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Barrutia JM, Echebarria C. Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on public managers' attitudes toward digital transformation. TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY 2021; 67:101776. [PMID: 34642513 PMCID: PMC8496943 DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced a process of digital acceleration and has likely changed the attitudes of local public managers toward information and communication technology (ICT). While this attitude change has been reasonably argued, it has not been systematically measured. This study narrows this gap by measuring the attitudes of public managers before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, this study finds that the pandemic has led public managers to be more confident in the capacity of ICT to help cities achieve their economic, social, and environmental goals and respond to challenges. Both explicit and implicit measures confirmed attitude changes. The explicit measures also indicated that the change in public managers' attitude toward ICT was similar to their change in attitude toward scientific progress and greater than their change in attitude toward other issues that have played a major role during the pandemic, namely, climate change, citizen participation, and privacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Barrutia
- Institute of Applied Bussiness Economics, University of the Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carmen Echebarria
- Institute of Applied Bussiness Economics, University of the Basque Country, Spain
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Spatola N, Marchesi S, Wykowska A. The Intentional Stance Test-2: How to Measure the Tendency to Adopt Intentional Stance Towards Robots. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:666586. [PMID: 34692776 PMCID: PMC8529049 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.666586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In human-robot interactions, people tend to attribute to robots mental states such as intentions or desires, in order to make sense of their behaviour. This cognitive strategy is termed "intentional stance". Adopting the intentional stance influences how one will consider, engage and behave towards robots. However, people differ in their likelihood to adopt intentional stance towards robots. Therefore, it seems crucial to assess these interindividual differences. In two studies we developed and validated the structure of a task aiming at evaluating to what extent people adopt intentional stance towards robot actions, the Intentional Stance task (IST). The Intentional Stance Task consists in a task that probes participants' stance by requiring them to choose the plausibility of a description (mentalistic vs. mechanistic) of behaviour of a robot depicted in a scenario composed of three photographs. Results showed a reliable psychometric structure of the IST. This paper therefore concludes with the proposal of using the IST as a proxy for assessing the degree of adoption of the intentional stance towards robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Spatola
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Marchesi
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Wykowska
- Social Cognition in Human-Robot Interaction Laboratory, Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
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53
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Shchebetenko S, Mishkevich AM. Can exposure to arguments pro and contra extraversion affect self-reports of the trait and the attitude toward it? J Pers 2021; 90:513-526. [PMID: 34655475 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Changeability of personality over short-term intervals has increasingly become a focus of research. However, the role played by argumentation interventions in short-term variations has scarcely been examined. METHODS In two experiments (N = 363 and 320), we investigated how processing positive and negative argumentation regarding extraversion (Study 1: watching a lecture; Study 2: elaborating self-invented arguments) affects self-reports on this trait and attitude toward it. The experiments included three waves of measurements with argument manipulation (in favor of or against extraversion) immediately prior to Time 2 (Study 2 also included a control group). RESULTS Mean-level changes in extraversion across time moments, measured with the longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis, were consistently negligible. Conversely, there were some indications that argumentation about extraversion could have immediate short-term effects on attitudes toward this trait. The random-intercept cross-lagged model showed that rank-order consistency stemmed from a trait-like intercept, which was particularly large for trait extraversion compared with the attitude. The autoregressive and cross-lagged effects of residual within-person variation were consistently small and mostly nonsignificant. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that extraversion and the attitude toward it maintained their temporal continuity within 3 months, even under a single exposure to arguments pro and contra this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arina M Mishkevich
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Perm State University, Perm, Russia
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54
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Chiu YT, Zhu YQ, Corbett J. In the hearts and minds of employees: A model of pre-adoptive appraisal toward artificial intelligence in organizations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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55
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Gjicali K, Lipnevich AA. Got math attitude? (In)direct effects of student mathematics attitudes on intentions, behavioral engagement, and mathematics performance in the U.S. PISA. CONTEMPORARY EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Efforts to guide peoples' behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable investigators to identify when and how behavior change strategies will be most effective. How might attitudinally driven behavior change be consolidated into lasting habits? How do habits protect the individual against the vicissitudes of attitudes and temptations and promote goal achievement? How might attitudinal approaches aiming to change habits be improved by capitalizing on habit discontinuities and strategic planning? When and how might changing or creating habit architecture shape habits directly? A systematic approach to these questions might help move behavior change efforts from attitude change strategies to habit change strategies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Verplanken
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom;
| | - Sheina Orbell
- Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom;
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57
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Gallitto E, Veilleux GJ, Romano E. How Do Knowledge and Attitudes About Children's Rights Influence Spanking Attitudes? JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP8974-NP8991. [PMID: 31179808 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519852631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Children's rights are about treating children with equality, respect, and dignity. Attitudes concerning children's rights have been linked to support for nurturance and self-determination. However, there is little research on how dimensions of children's rights are associated with other parenting constructs, such as attitudes toward physical punishment. This study examined the relationship between knowledge of and attitudes toward children's rights and attitudes toward spanking in a Canadian sample of 329 undergraduate students who completed an online study. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated a significant negative association in that more favorable attitudes toward children's rights predicted less favorable attitudes toward spanking. There also was a significant moderating effect of child rights knowledge on this relationship, such that greater knowledge enhanced the effects of attitudes toward children's rights on spanking attitudes. These results raise awareness of the combined role of both knowledge of and attitudes toward children's rights in influencing spanking attitudes. The results also suggest that one pathway decreasing favorable attitudes toward spanking may be to increase the general public's knowledge of children's rights.
