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Trębacz H, Barzycka A. Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030574. [PMID: 36979509 PMCID: PMC10046833 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic-energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trębacz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Barzycka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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52
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Bekedam FT, Goumans MJ, Bogaard HJ, de Man FS, Llucià-Valldeperas A. Molecular mechanisms and targets of right ventricular fibrosis in pulmonary hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 244:108389. [PMID: 36940790 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular fibrosis is a stress response, predominantly mediated by cardiac fibroblasts. This cell population is sensitive to increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, pro-fibrotic growth factors and mechanical stimulation. Activation of fibroblasts results in the induction of various molecular signaling pathways, most notably the mitogen-activated protein kinase cassettes, leading to increased synthesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. While fibrosis confers structural protection in response to damage induced by ischemia or (pressure and volume) overload, it simultaneously contributes to increased myocardial stiffness and right ventricular dysfunction. Here, we review state-of-the-art knowledge of the development of right ventricular fibrosis in response to pressure overload and provide an overview of all published preclinical and clinical studies in which right ventricular fibrosis was targeted to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Bekedam
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden UMC, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H J Bogaard
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F S de Man
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - A Llucià-Valldeperas
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, PHEniX laboratory, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Pulmonary Hypertension and Thrombosis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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53
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Magnesium Improves Cardiac Function in Experimental Uremia by Altering Cardiac Elastin Protein Content. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061303. [PMID: 36986034 PMCID: PMC10056411 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are accompanied by life-threatening complications and represent the major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Magnesium is important for the physiology of cardiac function, and its deficiency is common in CKD. In the present study, we investigated the impact of oral magnesium carbonate supplementation on cardiac function in an experimental model of CKD induced in Wistar rats by an adenine diet. Echocardiographic analyses revealed restoration of impaired left ventricular cardiac function in animals with CKD. Cardiac histology and real-time PCR confirmed a high amount of elastin protein and increased collagen III expression in CKD rats supplemented with dietary magnesium as compared with CKD controls. Both structural proteins are crucial in maintaining cardiac health and physiology. Aortic calcium content increased in CKD as compared with tissue from control animals. Magnesium supplementation numerically lowered the increases in aortic calcium content as it remained statistically unchanged, compared with controls. In summary, the present study provides evidence for an improvement in cardiovascular function and aortic wall integrity in a rat model of CKD by magnesium, as evidenced by echocardiography and histology.
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54
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Gueldner PH, Marini AX, Li B, Darvish CJ, Chung TK, Weinbaum JS, Curci JA, Vorp DA. Mechanical and matrix effects of short and long-duration exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile in elastase-induced model abdominal aortic aneurysm in mice. JVS Vasc Sci 2023; 4:100098. [PMID: 37152846 PMCID: PMC10160690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2023.100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the mechanical and matrix effects on abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) during the initial aortic dilation and after prolonged exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) in a topical elastase AAA model. Methods Abdominal aortae of C57/BL6 mice were exposed to topical elastase with or without BAPN in the drinking water starting 4 days before elastase exposure. For the standard AAA model, animals were harvested at 2 weeks after active elastase (STD2) or heat-inactivated elastase (SHAM2). For the enhanced elastase model, BAPN treatment continued for either 4 days (ENH2b) or until harvest (ENH2) at 2 weeks; BAPN was continued until harvest at 8 weeks in one group (ENH8). Each group underwent assessment of aortic diameter, mechanical testing (tangent modulus and ultimate tensile strength [UTS]), and quantification of insoluble elastin and bulk collagen in both the elastase exposed aorta as well as the descending thoracic aorta. Results BAPN treatment did not increase aortic dilation compared with the standard model after 2 weeks (ENH2, 1.65 ± 0.23 mm; ENH2b, 1.49 ± 0.39 mm; STD2, 1.67 ± 0.29 mm; and SHAM2, 0.73 ± 0.10 mm), but did result in increased dilation after 8 weeks (4.3 ± 2.0 mm; P = .005). After 2 weeks, compared with the standard model, continuous therapy with BAPN did not have an effect on UTS (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; 18.05 ± 4.95 N/cm2), tangent modulus (32.60 ± 9.83 N/cm2; 26.13 ± 9.10 N/cm2), elastin (7.41 ± 2.43%; 7.37 ± 4.00%), or collagen (4.25 ± 0.79%; 5.86 ± 1.19%) content. The brief treatment, EHN2b, resulted in increased aortic collagen content compared with STD2 (7.55 ± 2.48%; P = .006) and an increase in UTS compared with ENH2 (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .03). The ENH8 group had the lowest tangent modulus (3.71 ± 3.10 N/cm2; P = .005) compared with all aortas harvested at 2 weeks and a lower UTS (2.18 ± 2.18 N/cm2) compared with both the STD2 (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; P = .008) and ENH2b (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .001) groups. No differences in the mechanical properties or matrix protein concentrations were associated with abdominal elastase exposure or BAPN treatment for the thoracic aorta. The tangent modulus was higher in the STD2 group (32.60 ± 9.83 N/cm2; P = .0456) vs the SHAM2 group (17.99 ± 5.76 N/cm2), and the UTS was lower in the ENH2 group (18.05 ± 4.95 N/cm2; P = .0292) compared with the ENH2b group (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2). The ENH8 group had the lowest tangent modulus (3.71 ± 3.10 N/cm2; P = .005) compared with all aortas harvested at 2 weeks and a lower UTS (2.18 ± 2.18 N/cm2) compared with both the STD2 (24.84 ± 7.62 N/cm2; P = .008) and ENH2b (35.18 ± 18.60 N/cm2; P = .001) groups. Abdominal aortic elastin in the STD2 group (7.41 ± 2.43%; P = .035) was lower compared with the SHAM2 group (15.29 ± 7.66%). Aortic collagen was lower in the STD2 group (4.25 ± 0.79%; P = .007) compared with the SHAM2 group (12.44 ± 6.02%) and higher for the ENH2b (7.55 ± 2.48%; P = .006) compared with the STD2 group. Conclusions Enhancing an elastase AAA model with BAPN does not affect the initial (2-week) dilation phase substantially, either mechanically or by altering the matrix content. Late mechanical and matrix effects of prolonged BAPN treatment are limited to the elastase-exposed segment of the aorta. Clinical Relevance This paper explores the use of short- and long-term exposure to beta-aminopropionitrile to create an enhanced topical elastase abdominal aortic aneurysm model in mice. Readouts of aneurysm severity included loss of mechanical stability and vascular extracellular matrix composition reminiscent of what is seen in the course of human disease. Additionally, we show that the thoracic aorta, unlike the findings below the renal arteries, is not damaged in our animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pete H. Gueldner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ande X. Marini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Cyrus J. Darvish
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Timothy K. Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Justin S. Weinbaum
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John A. Curci
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - David A. Vorp
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Clinical & Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Center for Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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55
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Li Y, Chen T, You K, Peng T, Li T. Sequence determinants and solution conditions underlying liquid to solid phase transition. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C236-C246. [PMID: 36503242 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Life consists of numberless functional biomolecules that exist in various states. Besides well-dissolved phases, biomolecules especially proteins and nucleic acids can form liquid droplets through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Stronger interactions promote a solid-like state of biomolecular condensates, which are also formerly referred to as detergent-insoluble aggregates. Solid-like condensates exist in vivo physiologically and pathologically, and their formation has not been fully understood. Recently, more and more research has proven that liquid to solid phase transition (LST) is an essential way to form solid condensates. In this review, we summarized the regions in the sequence that have different impacts on phase transition and emphasized that the LST is affected by its sequence characteristics. Moreover, increasing evidence unveiled that LST is affected by various solution conditions. We discussed solution conditions like protein concentration, pH, ATP, ions, and small molecules in a solution. Methods have been established to study these solid phase components. Here, we summarized low-throughput experimental techniques and high-throughput omics methods in the study of the LST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Taoyu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqing You
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Happy Life Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Happy Life Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
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56
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Cuevas RA, Wong R, Joolharzadeh P, Moorhead WJ, Chu CC, Callahan J, Crane A, Boufford CK, Parise AM, Parwal A, Behzadi P, St Hilaire C. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e/CD73)-mediated adenosine signaling attenuates TGFβ-2 induced elastin and cellular contraction. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C327-C338. [PMID: 36503240 PMCID: PMC9902218 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00054.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC) is a rare genetic disease caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the NT5E gene encoding the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (cluster of differentiation 73, CD73) enzyme. Patients with ACDC develop vessel arteriomegaly, tortuosity, and vascular calcification in their lower extremity arteries. Histological analysis shows that patients with ACDC vessels exhibit fragmented elastin fibers similar to that seen in aneurysmal-like pathologies. It is known that alterations in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway signaling contribute to this elastin phenotype in several connective tissue diseases, as TGFβ regulates extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our study investigates whether CD73-derived adenosine modifies TGFβ signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We show that Nt5e-/- SMCs have elevated contractile markers and elastin gene expression compared with Nt5e+/+ SMCs. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (Nt5e)-deficient SMCs exhibit increased TGFβ-2 and activation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) signaling, elevated elastin transcript and protein, and potentiate SMC contraction. These effects were diminished when the A2b adenosine receptor was activated. Our results identify a novel link between adenosine and TGFβ signaling, where adenosine signaling via the A2b adenosine receptor attenuates TGFβ signaling to regulate SMC homeostasis. We discuss how disruption in adenosine signaling is implicated in ACDC vessel tortuosity and could potentially contribute to other aneurysmal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A Cuevas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan Wong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pouya Joolharzadeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William J Moorhead
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire C Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jack Callahan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alex Crane
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Camille K Boufford
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelina M Parise
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aneesha Parwal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Parya Behzadi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia St Hilaire
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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57
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Dritsas E, Trigka M. Efficient Data-Driven Machine Learning Models for Cardiovascular Diseases Risk Prediction. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1161. [PMID: 36772201 PMCID: PMC9921621 DOI: 10.3390/s23031161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are now the leading cause of death, as the quality of life and human habits have changed significantly. CVDs are accompanied by various complications, including all pathological changes involving the heart and/or blood vessels. The list of pathological changes includes hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, angina, myocardial infarction and stroke. Hence, prevention and early diagnosis could limit the onset or progression of the disease. Nowadays, machine learning (ML) techniques have gained a significant role in disease prediction and are an essential tool in medicine. In this study, a supervised ML-based methodology is presented through which we aim to design efficient prediction models for CVD manifestation, highlighting the SMOTE technique's superiority. Detailed analysis and understanding of risk factors are shown to explore their importance and contribution to CVD prediction. These factors are fed as input features to a plethora of ML models, which are trained and tested to identify the most appropriate for our objective under a binary classification problem with a uniform class probability distribution. Various ML models were evaluated after the use or non-use of Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), and comparing them in terms of Accuracy, Recall, Precision and an Area Under the Curve (AUC). The experiment results showed that the Stacking ensemble model after SMOTE with 10-fold cross-validation prevailed over the other ones achieving an Accuracy of 87.8%, Recall of 88.3%, Precision of 88% and an AUC equal to 98.2%.
