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Lin EC, Chiang YC, Lin HY, Tseng SY, Hsieh YT, Shieh JA, Huang YH, Tsai HT, Feng SW, Peng TY, Lee IT. Unraveling the Link between Periodontitis and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Exploring Pathogenic Pathways and Clinical Implications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2789. [PMID: 37893162 PMCID: PMC10604139 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis involves the inflammation of the periodontal tissue, leading to tissue loss, while coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly transmissible respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is amplified by poor systemic health. Key facilitators of SARS-CoV-2's entry into host cells are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). This review reveals that periodontal pockets can serve as a hotspot for virus accumulation, rendering surrounding epithelia more susceptible to infection. Given that ACE2 is expressed in oral mucosa, it is reasonable to suggest that poor periodontal health could increase the risk of COVID-19 infection. However, recent studies have not provided sufficient evidence to imply a significant effect of COVID-19 on periodontal health, necessitating further and more long-term investigations. Nevertheless, there are hypotheses linking the mechanisms of the two diseases, such as the involvement of interleukin-17 (IL-17). Elevated IL-17 levels are observed in both COVID-19 and periodontitis, leading to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Lastly, bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and systemic diseases like diabetes are acknowledged. Given that COVID-19 symptoms may worsen with these conditions, maintaining good oral health and managing systemic diseases are suggested as potential ways to protect against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tzu-Yu Peng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (E.-C.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-T.H.); (J.-A.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-T.T.); (S.-W.F.)
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (E.-C.L.); (Y.-C.C.); (H.-Y.L.); (S.-Y.T.); (Y.-T.H.); (J.-A.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (H.-T.T.); (S.-W.F.)
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52
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He I, Poirier B, Jensen E, Kaur S, Hedges J, Jesudason S, Jamieson L, Sethi S. Demystifying the connection between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease - An umbrella review. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:874-892. [PMID: 37477165 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and poor oral health are inter-related and their significant impact on each other is well established in the literature. Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses have demonstrated a strong relationship between CKD and periodontitis, where periodontal treatment has shown potential in improving CKD outcomes. However, the quality of the studies and heterogeneity of the results show variation. The aim of this umbrella review was to review the quality of the current systematic reviews on the relationship between CKD and oral health with an emphasis on periodontal disease and to generate clinically relevant guidelines to maintain periodontal health in patients with CKD. This umbrella review was conducted and reported in alignment with the Joanna Briggs Institute and the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The review protocol was established prior to commencing the review and registered on JBI and PROSPERO (CRD42022335209). Search strings were established for PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Dentistry & Oral Science Source up to April 2022. All systematic reviews and meta-analyses that considered the relationship between CKD and periodontitis or periodontal treatment were included. Of 371 studies identified through the systematic search, 18 systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Ten studies assessed the relationship between oral health status and CKD with a focus on periodontitis and CKD, five reviewed the impact of periodontal treatment on CKD outcomes, two included both relationship and effectiveness of periodontal treatment and one qualitatively reviewed oral health-related quality of life in patients with kidney failure. Findings indicate there is a bidirectional relationship between CKD and periodontal disease. In view of the heterogeneity of the existing literature on CKD and periodontal disease, specific recommendations for the management of periodontitis among patients with CKD are proposed for medical professionals, dental professionals, and aged care workers based on the evidence collated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac He
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brianna Poirier
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emilija Jensen
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sushil Kaur
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Joanne Hedges
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shilpanjali Jesudason
- Central and Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Services (CNARTS), Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa Jamieson
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sneha Sethi
- Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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53
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Carasol M, Muñoz Aguilera E, Ruilope LM. Oral health, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR 2023; 40:167-170. [PMID: 37173185 DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Carasol
- Alianza por la Salud Periodontal y General, Sociedad Española de Periodoncia, Spain; Grupo de Investigación ETEP (Etiología y terapéutica de las Enfermedades Periodontales), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | - E Muñoz Aguilera
- Alianza por la Salud Periodontal y General, Sociedad Española de Periodoncia, Spain; Lecturer in Periodontology, London, United Kingdom
| | - L M Ruilope
- Cardiorenal Translational Laboratory and Hypertension Unit, Institute of Research imas12, Madrid, Spain; CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Sport Sciences, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Yang X, Shi Z, Wang X, Yang Y, Sun D, Zhu B, Song F, Zhu X, Ding S, Zou Y, Xiao C, Yang X. Disruption of Histamine-H 1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110774. [PMID: 37567012 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease(CVD). Histamine has been proven to participate in the pathophysiological processes of cardiovascular disease and oral inflammation. However, the role of histamine in the development of cardiac microthrombosis caused by periodontal disease has not been fully elucidated. We established a murine periodontal inflammation model by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). In order to examine the effect of histamine/H1R signaling on cardiac injury after periodontal disease, we used histidine decarboxylase- knockout (HDC-/-) mice and histamine 1 receptor (H1R) antagonist. Our results demonstrated that LPS-induced periodontal inflammation significantly increased CD11b+Gr-1+ neutrophils in the peripheral blood and myocardial interstitium. Histamine deficiency resulted in further increases in P. gingivalis, neutrophils, inflammatory cytokines, and cardiac microthrombosis in the myocardium of HDC-/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Mechanistic analysis showed that blocking H1R could synergistically interact with LPS, further increasing the phosphorylation of p65, exacerbating the inflammatory response of neutrophils and endothelial cell damage. Conclusively, the disruption of histamine-H1R signaling exacerbates cardiac microthrombosis after periodontal disease via TLR4/NFκB-p65 pathway. Our findings not only reveal a link between periodontal inflammation and myocardial injury but also provided some thoughts for the use of H1R antagonist in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaocheng Shi
- Department of Oral Mucosa and Periodontal Clinic, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital& School of Stomatology & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiangfei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Dili Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoling Zhu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fujie Song
- Department of First Dental Clinic, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Suling Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital & Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong 516002, China.
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Gomes-Filho IS, Freitas TOB, Cruz SSD, Trindade SC, Figueiredo ACMG, Couto Souza PH, Cerqueira EDMM, Hintz AM, Carneiro DO, Lacerda JAD, Seymour GJ, Scannapieco FA, Loomer PM, Passos-Soares JDS. Periodontitis in individuals with few remaining teeth and a high gingival bleeding index increases the probability of dyslipidemia. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1243-1253. [PMID: 37310101 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia, a silent multifactorial condition, is characterized by changes in blood lipid levels, affecting all socioeconomic strata, increasing the risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study investigated whether there is an association between dyslipidemia and the combined exposure of periodontitis plus the number of remaining teeth, gingival bleeding, or caries. METHODS A two-center cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1270 individuals, with a minimum age of 18 years. Socioeconomic and demographic data, health conditions, lifestyle parameters, and anthropometric, biochemical, and oral clinical examinations were performed. The exposures considered were the presence of periodontitis, dental caries, number of remaining teeth, and gingival bleeding. The outcome was dyslipidemia as defined by the Brazilian Guidelines on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis. The combined associations between periodontitis plus other oral health conditions and dyslipidemia were estimated using confounder-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRsingle , PRmultiple , for single and multiple covariable adjustments) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), in a Poisson regression model with robust variance. RESULTS The occurrence of dyslipidemia was 70.1% and periodontitis was 84.1%. A positive association between periodontitis and dyslipidemia existed: PRsingle = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01-1.26. Combined exposure of periodontitis plus <11 remaining teeth (PRmultiple = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.43), as well as combined exposure of periodontitis plus ≥10% gingival bleeding and <11 remaining teeth (PRmultiple = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03-1.44), represented greater probabilities of 23% and 22% of individuals having a diagnosis of dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION Periodontitis combined with fewer than 11 teeth doubled the likelihood of being diagnosed with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simone Seixas da Cruz
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Soraya Castro Trindade
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daline Oliveira Carneiro
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Peter Michael Loomer
- School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Johelle de Santana Passos-Soares
- Department of Health, Feira de Santana State University, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Huang RY, Tseng FY, Cheng CD, Van Dyke TE, Sung CE, You JJ, Weng PW, Shieh YS, Cheng WC. Complement components C3b and C4b as potential reliable site-specific diagnostic biomarkers for periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:1020-1030. [PMID: 37462259 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression levels of C3b and C4b in human gingival tissue (GT) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and disease severity in human periodontitis and to determine whether C3b and C4b are significant site-specific complementary diagnostic markers for periodontitis. BACKGROUND A variety of biomarkers that have potential for informing diagnoses of periodontitis have been proposed. The complement components C3b and C4b were found to be positively correlated with disease severity. The therapeutic effect of targeting C3b and C4b on inflammatory bone loss in experimental periodontitis models has been studied. However, studies on the diagnostic potential of the gingival C3b and C4b expression levels for periodontitis are scarce. METHODS The expression levels of C3b and C4b in the GT and GCF were investigated via immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The correlation between the expression levels of C3b and C4b and disease severity with probing depth as well as the clinical attachment level were determined. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the C3b and C4b expression levels at the periodontitis sites, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, cut-off point, area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity were analyzed. RESULTS The expression levels of C3b and C4b in human GT and GCF were significantly positively correlated with periodontitis severity. The expression levels of combined C3b + C4b in the GT can significantly differentiate the disease status at the tissue level (p < .0001). Similarly, the expression levels of C3b + C4b in GCF can statistically distinguish periodontitis sites from healthy ones (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Locally deposited C3b and C4b were positively correlated with periodontitis severity and recognized as site-specific diagnostic biomarkers for clinicopathological features in periodontitis. The association between the C3b and C4b network and periodontitis may be further understood and provide a basis for the development of novel screening as well as diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yi Tseng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Wei Weng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Lupi SM, Amato M, Spagnuolo G, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of local drug delivery and natural agents as new target strategies against periodontitis: new challenges for personalized therapeutic approach. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231191043. [PMID: 37720593 PMCID: PMC10501082 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231191043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a persistent inflammation of the soft tissue around the teeth that affects 60% of the population in the globe. The self-maintenance of the inflammatory process can cause periodontal damage from the alveolar bone resorption to tooth loss in order to contrast the effects of periodontitis, the main therapy used is scaling and root planing (SRP). At the same time, studying the physiopathology of periodontitis has shown the possibility of using a local drug delivery system as an adjunctive therapy. Using local drug delivery devices in conjunction with SRP therapy for periodontitis is a potential tool since it increases drug efficacy and minimizes negative effects by managing drug release. This review emphasized how the use of local drug delivery agents and natural agents could be promising adjuvants for the treatment of periodontitis patients affected or not by cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other system problems. Moreover, the review evidences the current issues and new ideas that can inspire potential later study for both basic research and clinical practice for a tailored approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Saturnino Marco Lupi
