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Hoover BA, García-Reyes M, Batten SD, Gentemann CL, Sydeman WJ. Spatio-temporal persistence of zooplankton communities in the Gulf of Alaska. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244960. [PMID: 33481844 PMCID: PMC7822315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatial structuring of mid-trophic level forage communities in the Gulf of Alaska (GoA) is poorly understood, even though it has clear implications for the health of fisheries and marine wildlife populations. Here, we test the hypothesis that summertime (May-August) mesozooplankton communities are spatially-persistent across years of varying ocean conditions, including during the marine heatwave of 2014-2016. We use spatial ordinations and hierarchical clustering of Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) sampling over 17 years (2000-2016) to (1) characterize typical zooplankton communities in different regions of the GoA, and (2) investigate spatial structuring relative to variation in ocean temperatures and circulation. Five regional communities were identified, each representing distinct variation in the abundance of 18 primary zooplankton taxa: a distinct cluster of coastal taxa on the continental shelf north of Vancouver Island; a second cluster in the western GoA associated with strong currents and cold water east of Unimak Pass; a shelf break cluster rich in euphausiids found at both the eastern and western margins of the GoA; a broad offshore cluster of abundant pelagic zooplankton in the southern GoA gyre associated with stable temperature and current conditions; and a final offshore cluster exhibiting low zooplankton abundance concentrated along the northeastern arm of the subarctic gyre where ocean conditions are dominated by eddy activity. When comparing years of anomalous warm and cold sea surface temperatures, we observed change in the spatial structure in coastal communities, but little change (i.e., spatial persistence) in the northwestern GoA basin. Whereas previous studies have shown within-region variability in zooplankton communities in response to ocean climate, we highlight both consistency and change in regional communities, with interannual variability in shelf communities and persistence in community structure offshore. These results suggest greater variability in coastal food webs than in the central portion of the GoA, which may be important to energy exchange from lower to upper trophic levels in the mesoscale biomes of this ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Hoover
- Farallon Institute, Petaluma, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sonia D. Batten
- CPR Survey, Marine Biological Association, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
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Ladds M, Rosen D, Gerlinsky C, Slip D, Harcourt R. Diving deep into trouble: the role of foraging strategy and morphology in adapting to a changing environment. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 8:coaa111. [PMID: 34168880 PMCID: PMC8218901 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coaa111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Physiology places constraints on an animal's ability to forage and those unable to adapt to changing conditions may face increased challenges to reproduce and survive. As the global marine environment continues to change, small, air-breathing, endothermic marine predators such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions) and particularly females, who are constrained by central place foraging during breeding, may experience increased difficulties in successfully obtaining adequate food resources. We explored whether physiological limits of female otariids may be innately related to body morphology (fur seals vs sea lions) and/or dictate foraging strategies (epipelagic vs mesopelagic or benthic). We conducted a systematic review of the increased body of literature since the original reviews of Costa et al. (When does physiology limit the foraging behaviour of freely diving mammals? Int Congr Ser 2004;1275:359-366) and Arnould and Costa (Sea lions in drag, fur seals incognito: insights from the otariid deviants. In Sea Lions of the World Fairbanks. Alaska Sea Grant College Program, Alaska, USA, pp. 309-324, 2006) on behavioural (dive duration and depth) and physiological (total body oxygen stores and diving metabolic rates) parameters. We estimated calculated aerobic dive limit (cADL-estimated duration of aerobic dives) for species and used simulations to predict the proportion of dives that exceeded the cADL. We tested whether body morphology or foraging strategy was the primary predictor of these behavioural and physiological characteristics. We found that the foraging strategy compared to morphology was a better predictor of most parameters, including whether a species was more likely to exceed their cADL during a dive and the ratio of dive time to cADL. This suggests that benthic and mesopelagic divers are more likely to be foraging at their physiological capacity. For species operating near their physiological capacity (regularly exceeding their cADL), the ability to switch strategies is limited as the cost of foraging deeper and longer is disproportionally high, unless it is accompanied by physiological adaptations. It is proposed that some otariids may not have the ability to switch foraging strategies and so be unable adapt to a changing oceanic ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Ladds
- Marine Ecosystems Team, Department of Conservation, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences,
Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113, Australia
| | - David Rosen
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Carling Gerlinsky
- Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David Slip
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences,
Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113, Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman 2088, Australia
| | - Robert Harcourt
- Marine Predator Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences,
Macquarie University, North Ryde 2113, Australia
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53
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Bestley S, Ropert-Coudert Y, Bengtson Nash S, Brooks CM, Cotté C, Dewar M, Friedlaender AS, Jackson JA, Labrousse S, Lowther AD, McMahon CR, Phillips RA, Pistorius P, Puskic PS, Reis AODA, Reisinger RR, Santos M, Tarszisz E, Tixier P, Trathan PN, Wege M, Wienecke B. Marine Ecosystem Assessment for the Southern Ocean: Birds and Marine Mammals in a Changing Climate. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.566936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Carpenter‐Kling T, Reisinger RR, Orgeret F, Connan M, Stevens KL, Ryan PG, Makhado A, Pistorius PA. Foraging in a dynamic environment: Response of four sympatric sub-Antarctic albatross species to interannual environmental variability. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:11277-11295. [PMID: 33144964 PMCID: PMC7593157 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal and annual climate variations are linked to fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of resources, posing a significant challenge to animals that need to adjust their foraging behavior accordingly. Particularly during adverse conditions, and while energetically constrained when breeding, animals ideally need to be flexible in their foraging behavior. Such behavioral plasticity may separate "winners" from "losers" in light of rapid environmental changes due to climate change. Here, the foraging behavior of four sub-Antarctic albatross species was investigated from 2015/16 to 2017/18, a period characterized by pronounced environmental variability. Over three breeding seasons on Marion Island, Prince Edward Archipelago, incubating wandering (WA, Diomedea exulans; n = 45), grey-headed (GHA, Thalassarche chrysostoma; n = 26), sooty (SA, Phoebetria fusca; n = 23), and light-mantled (LMSA, P. palpebrata; n = 22) albatrosses were tracked with GPS loggers. The response of birds to environmental variability was investigated by quantifying interannual changes in their foraging behavior along two axes: spatial distribution, using kernel density analysis, and foraging habitat preference, using generalized additive mixed models and Bayesian mixed models. All four species were shown to respond behaviorally to environmental variability, but with substantial differences in their foraging strategies. WA was most general in its habitat use defined by sea surface height, eddy kinetic energy, wind speed, ocean floor slope, and sea-level anomaly, with individuals foraging in a range of habitats. In contrast, the three smaller albatrosses exploited two main foraging habitats, with habitat use varying between years. Generalist habitat use by WA and interannually variable use of habitats by GHA, SA, and LMSA would likely offer these species some resilience to predicted changes in climate such as warming seas and strengthening of westerly winds. However, future investigations need to consider other life-history stages coupled with demographic studies, to better understand the link between behavioral plasticity and population responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Carpenter‐Kling
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU)Department of ZoologyInstitute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | - Ryan R. Reisinger
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU)Department of ZoologyInstitute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- LOCEAN‐IPSLUMR 7159 CNRS‐IRD‐MNHNSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de ChizéUMR 7372 du CNRS‐Université de La RochelleVilliers‐en‐BoisFrance
| | - Florian Orgeret
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU)Department of ZoologyInstitute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | - Maëlle Connan
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU)Department of ZoologyInstitute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
| | - Kim L. Stevens
- FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Peter G. Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
| | - Azwianewi Makhado
- FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyDST‐NRF Centre of ExcellenceUniversity of Cape TownRondeboschSouth Africa
- Department of Environment, Forestry and FisheriesOceans and Coasts ResearchCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pierre A. Pistorius
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit (MAPRU)Department of ZoologyInstitute for Coastal and Marine ResearchNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
- DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African OrnithologyNelson Mandela UniversityPort ElizabethSouth Africa
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55
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Zhu Y, Zheng S, Reygondeau G, Zhang Z, Chu J, Hong X, Wang Y, Cheung WWL. Modelling spatiotemporal trends in range shifts of marine commercial fish species driven by climate change surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140258. [PMID: 32783853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the relationships between species distributional shifts and climate change have been investigated at various geographic scales, yet there is still a gap in understanding the impacts of climate change on marine commercial fish species surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula. The dynamic bioclimate envelope model (DBEM) is a mechanistic model that encompass species distribution model and population dynamic model approaches to project the spatiotemporal change of marine commercial fish species driven by various climate change scenarios in the Southern Ocean. This paper focuses on the spatiotemporal changes of marine commercial fish species surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5) and a low emissions scenario (RCP2.6) from 1970 to 2060 following three different Earth System Models (ESMs), namely, the GFDL-ESM 2G, IPSL-CM5A-MR and MPI-ESM-MR. Results reveal that: i) The general latitudinal gradient patterns in species richness shifts poleward associated with a global abundance decrease ii) The Spp. richness in Eastern Antarctic Peninsula (EAP) is higher than in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) at the same latitude (>65°S latitude). iii) The reasons are that the krill-dependent predators in WAP could face a higher risk of depletion than that in EAP due to ocean warming and anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugui Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266003, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyao Zheng
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Max Planck, Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan, Minato, Tokyo 1088477, Japan
| | - Jiansong Chu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao 266003, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuguang Hong
- First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources, Shandong, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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56