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Zhou J, Gummi MR, Greco A, Babic M, Herrmann J, Kandil FI, van der Giet M, Tölle M, Schuchardt M. Biomechanical Properties of the Aortic Wall: Changes during Vascular Calcification. Biomedicines 2023; 11:211. [PMID: 36672718 PMCID: PMC9855732 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification (MAC) is characterized by the deposition of hydroxyapatite (HAP) in the medial layer of the vessel wall, leading to disruption of vessel integrity and vascular stiffness. Because currently no direct therapeutic interventions for MAC are available, studying the MAC pathogenesis is of high research interest. Several methods exist to measure and describe the pathophysiological processes in the vessel wall, such as histological staining and gene expression. However, no method describing the physiological properties of the arterial wall is currently available. This study aims to close that gap and validate a method to measure the biomechanical properties of the arterial wall during vascular calcification. Therefore, a stress-stretch curve is monitored using small-vessel-myography upon ex vivo calcification of rat aortic tissue. The measurement of biomechanical properties could help to gain further insights into vessel integrity during calcification progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Zhou
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Manasa Reddy Gummi
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Greco
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Milen Babic
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaqueline Herrmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Farid I. Kandil
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Luisenstraße 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Otto-Heubner Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203 Berlin, Germany
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Atkins AD, Reardon MJ, Atkins MD. Endovascular Management of the Ascending Aorta: State of the Art. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2023; 19:29-37. [PMID: 36936356 PMCID: PMC10022529 DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endovascular stent graft repair (EVAR) has revolutionized the management of aneurysms and dissections of the thoracic and abdominal aorta and is considered the first-line treatment in such pathologies. Initially designed for patients unfit for open repair, EVAR and thoracic endovascular aortic stent graft repair are associated with improved morbidity and mortality and a faster recovery process. The endovascular revolution of the aorta continues moving proximally, with fenestrated and branch stent grafts currently in clinical trials for the management of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, and several branched thoracic devices are either approved or in trial for management of aortic arch pathologies. The final frontier in the endovascular management of the aorta is the aortic root and ascending aorta. The first early feasibility trial for management of type A aortic dissection has recently concluded with a multicenter phase 2 study slated for the spring of 2023. The following article updates the reader on the unique challenges of endovascular management of the ascending aorta and a look at the future technologies that will define this space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan D. Atkins
- Texas A&M University Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, Texas, US
| | - Michael J. Reardon
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Surgery Associates, Houston, Texas, US
| | - Marvin D. Atkins
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Surgery Associates, Houston, Texas, US
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60
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Yin Y, Huang C, Wang Z, Huang P, Qin S. Identification of cellular heterogeneity and key signaling pathways associated with vascular remodeling and calcification in young and old primate aortas based on single-cell analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:982-1003. [PMID: 36566020 PMCID: PMC10008505 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging of the vascular system is the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. The structure and function of the blood vessel wall change with aging. To prevent age-related cardiovascular diseases, it is essential to understand the cellular heterogeneity of vascular wall and changes of cellular communication among cell subpopulations during aging. Here, using published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of young and old monkey aortas, we analyzed the heterogeneity of vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in detail and identified a distinct endothelial cell subpopulation that involved in vascular remodeling and calcification. Moreover, cellular communication that changed with aging was analyzed and we identified a number of signaling pathways that associated with vascular aging. We found that EGF signaling pathway play an essential role in vascular remodeling and calcification of aged aortas. This work provided a better understanding of vascular aging and laid the foundation for prevention of age-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehu Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China.,Institute of Medicine, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zidi Wang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Pan Huang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital and Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Academy of Bio-Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei, P.R. China
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61
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Mankouski A, Miller TA, Dodson RB, Yu B, Yang Y, Liu J, Machin DR, Donato AJ, McKnight RA, Zinkhan EK. Large artery stiffening and mortality in a rat model of early vascular remodeling induced by intrauterine growth restriction and a high-fat diet. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15518. [PMID: 36461654 PMCID: PMC9718947 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) independently increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hyperlipidemia. In our previous studies, IUGR increased blood pressure and promoted vascular remodeling and stiffness in early life, a finding that persisted and was augmented by a maternal HFD through postnatal day (PND) 60. The impact of these findings with aging and the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis remain unknown. We hypothesized that the previously noted impact of IUGR on hypertension, vascular remodeling, and hyperlipidemia would persist. Adult female rats were fed either a regular diet (RD) or high fat diet (HFD) prior to conception through lactation. IUGR was induced by uterine artery ligation. Offspring were weaned to either RD or HFD through PND 365. For both control (C) and IUGR (I) and rats, this resulted in the following six groups per sex: offspring from RD dams weaned to an RD (CRR and IRR), or offspring from HFD dams weaned to either an RD (CHR and IHR) or to an HFD (CHH and IHH). IHH male and female rats had increased large artery stiffness, a suggestion of fatty streaks in the aorta, and persistent decreased elastin and increased collagen in the aorta and carotid arteries. Post-weaning HFD intake increased blood lipids regardless of IUGR status. IUGR increased HFD-induced mortality. We speculate that HFD-induced risk of CVD and mortality is potentiated by developmental programming of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas A. Miller
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Pediatric CardiologyMaine Medical CenterPortlandMaineUSA
| | - R. Blair Dodson
- Departments of Surgery and BioengineeringThe Pediatric Heart Lung Center and the Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology and the University of Colorado at Denver Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Baifeng Yu
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Yueqin Yang
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jingtong Liu
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Daniel R. Machin
- Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- GRECCVA Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Florida State UniversityDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyTallahasseeFloridaUSA
| | - Anthony J. Donato
- Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- GRECCVA Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- BiochemistryUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Erin K. Zinkhan
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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Mikagi A, Tashiro R, Inoue T, Anzawa R, Imura A, Tanigawa T, Ishida T, Inoue T, Niizuma K, Tominaga T, Usuki T. Isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS analysis of the elastin crosslinkers desmosine and isodesmosine in acute cerebral stroke patients. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31769-31777. [PMID: 36380946 PMCID: PMC9639221 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06009d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing chemically synthesized an isotopically labeled internal standard, isodesmosine-13C3,15N1, an isotope-dilution LC-MS/MS method was established. Concentrations of desmosine and isodesmosine in plasma of acute cerebral stroke patients and healthy controls were determined. The concentration of desmosines was markedly higher in plasma from acute stroke patients compared with healthy controls. Desmosines are thus novel biomarkers for evaluating the extent of vascular injury after acute cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayame Mikagi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tashiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Tomoo Inoue
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8574 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai Medical Center 2-11-12 Miyagino Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8520 Japan
| | - Riki Anzawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Akiho Imura
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanigawa
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai Medical Center 2-11-12 Miyagino Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8520 Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sendai Medical Center 2-11-12 Miyagino Miyagino-ku Sendai 983-8520 Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
- Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 1-1 Seiryo-machi Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8574 Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University 7-1 Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
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Jia Z, Mei J, Ding W, Zhao X, Gong W, Yu H, Qin L, Piao Z, Chen W, Tang L. The pathogenesis of superior mesenteric artery dissection: An in-depth study based on fluid-structure interaction and histology analysis. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 226:107187. [PMID: 36279640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of hemodynamic factors in the occurrence of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SMAD) using a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation method, and to identify histopathologic changes occurring in the wall of the SMA. METHODS A total of 122 consecutive patients diagnosed with SMAD and 122 controls were included in this study. Hemodynamic factors were calculated using a FSI simulation method. Additionally, SMA specimens obtained from 12 cadavers were stained for histological quantitative analysis. RESULTS The mean aortomesenteric angle (59.7° ± 21.4° vs 48.2° ± 16.8°; p < .001) and SMA maximum curvature (0.084 ± 0.078 mm-1 vs 0.032 ± 0.023 mm-1; p < .001) were higher in SMAD patients than the controls. Larger aortomesenteric angles and SMA curvatures were associated with higher and more concentrated wall shear stress at anterior wall of the SMA curve segment, co-located with the dissection origins. The mean thickness of media (325.18 ± 44.87 µm vs 556.92 ± 138.32 µm; p = .003) was thinner in the anterior wall of the SMA curve than in the posterior wall. The area fractions of elastin (17.96% ± 3.36% vs 27.06% ± 4.18%; p = .002) and collagen (45.43% ± 6.89% vs 55.57% ± 7.57%; p = .036) were lower in anterior wall of the SMA curve than in posterior wall. CONCLUSION Increased aortomesenteric angle and SMA curvature are risk factors for SMAD. Both of these factors can cause local hemodynamic abnormalities, which can lead to histopathologic changes in anterior wall of SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Jia
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Junhao Mei
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214023, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Central Research Institute, United Imaging Healthcare, Shanghai 201807, China
| | - Wen Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Lihao Qin
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zeyu Piao
- Department of Interventional and Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213000, China.
