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Hand Grip Strength and Its Sociodemographic and Health Correlates among Older Adult Men and Women (50 Years and Older) in Indonesia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2018; 2018:3265041. [PMID: 30631349 PMCID: PMC6304637 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3265041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective There is lack of knowledge about the patterns and correlates of hand grip strength (HGS) of older adults in Indonesia. This study aims to assess sociodemographic and health determinants of HGS among older adult men and women in Indonesia. Methods Participants were 7097 individuals of 50 years and older (mean age 61.2 years, SD=9.4) that participated in the cross-sectional Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. The assessment measures included a questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics and health variables and anthropometric and HGS measurements. Linear multivariable regression analysis was conducted to estimate the association of social and health variables and HGS. Results The mean HGS was 28.2 kgs for men and 17.2 kgs for women. In adjusted linear regression analysis among both men and women, height, being overweight or obese, and having a good self-rated health status were positively associated with HGS, while age, having underweight, low cognitive functioning, and functional disability were negatively associated with HGS. In addition, among men, higher education and medium economic background were positive and having two or more chronic conditions, having severe depressive symptoms, and having moderate sleep impairment were negatively associated with HGS. Conclusion The study contributed to a better understanding of patterns and correlates of HGS among older adults in Indonesia. Gender-specific and health related interventions may be needed so as to improve the physical functioning of the growing older populace in Indonesia.
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Shen F, Kim HJ, Lee NK, Chun HJ, Chang BS, Lee CK, Yeom JS. The influence of hand grip strength on surgical outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a preliminary result. Spine J 2018; 18:2018-2024. [PMID: 29679727 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Although a number of prognostic factors have been demonstrated to be associated with surgical outcome of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS), no study has investigated the relation between hand grip strength (HGS) and treatment outcome of DLSS. PURPOSE The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of HGS on surgical outcomes after surgery for patients with DLSS. STUDY DESIGN This is an observational study. PATIENT SAMPLE Patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the study. OUTCOME MEASURES Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQOL (EQ-5D), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back or leg pain were assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 172 consecutive patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the present study. Patients were assigned to either high HGS group (≥26 kg for men and ≥18 kg for women, n=124) or low HGS group (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, n=48) based on their preoperative HGS performance. Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain were assessed and compared between two groups preoperatively, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was baseline-adjusted ODI scores 6 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures, including the overall ODI score, EQ-5D score, VAS score for back and leg pain, were assessed at each time point during the 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS As primary outcome, baseline-adjusted ODI scores were significantly lower in the high HGS group than in the low HGS group 6 months after surgery. In the secondary outcome measurements, the ODI, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain improved significantly with time after surgery in both groups. The effects of HGS group on the overall changes in the ODI and EQ-5D scores during the 6-month period were significantly different between the two groups; however, they were not significantly different on VAS score for back and leg pain. The pattern of change in the ODI during the follow-up period was significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with preoperative high HGS display better surgical outcome in terms of disability and health status 6 months after spine surgery. Preoperative HGS can act as a predictor of surgical outcome in patients with DLSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Kim
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Heoung-Jae Chun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soon Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Ki Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin S Yeom
- Spine Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 166 Gumiro, Bundang-gu, Sungnam 463-707, Republic of Korea
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Buckner SL, Dankel SJ, Bell ZW, Abe T, Loenneke JP. The Association of Handgrip Strength and Mortality: What Does It Tell Us and What Can We Do With It? Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:230-234. [PMID: 30200809 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between grip strength and mortality is often used to underscore the importance of resistance exercise in physical activity guidelines. However, grip strength does not appear to appreciably change following traditional resistance training. Thus, grip strength could be considered reflective of strength independent of resistance exercise. If true, grip strength is not necessarily informing us of the importance of resistance exercise as an adult, but potentially highlighting inherent differences between individuals who are stronger at "baseline" compared to their weaker counterpart. The purpose of this article is to discuss: (1) potential factors that may influence grip strength and (2) hypothesize strategies that may be able to influence grip strength and ultimately attain a higher baseline level of strength. Although there appears to be a limited ability to augment grip strength as an adult, there may be critical periods during growth/development during which individuals can establish a higher baseline. Establishing a high baseline of strength earlier in life may have long-term implications related to mortality and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Buckner