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Aykanat T, Rasmussen M, Ozerov M, Niemelä E, Paulin L, Vähä JP, Hindar K, Wennevik V, Pedersen T, Svenning MA, Primmer CR. Life-history genomic regions explain differences in Atlantic salmon marine diet specialization. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2677-2691. [PMID: 33460064 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Animals employ various foraging strategies along their ontogeny to acquire energy, and with varying degree of efficiencies, to support growth, maturation and subsequent reproduction events. Individuals that can efficiently acquire energy early are more likely to mature at an earlier age, as a result of faster energy gain which can fuel maturation and reproduction. We aimed to test the hypothesis that heritable resource acquisition variation that covaries with efficiency along the ontogeny would influence maturation timing of individuals. To test this hypothesis, we utilized Atlantic salmon as a model which exhibits a simple, hence trackable, genetic control of maturation age. We then monitored the variation in diet acquisition (quantified as stomach fullness and composition) of individuals with different ages, and linked it with genomic regions (haploblocks) that were previously identified to be associated with age-at-maturity. Consistent with the hypothesis, we demonstrated that one of the life-history genomic regions tested (six6) was indeed associated with age-dependent differences in stomach fullness. Prey composition was marginally linked to six6, and suggestively (but non-significantly) to vgll3 genomic regions. We further showed Atlantic salmon switched to the so-called 'feast and famine' strategy along the ontogeny, where older age groups exhibited heavier stomach content, but that came at the expense of running on empty more often. These results suggest genetic variation underlying resource utilization may explain the genetic basis of age structure in Atlantic salmon. Given that ontogenetic diet has a genetic component and the strong spatial diversity associated with these genomic regions, we predict populations with diverse maturation age will have diverse evolutionary responses to future changes in marine food web structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Rasmussen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mikhail Ozerov
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Niemelä
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Oulu, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Vähä
- Association for Water and Environment of Western Uusimaa, Lohja, Finland
| | - Kjetil Hindar
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Torstein Pedersen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Martin-A Svenning
- Arctic Ecology Department, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Tromsø, Norway
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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57
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Tarroux A, Cherel Y, Fauchald P, Kato A, Love OP, Ropert‐Coudert Y, Spreen G, Varpe Ø, Weimerskirch H, Yoccoz NG, Zahn S, Descamps S. Foraging tactics in dynamic sea‐ice habitats affect individual state in a long‐ranging seabird. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Tarroux
- Department of Arctic Ecology ‐ Tromsø Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Tromsø Norway
- Biodiversity Section Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway
| | - Yves Cherel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 du CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Per Fauchald
- Department of Arctic Ecology ‐ Tromsø Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Tromsø Norway
| | - Akiko Kato
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 du CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Oliver P. Love
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor Windsor ON Canada
| | - Yan Ropert‐Coudert
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 du CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Gunnar Spreen
- Biodiversity Section Norwegian Polar Institute Tromsø Norway
- Institute of Environmental Physics University of Bremen Bremen Germany
| | - Øystein Varpe
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Bergen & Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Bergen Norway
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC) UMR 7372 du CNRS‐La Rochelle Université Villiers‐en‐Bois France
| | - Nigel G. Yoccoz
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology University of Tromsø ‐ The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien Université de StrasbourgUMR7178 CNRS Strasbourg France
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58
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Queirós JP, Hill SL, Pinkerton M, Vacchi M, Coelho JP, Pereira E, Ramos JA, Seco J, Stevens DW, Xavier JC. High mercury levels in Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni from the Southwest Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109680. [PMID: 32460095 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is a bioaccumulating toxic pollutant which can reach humans through the consumption of contaminated food (e.g. marine fish). Although the Southern Ocean is often portrayed as a pristine ecosystem, its fishery products are not immune to mercury contamination. We analysed mercury concentration (organic and inorganic forms - T-Hg) in the muscle of Antarctic toothfish, Dissostichus mawsoni, a long-lived top predator which supports a highly profitable fishery. Our samples were collected in three fishing areas (one seamount and two on the continental slope) in the Southwest Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean during the 2016/2017 fishing season. Mercury levels and the size range of fish varied between fishing areas, with the highest levels (0.68 ± 0.45 mg kg-1 wwt) occurring on the Amundsen Sea seamount where catches were dominated by larger, older fish. The most parsimonious model of mercury concentration included both age and habitat (seamount vs continental slope) as explanatory variables. Mean mercury levels for each fishing area were higher than those in all previous studies of D. mawsoni, with mean values for the Amundsen Sea seamount exceeding the 0.5 mg kg-1 food safety threshold for the first time. It might therefore be appropriate to add D. mawsoni to the list of taxa, such as swordfish and sharks, which are known to exceed this threshold. This apparent increase in mercury levels suggests a recent contamination event which affected the Southwest Pacific sector, including both the Amundsen and Dumont D'Urville seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P Queirós
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Simeon L Hill
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matt Pinkerton
- NIWA - National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - Marino Vacchi
- ISMAR - Institute of Marine Science, CNR Genova, 16149, Genova, Italy
| | - João P Coelho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- Departamento de Quimica & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jaime A Ramos
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Seco
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal; School of Biology, University of St Andrews KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Darren W Stevens
- NIWA - National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Hataitai, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | - José C Xavier
- University of Coimbra, MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal; British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, CB3 0ET, Cambridge, UK
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59
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Nykänen M, Kaschner K, Dabin W, Brownlow A, Davison NJ, Deaville R, Garilao C, Kesner-Reyes K, Gilbert MTP, Penrose R, Islas-Villanueva V, Wales N, Ingram SN, Rogan E, Louis M, Foote AD. Postglacial Colonization of Northern Coastal Habitat by Bottlenose Dolphins: A Marine Leading-Edge Expansion? J Hered 2020; 110:662-674. [PMID: 31211393 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in the Earth's temperature and the subsequent retreating and advancing of ice-sheets around the polar regions are thought to have played an important role in shaping the distribution and genetic structuring of contemporary high-latitude populations. After the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), retreating of the ice-sheets would have enabled early colonizers to rapidly occupy suitable niches to the exclusion of other conspecifics, thereby reducing genetic diversity at the leading-edge. Bottlenose dolphins (genus Tursiops) form distinct coastal and pelagic ecotypes, with finer-scale genetic structuring observed within each ecotype. We reconstruct the postglacial colonization of the Northeast Atlantic (NEA) by bottlenose dolphins using habitat modeling and phylogenetics. The AquaMaps model hindcasted suitable habitat for the LGM in the Atlantic lower latitude waters and parts of the Mediterranean Sea. The time-calibrated phylogeny, constructed with 86 complete mitochondrial genomes including 30 generated for this study and created using a multispecies coalescent model, suggests that the expansion to the available coastal habitat in the NEA happened via founder events starting ~15 000 years ago (95% highest posterior density interval: 4 900-26 400). The founders of the 2 distinct coastal NEA populations comprised as few as 2 maternal lineages that originated from the pelagic population. The low effective population size and genetic diversity estimated for the shared ancestral coastal population subsequent to divergence from the pelagic source population are consistent with leading-edge expansion. These findings highlight the legacy of the Late Pleistocene glacial cycles on the genetic structuring and diversity of contemporary populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaja Nykänen
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kristin Kaschner
- Department of Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Willy Dabin
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé. UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Observatoire PELAGIS, UMS 3462 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, 5 allées de l'Océan, La Rochelle, France
| | - Andrew Brownlow
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, UK
| | - Nicholas J Davison
- Scottish Marine Animal Stranding Scheme, SRUC Veterinary Services, Drummondhill, Inverness, UK
| | - Rob Deaville
- UK Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme, The Wellcome Building, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, UK
| | | | | | - M Thomas P Gilbert
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rod Penrose
- Marine Environmental Monitoring, Penwalk, Llechryd, Cardigan, Ceredigion, Wales, UK
| | | | - Nathan Wales
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon N Ingram
- Marine Vertebrate Research Group, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK
| | - Emer Rogan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie Louis
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé. UMR 7372 CNRS-Université de La Rochelle, Villiers-en-Bois, France.,Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, St Andrews, UK
| | - Andrew D Foote
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland.,Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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60
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Flexibility of little auks foraging in various oceanographic features in a changing Arctic. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8283. [PMID: 32427941 PMCID: PMC7237489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using GPS-tracked individuals, we compared foraging ecology and reproductive output of a High-Arctic zooplanktivorous seabird, the little auk Alle alle, between three years differing in environmental conditions (sea surface temperature). Despite contrasting environmental conditions, average foraging fights distance and duration were generally similar in all studied years. Also, in all years foraging locations visited by the little auk parents during short trips (ST, for chick provisioning) were significantly closer to the colony compared to those visited during long trips (LTs, mainly for adults’ self-maintenance). Nevertheless, we also found some differences in the little auk foraging behaviour: duration of LTs was the longest in the coldest year suggesting more time for resting for adults compared to warmer years. Besides, birds foraged closer to the colony and in significantly colder water in the coldest year. Interestingly, these differences did not affect chick diet: in all the years, the energy content of food loads was similar, with the Arctic copepod, Calanus glacialis copepodite stage V being the most preferred prey item (>73% of items by number and >67% by energy content). Also chick survival was similar in all the study years. However, when examining chicks growth rate we found that their peak body mass was lower in warmer years suggesting that overall conditions in the two warm years were less favourable. While our results, demonstrate a great foraging flexibility by little auks, they also point out their vulnerability to changing environmental conditions.