| | - Liming Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China.
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Ozdemir S, Yalcin-Enis I, Yalcinkaya B, Yalcinkaya F. An Investigation of the Constructional Design Components Affecting the Mechanical Response and Cellular Activity of Electrospun Vascular Grafts. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:929. [PMID: 36295688 PMCID: PMC9607146 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is anticipated to remain the leading cause of death globally. Due to the current problems connected with using autologous arteries for bypass surgery, researchers are developing tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). The major goal of vascular tissue engineering is to construct prostheses that closely resemble native blood vessels in terms of morphological, mechanical, and biological features so that these scaffolds can satisfy the functional requirements of the native tissue. In this setting, morphology and cellular investigation are usually prioritized, while mechanical qualities are generally addressed superficially. However, producing grafts with good mechanical properties similar to native vessels is crucial for enhancing the clinical performance of vascular grafts, exposing physiological forces, and preventing graft failure caused by intimal hyperplasia, thrombosis, aneurysm, blood leakage, and occlusion. The scaffold's design and composition play a significant role in determining its mechanical characteristics, including suturability, compliance, tensile strength, burst pressure, and blood permeability. Electrospun prostheses offer various models that can be customized to resemble the extracellular matrix. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and comparative review of recent studies on the mechanical properties of fibrous vascular grafts, emphasizing the influence of structural parameters on mechanical behavior. Additionally, this review provides an overview of permeability and cell growth in electrospun membranes for vascular grafts. This work intends to shed light on the design parameters required to maintain the mechanical stability of vascular grafts placed in the body to produce a temporary backbone and to be biodegraded when necessary, allowing an autologous vessel to take its place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Ozdemir
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Technologies and Design Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Beyoglu, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Yalcin-Enis
- Textile Engineering Department, Textile Technologies and Design Faculty, Istanbul Technical University, Beyoglu, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baturalp Yalcinkaya
- Department of Material Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Fatma Yalcinkaya
- Department of Environmental Technology, Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovations, Technical University of Liberec, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
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The synergistic mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 18 and integrin β1 in rat abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:415. [PMID: 36115958 PMCID: PMC9482292 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms have a high mortality rate. While surgery is the preferred treatment method, the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is being increasingly studied. We performed cellular and animal experiments to investigate the simultaneous function and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 18 and integrin β1 in the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods Endothelial and smooth muscle cells of rat arteries were used for the cellular experiments. Intracellular integrin β1 expression was regulated through lentiviral transfection. Interventions with fibroblast growth factor 18 were determined according to the experimental protocol. Several methods were used to detect the expression of elastic fiber component proteins, cell proliferation, and migratory activity of endothelial and smooth muscle cells after different treatments. For animal experiments, abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in rats by wrapping the abdominal aortae in sterile cotton balls soaked with CaCl2 solution. Fibroblast growth factor 18 was administered through tail vein injections. The local expression of integrin β1 was regulated through lentiviral injections into the adventitia of the abdominal aortic aneurysms. The abdominal aortae were harvested for pathological examinations and tensile mechanical tests. Results The expression of integrin β1 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells could be regulated effectively through lentiviral transfection. Animal and cellular experiments showed that fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 could improve the expression of elastic fiber component proteins and enhance the migratory and proliferative activities of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Moreover, animal experiments showed that fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 could enhance the aortic integrity to withstand stretch of aortic aneurysm tissue. Conclusion Fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 improved the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in rats by increasing the expression of elastic proteins, improving the migratory and proliferative abilities of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and improving aortic remodeling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02851-y.
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Diagnosing Arterial Stiffness in Pregnancy and Its Implications in the Cardio-Renal-Metabolic Chain. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12092221. [PMID: 36140621 PMCID: PMC9497660 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12092221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-renal and metabolic modifications during gestation are crucial determinants of foetal and maternal health in the short and long term. The cardio-renal metabolic syndrome is a vicious circle that starts in the presence of risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease and ageing, all predisposing to a status dominated by increased arterial stiffness and alteration of the vascular wall, which eventually damages the target organs, such as the heart and kidneys. The literature is scarce regarding cardio-renal metabolic syndrome in pregnancy cohorts. The present paper exposes the current state of the art and emphasises the most important findings of this entity, particularly in pregnant women. The early assessment of arterial function can lead to proper and individualised measures for women predisposed to hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and diabetes mellitus. This review focuses on available information regarding the assessment of arterial function during gestation, possible cut-off values, the possible predictive role for future events and modalities to reverse or control its dysfunction, a fact of crucial importance with excellent outcomes at meagre costs.
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67
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Nève G, Komulainen P, Savonen K, Hassinen M, Männikkö R, Infanger D, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Rauramaa R. Adherence to Life's simple 7 is associated with better carotid properties. Atherosclerosis 2022; 360:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Navneet S, Rohrer B. Elastin turnover in ocular diseases: A special focus on age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2022; 222:109164. [PMID: 35798060 PMCID: PMC9795808 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its turnover play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Elastin, a critical protein component of the ECM, not only provides structural and mechanical support to tissues, but also mediates several intracellular and extracellular molecular signaling pathways. Abnormal turnover of elastin has pathological implications. In the eye elastin is a major structural component of Bruch's membrane (BrM), a critical ECM structure separating the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the choriocapillaris. Reduced integrity of macular BrM elastin, increased serum levels of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs), and elevated elastin antibodies have been reported in AMD. Existing reports suggest that elastases, the elastin-degrading enzymes secreted by RPE, infiltrating macrophages or neutrophils could be involved in BrM elastin degradation, thus contributing to AMD pathogenesis. EDPs derived from elastin degradation can increase inflammatory and angiogenic responses in tissues, and the elastin antibodies are shown to play roles in immune cell activity and complement activation. This review summarizes our current understanding on the elastases/elastin fragments-mediated mechanisms of AMD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Navneet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Abstract
Protein nanomaterials are well-defined, hollow protein nanoparticles comprised of virus capsids, virus-like particles, ferritin, heat shock proteins, chaperonins and many more. Protein-based nanomaterials are formed by the self-assembly of protein subunits and have numerous desired properties as drug-delivery vehicles, including being optimally sized for endocytosis, nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and functionalized at three separate interfaces (external, internal and intersubunit). As a result, protein nanomaterials have been intensively investigated as functional entities in bionanotechnology, including drug delivery, nanoreactors and templates for organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Several variables influence efficient administration, particularly active targeting, cellular uptake, the kinetics of the release and systemic elimination. This review examines the wide range of medicines, loading/release processes, targeted therapies and treatment effectiveness.