- Department of Clinical Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gianrico Spagnuolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialities, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, Catania 95123, Italy
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Tang K, Wu Y, Zheng Q, Chen X. Bibliometric research on analysis of links between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1255722. [PMID: 37745126 PMCID: PMC10512184 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1255722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis (PD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) rank among the most prevalent pathologies worldwide, and their correlation has been a subject of prolonged investigation. Numerous studies suggest shared etiological factors; however, a definitive causal connection remains unestablished. The objective of this study was to employ bibliometric and visual analyses in order to comprehensively examine the overarching characteristics, focal areas of research, and prospective trends pertaining to the PD-CVD relationship. Methods We sourced articles, reviews, and online publications on PD- and CVD- research from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) spanning from January 1, 1993, to May 15, 2023. A triad of analytical tools (R-Bibliometrix, VOSviewer 1.6.19, and CiteSpace 6.2.R3) were utilized to facilitate collaboration network analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and citation burst detection. Results Out of the 1,116 publications that fulfilled the eligibility criteria in the WoSCC database, the comprehensive characteristics analysis divulged a sustained growth trend in publication frequency. In the cluster analysis of reference co-citation and keyword co-occurrence, prominent themes such as "periodontitis", "cardiovascular diseases", "inflammation", "Porphyromonas gingivalis", and "atherosclerosis" consistently emerged. Contemporary topics such as "peri-implantitis," "COVID-19", "cardiovascular risk factors," and "endocarditis" were pinpointed as burgeoning research hotspots. Conclusion Based on this bibliometric study, in the field of association studies between PD and CVD, the etiologic mechanisms of both diseases have been intensively studied in the last three decades. Periodontal pathogens might serve as potential initiating factors linking PD and CVD. Inflammation may constitute a significant etiological factor shared by both diseases. Several emerging topics, such as COVID-19 and peri-implantitis, exhibit promising potential. This exhaustive overview casts light on pivotal research arenas, augmenting the field's understanding and stimulating further scholarly investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xuepeng Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Güvenç KK, Fentoğlu Ö, Calapoğlu M, Aksoy F, Orhan H. Periodontal and cardiovascular therapies modify specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (sPRLM) (LPXA4, PD1, RvE1, RvD1, and MaR1)-mediated pathway: the first pilot clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:5549-5558. [PMID: 37535198 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05174-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontal disease have a common pathogenesis with inflammation and resolution steps. Although the relationships among periodontal disease, CVD, and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediator (sPRLM)s are well known, there is no study about the combined effects of cardiovascular and periodontal treatments on sPRLM levels. It was aimed to evaluate the effects of periodontal and cardiovascular therapies on sPRLMs (lipoxin A4, protectin (PD)1, resolvin (Rv) E1, RvD1, and maresin (MaR)1) in patients with CVD and periodontal disease. METHODS This observational study consisted of fifty-five patients with CVD and mild or moderate periodontitis. The clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, percentage of bleeding on probing, and clinical attachment level) and blood and unstimulated total saliva samples were obtained at baseline, at 3 months (following only cardiovascular therapy), and at 6 months (following cardiovascular and periodontal therapies). The blood count and serum levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers (white blood cell, neutrophil/lymphocyte, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, and low and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels) were evaluated. sPRLMs were evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS There were significant decreases in body mass index, clinical periodontal parameters, WBC, LDL, PD1, and RvD1 at 6 months compared to baseline. The decreases in TC/HDL, RvE1, and MaR1 levels were significant at 3 and 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION(S) The combination of cardiovascular and periodontal treatments leads to significant reductions in clinical periodontal and cardiometabolic parameters and sPRLMs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our report, which is the first in their field, suggested that cardiovascular and periodontal therapies provide an important contribution via decreasing the periodontal and atherosclerotic inflammation modulating sPRLMs. This finding will be a big step toward increasing the quality of life in these patients by drawing attention to importance of public health associated with oral hygiene, periodontal health, and systemic phase of periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Karakoç Güvenç
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Özlem Fentoğlu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Calapoğlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Fatih Aksoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Orhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Turkey
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Gualtero DF, Lafaurie GI, Buitrago DM, Castillo Y, Vargas-Sanchez PK, Castillo DM. Oral microbiome mediated inflammation, a potential inductor of vascular diseases: a comprehensive review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250263. [PMID: 37711554 PMCID: PMC10498784 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and vascular translocation of the periodontopathic microorganism to peripheral blood can cause local and systemic extra-oral inflammation. Microorganisms associated with the subgingival biofilm are readily translocated to the peripheral circulation, generating bacteremia and endotoxemia, increasing the inflammation in the vascular endothelium and resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review aimed to demonstrate how the dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and the translocation of oral pathogen-induced inflammation to peripheral blood may be linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can regulate blood pressure and activate endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, the passage of periodontal microorganisms into the peripheral circulation and their virulence factors have been associated with a vascular compartment with a great capacity to activate endothelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, and plaquettes and increase interleukin and chemokine secretion, as well as oxidative stress. This inflammatory process is related to atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, and stroke. Therefore, oral diseases could be involved in CVDs via inflammation. The preclinic and clinical evidence suggests that periodontal disease increases the proinflammatory markers associated with endothelial dysfunction. Likewise, the evidence from clinical studies of periodontal treatment in the long term evidenced the reduction of these markers and improved overall health in patients with CVDs.
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61
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Irie K, Azuma T, Tomofuji T, Yamamoto T. Exploring the Role of IL-17A in Oral Dysbiosis-Associated Periodontitis and Its Correlation with Systemic Inflammatory Disease. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:194. [PMID: 37623290 PMCID: PMC10453731 DOI: 10.3390/dj11080194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral microbiota play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, safeguarding the oral cavity, and preventing the onset of disease. Oral dysbiosis has the potential to trigger pro-inflammatory effects and immune dysregulation, which can have a negative impact on systemic health. It is regarded as a key etiological factor for periodontitis. The emergence and persistence of oral dysbiosis have been demonstrated to mediate inflammatory pathology locally and at distant sites. The heightened inflammation observed in oral dysbiosis is dependent upon the secretion of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by various innate and adaptive immune cells. IL-17A has been found to play a significant role in host defense mechanisms by inducing antibacterial peptides, recruiting neutrophils, and promoting local inflammation via cytokines and chemokines. This review seeks to present the current knowledge on oral dysbiosis and its prevention, as well as the underlying role of IL-17A in periodontitis induced by oral dysbiosis and its impact on systemic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Irie
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
| | - Tetsuji Azuma
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Takaaki Tomofuji
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Asahi University, Mizuho 501-0296, Japan; (T.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan;
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Li X, Wang H, Schmidt CQ, Ferreira VP, Yancopoulou D, Mastellos DC, Lambris JD, Hajishengallis G. The Complement-Targeted Inhibitor Mini-FH Protects against Experimental Periodontitis via Both C3-Dependent and C3-Independent Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:453-461. [PMID: 37306457 PMCID: PMC10524879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A minimized version of complement factor H (FH), designated mini-FH, was previously engineered combining the N-terminal regulatory domains (short consensus repeat [SCR]1-4) and C-terminal host-surface recognition domains (SCR19-20) of the parent molecule. Mini-FH conferred enhanced protection, as compared with FH, in an ex vivo model of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria driven by alternative pathway dysregulation. In the current study, we tested whether and how mini-FH could block another complement-mediated disease, namely periodontitis. In a mouse model of ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP), mini-FH inhibited periodontal inflammation and bone loss in wild-type mice. Although LIP-subjected C3-deficient mice are protected relative to wild-type littermates and exhibit only modest bone loss, mini-FH strikingly inhibited bone loss even in C3-deficient mice. However, mini-FH failed to inhibit ligature-induced bone loss in mice doubly deficient in C3 and CD11b. These findings indicate that mini-FH can inhibit experimental periodontitis even in a manner that is independent of its complement regulatory activity and is mediated by complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18). Consistent with this notion, a complement receptor 3-interacting recombinant FH segment that lacks complement regulatory activity (specifically encompassing SCRs 19 and 20; FH19-20) was also able to suppress bone loss in LIP-subjected C3-deficient mice. In conclusion, mini-FH appears to be a promising candidate therapeutic for periodontitis by virtue of its ability to suppress bone loss via mechanisms that both include and go beyond its complement regulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Shanghai, China
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph Q. Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Viviana P. Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Dimitrios C. Mastellos
- National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos’, INRASTES, Division of Biodiagnostic Science and Technologies, Athens, Greece
| | - John D. Lambris