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61
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Scanes E, Scanes PR, Ross PM. Climate change rapidly warms and acidifies Australian estuaries. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1803. [PMID: 32286277 PMCID: PMC7156424 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is impacting ecosystems worldwide. Estuaries are diverse and important aquatic ecosystems; and yet until now we have lacked information on the response of estuaries to climate change. Here we present data from a twelve-year monitoring program, involving 6200 observations of 166 estuaries along >1100 kilometres of the Australian coastline encompassing all estuary morphologies. Estuary temperatures increased by 2.16 °C on average over 12 years, at a rate of 0.2 °C year-1, with waters acidifying at a rate of 0.09 pH units and freshening at 0.086 PSU year-1. The response of estuaries to climate change is dependent on their morphology. Lagoons and rivers are warming and acidifying at the fastest rate because of shallow average depths and limited oceanic exchange. The changes measured are an order of magnitude faster than predicted by global ocean and atmospheric models, indicating that existing global models may not be useful to predict change in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Scanes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Peter R Scanes
- Estuaries and Catchments Science, New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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62
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Habitat compression and ecosystem shifts as potential links between marine heatwave and record whale entanglements. Nat Commun 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 31988285 PMCID: PMC6985238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change and increased variability and intensity of climate events, in combination with recovering protected species populations and highly capitalized fisheries, are posing new challenges for fisheries management. We examine socio-ecological features of the unprecedented 2014–2016 northeast Pacific marine heatwave to understand the potential causes for record numbers of whale entanglements in the central California Current crab fishery. We observed habitat compression of coastal upwelling, changes in availability of forage species (krill and anchovy), and shoreward distribution shift of foraging whales. We propose that these ecosystem changes, combined with recovering whale populations, contributed to the exacerbation of entanglements throughout the marine heatwave. In 2016, domoic acid contamination prompted an unprecedented delay in the opening of California’s Dungeness crab fishery that inadvertently intensified the spatial overlap between whales and crab fishery gear. We present a retroactive assessment of entanglements to demonstrate that cooperation of fishers, resource managers, and scientists could mitigate future entanglement risk by developing climate-ready fisheries approaches, while supporting thriving fishing communities. Climate-driven extreme events may have strong local impacts on marine organisms and fisheries. Here the authors report increased whale entanglements in the northeast Pacific following a marine heatwave, and propose compression of coastal upwelling habitat as the potential driver.
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Abdala‐Roberts L, Puentes A, Finke DL, Marquis RJ, Montserrat M, Poelman EH, Rasmann S, Sentis A, van Dam NM, Wimp G, Mooney K, Björkman C. Tri-trophic interactions: bridging species, communities and ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:2151-2167. [PMID: 31631502 PMCID: PMC6899832 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A vast body of research demonstrates that many ecological and evolutionary processes can only be understood from a tri-trophic viewpoint, that is, one that moves beyond the pairwise interactions of neighbouring trophic levels to consider the emergent features of interactions among multiple trophic levels. Despite its unifying potential, tri-trophic research has been fragmented, following two distinct paths. One has focused on the population biology and evolutionary ecology of simple food chains of interacting species. The other has focused on bottom-up and top-down controls over the distribution of biomass across trophic levels and other ecosystem-level variables. Here, we propose pathways to bridge these two long-standing perspectives. We argue that an expanded theory of tri-trophic interactions (TTIs) can unify our understanding of biological processes across scales and levels of organisation, ranging from species evolution and pairwise interactions to community structure and ecosystem function. To do so requires addressing how community structure and ecosystem function arise as emergent properties of component TTIs, and, in turn, how species traits and TTIs are shaped by the ecosystem processes and the abiotic environment in which they are embedded. We conclude that novel insights will come from applying tri-trophic theory systematically across all levels of biological organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología TropicalCampus de Ciencias Biológicas y AgropecuariasUniversidad Autónoma de YucatánKm. 15.5 Carretera Mérida‐XmatkuilMX‐97000MéridaYucatánMéxico
| | - Adriana Puentes
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
| | - Deborah L. Finke
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of Missouri1‐33 Agriculture BuildingUS‐65211ColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Robert J. Marquis
- Department of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology CenterUniversity of Missouri–St. Louis1 University BoulevardUS‐63121St. LouisMOUSA
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora” (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasE‐29750Algarrobo‐Costa (Málaga)Spain
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityP.O. Box 166700 AAWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of NeuchâtelRue Emile‐Argand 11CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Arnaud Sentis
- UMR RECOVERIRSTEAAix Marseille University3275 route Cézanne13182Aix‐en‐ProvenceFrance
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction EcologyFriedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena & German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv)Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigDeutscher Platz 5eDE‐04103LeipzigGermany
| | - Gina Wimp
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown University406 Reiss Science BuildingUS‐20057WashingtonDCUSA
| | - Kailen Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of California Irvine321 Steinhaus HallUS‐92697IrvineCAUSA
| | - Christer Björkman
- Department of EcologySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7044SE‐750 07UppsalaSweden
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64
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Pace A, Dipineto L, Fioretti A, Hochscheid S. Loggerhead sea turtles as sentinels in the western Mediterranean: antibiotic resistance and environment-related modifications of Gram-negative bacteria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110575. [PMID: 31550577 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles possess relevant characteristics to serve as sentinel species for monitoring the health of marine ecosystems, which is currently threatened. This study examined 35 loggerhead turtles from the western Mediterranean, focusing on the oral and cloacal prevalence of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, their antibiotic resistance and the influence of several variables linked both to the animal and the environment (i.e. estimated life stage; area, season and cause of recovery; plastic ingestion). Conventional bacteriology methods led to the isolation of bacterial families commonly regarded as opportunistic pathogens (i.e. Aeromonadaceae; Enterobacteriaceae; Pseudomonadaceae; Shewanellaceae; Vibrionaceae), but pointing out sea turtles as carriers of potential zoonotic agents. The high rates of antibiotic resistance, here detected, raise important concerns on the dissemination of this phenomenon in marine environments. Moreover, several of the examined variables showed a significant influence on the prevalence of bacterial families, strengthening the role of sea turtles as mirrors of their ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Pace
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; Marine Turtle Research Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Ludovico Dipineto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Fioretti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Sandra Hochscheid
- Marine Turtle Research Centre, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Nuova Macello 16, 80055 Portici, NA, Italy.