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58
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Gavrilets S. Coevolution of actions, personal norms and beliefs about others in social dilemmas. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2021; 3:e44. [PMID: 37588544 PMCID: PMC10427329 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2021.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human decision-making is affected by a diversity of factors including material cost-benefit considerations, normative and cultural influences, learning and conformity with peers and external authorities (e.g. cultural, religious, political, organisational). Also important are dynamically changing personal perceptions of the situation and beliefs about actions and expectations of others as well as psychological phenomena such as cognitive dissonance and social projection. To better understand these processes, I develop a unifying modelling framework describing the joint dynamics of actions and attitudes of individuals and their beliefs about the actions and attitudes of their groupmates. I consider which norms get internalised and which factors control beliefs about others. I predict that the long-term average characteristics of groups are largely determined by a balance between material payoffs and the values promoted by the external authority. Variation around these averages largely reflects variation in individual costs and benefits mediated by individual psychological characteristics. The efforts of an external authority to change the group behaviour in a certain direction can, counter-intuitively, have an opposite effect on individual behaviour. I consider how various factors can affect differences between groups and societies in the tightness/looseness of their social norms. I show that the most important factors are social heterogeneity, societal threat, effects of authority, cultural variation in the degree of collectivism/individualism, the population size and the subsistence style. My results can be useful for achieving a better understanding of human social behaviour and historical and current social processes, and in developing more efficient policies aiming to modify social behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Gavrilets
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Mathematics, National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Center for the Dynamics of Social Complexity, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN37996USA
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59
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Chen M, Jeronen E, Wang A. Toward Environmental Sustainability, Health, and Equity: How the Psychological Characteristics of College Students Are Reflected in Understanding Sustainable Development Goals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8217. [PMID: 34360510 PMCID: PMC8346037 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify how the psychological characteristics of college students are reflected in understanding sustainable development goals (SDGs) by examining college students' psychological characteristics, including attitude, interests, motivations, and self-efficacy, through the Sustainable Development Goals Psychological Inventory (SDGPI). The relationships among SDGs attitude, SDGs interest, SDGs motivation, and SDGs self-efficacy were analyzed by Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. In addition, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance were used to explore the differences among the college student groups in terms of gender, grade, and major in relation to attitude and personal characteristics. Attitude scores based on regression analysis were used to predict college students' interest, motivation, and self-efficacy in relation to the SDGs. According to the results, (a) the college students considered the three most important SDGs to be good health and well-being (SDG 3) (49.72%), quality education (SDG 4) (41.39%), and no poverty (SDG 1) (32.22%), while the three least important SDGs were decent work and economic growth (SDG 8) (41.11%), partnerships for the goals (SDG 17) (38.06%), and response consumption and institutions (SDG 12) (30.83%); (b) the SDGPI had a high reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.942; (c) there was a significant positive correlation between attitude and the variables of interest, motivation, and self-efficacy; (d) differences in attitudes, interest, and motivation between men and women were distinct and women scored much higher in these three subscales than men; (e) attitude could explain significant variance in interest, motivation and self-efficacy. In addition, attitude, interest, and motivation could account for self-efficacy. This study supports the development of sustainability education (SE) at the college level by providing new insights into college students' psychological characteristics in relation to the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiai Chen
- School of Landscape Architecture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Eila Jeronen
- Department of Educational Sciences and Teacher Education, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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WEISSENBERGER-EIBL MARIONA, HAMPEL TIM. WHAT DO WE HAVE IN-COMMON? OVERCOMING THE NOT-INVENTED-HERE SYNDROME THROUGH RECATEGORISATION. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s1363919621500705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The not-invented-here (NIH) syndrome describes a negatively-shaped attitude of employees towards externally generated knowledge. Despite being cited as one of the largest barriers in the transfer of external knowledge, empirical evidence on interventions to overcome NIH remains scarce. To address this research gap, we design a brief and specific recategorisational-intervention on basis of the common in-group identity model in order to change employees’ attitudes towards external knowledge directly. Additionally, we take into account the effects of affirmations as a frequently mentioned countermeasure to NIH and also investigate the role of dual identities in recategorisation. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a large field experiment with a total of 1,097 employees within a multinational organisation. Results revealed that (I) organisational identification and status are positively related to higher levels of NIH, (II) a recategorisational-intervention completely removes the NIH bias and leads to a significant increase in the evaluation of external knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARION A. WEISSENBERGER-EIBL
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Innovation and Technology Management, Fritz-Erler-Str. 1-3, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Breslauer Straße 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - TIM HAMPEL
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Innovation and Technology Management, Fritz-Erler-Str. 1-3, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
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61
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Whiteside-Mansell L, Sockwell L, Knight D, Crone C. Community Legal Systems: Targeting PrEP and HIV Education to Decrease Risk of HIV Transmission. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:2578-2590. [PMID: 33740214 PMCID: PMC8222014 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The southern U.S. has both high HIV and incarceration rates in comparison to its population. As in the rest of the country, HIV prevention is based on education, behavior change, and biomedical efforts, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). This study examined the implementation of an educational intervention and supportive services to obtain PrEP in a population of individuals (N = 218) involved in an Adult Drug Court (ADC) or on probation or parole (P-P). Nearly all ADC and P-P participants self-reported risk behaviors linked to HIV acquisition. Results supported the acceptance and usefulness of the intervention as rated by participants. Participants showed increased knowledge of HIV risks and testing post-education. In multivariate analysis, predictors of interest in using PrEP included low stigma beliefs, specifically their level of prejudice views, high depressive symptoms, and white race. The intervention shows promise. Given the high risk documented for ADC and P-P individuals, HIV prevention is a critical component for increased protective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Whiteside-Mansell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 521 Jack Stephens Drive #530, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA.