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Song J, Wu Y, Yin X, Zhang J. Relationship between periodontitis and COVID-19: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1413. [PMID: 37564397 PMCID: PMC10409980 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major danger to world health and has been linked to periodontitis in a number of epidemiological observational studies. However, it is unclear whether COVID-19 causes periodontitis. COVID-19's causal influence on periodontitis was determined using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Large-scale COVID-19 and periodontitis genome wide association study data were analyzed. Inverse variance weighting, MR-Egger, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO were used to estimate causal effects. Sensitivity studies were conducted using the Cochran's Q test, the MR-Egger intercept test, the MR-PRESSO, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis. Further investigation of potential mediating factors was performed using risk factor analysis. Results The MR presented no causal relationship between periodontitis and hospitalization for COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-1.20; p = 0.76), vulnerability to COVID-19 (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.88-1.21; p = 0.65), COVID-19 disease severity (OR = 1.01, 95% CI 0.92-1.11; p = 0.81). Meanwhile, a noncausal effect of genetic hospitalization for COVID-19, illness severity, and vulnerability to periodontitis was detected. Other MR methods yielded identical results to inverse variance weighting. According to sensitivity analysis, horizontal pleiotropy is unlikely to affect causal estimation. Conclusion Periodontitis had no link to the risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, susceptibility, or severity. However, the substance in COVID-19 that is responsible for this effect must be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukun Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Yadong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Xinhai Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGuizhou Provincial People's HospitalGuiyangChina
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerythe Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina
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Tsai KZ, Huang WC, Chang YC, Kwon Y, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Lin GM. Localized periodontitis severity associated with carotid intima-media thickness in young adults: CHIEF atherosclerosis study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10523. [PMID: 37386122 PMCID: PMC10310726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of periodontitis with subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. In total, 486 non-diabetic military personnel were included in Taiwan. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was assessed utilizing sonography for subclinical atherosclerosis. Periodontitis severity was defined based on the 2017 US/European consensus. Mean cIMT was compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the association of periodontitis severity and the highest quintile of cIMT (≥ 0.8 mm) with adjustments for age, sex, metabolic risk factors and leukocyte counts. The mean cIMT increased in those with greater stages (periodontal health (N = 349): 0.65 mm, Stage I (N = 41): 0.72 mm, Stage II (N = 57): 0.74 mm and Stage III: 0.76 mm, respectively, p < 0.01). In multiple logistic regression, a dose-response association from Stage I to Stage III periodontitis for cIMT ≥ 0.8 mm was also found [ORs and 95% CIs 1.41 (0.60-3.29), 1.62 (0.79-3.31) and 3.20 (1.42-7.18)]. Leucocyte counts ≥ 7.6 × 103/µL (the highest quintile) was associated with cIMT ≥ 0.8 mm [OR 1.86 (1.11-3.12)], while no association existed for other metabolic risk factors. In conclusion, severe periodontitis and leukocyte counts are independent risk factors of increased cIMT, emphasizing the critical role of inflammation in subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Zhe Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien City, 970, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology of Periodontology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Chang
- School of Nursing and Graduate Institute of Nursing, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Gen-Min Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien City, 970, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pandey SD, Perpich JD, Stocke KS, Mansfield JM, Kikuchi Y, Yakoumatos L, Muszyński A, Azadi P, Tettelin H, Whiteley M, Uriarte SM, Bagaitkar J, Vickerman M, Lamont RJ. Impact of Polymicrobial Infection on Fitness of Streptococcus gordonii In Vivo. mBio 2023; 14:e0065823. [PMID: 37042761 PMCID: PMC10294625 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00658-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic microbial ecosystems are often polymicrobial, and interbacterial interactions drive emergent properties of these communities. In the oral cavity, Streptococcus gordonii is a foundational species in the development of plaque biofilms, which can contribute to periodontal disease and, after gaining access to the bloodstream, target remote sites such as heart valves. Here, we used a transposon sequencing (Tn-Seq) library of S. gordonii to identify genes that influence fitness in a murine abscess model, both as a monoinfection and as a coinfection with an oral partner species, Porphyromonas gingivalis. In the context of a monoinfection, conditionally essential genes were widely distributed among functional pathways. Coinfection with P. gingivalis almost completely changed the nature of in vivo gene essentiality. Community-dependent essential (CoDE) genes under the coinfection condition were primarily related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation, indicating that robust growth and replication are required to survive with P. gingivalis in vivo. Interestingly, a group of genes in an operon encoding streptococcal receptor polysaccharide (RPS) were associated with decreased fitness of S. gordonii in a coinfection with P. gingivalis. Individual deletion of two of these genes (SGO_2020 and SGO_2024) resulted in the loss of RPS production by S. gordonii and increased susceptibility to killing by neutrophils. P. gingivalis protected the RPS mutants by inhibiting neutrophil recruitment, degranulation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. These results provide insight into genes and functions that are important for S. gordonii survival in vivo and the nature of polymicrobial synergy with P. gingivalis. Furthermore, we show that RPS-mediated immune protection in S. gordonii is dispensable and detrimental in the presence of a synergistic partner species that can interfere with neutrophil killing mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Bacteria responsible for diseases originating at oral mucosal membranes assemble into polymicrobial communities. However, we know little regarding the fitness determinants of the organisms that initiate community formation. Here, we show that the extracellular polysaccharide of Streptococcus gordonii, while important for streptococcal survival as a monoinfection, is detrimental to survival in the context of a coinfection with Porphyromonas gingivalis. We found that the presence of P. gingivalis compensates for immune protective functions of extracellular polysaccharide, rendering production unnecessary. The results show that fitness determinants of bacteria in communities differ substantially from those of individual species in isolation. Furthermore, constituents of communities can undertake activities that relieve the burden of energetically costly biosynthetic reactions on partner species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya D. Pandey
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John D. Perpich
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sullivan University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kendall S. Stocke
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jillian M. Mansfield
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuichiro Kikuchi
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lan Yakoumatos
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Artur Muszyński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hervé Tettelin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marvin Whiteley
- School of Biological Sciences, Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret Vickerman
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Richard J. Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Zou Z, Fang J, Ma W, Guo J, Shan Z, Ma D, Hu Q, Wen L, Wang Z. Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipains Destroy the Vascular Barrier and Reduce CD99 and CD99L2 Expression To Regulate Transendothelial Migration. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0476922. [PMID: 37199607 PMCID: PMC10269447 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04769-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important periodontal pathogen that can cause vascular injury and invade local tissues through the blood circulation, and its ability to evade leukocyte killing is critical to its distal colonization and survival. Transendothelial migration (TEM) is a series of that enable leukocytes to squeeze through endothelial barriers and migrate into local tissues to perform immune functions. Several studies have shown that P. gingivalis-mediated endothelial damage initiates a series of proinflammatory signals that promote leukocyte adhesion. However, whether P. gingivalis is involved in TEM and thus influences immune cell recruitment remains unknown. In our study, we found that P. gingivalis gingipains could increase vascular permeability and promote Escherichia coli penetration by downregulating platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) expression in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that although P. gingivalis infection promoted monocyte adhesion, the TEM capacity of monocytes was substantially impaired, which might be due to the reduced CD99 and CD99L2 expression on gingipain-stimulated endothelial cells and leukocytes. Mechanistically, gingipains mediate CD99 and CD99L2 downregulation, possibly through the inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. In addition, our in vivo model confirmed the role of P. gingivalis in promoting vascular permeability and bacterial colonization in the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung and in downregulating PECAM-1, CD99, and CD99L2 expression in endothelial cells and leukocytes. IMPORTANCE P. gingivalis is associated with a variety of systemic diseases and colonizes in distal locations in the body. Here, we found that P. gingivalis gingipains degrade PECAM-1 to promote bacterial penetration while simultaneously reducing leukocyte TEM capacity. A similar phenomenon was also observed in a mouse model. These findings established P. gingivalis gingipains as the key virulence factor in modulating the permeability of the vascular barrier and TEM processes, which may provide a new rationale for the distal colonization of P. gingivalis and its associated systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolei Zou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Wen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Qu S, Yu S, Ma X, Wang R. "Medicine food homology" plants promote periodontal health: antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and inhibition of bone resorption. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1193289. [PMID: 37396128 PMCID: PMC10307967 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1193289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
"Medicine food homology" (MFH) is a term with a lengthy history. It refers to the fact that a lot of traditional natural products have both culinary and therapeutic benefits. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of MFH plants and their secondary metabolites have been confirmed by numerous research. A bacterially generated inflammatory illness with a complicated pathophysiology, periodontitis causes the loss of the teeth's supporting tissues. Several MFH plants have recently been shown to have the ability to prevent and treat periodontitis, which is exhibited by blocking the disease's pathogens and the virulence factors that go along with them, lowering the host's inflammatory reactions and halting the loss of alveolar bone. To give a theoretical foundation for the creation of functional foods, oral care products and adjuvant therapies, this review has especially explored the potential medicinal benefit of MFH plants and their secondary metabolites in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Qu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
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Vázquez-Reza M, Custodia A, López-Dequidt I, Aramburu-Núñez M, Romaus-Sanjurjo D, Ouro A, Botelho J, Machado V, Iglesias-Rey R, Pías-Peleteiro JM, Leira R, Blanco J, Castillo J, Sobrino T, Leira Y. Periodontal inflammation is associated with increased circulating levels of endothelial progenitor cells: a retrospective cohort study in a high vascular risk population. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2023; 14:20406223231178276. [PMID: 37360414 PMCID: PMC10285583 DOI: 10.1177/20406223231178276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One of the main biological mechanisms behind the link between periodontitis and atherosclerotic vascular diseases is vascular endothelial dysfunction. Particularly, circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been considered a biomarker of altered vascular endothelial function. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between periodontal inflammation and increased number of circulating EPCs. Design This is retrospective cohort study. Methods In this study, 85 elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension were followed up to 12 months. A baseline full-mouth periodontal assessment was carried out, and the amount of periodontal tissue inflamed per subject was calculated as a proxy of periodontal inflammation [periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA)]. The number of circulating EPCs (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+) was determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood samples collected at baseline and 12 months. Results Mean concentrations of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ progenitor cells were higher in periodontitis patients than in those without periodontitis at baseline [55.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 20.8 to 90.0 versus 27.2, 95% CI = 13.6 to 40.8, p = 0.008] and 12 months (114.6, 95% CI = 53.5 to 175.7 versus 19.1, 95% CI = 10.8 to 27.4, p = 0.003). A significant increase over the follow-up was noticed in the group of subjects with periodontitis (p = 0.049) but not in the nonperiodontitis group (p = 0.819). PISA was independently associated with CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at baseline (B coefficient = 0.031, 95% CI = 0.005 to 0.058; p = 0.021). The relationship between PISA and CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs at 12 months was confounded by increased baseline body mass index (B coefficient = 0.064, 95% CI = -0.005 to 0.132; p = 0.066). Conclusion Periodontal inflammation is associated with high number of CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ EPCs, thus supporting a potential link between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Vázquez-Reza