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70
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Francis CM, Futschik ME, Huang J, Bai W, Sargurupremraj M, Teumer A, Breteler MMB, Petretto E, Ho ASR, Amouyel P, Engelter ST, Bülow R, Völker U, Völzke H, Dörr M, Imtiaz MA, Aziz NA, Lohner V, Ware JS, Debette S, Elliott P, Dehghan A, Matthews PM. Genome-wide associations of aortic distensibility suggest causality for aortic aneurysms and brain white matter hyperintensities. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4505. [PMID: 35922433 PMCID: PMC9349177 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dimensions and distensibility are key risk factors for aortic aneurysms and dissections, as well as for other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. We present genome-wide associations of ascending and descending aortic distensibility and area derived from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of up to 32,590 Caucasian individuals in UK Biobank. We identify 102 loci (including 27 novel associations) tagging genes related to cardiovascular development, extracellular matrix production, smooth muscle cell contraction and heritable aortic diseases. Functional analyses highlight four signalling pathways associated with aortic distensibility (TGF-β, IGF, VEGF and PDGF). We identify distinct sex-specific associations with aortic traits. We develop co-expression networks associated with aortic traits and apply phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR-PheWAS), generating evidence for a causal role for aortic distensibility in development of aortic aneurysms. Multivariable MR suggests a causal relationship between aortic distensibility and cerebral white matter hyperintensities, mechanistically linking aortic traits and brain small vessel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Francis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Programme in Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics, London, UK
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Matthias E Futschik
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wenjia Bai
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Monique M B Breteler
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology (IMBIE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Enrico Petretto
- Programme in Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, China Pharmaceutical University (CPU), 211198, Nanjing, China
- Computational Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda S R Ho
- Computational Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- LabEx DISTALZ-U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, University of Lille, Lille, France
- Inserm, U1167, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Stefan T Engelter
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, University Hospital and University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH - 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robin Bülow
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mohammed-Aslam Imtiaz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valerie Lohner
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Programme in Cardiovascular Genetics and Genomics, London, UK
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6NP, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stephanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team VINTAGE, UMR 1219, 33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bordeaux University Hospital - CHU Bordeaux, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research (HDR) UK London at Imperial College London, London, UK
- Britsh Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence at Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Paul M Matthews
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Kostov K, Blazhev A. Elevated IgG and IgM Autoantibodies to Advanced Glycation End Products of Vascular Elastin in Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Relevance to Disease Initiation and Progression. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:426-434. [PMID: 35997390 PMCID: PMC9396981 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased glycation of elastin is an important factor in vascular changes in diabetes. Using the ELISA method, we determined serum levels of IgM and IgG autoantibodies to advanced glycation end products of vascular elastin (anti-AGE EL IgM and anti-AGE EL IgG) in 59 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 20 healthy controls. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and the C-reactive protein (CRP) were also determined. The levels of anti-AGE EL IgM antibodies in the T2D group were similar to those in the control group, while those of anti-AGE EL IgG antibodies were significantly higher (p = 0.017). Significant positive correlations were found between the levels of anti-AGE EL IgM antibodies and MMP-2 (r = 0.322; p = 0.013) and between the levels of anti-AGE EL IgG antibodies and CRP (r = 0.265; p = 0.042). Our study showed that elevated anti-AGE EL IgG antibody levels may be an indicator of the enhanced AGE-modification and inflammatory-mediated destruction of vascular elastin in hypertensive patients with T2D. Anti-AGE EL IgM antibodies may reflect changes in vascular MMP-2 activity, and their elevated levels may be a sign of early vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimir Kostov
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University-Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-889-257-459
| | - Alexander Blazhev
- Department of Biology, Medical University-Pleven, 1 Kliment Ohridski Str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
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Vergara N, de Mier MVPR, Rodelo-Haad C, Revilla-González G, Membrives C, Díaz-Tocados JM, Martínez-Moreno JM, Torralbo AI, Herencia C, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, López-Baltanás R, Richards WG, Felsenfeld A, Almadén Y, Martin-Malo A, Ureña J, Santamaría R, Soriano S, Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. The direct effect of fibroblast growth factor 23 on vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:322-343. [PMID: 35867864 PMCID: PMC9923714 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are associated with cardiovascular mortality. The relationship between FGF23 and heart hypertrophy has been documented, however, it is not known whether FGF23 has an effect on vasculature. Vascular smooth muscle cells VSMCs may exhibit different phenotypes; our hypothesis is that FGF23 favours a switch from a contractile to synthetic phenotype that may cause vascular dysfunction. Our objective was to determine whether FGF23 may directly control a change in VSMC phenotype. METHODS This study includes in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experiments and evaluation of patients with CKD stages 2-3 studying a relationship between FGF23 and vascular dysfunction. RESULTS In vitro studies show that high levels of FGF23, by acting on its specific receptor FGFR1 and Erk1/2, causes a change in the phenotype of VSMCs from contractile to synthetic. This change is mediated by a downregulation of miR-221/222, which augments the expression of MAP3K2 and PAK1. miR-221/222 transfections recovered the contractile phenotype of VSMCs. Infusion of recombinant FGF23 to rats increased vascular wall thickness, with VSMCs showing a synthetic phenotype with a reduction of miR-221 expression. Ex-vivo studies on aortic rings demonstrate also that high FGF23 increases arterial stiffening. In CKD 2-3 patients, elevation of FGF23 was associated with increased pulse wave velocity and reduced plasma levels of miR-221/222. CONCLUSION In VSMCs, high levels of FGF23, through the downregulation of miR-221/222, causes a change to a synthetic phenotype. This change in VSMCs increases arterial stiffening and impairs vascular function, which might ultimately worsen cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gonzalo Revilla-González
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departemento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cristina Membrives
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan M Díaz-Tocados
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Julio M Martínez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ana I Torralbo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Herencia
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Rodrigo López-Baltanás
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Arnold Felsenfeld
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System and the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,Internal Medicine Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre consortium for the area of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martin-Malo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain,Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and the European Uremic Toxins group
| | - Juan Ureña
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Departemento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Sagrario Soriano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain,University of Cordoba, Spain,Nephrology Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Cordoba, Spain,Spanish Renal Research Network (REDinREN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and the European Uremic Toxins group
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73
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Zhu J, Wang Y, Rivett A, Li H, Wu L, Wang R, Yang G. Deficiency of cystathionine gamma-lyase promotes aortic elastolysis and medial degeneration in aged mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 171:30-44. [PMID: 35843061 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of elastin by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) leads to the permanent dilation of aortic wall and constitutes the most prominent characters of aortic aneurysm and aging-related medial degeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a gasotransmitter exhibits a wide variety of cardio-protective functions through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions. Cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) is a main H2S-generating enzyme in cardiovascular system. The regulatory roles of CSE/H2S system on elastin homeostasis and blood vessel degeneration have not yet been explored. Here we found that aged CSE knockout mice had severe aortic dilation and elastic degradation in abdominal aorta and were more sensitive to angiotensin II-induced aortic elastolysis and medial degeneration. Administration of NaHS would protect the mice from angiotensin II-induced inflammation, gelatinolytic activity, elastin fragmentation, and aortic dilation. In addition, human aortic aneurysm samples had higher inflammatory infiltration and lower expression of CSE. In cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs), TNFα-induced MMP2/9 hyperactivity and elastolysis could be attenuated by exogenously applied NaHS or CSE overexpression while further deteriorated by complete knockout of CSE. It was further found that H2S inhibited MMP2 transcription by posttranslational modification of Sp1 via S-sulfhydration. H2S also directly suppressed MMP hyperactivity by S-sulfhydrating the cysteine switch motif. Taken together, this study revealed the involvement of CSE/H2S system in the pathogenesis of aortic elastolysis and medial degeneration by maintaining the inactive form of MMPs, suggesting that CSE/H2S system can be a target for the prevention of age-related medial degeneration and treatment of aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Yuehong Wang
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Alexis Rivett
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Hongzhu Li
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Natural Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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74
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Horný L, Roubalová L, Kronek J, Chlup H, Adámek T, Blanková A, Petřivý Z, Suchý T, Tichý P. Correlation between age, location, orientation, loading velocity and delamination strength in the human aorta. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 133:105340. [PMID: 35785636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aortic dissection is a biomechanical phenomenon associated with a failure of internal cohesion, which manifests itself through the delamination of the aortic wall. The goal of this study is to deepen our knowledge of the delamination strength of the aorta. To achieve this, 661 peeling experiments were carried out with strips of the human aorta collected from 46 cadavers. The samples were ordered into groups with respect to (1) anatomical location, (2) orientation of the sample, and (3) extension rate used within the experiment. The obtained results are in accordance with the hypothesis that delamination resistance is not sensitive to the extension rates 0.1, 1, 10, and 50 mms-1. We arrived at this conclusion for all positions along the aorta investigated in our study. These were the thoracic ascending (AAs), thoracic descending (ADs), and the abdominal aorta (AAb), simultaneously considering both the longitudinal (L) as well as the circumferential (C) orientations of the samples. On the other hand, our results showed that the delamination strength differs significantly with respect to the anatomical position and orientation of the sample. The medians of the delamination strength were as follows, 4.1 in AAs-L, 3.2 in AAs-C, 3.1 in ADs-L, 2.4 in ADs-C, AAb-L in 3.6, and 2.7 in AAb-C case (all values are in 0.01·Nmm-1). This suggests that resistance to crack propagation should be an anisotropic property and that the aorta is inhomogeneous along its length from the point of view of delamination resistance. Finally, correlation analysis proved that the delamination strength of the human aorta significantly decreases with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Horný
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Roubalová
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Kronek
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Chlup
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Adámek
- Regional Hospital Liberec, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Husova 357/10, 460 63, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Alžběta Blanková
- Regional Hospital Liberec, Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Husova 357/10, 460 63, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Petřivý
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Suchý
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, V Holešovičkách 94/41, 182 09, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tichý
- Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 160 00, Prague, Czech Republic
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S S, Dahal S, Bastola S, Dayal S, Yau J, Ramamurthi A. Stem Cell Based Approaches to Modulate the Matrix Milieu in Vascular Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879977. [PMID: 35783852 PMCID: PMC9242410 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) represents a complex and dynamic framework for cells, characterized by tissue-specific biophysical, mechanical, and biochemical properties. ECM components in vascular tissues provide structural support to vascular cells and modulate their function through interaction with specific cell-surface receptors. ECM–cell interactions, together with neurotransmitters, cytokines, hormones and mechanical forces imposed by blood flow, modulate the structural organization of the vascular wall. Changes in the ECM microenvironment, as in post-injury degradation or remodeling, lead to both altered tissue function and exacerbation of vascular pathologies. Regeneration and repair of the ECM are thus critical toward reinstating vascular homeostasis. The self-renewal and transdifferentiating potential of stem cells (SCs) into other cell lineages represents a potentially useful approach in regenerative medicine, and SC-based approaches hold great promise in the development of novel therapeutics toward ECM repair. Certain adult SCs, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), possess a broader plasticity and differentiation potential, and thus represent a viable option for SC-based therapeutics. However, there are significant challenges to SC therapies including, but not limited to cell processing and scaleup, quality control, phenotypic integrity in a disease milieu in vivo, and inefficient delivery to the site of tissue injury. SC-derived or -inspired strategies as a putative surrogate for conventional cell therapy are thus gaining momentum. In this article, we review current knowledge on the patho-mechanistic roles of ECM components in common vascular disorders and the prospects of developing adult SC based/inspired therapies to modulate the vascular tissue environment and reinstate vessel homeostasis in these disorders.