- 1 Division of Exercise Science, USF Muscle Laboratory, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Scott J Dankel
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Zachary W Bell
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Takashi Abe
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- 2 Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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Carson RG. Get a grip: individual variations in grip strength are a marker of brain health. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 71:189-222. [PMID: 30172220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Demonstrations that grip strength has predictive power in relation to a range of health conditions-even when these are assessed decades later-has motivated claims that hand-grip dynamometry has the potential to serve as a "vital sign" for middle-aged and older adults. Central to this belief has been the assumption that grip strength is a simple measure of physical performance that provides a marker of muscle status in general, and sarcopenia in particular. It is now evident that while differences in grip strength between individuals are influenced by musculoskeletal factors, "lifespan" changes in grip strength within individuals are exquisitely sensitive to integrity of neural systems that mediate the control of coordinated movement. The close and pervasive relationships between age-related declines in maximum grip strength and expressions of cognitive dysfunction can therefore be understood in terms of the convergent functional and structural mediation of cognitive and motor processes by the human brain. In the context of aging, maximum grip strength is a discriminating measure of neurological function and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Carson
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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Women's spousal choices and a man's handshake: Evidence from a Norwegian study of cohort differences. SSM Popul Health 2018; 5:1-7. [PMID: 30073184 PMCID: PMC6069588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Both high grip strength and being married independently relate to better functional capacity and health at older ages, but the combined effect of marital status and strength have not been investigated. Especially at older ages, declining strength can have adverse health and social consequences, where having a spouse could potentially help with everyday support and alleviate some of the negative effects of sarcopenia. We investigate how grip strength relates to being married among two cohorts of 59–71 year olds (born 1923-35 and 1936-48) in the Norwegian city of Tromsø, controlling for a broad set of health variables and sociodemographic characteristics. The baseline included N = 5009 participants of whom 649 died during follow-up. We find that for men, particularly among younger cohorts, the physically stronger are more likely to be married, but no relation is found for women. This is consistent with a hypothesis that women increasingly have selected male marital partners based on preferred individual traits, whereas men do not emphasize strength when selecting women. We find that both marital status and grip strength independently affect mortality, but there is no significant joint effect. However, the distribution of strength and marital status implies that more men than women and increasing shares of later born cohorts have a “double-burden” of low strength and a lack of support from a spouse.
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56
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Duan X, Rhee J, Mehta RK, Srinivasan D. Neuromuscular Control and Performance Differences Associated With Gender and Obesity in Fatiguing Tasks Performed by Older Adults. Front Physiol 2018; 9:800. [PMID: 30018563 PMCID: PMC6037858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates in the geriatric population have emerged as a serious health concern in recent decades. Yet, obesity-related differences in neuromuscular performance and motor control during fatiguing tasks, and how they are modified by gender, specifically among older adults, are still largely unexplored. The first aim of this study was to understand obesity and gender-related differences in endurance time among older adults. Motor variability has been linked with inter-individual differences in the rate of fatigue development, and as potentially revealing underlying mechanisms of neuromuscular control. Hence, the second and third aims of this study were to investigate to what extent motor variability at baseline could predict inter-individual differences in endurance time, and whether systematic obesity and gender differences exist in motor variability among older adults. Fifty-nine older adults (65 years or older) were recruited into four groups: obese male, obese female, non-obese male, and non-obese female. Participants performed submaximal intermittent isometric knee extensions until exhaustion. Knee extension force and muscle activation signals (surface electromyography) of a primary agonist muscle, the Vastus Lateralis (VL), were collected. Endurance time and metrics quantifying both the size and structure of variability were computed for the force and EMG signals, using coefficient of variation (within cycles and between cycles) and sample entropy measures. While group differences in endurance time were primarily associated with gender, adding individual motor variability measures as predictor variables explained significantly more variance in endurance time, thus highlighting the relevance of motor variability in understanding neuromotor control strategies. Males exhibited longer endurance times, higher EMG CV, lower EMG SaEn, lower force CV, and higher force SaEn than females. These findings are interpreted to indicate males as using a motor strategy involving better “distribution” of the neural efforts across synergists and antagonists to achieve better performance during the knee extension task. No obesity-related changes in endurance time were found. However, obese individuals exhibited a greater cycle-to-cycle variability in muscle activation, indicating a larger alteration in the recruitment of motor units across successive contractions and potentially increased neural costs, which may have contributed to comparable endurance time and performance as non-obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Duan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Joohyun Rhee
