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Two Draft Genome Sequences of a New Serovar of Salmonella enterica, Serovar Lubbock. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/2/e00215-15. [PMID: 25883279 PMCID: PMC4400422 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00215-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is principally a foodborne pathogen that shows considerable serovar diversity. In this report, we present two draft genome sequences of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Lubbock, a novel serovar.
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Li M, Malladi S, Hurd HS, Goldsmith TJ, Brichta-Harhay DM, Loneragan GH. Salmonella spp. in lymph nodes of fed and cull cattle: Relative assessment of risk to ground beef. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Vipham JL, Loneragan GH, Guillen LM, Brooks JC, Johnson BJ, Pond A, Pond N, Brashears MM. Reduced Burden ofSalmonella entericain Bovine Subiliac Lymph Nodes Associated with Administration of a Direct-fed Microbial. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 62:599-608. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Vipham
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - G. H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - L. M. Guillen
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - J. C. Brooks
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - B. J. Johnson
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - A. Pond
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - N. Pond
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
| | - M. M. Brashears
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech University; College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources; Lubbock TX USA
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Taylor NS, Merrifield R, Williams TD, Chipman JK, Lead JR, Viant MR. Molecular toxicity of cerium oxide nanoparticles to the freshwater alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is associated with supra-environmental exposure concentrations. Nanotoxicology 2015; 10:32-41. [PMID: 25740379 PMCID: PMC4819577 DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.1002868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ceria nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used as fuel catalysts and consequently are likely to enter the environment. Their potential impacts on. biota at environmentally relevant concentrations, including uptake and toxicity, remain to be elucidated and quantitative data on which to assess risk are sparse. Therefore, a definitive assessment of the molecular and phenotypic effects of ceria NPs was undertaken, using well-characterised mono-dispersed NPs as their toxicity is likely to be higher, enabling a conservative hazard assessment. Unbiased transcriptomics and metabolomics approaches were used to investigate the potential toxicity of tightly constrained 4–5 nm ceria NPs to the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a sentinel freshwater species. A wide range of exposure concentrations were investigated from predicted environmental levels, to support hazard assessment, to supra-environmental levels to provide insight into molecular toxicity pathways. Ceria NPs were internalised into intracellular vesicles within C. reinhardtii, yet caused no significant effect on algal growth at any exposure concentration. Molecular perturbations were only detected at supra-environmental ceria NP-concentrations, primarily down-regulation of photosynthesis and carbon fixation with associated effects on energy metabolism. For acute exposures to small mono-dispersed particles, it can be concluded there should be little concern regarding their dispersal into the environment for this trophic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine S Taylor
- a School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Ruth Merrifield
- b SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, The Arnold School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA , and.,c School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Tim D Williams
- a School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - J Kevin Chipman
- a School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Jamie R Lead
- b SmartState Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, The Arnold School of Public Health, Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA , and.,c School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
| | - Mark R Viant
- a School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , UK
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Prevalence and detection of antibiotic-resistant determinant in Salmonella isolated from food-producing animals. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:37-43. [PMID: 25348646 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. infections are considered as the most common food-borne disease globally. The contamination of food products with Salmonella has given rise to severe health and economic challenges. This study assessed the prevalence of Salmonella in the faeces of cows and goats in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, their antibiotic resistance patterns as well as antibiotic-resistant gene determinant. Antibiotic disc was used for antibiogram profiles while polymerase chain reaction was employed for the detection of antibiotic-resistant genes. A total of 150 Salmonella were isolated from the faecal samples. Eighty two (55%) isolates were recovered from cow faeces while 68 (45%) were isolated from goat faeces. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) while 95% were sensitive to ofloxacin. Also, a high sensitivity of 93 and 89% was observed against nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, respectively. Salmonella isolates demonstrated moderate sensitivity against cephalothin (70%), chloramphenicol (75%) and minocycline (68%) while 49% were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. The prevalence of the antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella isolates were detected as follows: integron conserved segment 28% (42/150), bla TEM gene 19.3% (29/150), blapse₁ 7.3% (11/150) and blaampC 4.7% (7/150). The results obtained in the study imply that cow and goat faeces could be potential reservoirs of Salmonella and could possibly cause infections as a result of contamination of food products. There is a need for a surveillance system to track resistance patterns of Salmonella circulating in South Africa.
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Yue M, Schifferli DM. Allelic variation in Salmonella: an underappreciated driver of adaptation and virulence. Front Microbiol 2014; 4:419. [PMID: 24454310 PMCID: PMC3882659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica causes substantial morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Infection and intestinal colonization by S. enterica require virulence factors that mediate bacterial binding and invasion of enterocytes and innate immune cells. Some S. enterica colonization factors and their alleles are host restricted, suggesting a potential role in regulation of host specificity. Recent data also suggest that colonization factors promote horizontal gene transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes by increasing the local density of Salmonella in colonized intestines. Although a profusion of genes are involved in Salmonella pathogenesis, the relative importance of their allelic variation has only been studied intensely in the type 1 fimbrial adhesin FimH. Although other Salmonella virulence factors demonstrate allelic variation, their association with specific metadata (e.g., host species, disease or carrier state, time and geographic place of isolation, antibiotic resistance profile, etc.) remains to be interrogated. To date, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in bacteriology have been limited by the paucity of relevant metadata. In addition, due to the many variables amid metadata categories, a very large number of strains must be assessed to attain statistically significant results. However, targeted approaches in which genes of interest (e.g., virulence factors) are specifically sequenced alleviates the time-consuming and costly statistical GWAS analysis and increases statistical power, as larger numbers of strains can be screened for non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with available metadata. Congruence of specific allelic variants with specific metadata from strains that have a relevant clinical and epidemiological history will help to prioritize functional wet-lab and animal studies aimed at determining cause-effect relationships. Such an approach should be applicable to other pathogens that are being collected in well-curated repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yue
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dieter M Schifferli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
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