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76
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Li X, Liu X, Liang Y, Deng X, Fan Y. Spatiotemporal changes of local hemodynamics and plaque components during atherosclerotic progression in rabbit. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 220:106814. [PMID: 35523025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Recent evidence demonstrates that the atherogenic process is discontinuous. Our goal is to study changes of plaque components and local hemodynamics during atherosclerotic progression. METHODS The histological and immunohistochemical staining of high-fat diet rabbit aorta were evaluated at 0, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, respectively. In addition, the blood flow and LDL transport were simulated at the above four time points. RESULTS The plaque thickness at different characteristic regions increased at different rates. The collagen continued to increase, while the elastin, fibronectin, macrophages and smooth muscle cells increased first and then decreased. The relative surface LDL concentration decreased at 8 weeks, and then it increased first and decreased slightly. Meanwhile, the hemodynamic environment became better firstly at 8 weeks, then got slightly worse and lastly improved again. CONCLUSIONS The local hemodynamics and plaque components vary nonlinearly during atherosclerotic progression in rabbit aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ye Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Chinese Education Ministry, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
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77
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Schmitt PR, Dwyer KD, Coulombe KLK. Current Applications of Polycaprolactone as a Scaffold Material for Heart Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:2461-2480. [PMID: 35623101 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in treatments for cardiovascular disease, heart failure (HF) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. A significant factor contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases into HF is the loss of functioning cardiomyocytes. The recent growth in the field of cardiac tissue engineering has the potential to not only reduce the downstream effects of injured tissues on heart function and longevity but also re-engineer cardiac function through regeneration of contractile tissue. One leading strategy to accomplish this is via a cellularized patch that can be surgically implanted onto a diseased heart. A key area of this field is the use of tissue scaffolds to recapitulate the mechanical and structural environment of the native heart and thus promote engineered myocardium contractility and function. While the strong mechanical properties and anisotropic structural organization of the native heart can be largely attributed to a robust extracellular matrix, similar strength and organization has proven to be difficult to achieve in cultured tissues. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an emerging contender to fill these gaps in fabricating scaffolds that mimic the mechanics and structure of the native heart. In the field of cardiovascular engineering, PCL has recently begun to be studied as a scaffold for regenerating the myocardium due to its facile fabrication, desirable mechanical, chemical, and biocompatible properties, and perhaps most importantly, biodegradability, which make it suitable for regenerating and re-engineering function to the heart after disease or injury. This review focuses on the application of PCL as a scaffold specifically in myocardium repair and regeneration and outlines current fabrication approaches, properties, and possibilities of PCL incorporation into engineered myocardium, as well as provides suggestions for future directions and a roadmap toward clinical translation of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R Schmitt
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kiera D Dwyer
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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78
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Marôco JL, Pinto M, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Flow-mediated slowing shows poor repeatability compared with flow-mediated dilation in non-invasive assessment of brachial artery endothelial function. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267287. [PMID: 35609038 PMCID: PMC9129018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulse wave velocity (PWV) deceleration to reactive hyperemia–flow-mediated slowing (FMS)–has been suggested as an alternative method to flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to evaluate brachial artery endothelial function. FMS is suggested to address major caveats of the FMD procedure including its suboptimal repeatability and high-operator dependency. However, the repeatability of FMS has not been thoroughly examined, especially given the plethora of methods claiming to measure PWV. We assessed and compared the intra- and inter-day repeatability of FMS as measured by piezoelectric pressure mechanotransducers placed in the carotid and radial arteries, and brachial artery FMD as measured by echo-tracking. Twenty-four healthy male participants aged 23–75 yr, were examined on three separate days to assess intra and inter-day repeatability. All FMD and FMS examinations were conducted simultaneously by the same researcher complying with standardized guidelines. Repeatability was examined with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; >0.80), coefficient of variation (CV; <15%), and limits of agreement (95% LOA). Relative (%) FMD and FMS were scaled for baseline brachial artery diameter and PWV, respectively. Intra- (ICC: 0.72; CV: 136%; 95% LOA: -19.38 to 29.19%) and Inter-day (ICC: 0.69; CV: 145%, 95% LOA: -49.50 to 46.08%) repeatability of %FMS was poor, whereas %FMD demonstrated moderate-to-good intra- (ICC: 0.93; CV: 18%, 95% LOA: -3.02 to 3.75%) and inter-day repeatability (ICC: 0.74; CV: 25%, 95% LOA: -9.16 to 7.04%). Scaling FMD reduced the intra-day CV (-5%), and the uncertainty of the 95% LOA (- 37.64 to 35.69%) estimates of FMS. Carotid-radial artery FMS showed poorer repeatability compared to FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Marôco
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Marco Pinto
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Xavier Melo
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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79
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Montavon B, Winter LE, Gan Q, Arasteh A, Montaño AM. Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA: Extracellular Matrix Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:829111. [PMID: 35620518 PMCID: PMC9127057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IVA (Morquio A), signified by valvular disease and cardiac hypertrophy, is the second leading cause of death and remains untouched by current therapies. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the gold-standard treatment for MPS disorders including Morquio A. Early administration of ERT improves outcomes of patients from childhood to adulthood while posing new challenges including prognosis of CVD and ERT's negligible effect on cardiovascular health. Thus, having accurate biomarkers for CVD could be critical. Here we show that cathepsin S (CTSS) and elastin (ELN) can be used as biomarkers of extracellular matrix remodeling in Morquio A disease. We found in a cohort of 54 treatment naïve Morquio A patients and 74 normal controls that CTSS shows promising attributes as a biomarker in young Morquio A children. On the other hand, ELN shows promising attributes as a biomarker in adolescent and adult Morquio A. Plasma/urine keratan sulfate (KS), and urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels were significantly higher in Morquio A patients (p < 0.001) which decreased with age of patients. CTSS levels did not correlate with patients' phenotypic severity but differed significantly between patients (median range 5.45-8.52 ng/mL) and normal controls (median range 9.61-15.9 ng/mL; p < 0.001). We also studied α -2-macroglobulin (A2M), C-reactive protein (CRP), and circulating vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) in a subset of samples to understand the relation between ECM biomarkers and the severity of CVD in Morquio A patients. Our experiments revealed that CRP and sVCAM-1 levels were lower in Morquio A patients compared to normal controls. We also observed a strong inverse correlation between urine/plasma KS and CRP (p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) in Morquio A patients as well as a moderate correlation between sVCAM-1 and CTSS in Morquio A patients at all ages (p = 0.03). As the first study to date investigating CTSS and ELN levels in Morquio A patients and in the normal population, our results establish a starting point for more elaborate studies in larger populations to understand how CTSS and ELN levels correlate with Morquio A severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Montavon
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Linda E. Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Qi Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Adriana M. Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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80
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Lin CJ, Cocciolone AJ, Wagenseil JE. Elastin, arterial mechanics, and stenosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C875-C886. [PMID: 35196168 PMCID: PMC9037699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is a long-lived extracellular matrix protein that is organized into elastic fibers that provide elasticity to the arterial wall, allowing stretch and recoil with each cardiac cycle. By forming lamellar units with smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers transduce tissue-level mechanics to cell-level changes through mechanobiological signaling. Altered amounts or assembly of elastic fibers leads to changes in arterial structure and mechanical behavior that compromise cardiovascular function. In particular, genetic mutations in the elastin gene (ELN) that reduce elastin protein levels are associated with focal arterial stenosis, or narrowing of the arterial lumen, such as that seen in supravalvular aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome. Global reduction of Eln levels in mice allows investigation of the tissue- and cell-level arterial mechanical changes and associated alterations in smooth muscle cell phenotype that may contribute to stenosis formation. A loxP-floxed Eln allele in mice highlights cell type- and developmental origin-specific mechanobiological effects of reduced elastin amounts. Eln production is required in distinct cell types for elastic layer formation in different parts of the mouse vasculature. Eln deletion in smooth muscle cells from different developmental origins in the ascending aorta leads to characteristic patterns of vascular stenosis and neointima. Dissecting the mechanobiological signaling associated with local Eln depletion and subsequent smooth muscle cell response may help develop new therapeutic interventions for elastin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri,2Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin J. Cocciolone