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antía Custodia
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Iria López-Dequidt
- Neurology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Aramburu-Núñez
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Daniel Romaus-Sanjurjo
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alberto Ouro
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department and Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department and Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ramón Iglesias-Rey
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Pías-Peleteiro
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rogelio Leira
- Neurology Department, University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Blanco
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Castillo
- Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomás Sobrino
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yago Leira
- NeuroAging Laboratory (NEURAL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory (LINC), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital, Travesía da Choupana S/N, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Viglianisi G, Santonocito S, Polizzi A, Troiano G, Amato M, Zhurakivska K, Pesce P, Isola G. Impact of Circulating Cell-Free DNA (cfDNA) as a Biomarker of the Development and Evolution of Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9981. [PMID: 37373135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to have an important role in cell apoptosis or necrosis, including in the development and evolution of several tumors and inflammatory diseases in humans. In this regard, periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can induce the destruction of supporting components of the teeth, could represent a chronic inflammatory stimulus linked to a various range of systemic inflammatory diseases. Recently, a possible correlation between periodontal disease and cfDNA has been shown, representing new important diagnostic-therapeutic perspectives. During the development of periodontitis, cfDNA is released in biological fluids such as blood, saliva, urine and other body fluids and represents an important index of inflammation. Due to the possibility of withdrawing some of these liquids in a non-invasive way, cfDNA could be used as a possible biomarker for periodontal disease. In addition, discovering a proportional relationship between cfDNA levels and the severity of periodontitis, expressed through the disease extent, could open the prospect of using cfDNA as a possible therapeutic target. The aim of this article is to report what researchers have discovered in recent years about circulating cfDNA in the development, evolution and therapy of periodontitis. The analyzed literature review shows that cfDNA has considerable potential as a diagnostic, therapeutic biomarker and therapeutic target in periodontal disease; however, further studies are needed for cfDNA to be used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Zhurakivska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Ospedale S. Martino, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Nesci A, Carnuccio C, Ruggieri V, D'Alessandro A, Di Giorgio A, Santoro L, Gasbarrini A, Santoliquido A, Ponziani FR. Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence on the Metabolic and Inflammatory Background of a Complex Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109087. [PMID: 37240434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies in recent years have demonstrated that gut microbiota-host interactions play an important role in human health and disease, including inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Dysbiosis has been linked to not only well-known inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematous, but also to cardiovascular risk factors, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ways the microbiota is involved in modulating cardiovascular risk are multiple and not only related to inflammatory mechanisms. Indeed, human and the gut microbiome cooperate as a metabolically active superorganism, and this affects host physiology through metabolic pathways. In turn, congestion of the splanchnic circulation associated with heart failure, edema of the intestinal wall, and altered function and permeability of the intestinal barrier result in the translocation of bacteria and their products into the systemic circulation, further enhancing the pro-inflammatory conditions underlying cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the present review is to describe the complex interplay between gut microbiota, its metabolites, and the development and evolution of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the possible interventions intended to modulate the gut microbiota to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Nesci
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Carnuccio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Ruggieri
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia D'Alessandro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giorgio
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santoro
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Angiology and Noninvasive Vascular Diagnostics Unit, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Digestive Disease Center (CEMAD), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
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71
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Hajishengallis G. Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: animal models of disease. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad018. [PMID: 37113021 PMCID: PMC10198557 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis and caries are driven by complex interactions between the oral microbiome and host factors, i.e. inflammation and dietary sugars, respectively. Animal models have been instrumental in our mechanistic understanding of these oral diseases, although no single model can faithfully reproduce all aspects of a given human disease. This review discusses evidence that the utility of an animal model lies in its capacity to address a specific hypothesis and, therefore, different aspects of a disease can be investigated using distinct and complementary models. As in vitro systems cannot replicate the complexity of in vivo host-microbe interactions and human research is typically correlative, model organisms-their limitations notwithstanding-remain essential in proving causality, identifying therapeutic targets, and evaluating the safety and efficacy of novel treatments. To achieve broader and deeper insights into oral disease pathogenesis, animal model-derived findings can be synthesized with data from in vitro and clinical research. In the absence of better mechanistic alternatives, dismissal of animal models on fidelity issues would impede further progress to understand and treat oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S. 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA
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Herrera D, Serrano J, Roldán S, Alonso B, Sanz M. Oral and systemic health: is there a "new" link with COVID-19? Clin Oral Investig 2023:10.1007/s00784-023-04950-2. [PMID: 37133697 PMCID: PMC10154181 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-04950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present narrative review was to evaluate the evidence of a possible association between periodontitis and COVID-19, and its biological plausibility, using as models the potential associations with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some respiratory diseases. METHODS A recent systematic review was used as main reference to explore the associations of periodontitis with different respiratory diseases, including COVID-19, following two focussed questions: a PECOS question, aimed to explore epidemiological evidence, and a PICOS question, designed to explore the evidence derived from intervention studies. In addition to that evidence, other relevant scientific documents, including consensus papers, were carefully selected and appraised. FINDINGS Convincing evidence was found to support the association of periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some respiratory diseases. The biological plausibility behind those associations is based on four factors: (1) bacteraemia of oral bacteria and periodontal pathogens, (2) increased systemic inflammation, (3) common genetic factors, and (4) common environmental risk factors. Limited initial evidence is available to support an association between periodontitis and COVID-19 complications. Among the proposed factors to explain the suggested association, a combination of the previously mentioned factors, plus additional factors related with SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and pathogenicity, has been suggested. CONCLUSIONS Initial evidence suggests that periodontitis may be associated with a more severe COVID-19 and with a higher risk of death due to COVID-19. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Due to the possible association between periodontitis and an increased severity for COVID-19, additional efforts should be made to improve oral and periodontal health, including the promotion of oral healthy habits, such as oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Herrera
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Serrano
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Roldán
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bettina Alonso
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sanz
- ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Marruganti C, Baima G, Aimetti M, Grandini S, Sanz M, Romandini M. Periodontitis and low cognitive performance: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:418-429. [PMID: 36644802 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the epidemiological association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance among older adults, within a representative sample of the U.S. POPULATION MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 2086 older adults (≥60 years old), representative of 77.1 million people, were retrieved from the NHANES 2011-2014 database. Periodontitis cases were identified and classified according to the AAP/CDC criteria (mild, moderate, and severe). Cognitive function was assessed through the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD), the animal fluency test (AFT), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), and the global cognition score. The lowest non-survey weighted quartile for each cognitive test was defined as low cognitive performance. Simple and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Moderate and severe periodontitis were significantly associated with a low DSST performance (OR = 1.66 and OR = 2.97, respectively). Each millimetre increase in mean CAL was associated with a lower AFT (OR = 1.44), DSST (OR = 1.86), and global cognition (OR = 1.50) performance. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest the existence of an independent association between periodontitis and low cognitive performance among older adults (≥60 years old).
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- University of Turin, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- University of Turin, Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Romandini
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Pai SI, Matheus HR, Guastaldi FPS. Effects of periodontitis on cancer outcomes in the era of immunotherapy. THE LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e166-e175. [PMID: 37003275 PMCID: PMC10148268 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis results from dysbiosis of the oral microbiome and affects up to 70% of US adults aged 65 years and older. More than 50 systemic inflammatory disorders and comorbidities are associated with periodontitis, many of which overlap with immunotherapy-associated toxicities. Despite the increasing use of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer, uncertainty remains as to whether the microbial shift associated with periodontal disease can influence response rates and tolerance to cancer immunotherapy. We herein review the pathophysiology of periodontitis and the local and systemic inflammatory conditions related to oral dysbiosis, and discuss the overlapping adverse profiles of periodontitis and immunotherapy. The effects of the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key pathogen in periodontitis, highlight how the oral microbiome can affect the hosts' systemic immune responses, and further research into the local and systemic influence of other microorganisms causing periodontal disease is necessary. Addressing periodontitis in an ageing population of people with cancer could have potential implications for the clinical response to (and tolerability of) immunotherapy and warrants further investigation.