| | - LaTunja Sockwell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 521 Jack Stephens Drive #530, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Daniel Knight
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 521 Jack Stephens Drive #530, Little Rock, AR, 72205-7199, USA
| | - Cynthia Crone
- College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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62
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Valbuena G, van der Schaaf M, O'Sullivan P, O'Brien B. When I say…attitude. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 55:892-893. [PMID: 33555059 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieke van der Schaaf
- Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia O'Sullivan
- Center for Faculty Educators, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bridget O'Brien
- Center for Faculty Educators, School of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
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63
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Jiang G, Cai X, Feng X, Liu W. Effect of data environment and cognitive ability on participants’ attitude towards data governance. J Inf Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01655515211019000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Data governance has received research attention, but its effect on public attitude has not been sufficiently explored. To analyse the attitude towards public participation in data governance in the context of a tourism platform, we conduct an empirical model that aims to understand the impact of data governance environment and participants’ cognitive ability on attitude. Taking tourism sharing platforms as an example, we collected 339 questionnaires for data analysis. Results show that data quality and website design have a positive effect on users’ attitude towards data governance through data literacy self-efficacy. Data literacy self-efficacy has a suppression effect between data quality and attitude towards data governance and has the same effect between website design and attitude towards data governance. Data quality and website design have a positive effect on users’ attitude towards data governance through platform interaction. Platform interactivity plays a mediating role between data quality and attitude towards data governance and has the same effect between website design and attitude towards data governance. Data policy has a positive effect on users’ data literacy self-efficacy but no significant effect on platform interactivity. Moreover, this study provides theoretical and practical implications that can guide the government in policy implementation and platform managers in data governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Jiang
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Xingshun Cai
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Xiaodong Feng
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, China
| | - Wenping Liu
- School of Information Management and Statistics, Hubei University of Economics, China
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An Experimental Evidence on Public Acceptance of Genetically Modified Food through Advertisement Framing on Health and Environmental Benefits, Objective Knowledge, and Risk Reduction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105264. [PMID: 34063370 PMCID: PMC8156498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the emerging challenges on global food security and the decade of controversies over genetically modified food (hereafter GMF), the present study aims to explore the effects of advertisement framing on health and environmental benefits, sources of perceived risk reduction, and domain-specific knowledge on the acceptance of GMF. The study conducted a quasi-experimental factorial 2 (advertisement message framing: health vs. environmental benefits) × 2 (expert endorsement: present vs. absent) between-subject design involving 300 adult participants from Pakistan. Using a multi-group structural equation model, the four conditions were assigned to each participant group (n = 75) to test the hypothesized relationships. The quasi-experiment results suggested that the advertisement messages (ad-framed) incorporated with the health and environmental benefits, as delineated by experts, can be a viable communication strategy in developing effortless cognitive cues towards GMF acceptance. The pioneer findings validate the significant efficacy of advertisement messages (ad-framed with expert opinions) in reducing perceived risk through augmented objective knowledge that activates the mechanism of favorable development of attitude and acceptance of GMF. The study findings offer strategic directions to policymakers, marketers, and food technologists in raising greater awareness and acceptance towards GMF products.
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65
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Killgore WDS, Cloonan SA, Taylor EC, Dailey NS. The COVID-19 Vaccine Is Here-Now Who Is Willing to Get It? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:339. [PMID: 33916161 PMCID: PMC8065766 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The U.S. vaccine campaign against COVID-19 began in December 2020, but many individuals seem reluctant to get vaccinated. During the first week of the vaccination campaign, we collected data from 1017 individuals with an online survey to identify factors that were associated with willingness to get the vaccine once it is available. Most participants (55.3%) were willing to get the vaccine, although 46.2% also expressed some fear of the vaccine. Political ideology was by far the most consistent predictor of both willingness to be vaccinated and fear of the vaccine, followed by participant sex, education level, income, and race/ethnicity. Our findings suggest that, for the vaccine campaign to be broadly supported and successful, it will be important for frontline healthcare workers to discuss the role of inoculation for COVID-19 in a manner consistent with each individual patient's political and sociological worldview.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. S. Killgore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA; (S.A.C.); (E.C.T.); (N.S.D.)