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65
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Morson JM, Grothues T, Able KW. Change in larval fish assemblage in a USA east coast estuary estimated from twenty-six years of fixed weekly sampling. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224157. [PMID: 31644558 PMCID: PMC6808558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change is leading to significant alterations to ecosystems all over the world and some of the resulting impacts on fish and fisheries are now becoming apparent. Estuaries, which are highly susceptible to climate change because they are relatively shallow and in close proximity to anthropogenic stressors, provide habitat to many fish species at a critical time in the life history, after transport and just prior to settlement in nurseries. Despite this, the long-term impacts of climate change on larval fish at this critical location/stage in the life history are not well documented. The larval fish assemblage of a coastal estuary was sampled once per week for twenty-six years at a fixed location in southern New Jersey, USA. We used ordination and regression analysis to evaluate the whole assemblage, individual species/family occurrence, and trends in total density and diversity over that time. The larval fish assemblage changed significantly in response to warming water temperatures. In addition, approximately one quarter of the species/families in the assemblage exhibited a statistically significant trend in individual occurrence over time. Of these, all five of the five northern-affiliated species decreased in occurrence while 18 of 21 southern-affiliated species increased in occurrence. Finally, total fish density and species diversity increased over the course of the study. The non-uniform response of the species/families in this larval assemblage is similar to what has been documented in other studies that evaluated the temporal trend of open ocean juvenile and adult fish assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Morson
- Haskin Shellfish Research Laboratory, Rutgers University, Port Norris, NJ, United States of America
| | - Thomas Grothues
- Marine Field Station, Rutgers University, Tuckerton, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Able
- Marine Field Station, Rutgers University, Tuckerton, NJ, United States of America
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66
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Patterns of at-sea behaviour at a hybrid zone between two threatened seabirds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14720. [PMID: 31604997 PMCID: PMC6789130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of behavioural variation and migratory connectivity are important characteristics of populations, particularly at the edges of species distributions, where processes involved in influencing evolutionary trajectories, such as divergence, mutual persistence, and natural hybridization, can occur. Here, we focused on two closely related seabird species that breed in the Mediterranean: Balearic shearwaters (Puffinus mauretanicus) and Yelkouan shearwaters (Puffinus yelkouan). Genetic and phenotypic evidence of hybridization between the two species on Menorca (the eastern and westernmost island in the breeding ranges of the two shearwaters, respectively) has provided important insights into relationships between these recently diverged species. Nevertheless, levels of behavioural and ecological differentiation amongst these populations remain largely unknown. Using geolocation and stable isotopes, we compared the at-sea movement behaviour of birds from the Menorcan ‘hybrid’ population with the nearest neighbouring populations of Balearic and Yelkouan shearwaters. The Menorcan population displayed a suite of behavioural features intermediate to those seen in the two species (including migration strategies, breeding season movements and limited data on phenology). Our findings provide new evidence to support suggestions that the Menorcan population is admixed, and indicate a role of non-breeding behaviours in the evolutionary trajectories of Puffinus shearwaters in the Mediterranean.
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67
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Tavares DC, Moura JF, Merico A, Siciliano S. Mortality of seabirds migrating across the tropical Atlantic in relation to oceanographic processes. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. C. Tavares
- Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
| | - J. F. Moura
- Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
| | - A. Merico
- Department of Theoretical Ecology and Modelling Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
- Department of Physics & Earth Science Jacobs University Bremen Germany
| | - S. Siciliano
- Laboratório de Enterobactérias Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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68
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Ma F, Liu Z, Huang J, Kang Y, Wang J. Evaluation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis of messenger RNAs and microRNAs in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under heat stress. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:540-554. [PMID: 30993691 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the expression stability of several messenger (m)RNAs and micro (mi)RNAs from liver and head kidney of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and miRNA-seq data. Additionally, four commonly used reference genes and one small non-coding RNA (u6) were also selected to identify ideal reference mRNAs and miRNAs for quantitative real-time (qrt)-PCR analysis of heat stress responses. GeNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and comparative ΔCt were employed for analysis of qrt-PCR data to systematically assess the expression stability of candidate mRNAs and miRNAs and stability was ranked using geometric means. β-actin and ef1-α were the most stably expressed reference mRNAs in liver and head kidney, respectively and ssa-mir-26a-5p and ssa-mir-462b-5p were the most stably expressed miRNAs in these tissues. This is the first identification of appropriate reference mRNAs and miRNAs for qrt-PCR analysis of O. mykiss under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinqiang Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yujun Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianfu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, No. 1 Yingmencun, Anning District, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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69
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Gianuca D, Votier SC, Pardo D, Wood AG, Sherley RB, Ireland L, Choquet R, Pradel R, Townley S, Forcada J, Tuck GN, Phillips RA. Sex-specific effects of fisheries and climate on the demography of sexually dimorphic seabirds. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1366-1378. [PMID: 31187479 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Many animal taxa exhibit sex-specific variation in ecological traits, such as foraging and distribution. These differences could result in sex-specific responses to change, but such demographic effects are poorly understood. Here, we test for sex-specific differences in the demography of northern (NGP, Macronectes halli) and southern (SGP, M. giganteus) giant petrels - strongly sexually size-dimorphic birds that breed sympatrically at South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean. Both species feed at sea or on carrion on land, but larger males (30% heavier) are more reliant on terrestrial foraging than the more pelagic females. Using multi-event mark-recapture models, we examine the impacts of long-term changes in environmental conditions and commercial fishing on annual adult survival and use two-sex matrix population models to forecast future trends. As expected, survival of male NGP was positively affected by carrion availability, but negatively affected by zonal winds. Female survival was positively affected by meridional winds and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and negatively affected by sea ice concentration and pelagic longline effort. Survival of SGPs did not differ between sexes; however, survival of males only was positively correlated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Two-sex population projections indicate that future environmental conditions are likely to benefit giant petrels. However, any potential increase in pelagic longline fisheries could reduce female survival and population growth. Our study reveals that sex-specific ecological differences can lead to divergent responses to environmental drivers (i.e. climate and fisheries). Moreover, because such effects may not be apparent when all individuals are considered together, ignoring sex differences could underestimate the relative influence of a changing environment on demography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimas Gianuca
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.,British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen C Votier
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Deborah Pardo
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew G Wood
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard B Sherley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Louise Ireland
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Remi Choquet
- CEFE, CNRS - Université Montpellier, Université P. Valéry - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Roger Pradel
- CEFE, CNRS - Université Montpellier, Université P. Valéry - EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Stuart Townley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Jaume Forcada
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
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70
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Biagi E, D'Amico F, Soverini M, Angelini V, Barone M, Turroni S, Rampelli S, Pari S, Brigidi P, Candela M. Faecal bacterial communities from Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:361-371. [PMID: 30047254 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) is the most widespread sea turtle species in the Mediterranean Sea and a relevant pollution 'flagship species'. Here, we profiled the faecal microbiota from 29 C. caretta from a rescue centre, and explored the impact of several variables linked to both the animal itself and the environment (i.e., tank water ecosystem). We show that loggerhead turtles share more gut microbiota features with carnivorous marine mammals, than with phylogenetically close, but herbivorous, turtles, as a confirmation of the gut microbiota adaptive function to diet and environment. We also highlight a relation between the microbiota composition and the size (and consequently the age) of the turtles. Finally, we point out that the gut microbiota of sea turtles shows unexpectedly low exchange of microbes with the aquatic environment and is resilient to the stress induced by short-time captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sauro Pari
- Fondazione Cetacea Onlus, Riccione, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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71
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Kubelka V, Šálek M, Tomkovich P, Végvári Z, Freckleton RP, Székely T. Global pattern of nest predation is disrupted by climate change in shorebirds. Science 2019; 362:680-683. [PMID: 30409881 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change is thought to disrupt trophic relationships, with consequences for complex interspecific interactions, yet the effects of climate change on species interactions are poorly understood, and such effects have not been documented at a global scale. Using a single database of 38,191 nests from 237 populations, we found that shorebirds have experienced a worldwide increase in nest predation over the past 70 years. Historically, there existed a latitudinal gradient in nest predation, with the highest rates in the tropics; however, this pattern has been recently reversed in the Northern Hemisphere, most notably in the Arctic. This increased nest predation is consistent with climate-induced shifts in predator-prey relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Kubelka
- Department of Ecology, Charles University in Prague, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Miroslav Šálek
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tomkovich
- Zoological Museum, Moscow MV Lomonosov State University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya Str 6, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Zsolt Végvári
- Department of Conservation Zoology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.,Hortobágy National Park Directorate, Sumen u. 2, H-4024 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. .,Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032, Debrecen, Hungary.,State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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72
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Derville S, Torres LG, Albertson R, Andrews O, Baker CS, Carzon P, Constantine R, Donoghue M, Dutheil C, Gannier A, Oremus M, Poole MM, Robbins J, Garrigue C. Whales in warming water: Assessing breeding habitat diversity and adaptability in Oceania's changing climate. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1466-1481. [PMID: 30609213 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of a changing climate, understanding the environmental drivers of marine megafauna distribution is important for conservation success. The extent of humpback whale breeding habitats and the impact of temperature variation on their availability are both unknown. We used 19 years of dedicated survey data from seven countries and territories of Oceania (1,376 survey days), to investigate humpback whale breeding habitat diversity and adaptability to climate change. At a fine scale (1 km resolution), seabed topography was identified as an important influence on humpback whale distribution. The shallowest waters close to shore or in lagoons were favored, although humpback whales also showed flexible habitat use patterns with respect to shallow offshore features such as seamounts. At a coarse scale (1° resolution), humpback whale breeding habitats in Oceania spanned a thermal range of 22.3-27.8°C in August, with interannual variation up to 2.0°C. Within this range, both fine and coarse scale analyses of humpback whale distribution suggested local responses to temperature. Notably, the most detailed dataset was available from New Caledonia (774 survey days, 1996-2017), where encounter rates showed a negative relationship to sea surface temperature, but were not related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation or the Antarctic Oscillation from previous summer, a proxy for feeding conditions that may impact breeding patterns. Many breeding sites that are currently occupied are predicted to become unsuitably warm for this species (>28°C) by the end of the 21st century. Based on modeled ecological relationships, there are suitable habitats for relocation in archipelagos and seamounts of southern Oceania. Although distribution shifts might be restrained by philopatry, the apparent plasticity of humpback whale habitat use patterns and the extent of suitable habitats support an adaptive capacity to ocean warming in Oceania breeding grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Derville