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75
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Prajjwal P, Asharaf S, Makhanasa D, Yamparala A, Tariq H, Aleti S, Gadam S, Vora N. Association of Alzheimer's dementia with oral bacteria, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine levels, and insulin resistance along with its pathophysiology, genetics, imaging, and biomarkers. Dis Mon 2023; 69:101546. [PMID: 36931946 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent form of dementia, particularly among the elderly population. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Despite numerous studies, the exact cause of Alzheimer's disease remains uncertain, and various theories have been proposed, including Aβ amyloid deposition in the brain and tau protein hyper-phosphorylation. This review article explores the potential pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, focusing on the effects of derangements in the levels of vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine, as well as the impact of oral bacteria causing periodontitis and insulin resistance, and their relationship to Alzheimer's. Studies have shown that high levels of homocysteine and low levels of vitamin B12 and folate, are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The article also explores the link between Alzheimer's disease and oral bacteria, specifically dental infections and periodontitis, which contribute to the inflammatory processes in the nervous system of Alzheimer's patients. There could be derangement in the insulin signaling further causing disruption in glucose metabolism within the brain, suggesting that Alzheimer's disease may represent a form of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with the brain, commonly known as type 3 diabetes. Neuroimaging techniques, including MRI, PET, and tau PET, can identify the predictive characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, with amyloid PET being the most useful in ruling out the disease. The article concludes by stressing the importance of understanding genetic and neuroimaging factors in the diagnosing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahnaz Asharaf
- Internal Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Halla Tariq
- Internal Medicine, Multan Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Soumya Aleti
- Internal Medicine, Berkshire Medical Center, Pittsfield, MA, USA
| | - Srikanth Gadam
- Internal Medicine, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Mayo Clinic, USA
| | - Neel Vora
- Internal Medicine, B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
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Ruan Q, Guan P, Qi W, Li J, Xi M, Xiao L, Zhong S, Ma D, Ni J. Porphyromonas gingivalis regulates atherosclerosis through an immune pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1103592. [PMID: 36999040 PMCID: PMC10043234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease, involving a pathological process of endothelial dysfunction, lipid deposition, plaque rupture, and arterial occlusion, and is one of the leading causes of death in the world population. The progression of AS is closely associated with several inflammatory diseases, among which periodontitis has been shown to increase the risk of AS. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), presenting in large numbers in subgingival plaque biofilms, is the “dominant flora” in periodontitis, and its multiple virulence factors are important in stimulating host immunity. Therefore, it is significant to elucidate the potential mechanism and association between P. gingivalis and AS to prevent and treat AS. By summarizing the existing studies, we found that P. gingivalis promotes the progression of AS through multiple immune pathways. P. gingivalis can escape host immune clearance and, in various forms, circulate with blood and lymph and colonize arterial vessel walls, directly inducing local inflammation in blood vessels. It also induces the production of systemic inflammatory mediators and autoimmune antibodies, disrupts the serum lipid profile, and thus promotes the progression of AS. In this paper, we summarize the recent evidence (including clinical studies and animal studies) on the correlation between P. gingivalis and AS, and describe the specific immune mechanisms by which P. gingivalis promotes AS progression from three aspects (immune escape, blood circulation, and lymphatic circulation), providing new insights into the prevention and treatment of AS by suppressing periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Ruan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijuan Qi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiatong Li
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengying Xi
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Xiao
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sulan Zhong
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
| | - Jia Ni
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Ma, ; Jia Ni,
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77
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Cicmil S, Cicmil A, Pavlic V, Krunić J, Sladoje Puhalo D, Bokonjić D, Čolić M. Periodontal Disease in Young Adults as a Risk Factor for Subclinical Atherosclerosis: A Clinical, Biochemical and Immunological Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062197. [PMID: 36983201 PMCID: PMC10051366 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a strong relationship between periodontal disease (PD) and atherosclerosis was shown in adults, little data are published in younger PD patients. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and correlate clinical parameters of PD, pro- and immunoregulatory cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum, biochemical and hematological parameters associated with atherosclerosis risk, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in our younger study participants (n = 78) (mean age 35.92 ± 3.36 years) who were divided into two equal groups: subjects with and without PD. PD patients had higher values of IMT, hs-CRP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL; most proinflammatory and Th1/Th17-associated cytokines in GCF; and IL-8, IL-12, IL-18, and IL-17A in serum compared to subjects without PD. These cytokines in GCF positively correlated with most clinical periodontal parameters. Clinical periodontal parameters, TNF-α and IL-8 in GCF and IL-17A, hs-CRP, and LDL in serum, had more significant predictive roles in developing subclinical atherosclerosis (IMT ≥ 0.75 mm) in comparison with other cytokines, fibrinogen, and other lipid status parameters. Hs-CRP correlated better with the proinflammatory cytokines than the parameters of lipid status. Except for serum IL-17A, there was no significant association of clinical and immunological PD parameters with lipid status. Overall, these results suggest that dyslipidemia and PD status seem to be independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in our younger PD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, The Republic of Srpska, Institute of Dentistry, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jelena Krunić
- Department of Dental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Sladoje Puhalo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Center for Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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78
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de Medeiros RA, da Silva YM, Miranda YMS, Gomes DDS, Carvalho TRB, Tanaka EB, de Oliveira PGFP, Nogueira JSE, de Menezes SAF, Menezes TODA, Laurentino RV, Fonseca RRDS, Machado LFA. Digital Form for Assessing Dentistry Undergraduates Regarding Periodontal Disease Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030509. [PMID: 36984510 PMCID: PMC10053880 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Throughout recent years, periodontal disease (PD) has been linked to innumerable medical systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This association could negatively impact oral health, so the knowledge of dentists who have graduated must follow modern dentistry in order to promote oral health, mainly in systemically compromised patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine and evaluate the knowledge level of dentistry undergraduate students (DUS) regarding the correct periodontal treatment and management of cardiac patients with PD. Methods: This cross-sectional and populational-based study was conducted between March and June 2022 in northern Brazil. A total of 153 DUS received an anonymous digital form (Google Forms Platform) using a non-probabilistic “snowball” sampling technique. The digital form was composed of four blocks of dichotomous and multiple-choice questions. After signing the informed consent term, DUS were divided into three groups according to their period/semester in dentistry graduation during the study time (G1: 1st period/semester; G2: 5th period/semester and G3: 10th period/semester). A total of 25 questions referring to demographic, educational and knowledge data about the dental and periodontal care of cardiac patients with PD were asked, and all data were presented as descriptive percentages and then analyzed using the Kappa test. Results: From a total of 153 (100%) DUS, the sample was mostly composed of 104 (68%) female participants, with an average age of 21.1 years. Regarding basic knowledge, the majority of answers were no, with G1 being higher than G2 and G3. Regarding clinical questions, 1247 (58.3%) answers were no. Additionally, regarding fundamental clinical questions 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 13 and 14, the majority of G1, G2 and G3 answered no, demonstrating a major lack of knowledge. Conclusions: In our study, DUS demonstrated a low knowledge level of the dental and periodontal care of cardiac patients with PD and its bi-directional link. Thus, according to our results, an improvement in dentistry educational programs regarding periodontal medicine must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Erich Brito Tanaka
- School of Dentistry, University Center of State of Pará, Belém 66060-575, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rogério Valois Laurentino
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Almeida Machado
- Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents Post-Graduate Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Virology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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79
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Upadhyaya JD, Mutalik VS. Oral Lesions Associated with Systemic Disease. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2023; 35:227-236. [PMID: 36805901 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral manifestations may be the first sign of a systemic disease, or represent lesions associated with an established or recurrent disease. Oral health care providers are often the first to recognize these signs. Some lesions have characteristic features that allow for early detection and intervention. On the contrary, clinical manifestations may be diverse and require a comprehensive evaluation to establish a definitive diagnosis. This article reviews the oral manifestations of select systemic diseases to help clinicians develop a differential diagnosis that leads to early diagnosis and timely intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir D Upadhyaya
- Department of Applied Dental Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine, 2800 College Avenue, Building 285, Alton, IL 62002, USA.
| | - Vimi Sunil Mutalik
- Department of Dental Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of Manitoba Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W2, Canada
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Remnant Cholesterol as an Independent Predictor of Periodontitis: A Population-Based Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2023; 2023:3413356. [PMID: 36824233 PMCID: PMC9943602 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3413356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective Numerus studies present that remnant cholesterol (RC) as a risk factor participates in the progression of multiple diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cholesterol and periodontitis in the US population to find a reliable lipid predictor for periodontitis. Materials and Methods Clinical data was retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 2009 and 2014. The logistic regression was conducted to examine the corelationship between RC and various clinical features. Meanwhile, the dose-response relationship was measured through restricted cubic spline analysis. And the propensity score matching (PSM) was established to further investigate the potential relationship between RC and periodontitis. Results A number of 4,829 eligible participants were included in this study. It was found that the increased RC is associated with the higher risk of periodontitis after adjusting the potential confounding factors with the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of 1.403 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.171-1.681, P < 0.001, univariate analysis) and 1.341 (95% CI: 1.105-1.629, P = 0.003, multivariate analysis) in the highest grade. There were significant differences in the relationship between RC and various clinical features including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), race, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (all P < 0.001). Besides, the calculated thresholds for predicting periodontitis were 19.99 (before propensity score matching (PSM)) and 20.91 (after PSM) mg/dL. Conclusions In this study, RC was identified to be positively associated with the occurrence of periodontitis, which suggests that RC can be considered as a predictor for periodontitis.
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Study of the inflammatory activating process in the early stage of Fusobacterium nucleatum infected PDLSCs. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36754953 PMCID: PMC9908923 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is an early pathogenic colonizer in periodontitis, but the host response to infection with this pathogen remains unclear. In this study, we built an F. nucleatum infectious model with human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and showed that F. nucleatum could inhibit proliferation, and facilitate apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inflammatory cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. The F. nucleatum adhesin FadA acted as a proinflammatory virulence factor and increased the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-8. Further study showed that FadA could bind with PEBP1 to activate the Raf1-MAPK and IKK-NF-κB signaling pathways. Time-course RNA-sequencing analyses showed the cascade of gene activation process in PDLSCs with increasing durations of F. nucleatum infection. NFκB1 and NFκB2 upregulated after 3 h of F. nucleatum-infection, and the inflammatory-related genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway were serially elevated with time. Using computational drug repositioning analysis, we predicted and validated that two potential drugs (piperlongumine and fisetin) could attenuate the negative effects of F. nucleatum-infection. Collectively, this study unveils the potential pathogenic mechanisms of F. nucleatum and the host inflammatory response at the early stage of F. nucleatum infection.