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Albarracin D, Jung H. A research agenda for the post-COVID-19 world: Theory and research in social psychology. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 24:10-17. [PMID: 33821136 PMCID: PMC8014688 DOI: 10.1111/ajsp.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Albarracin
- Department of Psychology and Gies College of BusinessUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| | - Haesung Jung
- Department of Psychology and Gies College of BusinessUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
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Rettinger L, Klupper C, Werner F, Putz P. Changing attitudes towards teletherapy in Austrian therapists during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Telemed Telecare 2021; 29:406-414. [PMID: 33430678 DOI: 10.1177/1357633x20986038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telehealth and its usage strongly depend on regulatory frameworks and user acceptance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech-language therapists and their patients experienced restrictions regarding the usual face-to-face therapy. Teletherapy has become a highly discussed medium for providing therapy services. This study aimed at assessing Austrian therapists' attitudes towards teletherapy, including perceived barriers, during and before the COVID-19 lockdown. Further interest referred to therapists' technical affinity and experiences with the application of teletherapy. METHODS Therapists (n = 325) completed an online survey amid the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020. Retrospective indications referred to the time prior to the lockdown. Ratings were opposed across the three therapeutic professions. Subgroup analyses investigated the role of gender and age regarding technical affinity. Measures included custom-made attitudinal statements towards teletherapy and the standardized TA-EG survey. RESULTS The COVID-19 lockdown caused attitude changes towards teletherapy - for example, in terms of interest (r = 0.57, p > 0.01), perceived skills for performance of teletherapy (r = 0.33, p > 0.01) and perceived need for physical contact with patients (r = 0.35, p > 0.01). Regarding technical affinity, women reported significantly higher values than men did (r = 0.32, p > 0.01). Nearly half of the participants already applied teletherapy, with mainly positive ratings regarding perceived skills and feasibility. Barriers identified were missing or unstable reimbursement policies by insurance companies and therapeutic software with guaranteed data security. DISCUSSION Austrian therapists indicate a relatively high level of telehealth positivity, with an improvement in the course of the COVID-19 lockdown. However, therapists outline the need for stable reimbursement policies and secure software solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rettinger
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carissa Klupper
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Werner
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Putz
- FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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68
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Sleczka P, Braun-Michl B, Kraus L. Gamblers' attitudes towards money and their relationship to gambling disorder among young men. J Behav Addict 2020; 9:744-755. [PMID: 32692711 PMCID: PMC8943678 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Money plays a central role in gambling, and understanding the different attitudes of gamblers towards it might benefit both prevention and treatment of gambling-related problems. This study describes the development of a new German measure of attitudes to money and the differences in these attitudes between male non-gamblers, occasional, frequent and problem gamblers. Furthermore, it investigates the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between attitudes towards money and the severity of gambling disorder. METHODS An online study was conducted among 2,584 men aged 18-25 years, recruited via the Munich citizen registry. Additionally, a sample of n = 105 Facebook users was included in part of the analyses. Frequent and problem gamblers were invited to a 12-month follow-up. Apart from gambling participation and related problems, the questionnaire included items from existing scales measuring attitudes to money. RESULTS Three factors underlying a new 12-item German Scale of Money Attitudes (SMAG) were identified: success, budgeting and evil. Compared with other groups, participants reporting any gambling problems scored highest in success and lowest in budgeting. Budgeting was associated with gambling-related problems in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses and strengthened the relationship between associating money with success and gambling disorder. DISCUSSION For problem gamblers, money is important as a personal symbol of success. This attitude has an especially negative effect on gambling-related problems in individuals who handle money irresponsibly. Spending and winning money might play an important role in maintaining self-esteem among gamblers and thus hinder their attempts to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sleczka
- German University of Health and
Sport, Ismaning, Germany
| | | | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für
Therapieforschung, Munich,
Germany
- Department of
Public Health Sciences, Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm
University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of
Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest,
Hungary
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Lu H, Winneg K, Jamieson KH, Albarracín D. Intentions to Seek Information About the Influenza Vaccine: The Role of Informational Subjective Norms, Anticipated and Experienced Affect, and Information Insufficiency Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:2040-2056. [PMID: 32077137 PMCID: PMC7434697 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
When deciding whether to vaccinate, people often seek information through consequential processes that are not currently well understood. A survey of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,091) explored the factors associated with intentions to seek influenza vaccine information in the 2018-2019 influenza season. This survey shed light on what motivates intentions to seek information about the influenza vaccine through the lens of the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model. The model explained information-seeking intentions well among both unvaccinated and vaccinated respondents. Key findings show that informational subjective norms, information insufficiency, and different types of affect are strong predictors of information-seeking intentions. Theoretical insights on extending the RISP model and practical guidance on designing interventions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lu
- Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Winneg
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Dolores Albarracín