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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Anghel R, Adam CA, Marcu DTM, Mitu O, Roca M, Tinica G, Mitu F. Cardiac Rehabilitation in Peripheral Artery Disease in a Tertiary Center-Impact on Arterial Stiffness and Functional Status after 6 Months. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040601. [PMID: 35455092 PMCID: PMC9024562 DOI: 10.3390/life12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays an essential role in peripheral artery disease (PAD), leading to improved functional status, increased quality of life, and reduced arterial stiffness. We aimed to assess factors associated with clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a rehabilitation program at an academic medical center in north-eastern Europe. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study on 97 patients with PAD admitted to a single tertiary referral center. At the 6-months follow-up, 75 patients (77.3%) showed improved clinical status. We analyzed demographics and clinical and paraclinical parameters in order to explore factors associated with a favorable outcome. Results: Hypertension (p = 0.002), diabetes mellitus (p = 0.002), dyslipidemia (p = 0.045), and obesity (p = 0.564) were associated with no clinical improvement. Smoking cessation (p < 0.001), changing sedentary lifestyle (p = 0.032), and improvement of lipid and carbohydrate profile as well as functional status parameters and ambulatory arterial stiffness index (p = 0.008) were factors associated with clinical improvement at the 6-months follow-up. Conclusions: PAD patients require an integrative, multidisciplinary management to maintain functional status and increase quality of life. Improving carbohydrate and lipid profile, adopting a healthy lifestyle, quitting smoking and increasing exercise capacity are predictors for clinical improvement 6 months after enrolment in a CR program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Anghel
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Cristina Andreea Adam
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Dragos Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- “Sf. Spiridon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Independence Boulevard nr 1, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai Roca
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Grigore Tinica
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic, Pantelimon Halipa Street nr 14, 700661 Iași, Romania; (R.A.); (C.A.A.); (M.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, University Street nr 16, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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Rastogi V, Stefens SJM, Houwaart J, Verhagen HJM, de Bruin JL, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814123. [PMID: 35492343 PMCID: PMC9051391 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinamr Rastogi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne J. M. Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Houwaart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hence J. M. Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorg L. de Bruin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen Essers
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83
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Banik S, Uchil A, Kalsang T, Chakrabarty S, Ali MA, Srisungsitthisunti P, Mahato KK, Surdo S, Mazumder N. The revolution of PDMS microfluidics in cellular biology. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:465-483. [PMID: 35410564 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2034733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics is revolutionizing the way research on cellular biology has been traditionally conducted. The ability to control the cell physicochemical environment by adjusting flow conditions, while performing cellular analysis at single-cell resolution and high-throughput, has made microfluidics the ideal choice to replace traditional in vitro models. However, such a revolution only truly started with the advent of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a microfluidic structural material and soft-lithography as a rapid manufacturing technology. Indeed, before the "PDMS age," microfluidic technologies were: costly, time-consuming and, more importantly, accessible only to specialized laboratories and users. The simplicity of molding PDMS in various shapes along with its inherent properties (transparency, biocompatibility, and gas permeability) has spread the applications of innovative microfluidic devices to diverse and important biological fields and clinical studies. This review highlights how PDMS-based microfluidic systems are innovating pre-clinical biological research on cells and organs. These devices were able to cultivate different cell lines, enhance the sensitivity and diagnostic effectiveness of numerous cell-based assays by maintaining consistent chemical gradients, utilizing and detecting the smallest number of analytes while being high-throughput. This review will also assist in identifying the pitfalls in current PDMS-based microfluidic systems to facilitate breakthroughs and advancements in healthcare research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ashwini Uchil
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tenzin Kalsang
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Md Azahar Ali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pornsak Srisungsitthisunti
- Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Salvatore Surdo
- Department of Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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84
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Liu Y, Chen C, Xie X, Yuan H, Tang Z, Qian T, Liu Y, Song M, Liu S, Lu T, Wu Z. Photooxidation and Pentagalloyl Glucose Cross-Linking Improves the Performance of Decellularized Small-Diameter Vascular Xenograft In Vivo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:816513. [PMID: 35402413 PMCID: PMC8987116 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.816513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-diameter vascular grafts have a significant need in peripheral vascular surgery and procedures of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG); however, autografts are not always available, synthetic grafts perform poorly, and allografts and xenografts dilate, calcify, and induce inflammation after implantation. We hypothesized that cross-linking of decellularized xenogeneic vascular grafts would improve the mechanical properties and biocompatibility and reduce inflammation, degradation, and calcification in vivo. To test this hypothesis, the bovine internal mammary artery (BIMA) was decellularized by detergents and ribozymes with sonication and perfusion. Photooxidation and pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) were used to cross-link the collagen and elastin fibers of decellularized xenografts. Modified grafts’ characteristics and biocompatibility were studied in vitro and in vivo; the grafts were implanted as transposition grafts in the subcutaneous of rats and the abdominal aorta of rabbits. The decellularized grafts were cross-linked by photooxidation and PGG, which improved the grafts’ biomechanical properties and biocompatibility, prevented elastic fibers from early degradation, and reduced inflammation and calcification in vivo. Short-term aortic implants in the rabbits showed collagen regeneration and differentiation of host smooth muscle cells. No occlusion and stenosis occurred due to remodeling and stabilization of the neointima. A good patency rate (100%) was maintained. Notably, implantation of non-treated grafts exhibited marked thrombosis, an inflammatory response, calcification, and elastin degeneration. Thus, photooxidation and PGG cross-linking are potential tools for improving grafts’ biological performance within decellularized small-diameter vascular xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinlong Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haoyong Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yalin Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingzhe Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
| | - Zhongshi Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Lu, ; Zhongshi Wu,
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85
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Gkousioudi A, Yu X, Ferruzzi J, Qian J, Wainford RD, Seta F, Zhang Y. Biomechanical Properties of Mouse Carotid Arteries With Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome and Aging. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:862996. [PMID: 35392404 PMCID: PMC8980683 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.862996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Arteries gradually stiffen with aging; however, it can be worsened by the presence of conditions associated with metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of diet-induced metabolic syndrome and aging on the biomechanical properties of mouse common carotid arteries (CCA). Male mice at 2 months of age were fed a normal or a high fat and high sucrose (HFHS) diet for 2 (young group), 8 (adult group) and 18-20 (old group) months. CCAs were excised and subjected to in vitro biaxial inflation-extension tests and the Cauchy stress-stretch relationships were determined in both the circumferential and longitudinal directions. The elastic energy storage of CCAs was obtained using a four-fiber family constitutive model, while the material stiffness in the circumferential and longitudinal directions was computed. Our study showed that aging is a dominant factor affecting arterial remodeling in the adult and old mice, to a similar extent, with stiffening manifested with a significantly reduced capability of energy storage by ∼50% (p < 0.05) and decreases in material stiffness and stress (p < 0.05), regardless of diet. On the other hand, high fat high sucrose diet resulted in an accelerated arterial remodeling in the young group at pre-diabetic stage by affecting the circumferential material stiffness and stress (p < 0.05), which was eventually overshadowed by aging progression. These findings have important implications on the effects of metabolic syndrome on elastic arteries in the younger populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gkousioudi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xunjie Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacopo Ferruzzi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Juncheng Qian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard D. Wainford
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francesca Seta
- Vascular Biology Section, The Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yanhang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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86
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Winther SV, Ahmed D, Al-Shuweli S, Landt EM, Nordestgaard BG, Seersholm N, Dahl M. Severe α 1-antitrypsin deficiency associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of ischemic heart disease: a cohort study of 91,540 individuals and a meta-analysis. Respir Res 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 35264159 PMCID: PMC8905778 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased elastase activity in α1-antitrypsin deficiency may affect elasticity of the arterial walls, and thereby blood pressure and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency is associated with reduced blood pressure and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. Methods We genotyped 91,353 adults randomly selected from the Danish general population and 187 patients from the Danish α1-Antitrypsin Deficiency Registry and recorded baseline blood pressure, baseline plasma lipids and cardiovascular events during follow-up. 185 participants carried the ZZ genotype, 207 carried the SZ genotype and 91,148 carried the MM genotype. Results α1-Antitrypsin deficiency was associated with decreases in blood pressure of up to 5 mmHg for systolic blood pressure and up to 2 mmHg for diastolic blood pressure, in ZZ vs SZ vs MM individuals (trend test, P’s ≤ 0.01). Plasma triglycerides and remnant cholesterol were reduced in ZZ individuals compared with MM individuals (t-test, P’s < 0.001). α1-Antitrypsin deficiency was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction (trend test P = 0.03), but not with ischemic heart disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease or hypertension (trend test, P’s ≥ 0.59). However, when results for ischemic heart disease were summarized in meta-analysis with results from four previous studies, individuals with versus without α1-antitrypsin deficiency had an odds ratio for ischemic heart disease of 0.66 (95% CI:0.53–0.84). Conclusions Individuals with severe α1-antitrypsin deficiency have lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lower plasma triglycerides and remnant cholesterol, reduced risk of myocardial infarction, and a 34% reduced risk of ischemic heart disease. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01973-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine Voss Winther