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ranjana K Mehta
- Environmental and Occupational Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Divya Srinivasan
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Abstract
Performance fatigability is characterized as an acute decline in motor performance caused by an exercise-induced reduction in force or power of the involved muscles. Multiple mechanisms contribute to performance fatigability and originate from neural and muscular processes, with the task demands dictating the mechanisms. This review highlights that (1) inadequate activation of the motoneuron pool can contribute to performance fatigability, and (2) the demands of the task and the physiological characteristics of the population assessed, dictate fatigability and the involved mechanisms. Examples of task and population differences in fatigability highlighted in this review include contraction intensity and velocity, stability and support provided to the fatiguing limb, sex differences, and aging. A future challenge is to define specific mechanisms of fatigability and to translate these findings to real-world performance and exercise training in healthy and clinical populations across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
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58
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Peterson MJ. The Risk Factors of Performance-Based Early Frailty in Midlife and Older Age. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2018; 4:2333721418770035. [PMID: 29761132 PMCID: PMC5946353 DOI: 10.1177/2333721418770035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Identifying impairments prior to onset of physical frailty may inform targeted interventions. An objective, clinically feasible early frailty measure, termed performance-based early frailty (PBEF) was developed, and antecedent and current risk factors were examined. Method: Data were from N = 104 participants of the Fels Longitudinal Study. PBEF was derived from age-specific cut points for time to complete five chair stands and walk four meters. "Pre-PBEF" and "PBEF" were defined as impairment in one or both measures, respectively. Candidate PBEF risk factors included body composition, health and quality of life, grip strength, and biomarker measures. Results: Pre-PBEF was identified in 26% and 30% of midlife and older adults, and PBEF was identified in 11% and 14% of midlife and older adults, respectively. When predicting midlife PBEF, only current physical activity was significant (odds ratio [OR] = 0.18). In older adults, PBEF status was predicted by previous heavier drinking (OR = 3.09), previous better grip strength (OR = 0.92), current poorer sleep habits (OR = 1.19), and current higher C-reactive protein concentrations (OR = 1.20). Conclusion: Differing age group patterns of predictors emerged, suggesting that PBEF in midlife is likely a state influenced by current health status, whereas older age PBEF is influenced by both current and antecedent factors.
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59
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Wu CJ, Kao TW, Lin YY, Liaw FY, Wu LW, Chang YW, Peng TC, Chen WL. Examining the association between anthropometric parameters and telomere length and mortality risk. Oncotarget 2018; 8:34057-34069. [PMID: 28423661 PMCID: PMC5470951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A shorter telomere length is associated with several systemic disorders. Telomere length may be an informative biomarker for the maintenance of the overall health status and mortality. There are a limited number of empirical studies concerning the effect of anthropometric parameters on telomere length. The data are derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002. The primary outcomes of this study were to examine the potential relationships between the anthropometric indices and the telomere length, while secondary outcomes of this study was to investigate the association between different anthropometric indices and mortality risk. A significant positive correlation was noted between the mean telomere length and the thigh circumference (TC) and calf circumference (CC) in all designed models. Participants in the highest TC and CC quartiles tended to have a longer telomere length and lowered the hazards for all-cause mortality to 43% and 57%, respectively. Notably, the anthropometric indices involving the CC with higher values seemed to be surrogate markers for the reduction of the risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy-related mortality (all P < 0.05). The CCmay be a valuable tool to guide public health policy and a clinical prognostic indicator for the risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Wu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yung Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Wei Wu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Family and Community Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Williams GR, Muss HB, Shachar SS. Cachexia in patients with cancer. Lancet Oncol 2018; 17:e220. [PMID: 27299272 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)00167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant R Williams
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA.