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82
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Klomp T, Jahr H, Abdelbary MMH, Conrads G. Evaluation of hydrocortisone as a strain-dependent growth-regulator of Porphyromonasgingivalis. Anaerobe 2023; 80:102698. [PMID: 36681234 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Porphyromonas gingivalis is an oral key pathogen and known to be very diverse in geno- and phenotypes. It is a fastidious bacterium with low O2-tolerance and 3-7 days of incubation are necessary. With growing interest in the field of microbial endocrinology we explored the potential growth-stimulating effect of hydrocortisone (HC, synonym cortisol) on P. gingivalis cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS Six different P. gingivalis strains were pre-incubated in supplemented Brain-Heart-Infusion broth under appropriate conditions for 24 h, diluted and transferred into microplates. A newly developed and semi-automated spectrophotometric measurement in triplicate, applying a SpectraMax i3x microplate reader at an optical density of 600 nm, was conducted to test growth differences between test group (exposed to a supplement of either 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 μg/ml of hydrocortisone) and control group over 48 h of anaerobic incubation (O2 ≤ 1%). Furthermore, strains were also incubated on HC-supplemented blood agar to test for a possible growth-stimulating effect on solid media. RESULTS HC significantly stimulated the lag-phase growth of four out of six P. gingivalis strains. Our data suggest a concentration-dependent growth stimulatory effect of HC between 2.5 and 5 μg/ml, while below 1.25 μg/ml and above 10 μg/ml HC either did not stimulate or inhibited growth. CONCLUSIONS HC could reduce the incubation time when isolating P. gingivalis from clinical samples and could boost low biomass cultivations especially during their lag-phase. The growth-modulating effect might be via modulation of virulence factors/quorum sensing gene expression or by reactive oxygen species(ROS)-capturing during early stages of bacterial growth. Further experiments are necessary to explain the mechanism behind our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klomp
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen and Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M H Abdelbary
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Conrads
- Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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83
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Viglianisi G, Tartaglia GM, Santonocito S, Amato M, Polizzi A, Mascitti M, Isola G. The Emerging Role of Salivary Oxidative Stress Biomarkers as Prognostic Markers of Periodontitis: New Insights for a Personalized Approach in Dentistry. J Pers Med 2023; 13:166. [PMID: 36836401 PMCID: PMC9964692 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and infective oral disease that leads to the destruction of periodontal tissues and tooth loss. Although the treatment of periodontitis has improved recently, the effective treatment of periodontitis and the periodontitis-affected periodontal tissues is still a challenge. Therefore, exploring new therapeutic strategies for a personalized approach is urgent. For this reason, the aim of this study is to summarize recent advances and the potential of oxidative stress biomarkers in the early diagnosis and personalized therapeutic approaches in periodontitis. Recently, ROS metabolisms (ROMs) have been studied in the physiopathology of periodontitis. Different studies show that ROS plays a crucial role in periodontitis. In this regard, the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) started to be searched for the measures of the oxidizing capacity of the plasma understood as the total content of oxygen free radicals (ROS). The oxidizing capacity of plasma is a significant indicator of the body's oxidant state as well as homocysteine (Hcy), sulfur amino acid, which has pro-oxidant effects as it favors the production of superoxide anion. More specifically, the thioredoxin (TRX) and peroxiredoxin (PRX) systems control reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydroxyl species, to transduce redox signals and change the activities of antioxidant enzymes to remove free radicals. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), among other antioxidant enzymes, change their activity when ROS are produced in order to neutralize free radicals. The TRX system is triggered and transduces redox signals to do this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Viglianisi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Martino Tartaglia
- Section of Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Dentistry Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Amato
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Mascitti
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Dental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
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84
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Tonelli A, Lumngwena EN, Ntusi NAB. The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:386-403. [PMID: 36624275 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and expansion of available therapies, the global burden of CVD-associated morbidity and mortality remains unacceptably high. Important gaps remain in our understanding of the mechanisms of CVD and determinants of disease progression. In the past decade, much research has been conducted on the human microbiome and its potential role in modulating CVD. With the advent of high-throughput technologies and multiomics analyses, the complex and dynamic relationship between the microbiota, their 'theatre of activity' and the host is gradually being elucidated. The relationship between the gut microbiome and CVD is well established. Much less is known about the role of disruption (dysbiosis) of the oral microbiome; however, interest in the field is growing, as is the body of literature from basic science and animal and human investigations. In this Review, we examine the link between the oral microbiome and CVD, specifically coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heart failure, infective endocarditis and rheumatic heart disease. We discuss the various mechanisms by which oral dysbiosis contributes to CVD pathogenesis and potential strategies for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Tonelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, Christiaan Barnard Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelyn N Lumngwena
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Centre for the Study of Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies, Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Ntobeko A B Ntusi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Extramural Research Unit on the Intersection of Noncommunicable Diseases and Infectious Disease, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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85
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Luthra S, Orlandi M, Hussain SB, Leira Y, Botelho J, Machado V, Mendes JJ, Marletta D, Harden S, D'Aiuto F. Treatment of periodontitis and C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:45-60. [PMID: 35946825 PMCID: PMC10087558 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic inflammation is implicated in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Periodontitis is a potential trigger of systemic inflammation. PURPOSE To comprehensively appraise all the evidence on the effects of the treatment of periodontitis on systemic inflammation assessed by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. DATA SOURCES Six electronic databases were searched up to 10 February 2022 to identify and select articles in English language only. STUDY SELECTION Twenty-six randomized controlled clinical trials reporting changes amongst 2579 participants about CRP levels at 6 months or more after treatment. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently extracted data and rated the quality of studies. Meta-analyses were performed using random and fixed effect models. RISK OF BIAS Risk of bias (RoB 2.0 tool) and quality of evidence (GRADEpro GDT tool) analyses were completed. DATA SYNTHESIS Treatment of periodontitis reduced CRP levels by 0.69 mg/L (95% confidence interval: -0.97 to -0.40) after 6 months, but limited evidence was retrieved from studies with longer follow-ups. Similar findings were observed in participants with other co-morbidities in addition to periodontitis. Greatest reductions were observed in participants with concentrations of CRP >3 mg/L at baseline. LIMITATIONS High level of heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of periodontitis reduces serum CRP levels (up to 6 months follow-up) to a degree equivalent to that observed after traditional lifestyle or drug interventions. This evidence supports a causal association between periodontitis and systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Luthra
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Marco Orlandi
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Yago Leira
- Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
- Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology, University of Santiago de Compostela and Medical-Surgical Dentistry Research Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - João Botelho
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Periodontology Department, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Evidence-Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz (IUEM), Almada, Portugal
| | | | - Simon Harden
- Department of Statistical Science, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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86
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Jiang X, Zhao Q, Huang Z, Ma F, Chen K, Li Z. Relevant mechanisms of MAIT cells involved in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1104932. [PMID: 36896188 PMCID: PMC9988952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are a group of unconventional T cells that are abundant in the human body, recognize microbial-derived vitamin B metabolites presented by MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1), and rapidly produce proinflammatory cytokines, which are widely involved in the immune response to various infectious diseases. In the oral mucosa, MAIT cells tend to accumulate near the mucosal basal lamina and are more inclined to secrete IL-17 when activated. Periodontitis is a group of diseases that manifests mainly as inflammation of the gums and resorption of the alveolar bone due to periodontal tissue invasion by plaque bacteria on the dental surface. The course of periodontitis is often accompanied by a T-cell-mediated immune response. This paper discussed the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the potential contribution of MAIT cells to periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhanyu Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyu Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- College of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Zejian Li,
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87
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Chokkattu JJ, Neeharika S, Rameshkrishnan M. Applications of Nanomaterials in Dentistry: A Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:32-41. [PMID: 37153931 PMCID: PMC10155882 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_175_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objective Currently, the major priority in the field of nanotechnology or nanoscience is research and development at the atomic- or molecular-level sciences. Almost every aspects of human health, including pharmaceutical, clinical research and analysis, and supplemental immunological systems, are significantly impacted by it. Diverse dental applications to the realm of nanotechnology, which also reflect developments in material sciences, have given rise to the field of nanodentistry and nanocatalytic drug development, especially in oral nanozyme research and application. This review is aimed to provide readers an in-depth analysis of nanotechnology's characteristics, varied qualities, and applications toward dentistry. Materials and Methods A query was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the articles published from 2007 to 2022 using the keywords/MESH term nanomaterials, dentistry, nanoenzymes, metals, and antibacterial activity. Data extraction and evidence synthesis have been performed by three researchers individually. Results A total of 901 articles have been extracted, out of which 108 have been removed due to repetitions and overlapping. After further screening following exclusion and inclusion criteria, 74 papers were considered to be pertinent and that primarily addressed dental nanotechnology were chosen. Further, the data havebeen extracted and interpreted for the review. The results of the review indicated that the development of multifunctional nanozymes has been continuously assessed in relation to oro-dental illnesses to show the significant impact that nanozymes have on oral health. Conclusion As evidenced by the obtained results, with the advent of ongoing breakthroughs in nanotechnology, dental care could be improved with advanced preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Joe Chokkattu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Jerry Joe Chokkattu, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India. ,
| | - Singamsetty Neeharika