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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70
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Masters NB, Shih SF, Bukoff A, Akel KB, Kobayashi LC, Miller AL, Harapan H, Lu Y, Wagner AL. Social distancing in response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in the United States. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239025. [PMID: 32915884 PMCID: PMC7485770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, much of the US was placed under social distancing guidelines during March 2020. We characterized risk perceptions and adherence to social distancing recommendations in March 2020 among US adults aged 18+ in an online survey with age and gender quotas to match the general US population (N = 713). We used multivariable logistic and linear regression to estimate associations between age (by generational cohort) and these outcomes. The median perceived risk of infection with COVID-19 within the next month was 32%, and 65% of individuals were practicing more social distancing than before the outbreak. Baby Boomers had lower perceived risk than Millennials (-10.6%, 95% CI: -16.2%, -5.0%), yet were more frequently social distancing (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.56). Public health outreach should focus on raising compliance with social distancing recommendations, especially among high risk groups. Efforts to address risk perceptions alone may be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B. Masters
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shu-Fang Shih
- Department of Health Management & Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Allen Bukoff
- Independent Consultant, Bloomfield Hills, MI, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn B. Akel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lindsay C. Kobayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Alison L. Miller
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Yihan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Ministry of Education), Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Abram L. Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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71
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Abstract
Prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, and the consequences of these negative attitudes and behavior, are key determinants of the economic, sociocultural, and civic-political future of receiving societies and of the individuals who seek to make these societies their new home. In this article I review and organize the existing literature on the determinants and nature of prejudice and discrimination toward immigrants, summarizing what we know to date and the challenges in attributing effects to immigrant status per se. I also discuss the consequences of discrimination against immigrants for immigrants themselves, their families, and the societies in which they settle. I conclude by presenting key research questions and topics in this domain that should be at the top of the research agenda for those interested in intergroup relations in this age of mass migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Esses
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada;
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72
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Target-Oriented Promotion of the Intention for Sustainable Behavior with Social Norms. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12156193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To date, measures to promote sustainable behavior by influencing attitudes have often not had the expected success. Past research indicates that using social norms to promote sustainable behavior in people with low involvement in environmental protection offers a promising basis to address this problem. In this study, this insight was transferred to the context of two environmental measures at an early stage of development by investigating the effects of social norms on the intention for sustainable behavior in people with a low intention to be involved in environmental protection. Study 1 was conducted in the context of a university project on energy-saving behavior with 606 university members, and Study 2 was carried out in the context of a project on the acceptance of an innovative, sustainable technology with 101 consumers. In both studies, social norms had stronger effects on people with a low intention to be involved in environmental protection. Therefore, using social norms to promote the intention for sustainable behavior among people with a low intention to be involved offers a promising basis for further research and could serve as an approach for designing target-group-specific strategies at early stages in the development of sustainability measures.
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73
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Preuß S, Ottenstein C, Kachel S, Steffens MC. Using Scenarios for Measuring the Affective and Behavioral Components of Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men: Validation of the SABA Scale. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2020; 49:1645-1669. [PMID: 32378075 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-020-01653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Attitude-change research requires sound attitude measures adequately predicting behavior. Most existing attitude measures focus on the cognitive (and some on the affective) attitude component (while neglecting the behavioral component). The present research introduces the SABA, a brief scale that consists of Scenarios measuring the Affective and Behavioral components of Attitudes toward lesbians and gay men. In two studies with student and non-student samples (n1 = 66, n2 = 202), we developed a 25-item scale and reduced it by performing exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded two factors (affective and behavioral) for each version (SABA-L for attitudes toward lesbians, SABA-G for attitudes toward gay men). The reduced scales each contained five scenarios showing good reliability. High convergent validity and discriminant validity were shown using explicit and implicit attitude measures in a multitrait-multimethod analysis. Further, SABA scores correlated with the Modern Homonegativity Scale (MHS) and the Attitudes Toward Lesbians (ATL) and Gay Men Scale (ATG), but-as predicted-not with social anxiety and the Homopositivity Scale. The SABA's criterion and incremental validity were demonstrated in predicting attitude-related behavior better than the MHS. SABA scores showed established associations and differences in antigay attitudes based on age, religiousness, male role norms, authoritarianism, openness (SABA-G only), and sexual orientation, confirming (known-group) validity. Further, the SABA correlated less with the motivation to act without prejudice than the MHS, the ATL, and the ATG. Thus, outperforming existing attitude scales, the SABA appears to be a psychometrically sound instrument to measure attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Preuß
- Faculty of Psychology: Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany.