| | - Hyman B Muss
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA
| | - Shlomit Strulov Shachar
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7305, USA; Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
This chapter reviews studies that have examined age-related anatomic and functional changes in sensory, neuromuscular, and cognitive systems that impair the control of balance and gait. Specifically, we examine age-related changes in peripheral systems: lower-limb sensation, visual functions such as contrast sensitivity and depth perception, vestibular sense, strength, and power in the lower-limb muscle groups, as well as central factors including processing speed and executive functioning. Significant impairments in any one of the above systems can predispose older people to falls, with the risk of falling increasing substantially with the number of impairments present. There is increasing evidence that interventions aimed at addressing specific sensory and neuromuscular impairments can improve balance control and reduce fall risk. In particular, task-specific exercise can improve muscle strength, balance, gait and mobility and prevent falls in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Lord
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daina L Sturnieks
- Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Norheim KL, Hjort Bønløkke J, Samani A, Omland Ø, Madeleine P. The Effect of Aging on Physical Performance Among Elderly Manual Workers: Protocol of a Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2017; 6:e226. [PMID: 29167091 PMCID: PMC5719227 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, the Danish Parliament decided to increase retirement age. Unfortunately, elderly people working in a physically demanding environment may be rendered unable to retain the ability to adequately perform the physical requirements of their jobs, due to age-related decreases in physical performance. Therefore, increasing the retirement age may not necessarily lead to the goal of keeping everybody in the labor market for a longer time. To date, our knowledge about the variations in physical performance of the elderly workforce is limited. OBJECTIVE In this cross-sectional study we seek to investigate the effects of aging on physical performance among elderly manual workers. METHODS Approximately 100 Danish manual workers between 50 and 70 years of age will be recruited. The main measurement outcomes include: (1) inflammatory status from blood samples; (2) body composition; (3) lung function; (4) static and dynamic balance; (5) reaction time, precision, and movement variability during a hammering task; (6) handgrip strength, rate of force development, and force tracking; (7) estimated maximal rate of oxygen consumption; and (8) back mobility. Additionally, information regarding working conditions, physical activity levels, and health status will be assessed with a questionnaire. RESULTS Data collection is expected to take place between autumn 2017 and spring 2018. CONCLUSIONS This study will increase the knowledge regarding variations in physical performance in the elderly workforce and may identify potential workplace hazards. Moreover, this study might shed light on the potentially problematic decision to increase retirement age for all Danish citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Larsen Norheim
- Physical Activity and Human Performance, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hjort Bønløkke
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Afshin Samani
- Physical Activity and Human Performance, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Øyvind Omland
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Physical Activity and Human Performance, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Orces CH. Prevalence of clinically relevant muscle weakness and its association with vitamin D status among older adults in Ecuador. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:943-949. [PMID: 27838830 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle weakness and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency have been associated with adverse outcomes among older adults. However, little is known about the relationship between clinically relevant muscle weakness and 25(OH)D levels in Ecuador. AIMS To examine the prevalence of muscle weakness and its association with 25(OH)D status among subjects aged 60 years and older in Ecuador. METHODS The present study was based on data from 2205 participants in the first National Survey of Health, Wellbeing, and Aging. The Foundation for the National Institute of Health Sarcopenia Project criteria was used to examine muscle weakness prevalence rates. Gender-specific general linear and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders were created to compare mean 25(OH)D concentrations and 25(OH)D deficiency across muscle strength categories, respectively. RESULTS An estimated 32.2% of women and 33.4% of men had evidence of clinically relevant muscle weakness in Ecuador. In general, increased muscle weakness prevalence rates were present among Indigenous, residents in the rural Andes Mountains, underweight subjects, and those with a sedentary lifestyle. Muscle strength was significantly and directly correlated with mean 25(OH)D levels. After controlling for potential confounders, 25(OH)D deficiency prevalence rates were 31 and 43% higher among men and women with muscle weakness than those with normal strength, respectively. CONCLUSIONS One-third of older adults nationwide had evidence of muscle weakness. While the present study found a significant correlation between muscle strength and 25(OH)D concentrations, further research is needed to examine whether optimizing 25(OH)D levels may improve muscle weakness among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Orces
- Department of Medicine, Laredo Medical Center, 1700 East Saunders, Laredo, TX, 78041, USA.
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64
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Silva NDA, Pedraza DF, de Menezes TN. Physical performance and its association with anthropometric and body composition variables in the elderly. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 20:3723-32. [PMID: 26691797 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320152012.01822015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging process leads to biological changes that affect the physical performance and nutritional status of older adults. The objective this study is to determine the association between physical performance and anthropometric and body composition variables in the elderly. This is a cross-sectional study. Were assessed: sex, age, handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility/mobility, balance, body mass index, waist and calf circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm fat area and arm muscle circumference. Multiple logistic regression was used (p<0.05). Overall, 420 elderly were evaluated. Malnourished individuals were more likely to show poor HGS. Elderly aged 70-79 years, 80 years or older and those malnourished were more likely to show poor balance. Older women were less likely to show poor flexibility/mobility. We conclude that lowercalf circumferencewas associatedwithworse performance inHGSand balance.The ageincreased the chanceof the elderlypresentinstability.The flexibility/mobilitydoesn't seem tobe influenced bychanges in body composition. Therefore, these resultsmay beimportantguidingspecific actionsto ensurehealthy aging.