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dunia Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Suzan Al-Shuweli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Eskild Morten Landt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Seersholm
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark. .,The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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87
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Bandzerewicz A, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell-cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
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88
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Malka K, Liaw L. NOTCH3 as a modulator of vascular disease: a target in elastin deficiency and arterial pathologies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:157007. [PMID: 35229725 PMCID: PMC8884893 DOI: 10.1172/jci157007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During blood vessel disease, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) expansion and interaction with the matrix trigger changes in gene expression and phenotype. In this issue of the JCI, Dave et al. discover a signaling network that drives VSMC expansion and vascular obstruction caused by elastin insufficiency. Using a combination of gene-targeted mice, tissues and cells from patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome, and targeting of elastin in human VSMCs, the authors identified VSMC-derived NOTCH3 signaling as a critical mediator of aortic hypermuscularization and loss of vascular patency. NOTCH3-specific therapies or therapies that target downstream molecular pathways may provide opportunities to minimize VSMC growth and treat cardiovascular disease with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Malka
- Maine Medical Partners Vascular Surgery and.,Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, MaineHealth, Scarborough, Maine, USA
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89
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Zhong X, Luo Y, Zhou D, Liu M, Zhou J, Xu R, Zeng S. Maturation Fetus Ascending Aorta Elastic Properties: Circumferential Strain and Longitudinal Strain by Velocity Vector Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840494. [PMID: 35295253 PMCID: PMC8918822 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the circumferential and longitudinal strain of the fetal ascending aortic (AA) wall and establish a gestational age-associated longitudinal reference for aortic wall strain during the second half of pregnancy.MethodsSingleton fetuses with gestational age (GA) at 20 + 0 to 24 + 6 weeks were prospectively collected from a low-risk population. Global circumferential strain (GCS) and mean longitudinal strain (MLS) of the ascending aorta were measured serially at 4-week intervals using the velocity vector imaging (VVI) technique. Fractional polynomials were conducted to obtain the best-fitting curves between GA and AA strains. GA-specific reference percentiles of GCS and MLS were established by multilevel modeling.ResultsA total of 223 fetuses with a total of 1,127 serial observations were enrolled. GCS presented a second-degree fractional polynomial smoothing regression along GA (R2 = 0.635, P < 0.05). Fetal aortic GCS remained unchanged at ~27.29% (20.36–35.6%) before 31 weeks and increased significantly from 31.36% (26.38–37.12%) at 31 weeks to 43.29% (30.5–56.78%) at term. MLS presented a third-degree fractional polynomial smoothing regression along GA (R2 = 0.465, P < 0.05). MLS remained steady at ~10.03% (3.28–17.62%) between 20 and 31 weeks and then increased significantly from 12.68% (7.42–20.1%) at 32 weeks to 17.5% (9.67–25.34%) at term. The GCS was significantly higher than the MLS in the ascending aorta wall (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe fetal ascending aorta wall demonstrates obviously greater circumferential strain than longitudinal strain. Both strains remained steady before the late trimester and then gradually increased until delivery, suggesting progressive maturation of aortic elasticity mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yuanchen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Ran Xu
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Zeng
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90
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Mammoto A, Matus K, Mammoto T. Extracellular Matrix in Aging Aorta. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:822561. [PMID: 35265616 PMCID: PMC8898904 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.822561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging population is booming all over the world and arterial aging causes various age-associated pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aorta is the largest elastic artery, and transforms pulsatile flow generated by the left ventricle into steady flow to maintain circulation in distal tissues and organs. Age-associated structural and functional changes in the aortic wall such as dilation, tortuousness, stiffening and losing elasticity hamper stable peripheral circulation, lead to tissue and organ dysfunctions in aged people. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network of macromolecules produced by resident cells. The composition and organization of key ECM components determine the structure-function relationships of the aorta and therefore maintaining their homeostasis is critical for a healthy performance. Age-associated remodeling of the ECM structural components, including fragmentation of elastic fibers and excessive deposition and crosslinking of collagens, is a hallmark of aging and leads to functional stiffening of the aorta. In this mini review, we discuss age-associated alterations of the ECM in the aortic wall and shed light on how understanding the mechanisms of aortic aging can lead to the development of efficient strategy for aortic pathologies and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Akiko Mammoto, ; Tadanori Mammoto,
| | - Kienna Matus
- Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Tadanori Mammoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Akiko Mammoto, ; Tadanori Mammoto,
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91
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Shaw K, Boyd K, Anderle S, Hammond-Haley M, Amin D, Bonnar O, Hall CN. Gradual Not Sudden Change: Multiple Sites of Functional Transition Across the Microvascular Bed. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:779823. [PMID: 35237142 PMCID: PMC8885127 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.779823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In understanding the role of the neurovascular unit as both a biomarker and target for disease interventions, it is vital to appreciate how the function of different components of this unit change along the vascular tree. The cells of the neurovascular unit together perform an array of vital functions, protecting the brain from circulating toxins and infection, while providing nutrients and clearing away waste products. To do so, the brain's microvasculature dilates to direct energy substrates to active neurons, regulates access to circulating immune cells, and promotes angiogenesis in response to decreased blood supply, as well as pulsating to help clear waste products and maintain the oxygen supply. Different parts of the cerebrovascular tree contribute differently to various aspects of these functions, and previously, it has been assumed that there are discrete types of vessel along the vascular network that mediate different functions. Another option, however, is that the multiple transitions in function that occur across the vascular network do so at many locations, such that vascular function changes gradually, rather than in sharp steps between clearly distinct vessel types. Here, by reference to new data as well as by reviewing historical and recent literature, we argue that this latter scenario is likely the case and that vascular function gradually changes across the network without clear transition points between arteriole, precapillary arteriole and capillary. This is because classically localized functions are in fact performed by wide swathes of the vasculature, and different functional markers start and stop being expressed at different points along the vascular tree. Furthermore, vascular branch points show alterations in their mural cell morphology that suggest functional specializations irrespective of their position within the network. Together this work emphasizes the need for studies to consider where transitions of different functions occur, and the importance of defining these locations, in order to better understand the vascular network and how to target it to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Shaw
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Boyd
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Anderle
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davina Amin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Bonnar
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown Navy Yard, MA, United States
| | - Catherine N. Hall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
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92
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Kalyanasundaram A, Elefteriades J. The Genetics of Inheritable Aortic Diseases. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-022-00687-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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93
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Guang Y, Cocciolone AJ, Crandall CL, Johnston BB, Setton LA, Wagenseil JE. A multiphasic model for determination of water and solute transport across the arterial wall: effects of elastic fiber defects. ARCHIVE OF APPLIED MECHANICS = INGENIEUR-ARCHIV 2022; 92:447-459. [PMID: 35386426 PMCID: PMC8983017 DOI: 10.1007/s00419-021-01985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Transport of solute across the arterial wall is a process driven by both convection and diffusion. In disease, the elastic fibers in the arterial wall are disrupted and lead to altered fluid and mass transport kinetics. A computational mixture model was used to numerically match previously published data of fluid and solute permeation experiments in groups of mouse arteries with genetic (knockout of fibulin-5) or chemical (treatment with elastase) disruption of elastic fibers. A biphasic model of fluid permeation indicated the governing property to be the hydraulic permeability, which was estimated to be 1.52×10-9, 1.01×10-8, and 1.07×10-8 mm4/μN.s for control, knockout, and elastase groups, respectively. A multiphasic model incorporating solute transport was used to estimate effective diffusivities that were dependent on molecular weight, consistent with expected transport behaviors in multiphasic biological tissues. The effective diffusivity for the 4 kDA FITC-dextran solute, but not the 70 or 150 kDa FITC-dextran solutes, was dependent on elastic fiber structure, with increasing values from control to knockout to elastase groups, suggesting that elastic fiber disruption affects transport of lower molecular weight solutes. The model used here sets the groundwork for future work investigating transport through the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Guang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin J Cocciolone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christie L Crandall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Benjamin B Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lori A Setton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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94