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Rameshkrishnan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Li J, Tang M, Chen H, Wang G, Guo J, Gui S. Microemulsion-thermosensitive gel composites as in situ-forming drug reservoir for periodontitis tissue repair through alveolar bone and collagen regeneration strategy. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:30-39. [PMID: 36541732 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2161574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A satisfactory clinical effect in treating periodontitis is often difficult to achieve by conventional non-surgical systemic drug delivery due to the narrow anatomical structure of the periodontal pocket and insufficient drug concentration at lesion sites. In addition, the feasibility of combating periodontal tissue lesions by restoring the alveolar bone and allowing collagen regeneration has not been fully explored. The objective of this study was to prepare a microemulsion integrating the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic active ingredients of baicalin and clove oil (BC-MEs). Then, the composite hydrogel obtained by mixing poloxamer 407 and 188 was used as the thermosensitive gel matrix to load BC-MEs and form a drug reservoir (Gel-BC-MEs) injectable in situ. Gel-BC-MEs exhibited a significant, sustained release of baicalin for 12 h, gelation temperature was 33.4 ± 0.36 °C, and pH was 5.45 ± 0.12. The experiment on a rat periodontitis model demonstrated that Gel-BC-MEs significantly improved periodontal tissue repair by collagen regeneration and osteogenesis by inhibiting osteoclast infiltration. This study proposes a novel strategy for periodontal tissue repair by enhancing the therapeutic potential of a microemulsion using an in situ nano-gel delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Maomao Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hairong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guichun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuangying Gui
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, Anhui, China
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89
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Yu J, Qin W, Huang W, Thomas K. Oral Health and Mortality Among Older Adults: A Doubly Robust Survival Analysis. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:9-16. [PMID: 36150950 PMCID: PMC11018359 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence on the association between oral health and mortality is inconclusive, and few studies have accounted for the nonrandom selection bias in estimating their relationship. This study aims to investigate the link between oral health and mortality in community-dwelling older adults by adjusting for confounding factors with a doubly robust survival estimation. METHODS Data came from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) and were linked to the National Death Index mortality data through December 2015. The analytic sample consisted of 4,880 adults aged ≥60 years. Oral health measures included objective clinical indicators (edentulism, periodontitis, and untreated dental caries) and self-rated oral health. Cox proportional hazards regression models and inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment for observational survival-time estimation were utilized to assess the relationship between oral health and mortality. Analyses were conducted in 2021. RESULTS Edentulism (average treatment effect= -26.13, 95% CI= -48.69, -3.57) was associated with a reduction in survival time. Periodontal conditions and dental caries were related to all-cause mortality in Cox models but became nonsignificant when inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment survival estimation was applied. Good self-rated oral health was significantly related to an increase in survival time (average treatment effect=21.50; 95% CI= 4.92, 38.07). CONCLUSIONS Both objective and subjective oral health are risk factors for mortality among older adults. Improving access to dental screening and treatment among community-dwelling older adults has the potential to reduce oral health‒related risks of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yu
- IPUMS, Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Weidi Qin
- Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Wenxuan Huang
- Hopkins Population Center, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristi Thomas
- University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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90
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Noble JM, Papapanou PN. With Teeth, Broken, or Fixed: The Challenges of Linking Periodontitis, Neuroepidemiology, and Biomarkers of Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:991-994. [PMID: 37248907 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory, bacterially-driven disease of the tooth-supporting tissues that shares several risk factors and elements of host response with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Epidemiological studies have identified relatively consistent associations between adverse oral health conditions and ADRD. In this issue of the journal, a large study from the UK Biobank further explores these relationships along with MRI cognitive biomarkers. Despite its strength due to the large sample size, challenges in the study of periodontitis and neuroepidemiology markers include potential sampling bias, appropriate assessment of exposures, and the possibility of reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Noble
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, GH Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos N Papapanou
- Division of Periodontics, Section of Oral, Diagnostic and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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91
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Katz J, Rotstein I. Acute periapical dental abscesses and increased risk for extracranial carotid artery aneurysms. JOURNAL OF ORAL MEDICINE AND ORAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1051/mbcb/2022035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To assess the prevalence of acute periapical abscesses (PAs) in patients with a history of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA). Materials and methods: History of acute PAs and ECAA diagnosis was retrieved by searching the appropriate query in the database. All cases were diagnosed for acute PAs by calibrated dentists for patients admitted to urgent care. The odds ratio (OR) for the prevalence of acute PAs and its association with history of ECAA were then calculated. Results: The prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history ECAA was significantly higher as compared to the general hospital patient population (p < 0.0001). The OR was 5.5. Females were more affected than males by 1.7 folds (p < 0.001). Whites were more affected than African Americans by 1.6 folds (p < 0.00001). Conclusions: The high prevalence of acute PAs in patients with a history of ECAA may suggest an association between these two conditions warranting a thorough medical examination.
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92
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Yan R, Liu J, Dong Z, Peng Q. Nanomaterials-mediated photodynamic therapy and its applications in treating oral diseases. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 144:213218. [PMID: 36436431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontitis and oral cancer, have a very high morbidity over the world. Basically, many oral diseases are commonly related to bacterial infections or cell malignant proliferation, and usually located on the superficial positions. These features allow the convenient and efficient application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral diseases, since PDT is ideally suitable for the diseases on superficial sites and has been widely used for antimicrobial and anticancer therapy. Photosensitizers (PSs) are an essential element in PDT, which induce the generation of a large number of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon absorption of specific lights. Almost all the PSs are small molecules and commonly suffered from various problems in the PDT environment, such as low solubility and poor stability. Recently, reports on the nanomedicine-based PDT have been well documented. Various functionalized nanomaterials can serve either as the PSs carriers or the direct PSs, thus enhancing the PDT efficacy. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the features of different oral diseases and discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine-based PDT in the treatment of some common oral diseases. Also, the concerns and possible solutions for nanomaterials-mediated PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zaiquan Dong
- Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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93
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King S, Church L, Garde S, Chow CK, Akhter R, Eberhard J. Targeting the reduction of inflammatory risk associated with cardiovascular disease by treating periodontitis either alone or in combination with a systemic anti-inflammatory agent: protocol for a pilot, parallel group, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063148. [PMID: 36410825 PMCID: PMC9680180 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with systemic inflammation. Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug, reduces the incidence of CVD events. Periodontitis, a chronic localised inflammatory disease of the tissues supporting the teeth, triggers systemic inflammation and contributes to inflammatory risk. Treatment for periodontitis reduces markers of inflammation, however, there is no evidence on whether an anti-inflammatory medication in combination with periodontal treatment can reduce the inflammatory risk. The aim of this trial is to investigate the effect of periodontal treatment either alone or in combination with an anti-inflammatory agent on inflammation in patients with periodontitis and CVD at 8 weeks. METHODS AND ANALYSIS 60 participants with moderate-to-severe periodontitis, coronary artery disease and an increased inflammatory risk (>2 mg/L high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) levels) will be recruited from a tertiary referral hospital in Australia in a parallel design, single blind, randomised controlled trial. Baseline hsCRP levels, lipid profile and periodontal assessment will be completed for each participant before they are randomised in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to one of 4 arms as follows: (group A) periodontal treatment and colchicine; (group B) periodontal treatment only; (group C) colchicine only or (group D) control/delayed periodontal treatment. Periodontal treatment will be provided over three treatment visits, 0.5 mg of colchicine will be provided as a daily tablet. Participants will be followed up at 8 weeks to measure primary and secondary outcomes and complete a follow-up questionnaire. The primary outcome is the difference in hsCRP levels, the secondary outcomes are differences in lipid levels and periodontal parameters and the feasibility measures of recruitment conversion rate, completion rate and the safety and tolerability of the trial. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Ethics Committee (protocol number 2019/ETH00200). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619001573145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalinie King
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren Church
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Siddharth Garde
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rahena Akhter
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lifespan Oral Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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94
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Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Luo B, Cui J, Huang L, Chen K, Liu Y. The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: A comprehensive review and emerging insights. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1010368. [PMID: 36466857 PMCID: PMC9716288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence demonstrating that oral dysbiosis causes periodontal disease and promotes the development of cardiovascular disease. The advancement of omics techniques has driven the optimization of oral microbiota species analysis and has provided a deeper understanding of oral pathogenic bacteria. A bi-directional relationship exists between the oral microbiota and the host, and oral-gut microbiota transfer is known to alter the composition of the gut microbiota and may cause local metabolic disorders. Furthermore, cardiovascular health can also be highly affected by oral microbiota functions and metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and some lipid metabolites. Studies have found that trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) may have adverse effects on cardiovascular health, whereas SCFAs, NO, and H2S have cardioprotective effects. SCFAs and H2S exert varying oral and cardiovascular effects, however reports on this specific topic remain controversial. Previous evidences are accustomed to summarizing the functions of oral microbiota in the context of periodontitis. The direct relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular diseases is insufficient. By systematically summarizing the methods associated with oral microbiota transplantation (OMT), this review facilitates an investigation into the causal links between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease. The concomitant development of omics, bioinformatics, bacterial culture techniques, and microbiota transplantation techniques is required to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between oral microbiota and cardiovascular disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- The Second Department of Gerontology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keji Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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95
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Hou W, Xia X, Li Y, Lv H, Liu J, Li X. Recent progress and perspectives on the relationship between hyperuricemia and periodontitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:995582. [PMID: 36466813 PMCID: PMC9708725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.995582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent diseases in oral cavity, which could not merely lead to the destruction of supporting or surrounding tooth structures but also affect the whole-body health such as the digestive and nervous systems. Epidemiological investigations suggested that in some developed countries, more than 45% or even 50% population were suffering from periodontitis. However, the prevalence increases with age remarkably and it is investigated that a high prevalence (>50%) is affecting the elderly who is over 65 years old. There is an increasing interest in the direct and indirect relationships between periodontitis and hyperuricemia. Currently, hyperuricemia has become the second major metabolic disease in modern society and the prevalence of hyperuricemia among adult males and females was 21.7% and 14.4% respectively. As an inflammatory disease associated with various systemic diseases, periodontitis may have certain connections with hyperuricemia. Partial existing research announced that hyperuricemia could act as an inhibitory factor for periodontitis, while other scholars presented that a high uric acid (UA) level was more likely to aggravate inflammatory immune response and lead to more serious tissue destruction. This article provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the relationship underlying hyperuricemia and periodontitis in the molecular mechanisms. Given the impact of hyperuricemia, this review could provide insight into its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxue Hou