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65
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Lower Physical Performance in Colder Seasons and Colder Houses: Evidence from a Field Study on Older People Living in the Community. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017. [PMID: 28629127 PMCID: PMC5486337 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to explore the effect of seasonal temperature differences and cold indoor environment in winter on the physical performance of older people living in the community based on a field study. We recruited 162 home-dwelling older people from a rehabilitation facility in the Osaka prefecture, Japan; physical performance data were available from 98/162 (60.5%). At the same time, for some participants, a questionnaire survey and a measurement of the indoor temperature of individual houses were conducted. The analysis showed that there were seasonal trends in the physical performance of older people and that physical performance was worse in the winter compared with the autumn. Furthermore, people living in colder houses had worse physical performance. The findings indicate that keeping the house warm in the winter can help to maintain physical performance.
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66
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Yorke AM, Curtis AB, Shoemaker M, Vangsnes E. The impact of multimorbidity on grip strength in adults age 50 and older: Data from the health and retirement survey (HRS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 72:164-168. [PMID: 28667843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more chronic diseases, is a public health concern. The measurement of grip strength has been proposed as a measure of overall body strength and is reliable and easy to measure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the number of chronic diseases and common co-occurring chronic diseases with grip strength. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 5877 respondents (2744=male, 3103=female) from the 2008 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) who completed grip strength measurements (kg). RESULTS As the number of chronic diseases increased, an incremental decrease in grip strength occurred and became more pronounced with ≥3 chronic diseases present (b=3.1, 95% CI=2.3-3.9, p<0.001). No statistically significant relationship was identified between specific chronic diseases (except for stroke) and grip strength. CONCLUSION Multimorbidity has a statistically significant negative relationship on grip strength. Grip strength should be considered as a physical performance measure to incorporate into the care of patients with multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Yorke
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States; Physical Therapy Department, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI, United States.
| | - Amy B Curtis
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
| | - Michael Shoemaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, United States.
| | - Eric Vangsnes
- Department of Physician Assistant, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
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Rodríguez-García WD, García-Castañeda L, Orea-Tejeda A, Mendoza-Núñez V, González-Islas DG, Santillán-Díaz C, Castillo-Martínez L. Handgrip strength: Reference values and its relationship with bioimpedance and anthropometric variables. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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68
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Rhodes RE, Janssen I, Bredin SSD, Warburton DER, Bauman A. Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017; 32:942-975. [PMID: 28554222 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a broad overview of the state of physical activity (PA) research in the form of (1) definitions of PA, (2) health benefits, (3) prevalence, (4) correlates and (5) interventions. DESIGN A high-level overview of published reviews of the literature. RESULTS Regular PA is an effective primary and secondary preventative strategy against at least 25 chronic medical conditions with risk reduction typically in the 20-30% range. While approximately 75% of adults meet recommended PA guidelines, the prevalence is slightly lower for women compared to men, and considerably lower for youth, older adults and those in higher income countries. Motivation, self-efficacy and self-regulation remain consistent correlates of PA. Interventions show PA changes in the small effect size range for adults and youth but the heterogeneity is considerable across studies. Only a few (aggregate of behavioural regulation strategies, supervision, high frequency of contact) reliable moderators of intervention success were identified across study quality, sample characteristics, theory/behaviour change techniques and delivery modes/settings. CONCLUSION PA research should continue to examine the mechanisms causing health outcomes, the dose that can lead to clinically relevant changes in health status, the scope and validity of PA surveillance and innovative behaviour change techniques, while improving the reach and duration of PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Rhodes
- a Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education , University of Victoria , Victoria , Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- b School of Kinesiology and Health Studies , Queen's University , Kingston , Canada
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- c School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , Canada
| | | | - Adrian Bauman
- d School of Public Health , University of Sydney , Sydney , Australia