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, HMSC, Newport, Oregon
- Operation Cétacés, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Leigh G Torres
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, HMSC, Newport, Oregon
| | - Renee Albertson
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, HMSC, Newport, Oregon
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
| | - Olive Andrews
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- Conservation International (New Zealand & Pacific Islands), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C Scott Baker
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, HMSC, Newport, Oregon
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
| | - Pamela Carzon
- Groupe d'Etude des Mammifères Marins, Rangiroa, French Polynesia, France
| | - Rochelle Constantine
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Donoghue
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- Waiwhenua Consultants, Coromandel, New Zealand
- Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), Apia, Samoa
| | - Cyril Dutheil
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
- LOCEAN laboratory, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | | | - Marc Oremus
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- WWF-France, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
| | - Michael M Poole
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Moorea, French Polynesia, France
| | - Jooke Robbins
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
- Center for Coastal Studies, Provincetown, Massachusetts
| | - Claire Garrigue
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS), Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- Operation Cétacés, Nouméa, New Caledonia, France
- South Pacific Whale Research Consortium, Avarua, Cook Islands
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73
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Bembenek-Bailey SA, Niemuth JN, McClellan-Green PD, Godfrey MH, Harms CA, Gracz H, Stoskopf MK. NMR Metabolomic Analysis of Skeletal Muscle, Heart, and Liver of Hatchling Loggerhead Sea Turtles ( Caretta caretta) Experimentally Exposed to Crude Oil and/or Corexit. Metabolites 2019; 9:E21. [PMID: 30691098 PMCID: PMC6410094 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We used nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (NMR) to evaluate the metabolic impacts of crude oil, Corexit 5900A, a dispersant, and a crude oil Corexit 5900A mixture exposure on skeletal muscle, heart, and liver physiology of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Tissue samples were obtained from 22 seven-day-old hatchlings after a four day cutaneous exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of crude oil, Corexit 5900A, a combination of crude oil and Corexit 9500A, or a seawater control. We identified 38 metabolites in the aqueous extracts of the liver, and 30 metabolites in both the skeletal and heart muscle aqueous extracts, including organic acids/osmolytes, energy compounds, amino acids, ketone bodies, nucleosides, and nucleotides. Skeletal muscle lactate, creatines, and taurine concentrations were significantly lower in hatchlings exposed to crude oil than in control hatchlings. Lactate, taurine, and cholines appeared to be the basis of some variation in hatchling heart samples, and liver inosine, uracil, and uridine appeared to be influenced by Corexit and crude oil exposure. Observed decreases in concentrations of lactate and creatines may reflect energy depletion in skeletal muscle of oil-exposed animals, while decreased taurine concentrations in these animals may reflect higher oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia A Bembenek-Bailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Jennifer N Niemuth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Patricia D McClellan-Green
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Matthew H Godfrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Sea Turtle Project, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
| | - Craig A Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Hanna Gracz
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
| | - Michael K Stoskopf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA.
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
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74
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Han Z, Wang Z, Gao T, Yanagimoto T, Iida K. Assessing the Speciation of a Cold Water Species, Japanese Sand Lance Ammodytes personatus, in the Northwestern Pacific by AFLP Markers. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8120224. [PMID: 30487407 PMCID: PMC6316128 DOI: 10.3390/ani8120224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of molecular techniques in biodiversity research increasingly results in the recognition of multiple divergent mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages below the morphospecies level. However, the overlapping distribution of multiple divergent lineages raises the question of whether some of these lineages are in fact cryptic species. Assessing the status of these divergent lineages, delimiting evolutionarily significant units (ESUs), and identifying the dominant evolutionary and ecological drivers are critical components of successful wildlife conservation and management strategies. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were applied to characterize the phylogeography pattern of a cold water species, the Japanese sand lance Ammodytes personatus, in warm and cold ocean currents. A total of 211 individuals sampled from 12 populations through the species' range, including samples from Kuroshio Current, Oyashio Current, Tsushima Current, and Yellow Sea, were analyzed. The Bayesian assignment probability test and Neighbor joining (NJ) analysis divided these populations into two genetically and geographically distinct clades (northern and southern clades) characterized by different sea surface temperatures. The incongruence between nuclear clades and previous mitochondrial lineages suggested that A. personatus is indeed composed of at least two genetically divergent cryptic species. Pleistocene glaciation isolation after secondary contact, local thermal adaptation, and isolation by distance may explain the observed geographic pattern of two cryptic species and genetic structure within clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Han
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Fishery College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Takashi Yanagimoto
- National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan.
| | - Koji Iida
- Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan.
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75
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Abstract
Global warming is significantly altering arctic marine ecosystems. Specifically, the precipitous loss of sea ice is creating a dichotomy between ice-dependent polar bears and pinnipeds that are losing habitat and some cetaceans that are gaining habitat. While final outcomes are hard to predict for the many and varied marine mammal populations that rely on arctic habitats, we suggest a simplified framework to assess status, based upon ranking a population's size, range, behavior, and health. This basic approach is proposed as a means to prioritize and expedite conservation and management efforts in an era of rapid ecosystem alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue E. Moore
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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76
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Dammark KB, Ferchaud AL, Hansen MM, Sørensen JG. Heat tolerance and gene expression responses to heat stress in threespine sticklebacks from ecologically divergent environments. J Therm Biol 2018; 75:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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77
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McDonald KS, Hobday AJ, Fulton EA, Thompson PA. Interdisciplinary knowledge exchange across scales in a globally changing marine environment. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3039-3054. [PMID: 29656423 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of anthropogenic global environmental change on biotic and abiotic processes have been reported in aquatic systems across the world. Complex synergies between concurrent environmental stressors and the resilience of the system to regime shifts, which vary in space and time, determine the capacity for marine systems to maintain structure and function with global environmental change. Consequently, an interdisciplinary approach that facilitates the development of new methods for the exchange of knowledge between scientists across multiple scales is required to effectively understand, quantify and predict climate impacts on marine ecosystem services. We use a literature review to assess the limitations and assumptions of current pathways to exchange interdisciplinary knowledge and the transferability of research findings across spatial and temporal scales and levels of biological organization to advance scientific understanding of global environmental change in marine systems. We found that species-specific regional scale climate change research is most commonly published, and "supporting" is the ecosystem service most commonly referred to in publications. In addition, our paper outlines a trajectory for the future development of integrated climate change science for sustaining marine ecosystem services such as investment in interdisciplinary education and connectivity between disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alistair J Hobday
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | - Elizabeth A Fulton
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
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78
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Miloslavich P, Bax NJ, Simmons SE, Klein E, Appeltans W, Aburto-Oropeza O, Andersen Garcia M, Batten SD, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Checkley DM, Chiba S, Duffy JE, Dunn DC, Fischer A, Gunn J, Kudela R, Marsac F, Muller-Karger FE, Obura D, Shin YJ. Essential ocean variables for global sustained observations of biodiversity and ecosystem changes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:2416-2433. [PMID: 29623683 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustained observations of marine biodiversity and ecosystems focused on specific conservation and management problems are needed around the world to effectively mitigate or manage changes resulting from anthropogenic pressures. These observations, while complex and expensive, are required by the international scientific, governance and policy communities to provide baselines against which the effects of human pressures and climate change may be measured and reported, and resources allocated to implement solutions. To identify biological and ecological essential ocean variables (EOVs) for implementation within a global ocean observing system that is relevant for science, informs society, and technologically feasible, we used a driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) model. We (1) examined relevant international agreements to identify societal drivers and pressures on marine resources and ecosystems, (2) evaluated the temporal and spatial scales of variables measured by 100+ observing programs, and (3) analysed the impact and scalability of these variables and how they contribute to address societal and scientific issues. EOVs were related to the status of ecosystem components (phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and diversity, and abundance and distribution of fish, marine turtles, birds and mammals), and to the extent and health of ecosystems (cover and composition of hard coral, seagrass, mangrove and macroalgal canopy). Benthic invertebrate abundance and distribution and microbe diversity and biomass were identified as emerging EOVs to be developed based on emerging requirements and new technologies. The temporal scale at which any shifts in biological systems will be detected will vary across the EOVs, the properties being monitored and the length of the existing time-series. Global implementation to deliver useful products will require collaboration of the scientific and policy sectors and a significant commitment to improve human and infrastructure capacity across the globe, including the development of new, more automated observing technologies, and encouraging the application of international standards and best practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Miloslavich
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Bax
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | | | - Eduardo Klein
- Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, IOC Project Office for IODE, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Octavio Aburto-Oropeza
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Andersen Garcia
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of International Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sonia D Batten
- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Sanae Chiba
- UN Environment-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Research and Development Center for Global Change (RCGC), JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
| | - J Emmett Duffy
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Dunn
- Marine Geospatial Ecology Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Albert Fischer