| | - Charlotte Ottenstein
- Center of Methodologies, Diagnostics, and Evaluation, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Sven Kachel
- Faculty of Psychology: Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
| | - Melanie C Steffens
- Faculty of Psychology: Social, Environmental, and Economic Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Campus Landau, Fortstraße 7, 76829, Landau in der Pfalz, Germany
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74
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Melnikoff DE, Lambert R, Bargh JA. Attitudes as prepared reflexes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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75
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Bar‐Tal D, Hameiri B. Interventions to change well‐anchored attitudes in the context of intergroup conflict. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boaz Hameiri
- Annenberg School for CommunicationUniversity of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- The Evens Program in Conflict Resolution and MediationTel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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76
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Bauer AC, Coffield VM, Crater D, Lyda T, Segarra VA, Suh K, Vigueira CC, Vigueira PA. Fostering Equitable Outcomes in Introductory Biology Courses through Use of a Dual Domain Pedagogy. CBE LIFE SCIENCES EDUCATION 2020; 19:ar4. [PMID: 32004100 PMCID: PMC8697644 DOI: 10.1187/cbe.19-07-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrate that significant learning gains can be achieved when instructors take intentional steps to address the affective components of learning. While such efforts enhance the outcomes of all students, they are particularly beneficial for students from underrepresented groups and can reduce performance gaps. In the present study, we examined whether intentional efforts to address the affective domain of learning (through growth mindset messaging) can synergize with best practices for addressing the cognitive domain (via active-learning strategies) to enhance academic outcomes in biology courses. We compared the impact of this two-pronged approach (known as dual domain pedagogy, or DDP) with that of two other pedagogies (lecture only or active learning only). Our results demonstrate that DDP is a powerful tool for narrowing performance gaps. DDP, but not active learning, eliminated the performance gap observed between Black and white students in response to lecture. While a significant gap between white and Latin@ students was observed in response to active learning (but not lecture), this gap was reduced by DDP. These findings demonstrate that DDP is an effective approach for promoting a more equitable classroom and can foster learning outcomes that supersede those conferred by active learning alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Bauer
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268
- *Address correspondence to: Angela Bauer ()
| | | | - Dinene Crater
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268
| | - Todd Lyda
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268
| | | | - Kevin Suh
- Biology Department, High Point University, High Point, NC 27268
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77
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Advancing the Measurement of Organizational Legitimacy, Reputation, and Status: First-order Judgments vs Second-order Judgments—Commentary on “Organizational legitimacy, reputation and status: Insights from micro-level management”. ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT DISCOVERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.5465/amd.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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78
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Moussaoui LS, Desrichard O, Milfont TL. Do Environmental Prompts Work the Same for Everyone? A Test of Environmental Attitudes as a Moderator. Front Psychol 2020; 10:3057. [PMID: 32116871 PMCID: PMC7015073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extant literature has focused either on personal variables or on situational factors to explain pro-environmental behavior despite several calls to integrate both. The present research addresses this integration call by testing the interaction between environmental attitudes and situational prompts on pro-environmental behavior. Three experimental studies manipulate the presence/absence of pro-environmental prompts, measure environmental attitudes, and investigate the effect of both variables on behavior. Study 1 showed a simple effect: participants with higher levels of pro-environmental attitudes (compared to those with lower levels) performed more energy saving behavior in the presence of prompts. However, in the absence of prompt, none of the participants performed the behavior, which prevented us from statistically testing the interaction. Studies 2 and 3 were conducted with a similar design: main effects of attitude and prompts were obtained, but the interaction was not found. A Bayesian analysis of the data suggested more evidence toward the null hypothesis of no interaction between environmental attitudes and situational prompts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Selma Moussaoui
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Desrichard
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Taciano L. Milfont
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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79
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King S, Violato E. Longitudinal evaluation of attitudes to interprofessional collaboration: time for a change? J Interprof Care 2020; 35:124-131. [PMID: 32019379 DOI: 10.1080/13561820.2020.1712334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal evaluation of interprofessional programming is necessary to understand the impact of interprofessional education (IPE) for collaborative practice. Attitude is one measure of intended behavior. The Interprofessional Attitude Scale (IPAS) was developed as an improved measure to examine the readiness for interprofessional education and collaborative practice. As a means to pilot a protocol for a longitudinal comprehensive evaluation of an interprofessional program with 13 health professional programs in 6 health science faculties, the IPAS was administered over a 3-year period to three cohorts of students. The results of the IPAS indicated no significant differences detected across the 3 years. Although there was a significant difference on the Patient Centredness subscale for Cohorts 2 and 3 the effect size was small. Previous experience in an interprofessional course was a predictor of more positive patient centeredness attitudes, but other IPE experience and years of education were not predictors of any interprofessional attitudes. Students from the Medicine & Dentistry (M&D) faculty ranked significantly lower on the teamwork roles and responsibilities subscale compared to the other faculties, except Rehabilitation Medicine (RM). However, once the outliers in RM were removed, there was a significant difference on this subscale between RM and M&D. This paper outlines the challenges with using the IPAS as part of a comprehensive program evaluation and identifies issues with longitudinal data collection for evaluation with large student cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharla King
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education and Director, Health Sciences Education and Research Commons, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
| | - Efrem Violato
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Canada
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80
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Abstract
Deceptive claims surround us, embedded in fake news, advertisements, political propaganda, and rumors. How do people know what to believe? Truth judgments reflect inferences drawn from three types of information: base rates, feelings, and consistency with information retrieved from memory. First, people exhibit a bias to accept incoming information, because most claims in our environments are true. Second, people interpret feelings, like ease of processing, as evidence of truth. And third, people can (but do not always) consider whether assertions match facts and source information stored in memory. This three-part framework predicts specific illusions (e.g., truthiness, illusory truth), offers ways to correct stubborn misconceptions, and suggests the importance of converging cues in a post-truth world, where falsehoods travel further and faster than the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M. Brashier