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaomin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Hanlin Lv
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Dental Digital Medicine & 3D Printing Engineering Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
- Dental Biomaterials Technology Innovation Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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96
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Joshi C, Mezincescu A, Gunasekara M, Rudd A, Botchorichvili H, Sabir S, Dospinescu C, Noman A, Hogg D, Cherukara G, McLernon D, Hijazi K, Dawson D. Myocardial infarction risk is increased by periodontal pathobionts: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18608. [PMID: 36329042 PMCID: PMC9633823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To establish the role of periodontal pathobionts as a risk factor for myocardial infarction, we examined the contribution of five periodontal pathobionts and their virulence genes' expressions to myocardial injury (Troponin-I) and coronary artery disease burden (SYNTAX-I scores) using hierarchical linear regression. Pathobiont loads in subgingival-plaques and intra-coronary-thrombi were compared. Troponin-I release increased with one 16S rRNA gene copy/ng DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (β = 6.8 × 10-6, 95% CI = 1.1 × 10-7-2.1 × 10-5), one-fold increased expressions of fimA (β = 14.3, 95% CI = 1.5-27.1), bioF-3 (β = 7.8, 95% CI = 1.1-12.3), prtH (β = 1107.8, 95% CI = 235.6-2451.3), prtP (β = 6772.8, 95% CI = 2418.7-11,126.9), ltxA (β = 1811.8, 95% CI = 217.1-3840.8), cdtB (β = 568.3, 95% CI = 113.4-1250.1), all p < 0.05. SYNTAX-I score increased with one 16S rRNA gene copy/ng DNA of Porphyromonas gingivalis (β = 3.8 × 10-9, 95% CI = 3.6 × 10-10-1.8 × 10-8), one-fold increased expressions of fimA (β = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1), bioF-3 (β = 1.1, 95% CI = 1-5.2), prtP (β = 3, 95% CI = 1.3-4.6), ltxA (β = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-2.5), all p < 0.05. Within-subject Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia from intra-coronary-thrombi and subgingival-plaques correlated (rho = 0.6, p < 0.05). Higher pathobiont load and/or upregulated virulence are risk factors for myocardial infarction.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04719026.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Joshi
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZR UK
| | - A. Mezincescu
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - M. Gunasekara
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. Rudd
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - H. Botchorichvili
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZR UK
| | - S. Sabir
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZR UK
| | - C. Dospinescu
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - A. Noman
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - D. Hogg
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
| | - G. Cherukara
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZR UK
| | - D. McLernon
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Medical Statistics Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - K. Hijazi
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZR UK
| | - D. Dawson
- grid.7107.10000 0004 1936 7291Department of Cardiology and Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Level 1, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD UK
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97
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Lee H, Joo JY, Sohn DH, Kang J, Yu Y, Park HR, Kim YH. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals rebalancing of immunological response in patients with periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:504. [PMID: 36329504 PMCID: PMC9635198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03702-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a major inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa that is not limited to the oral cavity but also has systemic consequences. Although the importance of chronic periodontitis has been emphasized, the systemic immune response induced by periodontitis and its therapeutic effects remain elusive. Here, we report the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with periodontitis. Methods Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled PBMCs from healthy controls and paired pre- and post-treatment patients with periodontitis. We extracted differentially expressed genes and biological pathways for each cell type and calculated activity scores reflecting cellular characteristics. Intercellular crosstalk was classified into therapy-responsive and -nonresponsive pathways. Results We analyzed pan-cellular differentially expressed genes caused by periodontitis and found that most cell types showed a significant increase in CRIP1, which was further supported by the increased levels of plasma CRIP1 observed in patients with periodontitis. In addition, activated cell type-specific ligand-receptor interactions, including the BTLA, IFN-γ, and RESISTIN pathways, were prominent in patients with periodontitis. Both the BTLA and IFN-γ pathways returned to similar levels in healthy controls after periodontal therapy, whereas the RESISTIN pathway was still activated even after therapy. Conclusion These data collectively provide insights into the transcriptome changes and molecular interactions that are responsive to periodontal treatment. We identified periodontitis-specific systemic inflammatory indicators and suggest unresolved signals of non-surgical therapy as future therapeutic targets. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03702-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansong Lee
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Joo
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kang
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeuni Yu
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ryoun Park
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak- ro, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Convergence Medical Sciences, Pusan National University, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea ,grid.262229.f0000 0001 0719 8572Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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98
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Zeng Y, Cao S, Chen M. Integrated analysis and exploration of potential shared gene signatures between carotid atherosclerosis and periodontitis. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:227. [PMID: 36316672 PMCID: PMC9620656 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence has suggested an association between carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) and periodontitis (PD); however, the mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study aims to investigate the shared genes and molecular mechanisms underlying the co-pathogenesis of CAS and PD. METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE100927 and GSE10334 were downloaded, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both datasets were identified. The functional enrichment analysis of these overlapping DEGs was then conducted. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, and PPI key genes were identified using the cytoHubba plugin. Then, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed on GSE100927 and GSE10334, and the gene modules most correlated with CAS and PD were identified as key modules. The genes in key modules overlapping with PPI key genes were determined to be the key crosstalk genes. Subsequently, the key crosstalk genes were validated in three independent external datasets (GSE43292 [CAS microarray dataset], GSE16134 [PD microarray dataset], and GSE28829 [CAS microarray dataset]). In addition, the immune cell patterns of PD and CAS were evaluated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), and the correlation of key crosstalk genes with each immune cell was calculated. Finally, we investigated the transcription factors (TFs) that regulate key crosstalk genes using NetworkAnalyst 3.0 platform. RESULTS 355 overlapping DEGs of CAS and PD were identified. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted the vital role of immune and inflammatory pathways in CAS and PD. The PPI network was constructed, and eight PPI key genes were identified by cytoHubba, including CD4, FCGR2A, IL1B, ITGAM, ITGAX, LCK, PTPRC, and TNF. By WGCNA, the turquoise module was identified as the most correlated module with CAS, and the blue module was identified as the most correlated module with PD. Ultimately, ITGAM and LCK were identified as key crosstalk genes as they appeared both in key modules and PPI key genes. Expression levels of ITGAM and LCK were significantly elevated in the case groups of the test datasets (GSE100927 and GSE10334) and validation datasets (GSE43292, GSE16134, and GSE28829). In addition, the expression of multiple immune cells was significantly elevated in PD and CAS compared to controls, and the two key crosstalk genes were both significantly associated with CD4 T cells. Finally, SPI1 was identified as a potential key TF, which regulates the two key crosstalk genes. CONCLUSION This study identified the key crosstalk genes and TF in PD and CAS, which provides new insights for further studies on the co-morbidity mechanisms of CAS and PD from an immune and inflammatory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjie Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Si Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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99
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[NLRC4 plays a regulatory role in F. nucleatum-induced pyroptosis in macrophages]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:1560-1565. [PMID: 36329592 PMCID: PMC9637494 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of F.nucleatum-induced pyroptosis in macrophages and the regulatory role of inflammasomes. METHODS Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity assay and Hoechst 33342/PI double fluorescence staining were used to analyze cytolysis in F.nucleatum-infected macrophage RAW264.7 cells.The expressions of pyroptosis-related proteins caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β were determined using Western blotting.Inflammasome activation in the cells was analyzed by detecting the mRNA expressions of NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, and NLRP1 with qRT-PCR.RNA interference technique was used to knock down the key molecules involved in pyroptosis regulation in the macrophages, and the pyroptosis and necrosis rates of the cells following F.nucleatum infection were examined. RESULTS The results of LDH cytotoxicity assay and double-fluorescence staining showed that F.nucleatum infection caused swelling and lytic cell death in RAW264.7 cells.F.nucleatum infection resulted in the activation of caspase-1 and GSDMD and upregulated IL-1β expression in a multiplicity of infection (MOI)-and time-dependent manner (P < 0.05).qRT-PCR revealed significantly increased expression of NLRC4 mRNA in the macrophages after F.nucleatum infection (P < 0.05).NLRC4 silencing by siRNA strongly inhibited the activation of caspase-1/GSDMD pathway and reduced cell death (P < 0.05) and IL-1β expression in F.nucleatum-infected cells. CONCLUSION NLRC4 inflammasome drives caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis and inflammatory signaling in F.nucleatum-infected macrophages, suggesting the potential of NLRC4 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for F.nucleatum infections.
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100
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Aleksijević LH, Aleksijević M, Škrlec I, Šram M, Šram M, Talapko J. Porphyromonas gingivalis Virulence Factors and Clinical Significance in Periodontal Disease and Coronary Artery Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101173. [PMID: 36297228 PMCID: PMC9609396 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, anaerobic bacterium that lives in the oral cavity. It is an integral part of the oral microbiome, which includes more than 500 types of bacteria. Under certain circumstances, as a consequence of virulence factors, it can become very destructive and proliferate to many cells in periodontal lesions. It is one of the causative agents present extremely often in dental plaque and is the main etiological factor in the development of periodontal disease. During various therapeutic procedures, P. gingivalis can enter the blood and disseminate through it to distant organs. This primarily refers to the influence of periodontal agents on the development of subacute endocarditis and can facilitate the development of coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and ischemic infarction. The action of P. gingivalis is facilitated by numerous factors of virulence and pathogenicity such as fimbriae, hemolysin, hemagglutinin, capsules, outer membrane vesicles, lipopolysaccharides, and gingipains. A special problem is the possibility of biofilm formation. P. gingivalis in a biofilm is 500 to 1000 times less sensitive to antimicrobial drugs than planktonic cells, which represents a significant problem in the treatment of infections caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Horvat Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
| | - Marko Aleksijević
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivana Škrlec
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marko Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Šram
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Talapko
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence: (L.H.A.); (J.T.)
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