- Intergovermental Oceanographic Commission IOC/UNESCO, Paris, France
| | - John Gunn
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Raphael Kudela
- Ocean Sciences Department, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Francis Marsac
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC 248, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Frank E Muller-Karger
- Institute for Marine Remote Sensing/IMaRS, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | | | - Yunne-Jai Shin
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR MARBEC 248, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ma-Re Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
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79
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Desprez M, Jenouvrier S, Barbraud C, Delord K, Weimerskirch H. Linking oceanographic conditions, migratory schedules and foraging behaviour during the non‐breeding season to reproductive performance in a long‐lived seabird. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Desprez
- Biology Department MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Stéphanie Jenouvrier
- Biology Department MS‐50 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Christophe Barbraud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Karine Delord
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
| | - Henri Weimerskirch
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé UMR 7372 CNRS/Université La Rochelle Villiers en Bois France
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80
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Mauck RA, Dearborn DC, Huntington CE. Annual global mean temperature explains reproductive success in a marine vertebrate from 1955 to 2010. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1599-1613. [PMID: 29140586 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The salient feature of anthropogenic climate change over the last century has been the rise in global mean temperature. However, global mean temperature is not used as an explanatory variable in studies of population-level response to climate change, perhaps because the signal-to-noise ratio of this gross measure makes its effect difficult to detect in any but the longest of datasets. Using a population of Leach's storm-petrels breeding in the Bay of Fundy, we tested whether local, regional, or global temperature measures are the best index of reproductive success in the face of climate change in species that travel widely between and within seasons. With a 56-year dataset, we found that annual global mean temperature (AGMT) was the single most important predictor of hatching success, more so than regional sea surface temperatures (breeding season or winter) and local air temperatures at the nesting colony. Storm-petrel reproductive success showed a quadratic response to rising temperatures, in that hatching success increased up to some critical temperature, and then declined when AGMT exceeded that temperature. The year at which AGMT began to consistently exceed that critical temperature was 1988. Importantly, in this population of known-age individuals, the impact of changing climate was greatest on inexperienced breeders: reproductive success of inexperienced birds increased more rapidly as temperatures rose and declined more rapidly after the tipping point than did reproductive success of experienced individuals. The generality of our finding that AGMT is the best predictor of reproductive success in this system may hinge on two things. First, an integrative global measure may be best for species in which individuals move across an enormous spatial range, especially within seasons. Second, the length of our dataset and our capacity to account for individual- and age-based variation in reproductive success increase our ability to detect a noisy signal.
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81
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Langbehn TJ, Varpe Ø. Sea-ice loss boosts visual search: fish foraging and changing pelagic interactions in polar oceans. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:5318-5330. [PMID: 28657128 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light is a central driver of biological processes and systems. Receding sea ice changes the lightscape of high-latitude oceans and more light will penetrate into the sea. This affects bottom-up control through primary productivity and top-down control through vision-based foraging. We model effects of sea-ice shading on visual search to develop a mechanistic understanding of how climate-driven sea-ice retreat affects predator-prey interactions. We adapt a prey encounter model for ice-covered waters, where prey-detection performance of planktivorous fish depends on the light cycle. We use hindcast sea-ice concentrations (past 35 years) and compare with a future no-ice scenario to project visual range along two south-north transects with different sea-ice distributions and seasonality, one through the Bering Sea and one through the Barents Sea. The transect approach captures the transition from sub-Arctic to Arctic ecosystems and allows for comparison of latitudinal differences between longitudes. We find that past sea-ice retreat has increased visual search at a rate of 2.7% to 4.2% per decade from the long-term mean; and for high latitudes, we predict a 16-fold increase in clearance rate. Top-down control is therefore predicted to intensify. Ecological and evolutionary consequences for polar marine communities and energy flows would follow, possibly also as tipping points and regime shifts. We expect species distributions to track the receding ice-edge, and in particular expect species with large migratory capacity to make foraging forays into high-latitude oceans. However, the extreme seasonality in photoperiod of high-latitude oceans may counteract such shifts and rather act as a zoogeographical filter limiting poleward range expansion. The provided mechanistic insights are relevant for pelagic ecosystems globally, including lakes where shifted distributions are seldom possible but where predator-prey consequences would be much related. As part of the discussion on photoperiodic implications for high-latitude range shifts, we provide a short review of studies linking physical drivers to latitudinal extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Langbehn
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - Øystein Varpe
- University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
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82
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Grecian WJ, Witt MJ, Attrill MJ, Bearhop S, Becker PH, Egevang C, Furness RW, Godley BJ, González-Solís J, Grémillet D, Kopp M, Lescroël A, Matthiopoulos J, Patrick SC, Peter HU, Phillips RA, Stenhouse IJ, Votier SC. Seabird diversity hotspot linked to ocean productivity in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0024. [PMID: 27531154 PMCID: PMC5014014 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Upwelling regions are highly productive habitats targeted by wide-ranging marine predators and industrial fisheries. In this study, we track the migratory movements of eight seabird species from across the Atlantic; quantify overlap with the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) and determine the habitat characteristics that drive this association. Our results indicate the CCLME is a biodiversity hotspot for migratory seabirds; all tracked species and more than 70% of individuals used this upwelling region. Relative species richness peaked in areas where sea surface temperature averaged between 15 and 20°C, and correlated positively with chlorophyll a, revealing the optimum conditions driving bottom-up trophic effects for seabirds. Marine vertebrates are not confined by international boundaries, making conservation challenging. However, by linking diversity to ocean productivity, our research reveals the significance of the CCLME for seabird populations from across the Atlantic, making it a priority for conservation action.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Grecian
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew J Witt
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Martin J Attrill
- Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Peter H Becker
- Institut für Vogelforschung 'Vogelwarte Helgoland', An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven 26386, Germany
| | - Carsten Egevang
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kvioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Robert W Furness
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Brendan J Godley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - David Grémillet
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Cedex 05, Montpellier, France DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Amélie Lescroël
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS-Université de Montpellier-Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier-EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Cedex 05, Montpellier, France
| | - Jason Matthiopoulos
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Samantha C Patrick
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK
| | - Hans-Ulrich Peter
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard A Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
| | - Iain J Stenhouse
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | - Stephen C Votier
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK
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83
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Abstract
In this Quick Guide, Votier and Sherley explain how diverse seabirds play important roles in ecosystem functioning, global nutrient cycling and climate regulation, but are declining in the face of multiple threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Votier
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Richard B Sherley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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84
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Bembenek Bailey SA, Niemuth JN, McClellan-Green PD, Godfrey MH, Harms CA, Stoskopf MK. 1H-NMR metabolomic study of whole blood from hatchling loggerhead sea turtles ( Caretta caretta) exposed to crude oil and/or Corexit. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:171433. [PMID: 29291126 PMCID: PMC5717701 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We used proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) to evaluate metabolic impacts of environmentally relevant crude oil and Corexit exposures on the physiology of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Sample extraction and data acquisition methods for very small volume whole blood samples and sources of variation between individual hatchlings were assessed. Sixteen unclotted, whole blood samples were obtained from 7-day-old hatchlings after a 4-day cutaneous exposure to either control seawater, crude oil, Corexit 9500A or a combination of crude oil and Corexit 9500A. After extraction, one- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectra of the samples were obtained, and 17 metabolites were identified and confirmed in the whole blood spectra. Variation among samples due to the concentrations of metabolites 3-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, trimethylamine oxide and propylene glycol did not statistically correlate with treatment group. However, the characterization of the hatchling loggerhead whole blood metabolome provides a foundation for future metabolomic research with sea turtles and a basis for the study of tissues from exposed hatchling sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stasia A. Bembenek Bailey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jennifer N. Niemuth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Patricia D. McClellan-Green
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Matthew H. Godfrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Sea Turtle Project, North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, 1507 Ann Street, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Craig A. Harms
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Michael K. Stoskopf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Environmental Medicine Consortium, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, 3120 Jordan Hall, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Center for Marine Sciences and Technology, North Carolina State University, 303 College Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
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85
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Integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome analyses reveal regulation of thermal acclimation in Gymnocypris przewalskii: A case study in Tibetan Schizothoracine fish. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186433. [PMID: 29045433 PMCID: PMC5646821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental acclimation is important episode in wildlife occupation of the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau (TP). Transcriptome-wide studies on thermal acclimation mechanism in fish species are rarely revealed in Tibetan Plateau fish at high altitude. Thus, we used mRNA and miRNA transcriptome sequencing to investigate regulation of thermal acclimation in larval Tibetan naked carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii. We first remodeled the regulation network of mRNA and miRNA in thermal acclimation, and then identified differential expression of miRNAs and target mRNAs enriched in metabolic and digestive pathways. Interestingly, we identified two candidate genes contributed to normal skeletal development. The altered expression of these gene groups could potentially be associated with the developmental issues of deformity and induced larval death. Our results have three important implications: first, these findings provide strong evidences to support our hypothesis that G. przewalskii possess ability to build heat-tolerance against the controversial issue. Second, this study shows that transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations are extensively involved in thermal acclimation. Third, the integrated mRNA and microRNA transcriptome analyses provide a large number of valuable genetic resources for future studies on environmental stress response in G. przewalskii and as a case study in Tibetan Schizothoracine fish.