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Marsh
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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81
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Reynolds JP, Stautz K, Pilling M, van der Linden S, Marteau TM. Communicating the effectiveness and ineffectiveness of government policies and their impact on public support: a systematic review with meta-analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:190522. [PMID: 32218927 PMCID: PMC7029938 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low public support for government interventions in health, environment and other policy domains can be a barrier to implementation. Communicating evidence of policy effectiveness has been used to influence attitudes towards policies, with mixed results. This review provides the first systematic synthesis of such studies. Eligible studies were randomized controlled experiments that included an intervention group that provided evidence of a policy's effectiveness or ineffectiveness at achieving a salient outcome, and measured policy support. From 6498 abstracts examined, there were 45 effect sizes from 36 eligible studies. In total, 35 (N = 30 858) communicated evidence of effectiveness, and 10 (N = 5078) communicated evidence of ineffectiveness. Random effects meta-analysis revealed that communicating evidence of a policy's effectiveness increased support for the policy (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI [0.07, 0.15], p < 0.0001), equivalent to support increasing from 50% to 54% (95% CI [53%, 56%]). Communicating evidence of ineffectiveness decreased policy support (SMD = -0.14, 95% CI [-0.22, -0.06], p < 0.001), equivalent to support decreasing from 50% to 44% (95% CI [41%, 47%]). These findings suggest that public support for policies in a range of domains is sensitive to evidence of their effectiveness, as well as their ineffectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Reynolds
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K. Stautz
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. Pilling
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - T. M. Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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82
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The mediator role of robot anxiety on the relationship between social anxiety and the attitude toward interaction with robots. AI & SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00146-019-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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83
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Brannon SM, DeJong A, Gawronski B. Determinants of Lateral Attitude Change: The Roles of Object Relatedness, Attitude Certainty, and Moral Conviction. SOCIAL COGNITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1521/soco.2019.37.6.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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84
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Ljubin-Golub T, Petričević E, Sokić K. Predicting Academic Cheating with Triarchic Psychopathy and Cheating Attitudes. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC ETHICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10805-019-09338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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85
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Manchaiah V, Zhao F, Ratinaud P. Young Adults' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding "Music" and "Loud Music" Across Countries: Applications of Social Representations Theory. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1390. [PMID: 31293472 PMCID: PMC6603271 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to loud music, especially by young people, has significantly increased in recent years as a result of (a) advancements in technology in terms of personal music players and smart mobile phones, and (b) streaming of music through these devices. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that some 1.1 billion teenagers and young adults are at risk of developing hearing loss due to exposure to recreational noise such as music. It is suggested that knowledge and attitude of young adults toward music has bearing upon their music listening habits and thereby influences who is at risk of developing music induced hearing loss. Hence, researchers from various fields have tried to understand the knowledge and attitude of young adults regarding loud music. However, there is some criticism of attitude studies as there is little relation between expressed attitude and behavior. Some recent studies have explored the social representations of music and loud music using the Social Representations Theory (SRT). It has been suggested that social representation is more fundamental than attitude (or in other words social representation informs attitude), hence, it has a better relation to behavior. The current paper: (1) provides an overview of studies on knowledge and attitude of young adults toward loud music, (2) discusses the limitations of attitude theories and introduces SRT, and (3) provides a summary of social representation studies on “music” and “loud music” in young adults from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya Manchaiah
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX, United States.,Audiology India, Mysore, India.,Department of Speech and Hearing, School of Allied Health Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Fei Zhao
- Centre for Speech Language Therapy and Hearing Science, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Hearing and Speech Science, Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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86
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Valbuena G, O'Brien B, Ten Cate O, O'Sullivan P. Inquiry in the Medical Curriculum: A Pedagogical Conundrum and a Proposed Solution. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2019; 94:804-808. [PMID: 30920445 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Habits of inquiry are considered an essential component of the modern physician's profile. These habits drive physicians to recognize and address the continuous challenges inherent to the practice of medicine; consequently, they meet the aims of better patient-centered care, better health of communities, and improved functioning of the health system. Many medical schools have endeavored to integrate inquiry into their curricula as a means of supporting development of adaptive expertise, a construct that encompasses habits of inquiry. However, the diversity of conceptualizations of inquiry has resulted in correspondingly diverse instructional implementations. Much of the emphasis has been on inquiry methods (e.g., engagement in research projects, courses in research methods and statistics), but the learners' inquiry disposition and its essential attitude component have received little attention in instruction and assessment. The authors propose that both inquiry methods and attitude need to be developed explicitly and simultaneously to prepare physicians to successfully be willing and able to address the challenges of today's health care environment. Because attitudes are established predictors of behavior, a positive inquiry attitude may be the ultimate determinant of physicians' engagement in behaviors of adaptive expertise (i.e., recognizing when learned procedures do not apply, and learning or inventing effective solutions). Addressing the attitude toward inquiry as early as possible in medical school is critical because strong attitudes are difficult to modify. Thus, a curriculum that supports positive inquiry attitude formation and strengthening will carry well beyond medical school and residency training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Valbuena
- G. Valbuena is head, Problem-Based Learning Curriculum, UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Medical Program, Berkeley, California. B. O'Brien is associate professor, Department of Medicine, and educational researcher, Center for Faculty Educators, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. O. ten Cate is professor and senior health professions education scientist, Center for Research and Development of Education, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. P. O'Sullivan is professor, Department of Medicine, and director, Research and Development in Medical Education, Center for Faculty Educators, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