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Zhang S, Laubrie JD, Mousavi SJ, Avril S. 3D finite-element modeling of vascular adaptation after endovascular aneurysm repair. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3547. [PMID: 34719114 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysm shrinkage is clinically observed after successful endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). However, global understanding of post-operative aneurysm evolutions remains weak. In this work, we propose to study these effects using numerical simulation. We set up a 3D finite-element model of post-EVAR vascular adaptation within an open-source finite-element code, which was initially developed for growth and remodeling (G&R). We modeled the endograft with a set of uniaxial prestrained springs that apply radial forces on the inner surface of the artery. Constitutive equations, momentum balance equations, and equations related to the mechanobiology of the artery were formulated based on the homogenized constrained mixture theory. We performed a sensitivity analysis by varying different selected parameters, namely oversizing and compliance of the stent-graft, gain parameters related to collagen G&R, and the residual pressure in the aneurysm sac. This permitted us to evaluate how each factor influences post-EVAR vascular adaptation. It was found that oversizing, compliance or gain parameters have a limited influence compared to that of the residual pressure in the aneurysm sac, which was found to play a critical role in the stability of aneurysm after stent-graft implantation. An excessive residual pressure larger than 50 mmHg can induce a continuous expansion of the aneurysm while a moderate residual pressure below this critical threshold yields continuous shrinkage of the aneurysm. Moreover, it was found that elderly patients, with relatively lower amounts of remnant elastin in the arterial wall, are more sensitive to the effect of residual pressure. Therefore, these results show that elderly patients may present a higher potential risk of aortic sac expansion due to intra-aneurysm sac pressure after EVAR than younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Zhang
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Joan D Laubrie
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - S Jamaleddin Mousavi
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Stéphane Avril
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne, France
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95
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Liyanage L, Musto L, Budgeon C, Rutty G, Biggs M, Saratzis A, Vorp DA, Vavourakis V, Bown M, Tsamis A. Multimodal structural analysis of the human aorta: from valve to bifurcation. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 63:721-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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96
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Karakaya C, van Asten JGM, Ristori T, Sahlgren CM, Loerakker S. Mechano-regulated cell-cell signaling in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:5-54. [PMID: 34613528 PMCID: PMC8807458 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-021-01521-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular tissue engineering (CVTE) aims to create living tissues, with the ability to grow and remodel, as replacements for diseased blood vessels and heart valves. Despite promising results, the (long-term) functionality of these engineered tissues still needs improvement to reach broad clinical application. The functionality of native tissues is ensured by their specific mechanical properties directly arising from tissue organization. We therefore hypothesize that establishing a native-like tissue organization is vital to overcome the limitations of current CVTE approaches. To achieve this aim, a better understanding of the growth and remodeling (G&R) mechanisms of cardiovascular tissues is necessary. Cells are the main mediators of tissue G&R, and their behavior is strongly influenced by both mechanical stimuli and cell-cell signaling. An increasing number of signaling pathways has also been identified as mechanosensitive. As such, they may have a key underlying role in regulating the G&R of tissues in response to mechanical stimuli. A more detailed understanding of mechano-regulated cell-cell signaling may thus be crucial to advance CVTE, as it could inspire new methods to control tissue G&R and improve the organization and functionality of engineered tissues, thereby accelerating clinical translation. In this review, we discuss the organization and biomechanics of native cardiovascular tissues; recent CVTE studies emphasizing the obtained engineered tissue organization; and the interplay between mechanical stimuli, cell behavior, and cell-cell signaling. In addition, we review past contributions of computational models in understanding and predicting mechano-regulated tissue G&R and cell-cell signaling to highlight their potential role in future CVTE strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Karakaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jordy G M van Asten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Ristori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia M Sahlgren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biosciences, Åbo Akademi, Turku, Finland
| | - Sandra Loerakker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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97
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Sun C, Yang X, Wang T, Cheng M, Han Y. Ovarian Biomechanics: From Health to Disease. Front Oncol 2022; 11:744257. [PMID: 35070963 PMCID: PMC8776636 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomechanics is a physical phenomenon which mainly related with deformation and movement of life forms. As a mechanical signal, it participates in the growth and development of many tissues and organs, including ovary. Mechanical signals not only participate in multiple processes in the ovary but also play a critical role in ovarian growth and normal physiological functions. Additionally, the involvement of mechanical signals has been found in ovarian cancer and other ovarian diseases, prompting us to focus on the roles of mechanical signals in the process of ovarian health to disease. This review mainly discusses the effects and signal transduction of biomechanics (including elastic force, shear force, compressive stress and tensile stress) in ovarian development as a regulatory signal, as well as in the pathological process of normal ovarian diseases and cancer. This review also aims to provide new research ideas for the further research and treatment of ovarian-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Physiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- School of Life Science and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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98
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Kauser K, Warner KS, Anderson B, Keyes ED, Hayes RB, Kawamoto E, Perkins DH, Scott R, Isaacson J, Haberer B, Spaans A, Utecht R, Hauser H, Roberts AG, Greenberg M. Creating a Natural Vascular Scaffold by Photochemical Treatment of the Extracellular Matrix for Vascular Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020683. [PMID: 35054866 PMCID: PMC8775700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of bioscaffolds for cardiovascular medical applications, such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), remains to be a challenge for tissue engineering. PAD is an increasingly common and serious cardiovascular illness characterized by progressive atherosclerotic stenosis, resulting in decreased blood perfusion to the lower extremities. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stent placement are routinely performed on these patients with suboptimal outcomes. Natural Vascular Scaffolding (NVS) is a novel treatment in the development for PAD, which offers an alternative to stenting by building on the natural structural constituents in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the blood vessel wall. During NVS treatment, blood vessels are exposed to a photoactivatable small molecule (10-8-10 Dimer) delivered locally to the vessel wall via an angioplasty balloon. When activated with 450 nm wavelength light, this therapy induces the formation of covalent protein–protein crosslinks of the ECM proteins by a photochemical mechanism, creating a natural scaffold. This therapy has the potential to reduce the need for stent placement by maintaining a larger diameter post-angioplasty and minimizing elastic recoil. Experiments were conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of NVS, including the molecular mechanism of light activation and the impact of NVS on the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Kauser
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-415-527-9892
| | - Kevin S. Warner
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Blake Anderson
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Edgar Dalles Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (E.D.K.); (A.G.R.)
| | - RB Hayes
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Eric Kawamoto
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - DH Perkins
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Robert Scott
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Jim Isaacson
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Barb Haberer
- Alumend, LLC, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Suite #108, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (B.H.); (A.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Ann Spaans
- Alumend, LLC, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Suite #108, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (B.H.); (A.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Ronald Utecht
- Alumend, LLC, 4800 N. Career Avenue, Suite #108, Sioux Falls, SD 57107, USA; (B.H.); (A.S.); (R.U.)
| | - Hank Hauser
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrew George Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (E.D.K.); (A.G.R.)
| | - Myles Greenberg
- Alucent Biomedical Inc., 675 Arapeen Dr, Suite #102, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; (K.S.W.); (B.A.); (R.H.); (E.K.); (D.P.); (R.S.); (J.I.); (H.H.); (M.G.)
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99
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Abstract
Facchinello, Astone et al. demonstrate a role for the endothelial oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway (oxPPP) in promoting vascular mural cell coverage and maturation during early development by regulating elastin expression, establishing a critical role of oxPPP in the formation of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Tatiana V Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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100
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Wang K, Meng X, Guo Z. Elastin Structure, Synthesis, Regulatory Mechanism and Relationship With Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:596702. [PMID: 34917605 PMCID: PMC8670233 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.596702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As the primary component of elastic fibers, elastin plays an important role in maintaining the elasticity and tensile ability of cardiovascular, pulmonary and many other tissues and organs. Studies have shown that elastin expression is regulated by a variety of molecules that have positive and negative regulatory effects. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. Moreover, elastin is reportedly involved in the development and progression of many cardiovascular diseases through changes in its expression and structural modifications once deposited in the extracellular matrix. This review article summarizes the role of elastin in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, atherosclerosis, and atrial fibrillation, with emphasis on the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangguang Meng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Drug Research, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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