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86
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Alava JJ, Cheung WWL, Ross PS, Sumaila UR. Climate change-contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:3984-4001. [PMID: 28212462 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is reshaping the way in which contaminants move through the global environment, in large part by changing the chemistry of the oceans and affecting the physiology, health, and feeding ecology of marine biota. Climate change-associated impacts on structure and function of marine food webs, with consequent changes in contaminant transport, fate, and effects, are likely to have significant repercussions to those human populations that rely on fisheries resources for food, recreation, or culture. Published studies on climate change-contaminant interactions with a focus on food web bioaccumulation were systematically reviewed to explore how climate change and ocean acidification may impact contaminant levels in marine food webs. We propose here a conceptual framework to illustrate the impacts of climate change on contaminant accumulation in marine food webs, as well as the downstream consequences for ecosystem goods and services. The potential impacts on social and economic security for coastal communities that depend on fisheries for food are discussed. Climate change-contaminant interactions may alter the bioaccumulation of two priority contaminant classes: the fat-soluble persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as the protein-binding methylmercury (MeHg). These interactions include phenomena deemed to be either climate change dominant (i.e., climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure) or contaminant dominant (i.e., contamination leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility). We illustrate the pathways of climate change-contaminant interactions using case studies in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The important role of ecological and food web modeling to inform decision-making in managing ecological and human health risks of chemical pollutants contamination under climate change is also highlighted. Finally, we identify the need to develop integrated policies that manage the ecological and socioeconomic risk of greenhouse gases and marine pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Alava
- Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William W L Cheung
- Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter S Ross
- Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - U Rashid Sumaila
- Global Fisheries Cluster, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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87
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Turner RE, Rabalais NN, Justić D. Trends in summer bottom-water temperatures on the northern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf from 1985 to 2015. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184350. [PMID: 28880893 PMCID: PMC5589215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We quantified trends in the 1985 to 2015 summer bottom-water temperature on the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) continental shelf for data collected at 88 stations with depths ranging from 3 to 63 m. The analysis was supplemented with monthly data collected from 1963 to 1965 in the same area. The seasonal summer peak in average bottom-water temperature varied concurrently with air temperature, but with a 2- to 5-month lag. The summer bottom-water temperature declined gradually with depth from 30 oC at stations closest to the shore, to 20 oC at the offshore edge of the study area, and increased an average 0.051 oC y-1 between1963 and 2015. The bottom-water warming in summer for all stations was 1.9 times faster compared to the rise in local summer air temperatures, and 6.4 times faster than the concurrent increase in annual global ocean sea surface temperatures. The annual rise in average summer bottom-water temperatures on the subtropical nGOM continental shelf is comparable to the few published temperature trend estimates from colder environments. These recent changes in the heat storage on the nGOM continental shelf will affect oxygen and carbon cycling, spatial distribution of fish and shrimp, and overall species diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Eugene Turner
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Nancy N. Rabalais
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
- Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, Chauvin, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Dubravko Justić
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
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88
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Tompkins EM, Townsend HM, Anderson DJ. Decadal-scale variation in diet forecasts persistently poor breeding under ocean warming in a tropical seabird. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182545. [PMID: 28832597 PMCID: PMC5568137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change effects on population dynamics of natural populations are well documented at higher latitudes, where relatively rapid warming illuminates cause-effect relationships, but not in the tropics and especially the marine tropics, where warming has been slow. Here we forecast the indirect effect of ocean warming on a top predator, Nazca boobies in the equatorial Galápagos Islands, where rising water temperature is expected to exceed the upper thermal tolerance of a key prey item in the future, severely reducing its availability within the boobies' foraging envelope. From 1983 to 1997 boobies ate mostly sardines, a densely aggregated, highly nutritious food. From 1997 until the present, flying fish, a lower quality food, replaced sardines. Breeding success under the poor diet fell dramatically, causing the population growth rate to fall below 1, indicating a shrinking population. Population growth may not recover: rapid future warming is predicted around Galápagos, usually exceeding the upper lethal temperature and maximum spawning temperature of sardines within 100 years, displacing them permanently from the boobies' island-constrained foraging range. This provides rare evidence of the effect of ocean warming on a tropical marine vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Tompkins
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Howard M Townsend
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
- NOAA/NMFS/HC/Chesapeake Bay Office, Cooperative Oxford Lab, Oxford, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David J Anderson
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
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89
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Bouaziz M, Bejaoui S, Rabeh I, Besbes R, El Cafsi M, Falcon J. Impact of temperature on sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax , retina: Fatty acid composition, expression of rhodopsin and enzymes of lipid and melatonin metabolism. Exp Eye Res 2017; 159:87-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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90
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Op de Beeck L, Verheyen J, Olsen K, Stoks R. Negative effects of pesticides under global warming can be counteracted by a higher degradation rate and thermal adaptation. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Op de Beeck
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Julie Verheyen
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Kent Olsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus; Wilhelm Meyers Allé 210 DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Robby Stoks
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; University of Leuven; Charles Deberiotstraat 32 B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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91
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Fogarty HE, Burrows MT, Pecl GT, Robinson LM, Poloczanska ES. Are fish outside their usual ranges early indicators of climate-driven range shifts? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2047-2057. [PMID: 28122146 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shifts in species ranges are a global phenomenon, well known to occur in response to a changing climate. New species arriving in an area may become pest species, modify ecosystem structure, or represent challenges or opportunities for fisheries and recreation. Early detection of range shifts and prompt implementation of any appropriate management strategies is therefore crucial. This study investigates whether 'first sightings' of marine species outside their normal ranges could provide an early warning of impending climate-driven range shifts. We examine the relationships between first sightings and marine regions defined by patterns of local climate velocities (calculated on a 50-year timescale), while also considering the distribution of observational effort (i.e. number of sampling days recorded with biological observations in global databases). The marine trajectory regions include climate 'source' regions (areas lacking connections to warmer areas), 'corridor' regions (areas where moving isotherms converge), and 'sink' regions (areas where isotherms locally disappear). Additionally, we investigate the latitudinal band in which first sightings were recorded, and species' thermal affiliations. We found that first sightings are more likely to occur in climate sink and 'divergent' regions (areas where many rapid and diverging climate trajectories pass through) indicating a role of temperature in driving changes in marine species distributions. The majority of our fish first sightings appear to be tropical and subtropical species moving towards high latitudes, as would be expected in climate warming. Our results indicate that first sightings are likely related to longer-term climatic processes, and therefore have potential use to indicate likely climate-driven range shifts. The development of an approach to detect impending range shifts at an early stage will allow resource managers and researchers to better manage opportunities resulting from range-shifting species before they potentially colonize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Fogarty
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | | | - Gretta T Pecl
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, Private Bag 49, Hobart, TAS, 7001, Australia
- Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Elvira S Poloczanska
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
- The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
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92
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Arctic systems in the Quaternary: ecological collision, faunal mosaics and the consequences of a wobbling climate. J Helminthol 2017; 91:409-421. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AbstractClimate oscillations and episodic processes interact with evolution, ecology and biogeography to determine the structure and complex mosaic that is the biosphere. Parasites and parasite–host assemblages are key components in a general explanatory paradigm for global biodiversity. We explore faunal assembly in the context of Quaternary time frames of the past 2.6 million years, a period dominated by episodic shifts in climate. Climate drivers cross a continuum from geological to contemporary timescales and serve to determine the structure and distribution of complex biotas. Cycles within cycles are apparent, with drivers that are layered, multifactorial and complex. These cycles influence the dynamics and duration of shifts in environmental structure on varying temporal and spatial scales. An understanding of the dynamics of high-latitude systems, the history of the Beringian nexus (the intermittent land connection linking Eurasia and North America) and downstream patterns of diversity depend on teasing apart the complexity of biotic assembly and persistence. Although climate oscillations have dominated the Quaternary, contemporary dynamics are driven by tipping points and shifting balances emerging from anthropogenic forces that are disrupting ecological structure. Climate change driven by anthropogenic forcing has supplanted a history of episodic variation and is eliminating ecological barriers and constraints on development and distribution for pathogen transmission. A framework to explore interactions of episodic processes on faunal structure and assembly is the Stockholm Paradigm, which appropriately shifts the focus from cospeciation to complexity and contingency in explanations of diversity.