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87
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Chambers E, Tran T, Chambers E. Natural: A $75 billion word with no definition—Why not? J SENS STUD 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Chambers
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer BehaviorKansas State University Manhattan Kansas
| | - Thao Tran
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer BehaviorKansas State University Manhattan Kansas
| | - Edgar Chambers
- Center for Sensory Analysis and Consumer BehaviorKansas State University Manhattan Kansas
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88
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Gnambs T, Appel M. Are robots becoming unpopular? Changes in attitudes towards autonomous robotic systems in Europe. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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89
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Lucidi F, Girelli L, Chirico A, Alivernini F, Cozzolino M, Violani C, Mallia L. Personality Traits and Attitudes Toward Traffic Safety Predict Risky Behavior Across Young, Adult, and Older Drivers. Front Psychol 2019; 10:536. [PMID: 30915011 PMCID: PMC6421299 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, several studies have investigated the role of personality traits and attitudes toward traffic safety in predicting driving behaviors in diverse types of drivers across several countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies so far have investigated the possible moderating role played by age in relation to predictors of accident risk. Answering this open question would provide information about the generalizability of the model across different subpopulations and would make possible the tailoring of the interventions to specific target groups. The study involved 1,286 drivers from three different age groups (young: n = 435; adult: n = 412; old: n = 439) which completed a questionnaire measuring drivers’ personality traits (i.e., anxiety, hostility, excitement seeking, altruism, normlessness), positive attitudes toward traffic safety, risky driving behaviors (i.e., errors, lapses, and traffic violations), accident involvement and number of traffic fines issued in the last 12 months. Multi-group Variance Based Structural Equation Modeling (VB-SEM) across the three age groups showed that the hypothesized model had a good fit with the data in all the three age groups. However, some pattern of relationships between the variables varied across the three groups, for example, if considering the direct effects of personality traits on risky driving behaviors, anxiety, altruism, and normlessness predicted violations only in young and adult drivers, whereas excitement seeking was associated with lapses only in young drivers; anxiety was a positive predictor of drivers’ errors, both in adult and older drivers, whereas excitement seeking predicted errors in adult and young drivers. On the other hand, attitudes significantly and negatively predicted violations and errors in all the three age groups, whereas they significantly and negatively predicted lapses only in young and older drivers. The results of the present study provided empirical basis to develop evidence-based road safety interventions differently tailored to the specific life’s stage of the drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Andrea Chirico
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Alivernini
- National Institute for the Evaluation of the Education System, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Cozzolino
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Violani
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Mallia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Foro Italico University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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90
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Abstract
We now have almost no filters on information that we can access, and this requires a much more vigilant, knowledgeable reader. Learning false information from the web can have dire consequences for personal, social, and personal decision making. Given how our memory works and our biases in selecting and interpreting information, now more than ever we must control our own cognitive and affective processing. As examples: Simply repeating information can increase confidence in its perceived truth; initial incorrect information remains available and can continue to have an effect despite learning the corrected information; and we are more likely to accept information that is consistent with our beliefs. Information evaluation requires readers (a) to set and monitor their goals of accuracy, coherence, and completeness; (b) to employ strategies to achieve these goals; and (c) to value this time- and effort-consuming systematic evaluation. Several recommendations support a reasoned approach to fake news and manipulation.
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91
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Haddock G, Maio GR. Inter-individual differences in attitude content: Cognition, affect, and attitudes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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92
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Pensamiento social de vejez: Actitudes y Representaciones Sociales. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2018. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
El objetivo del presente estudio fue revisar las investigaciones sobre pensamiento social en torno a la vejez, específicamente aquellas desarrolladas desde las teorías de las Actitudes y de las Representaciones Sociales. Lo anterior no sólo permitió reconocer las proposiciones teóricas y metodológicas de cada uno de los paradigmas, sino también discutir las implicaciones de estos resultados para el estudio del pensamiento social sobre vejez, las orientaciones futuras, y posibles desarrollos en el tema. Fueron revisados aquellos artículos publicados durante los últimos catorce años, en revistas indexadas, y escritos en inglés, español, francés y portugués. Cuarenta y ocho investigaciones cumplieron con los criterios de selección, éstas presentan la vejez como un fenómeno complejo, descrito con valoraciones positivas o negativas. Si bien los estudios de actitudes se enfocaron en evaluar las diferencias individuales, las variables socio-estructurales fueron relevantes en la explicación de las actitudes hacia la vejez. Los estudios sobre representaciones sociales se enfocaron en analizar las diferencias contextuales y sus repercusiones sobre el contenido de la representación, mostrando que la vejez no se puede entender sin indagar el contexto social. Tras la discusión, fue concluido que los estudios sobre pensamiento social sobre la vejez deberían explorar la relación entre los términos usados para definir la vejez, sus significados y su función social; además de tener abordajes complejos que expliquen el vínculo entre la información, la actitud y las condiciones socio-estructurales (macro-micro).
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93
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Falk E, Scholz C. Persuasion, Influence, and Value: Perspectives from Communication and Social Neuroscience. Annu Rev Psychol 2017; 69:329-356. [PMID: 28961060 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities to persuade and be persuaded are ubiquitous. What determines whether influence spreads and takes hold? This review provides an overview of evidence for the central role of subjective valuation in persuasion and social influence for both propagators and receivers of influence. We first review evidence that decisions to communicate information are determined by the subjective value a communicator expects to gain from sharing. We next review evidence that the effects of social influence and persuasion on receivers, in turn, arise from changes in the receiver's subjective valuation of objects, ideas, and behaviors. We then review evidence that self-related and social considerations are two key inputs to the value calculation in both communicators and receivers. Finally, we highlight biological coupling between communicators and receivers as a mechanism through which perceptions of value can be transmitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; , .,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.,Marketing Department, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Christin Scholz
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; ,
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