB. No difference was seen between control boys and girls. Furthermore, boys with EIB reported a much higher frequency of high intensity exercise than girls with EIB, but no difference was observed between control boys and girls. CONCLUSION Adolescent boys with newly diagnosed EIB overestimated their physical activity compared to EIB girls. Caution may thus be used when choosing methods measuring level of physical activity in this group and especially when investigating gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Johansson
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Lung- Allergy- and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Marie Berglund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Holmbäck
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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