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93
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Groom RA, Griffiths AD, Chaloupka M. Estimating long-term trends in abundance and survival for nesting flatback turtles in Kakadu National Park, Australia. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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94
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Sherley RB, Ludynia K, Dyer BM, Lamont T, Makhado AB, Roux JP, Scales KL, Underhill LG, Votier SC. Metapopulation Tracking Juvenile Penguins Reveals an Ecosystem-wide Ecological Trap. Curr Biol 2017; 27:563-568. [PMID: 28190725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Climate change and fisheries are transforming the oceans, but we lack a complete understanding of their ecological impact [1-3]. Environmental degradation can cause maladaptive habitat selection, inducing ecological traps with profound consequences for biodiversity [4-6]. However, whether ecological traps operate in marine systems is unclear [7]. Large marine vertebrates may be vulnerable to ecological traps [6], but their broad-scale movements and complex life histories obscure the population-level consequences of habitat selection [8, 9]. We satellite tracked postnatal dispersal in African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) from eight sites across their breeding range to test whether they have become ecologically trapped in the degraded Benguela ecosystem. Bayesian state-space and habitat models show that penguins traversed thousands of square kilometers to areas of low sea surface temperatures (14.5°C-17.5°C) and high chlorophyll-a (∼11 mg m-3). These were once reliable cues for prey-rich waters, but climate change and industrial fishing have depleted forage fish stocks in this system [10, 11]. Juvenile penguin survival is low in populations selecting degraded areas, and Bayesian projection models suggest that breeding numbers are ∼50% lower than if non-impacted habitats were used, revealing the extent and effect of a marine ecological trap for the first time. These cascading impacts of localized forage fish depletion-unobserved in studies on adults-were only elucidated via broad-scale movement and demographic data on juveniles. Our results support suspending fishing when prey biomass drops below critical thresholds [12, 13] and suggest that mitigation of marine ecological traps will require matching conservation action to the scale of ecological processes [14].
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Sherley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK; Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol Zoo Gardens, Bristol BS8 3HA, UK; Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.
| | - Katrin Ludynia
- Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Bruce M Dyer
- Oceans and Coasts Branch, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Tarron Lamont
- Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Oceans and Coasts Branch, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Azwianewi B Makhado
- Oceans and Coasts Branch, Department of Environmental Affairs, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Jean-Paul Roux
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, PO Box 394, Lüderitz, Namibia
| | - Kylie L Scales
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 255A, Monterey, CA 93940, USA; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Les G Underhill
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Stephen C Votier
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK.
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95
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Tavares DC, Fulgencio de Moura J, Siciliano S. Environmental Predictors of Seabird Wrecks in a Tropical Coastal Area. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168717. [PMID: 27992578 PMCID: PMC5161483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beached bird surveys have been widely used to monitor the impact of oil pollution in the oceans. However, separating the combined effects of oil pollution, environmental variables and methodological aspects of beach monitoring on seabird stranding patterns is a challenging task. The effects of a comprehensive set of oceanographic and climatic variables and oil pollution on seabird strandings in a tropical area of Brazil were investigated herein, using two robust and innovative methods: Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Structural Equation Modeling. We assessed strandings of four resident seabird species along 480 km of beaches divided into 11 sampling areas, between November 2010 and September 2013. We found that increasing the distance from the nearest breeding island reduce the seabird stranding events. Storm activity and biological productivity were the most important factors affecting the stranding events of brown boobies Sula leucogaster, Cabot’s terns Thalasseus acuflavidus and kelp gulls Larus dominicanus. These species are also indirectly affected by warm tropical waters, which reduce chlorophyll-a concentrations. Beach surveys are, thus, useful to investigate the mortality rates of resident species near breeding sites, where individuals are more abundant and exposed to local factors associated with at-sea mortality. In contrast, conservation actions and monitoring programs for far-ranging seabird species are needed in more distant foraging areas. Furthermore, beach monitoring programs investigating the impact of oil pollution on seabirds need to account for the effects of environmental factors on stranding patterns. The present study also demonstrated that seabirds inhabiting tropical coastal waters are sensitive to climate conditions such as adverse weather, which are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in next decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi Castro Tavares
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
- * E-mail:
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96
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Meier RE, Votier SC, Wynn RB, Guilford T, McMinn Grivé M, Rodríguez A, Newton J, Maurice L, Chouvelon T, Dessier A, Trueman CN. Tracking, feather moult and stable isotopes reveal foraging behaviour of a critically endangered seabird during the non-breeding season. DIVERS DISTRIB 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen C. Votier
- Environment and Sustainability Institute; University of Exeter; Penryn Campus Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE UK
| | - Russell B. Wynn
- National Oceanography Centre; European Way Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
| | - Tim Guilford
- Animal Behaviour Research Group; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; The Tinbergen Building South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Miguel McMinn Grivé
- Biogeografia, geodinàmica i sedimentació de la Mediterrània occidental (BIOGEOMED); Universitat de les Illes Balears; Cra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5 07122 Palma, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Balearic Shearwater Conservation Association; Puig del Teide 4 - 315 Palmanova 07181, Illes Balears Spain
| | - Jason Newton
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre; Scottish Enterprise Technology Park East Kilbride G75 0QF UK
| | - Louise Maurice
- British Geological Survey; Benson Lane Crowmarsh Gifford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266; CNRS-Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01 France
- IFREMER Unité Biogéochimie et Écotoxicologie (BE); Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques (LBCM); Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu 44311 Nantes 03 France
| | - Aurélie Dessier
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs); UMR 7266; CNRS-Université de La Rochelle; 2 rue Olympe de Gouges 17042 La Rochelle Cedex 01 France
| | - Clive N. Trueman
- Ocean and Earth Science; University of Southampton Waterfront Campus; European Way; Southampton SO14 3ZH UK
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97
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Carter MID, Bennett KA, Embling CB, Hosegood PJ, Russell DJF. Navigating uncertain waters: a critical review of inferring foraging behaviour from location and dive data in pinnipeds. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27800161 PMCID: PMC5080796 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-016-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, the emergence and progression of biologging technology has led to great advances in marine predator ecology. Large databases of location and dive observations from biologging devices have been compiled for an increasing number of diving predator species (such as pinnipeds, sea turtles, seabirds and cetaceans), enabling complex questions about animal activity budgets and habitat use to be addressed. Central to answering these questions is our ability to correctly identify and quantify the frequency of essential behaviours, such as foraging. Despite technological advances that have increased the quality and resolution of location and dive data, accurately interpreting behaviour from such data remains a challenge, and analytical methods are only beginning to unlock the full potential of existing datasets. This review evaluates both traditional and emerging methods and presents a starting platform of options for future studies of marine predator foraging ecology, particularly from location and two-dimensional (time-depth) dive data. We outline the different devices and data types available, discuss the limitations and advantages of commonly-used analytical techniques, and highlight key areas for future research. We focus our review on pinnipeds - one of the most studied taxa of marine predators - but offer insights that will be applicable to other air-breathing marine predator tracking studies. We highlight that traditionally-used methods for inferring foraging from location and dive data, such as first-passage time and dive shape analysis, have important caveats and limitations depending on the nature of the data and the research question. We suggest that more holistic statistical techniques, such as state-space models, which can synthesise multiple track, dive and environmental metrics whilst simultaneously accounting for measurement error, offer more robust alternatives. Finally, we identify a need for more research to elucidate the role of physical oceanography, device effects, study animal selection, and developmental stages in predator behaviour and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Ian Daniel Carter
- Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Kimberley A. Bennett
- School of Science, Engineering & Technology, Abertay University, DD1 1HG Dundee, UK
| | - Clare B. Embling
- Marine Biology & Ecology Research Centre, School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Philip J. Hosegood
- Centre for Coast and Ocean Science & Engineering, School of Marine Science & Engineering, Plymouth University, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Debbie J. F. Russell
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St. Andrews, KY16 8LB St. Andrews, UK
- Centre for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9LZ St. Andrews, UK
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