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Ignasiak Z, Sławinska T, Skrzek A, Rożek K, Kozieł S, Posłuszny P, Malina RM. Functional capacities of Polish adults of 60-87 years and risk of losing functional independence. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:502-509. [PMID: 28539050 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1328071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterise the functional capacities of Polish men and women aged 60-87 years and evaluate their status relative to criteria for functional independence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Four hundred and thirty-one women and 125 men, aged 60-87 years, who were residents of Wrocław, southwestern Poland, were recruited. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was administered to test upper and lower body strength, upper and lower body flexibility, agility-dynamic balance and aerobic endurance. The Paffenbarger physical activity questionnaire was completed. Characteristics of individuals classified by the number of tests which equalled or exceeded criterion-referenced standards for functional independence (excluding flexibility) were compared. RESULTS Polish older adults compared favourably to American reference values. Percentages meeting the criteria for all four, for two or three and for one or no tests were, respectively, 21%, 54% and 25% in women and 37%, 45% and 18% in men. Adults meeting the criteria for all four tests were lighter, with a lower BMI and more physically active than those meeting the criteria on two or three tests and on one or no tests. CONCLUSION The majority of Polish older adults were not at risk for loss of physical independence. The most functionally independent adults of both sexes had a lower BMI and less obesity, and were physically more active; the converse was true for those not meeting the criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Ignasiak
- a Faculty of Physical Education , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Teresa Sławinska
- a Faculty of Physical Education , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Anna Skrzek
- b Faculty of Physiotherapy , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Krystyna Rożek
- b Faculty of Physiotherapy , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Sławomir Kozieł
- c Department of Anthropology , Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Pawel Posłuszny
- a Faculty of Physical Education , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Robert M Malina
- d Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , University of Texas , Austin , TX , USA
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Wu LW, Lin YY, Kao TW, Lin CM, Wang CC, Wang GC, Peng TC, Chen WL. Mid-Arm Circumference and All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality among Obese and Non-Obese US Adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2302. [PMID: 28536435 PMCID: PMC5442157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that mid-arm circumference (MAC) can be used to predict death risk and malnutrition. We performed a retrospective observational study involving 11,958 US participants aged 20–90 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III, 1988–1994, to determine the correlation between MAC and all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality risk in the obese and non-obese population. Death certificate data were obtained up to 2006. The participants were divided into three groups on the basis of body mass index: 19 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 (normal weight group), 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 (overweight group) and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (obesity group); each group was then divided into three subgroups depending on their MAC level. In the non-obese population, MAC was inversely associated with all-cause mortality; specifically, in the normal weight group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of the T3 (29.6–42.0) cm subgroup was 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.58–0.90) when compared with the T1 (18.0–27.2) cm, while the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of the T2 (27.3–29.5) cm subgroup was 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.64–0.91) when compared with the T1 (18.0–27.2) cm subgroup. The results indicate that MAC is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in non-obese individuals in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Ming Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Gia-Chi Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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71
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Wu LW, Lin YY, Kao TW, Lin CM, Liaw FY, Wang CC, Peng TC, Chen WL. Mid-arm muscle circumference as a significant predictor of all-cause mortality in male individuals. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171707. [PMID: 28196081 PMCID: PMC5308605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidences indicate that mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) is one of the anthropometric indicators that reflect health and nutritional status, but its correlative effectiveness in all-cause mortality prediction of United States individuals remains uncertain. METHODS AND FINDINGS DESIGN We investigated the joint association between MAMC and all-cause mortality in the US general population. A population-based longitudinal study of 6,769 participants aged 40 to 90 years in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. All participants were divided into two groups based on the gender: male and female group; each group was then divided into three subgroups depending on their MAMC level. The tertiles were as follows: T1 (18<27.3), T2 (27.3<29.6), T3 (29.6≤40.0) cm in the male group and T1 (15<22.3), T2 (22.3<24.6), T3 (24.6≤44.0) cm in the female group. Multivariable Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier survival probabilities were utilized to jointly relate all-cause mortality risk to different MAMC level. For all-cause mortality in male participants, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.98; p = 0.033) for MAMC of 27.3-29.6 cm compared with 18-27.3 cm, and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.61-0.95; p = 0.018) for MAMC of 29.6-40 cm compared with 18-27.3 cm. For all-cause mortality in female participants, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-1.02; p = 0.075) for MAMC of 22.3-24.6 cm compared with 15-22.3 cm, and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.75-1.17; p = 0.583) for MAMC of 24.6-44 cm compared with 15-22.3 cm. CONCLUSION Results support a lower MAMC is associated with a higher mortality risk in male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Chien-Ming Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital; and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Fang-Yih Liaw
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Kozakai
- School of Lifelong Sport, Hokusho University
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
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73
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Rosko A, Giralt S, Mateos MV, Dispenzieri A. Myeloma in Elderly Patients: When Less Is More and More Is More. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:575-585. [PMID: 28561667 PMCID: PMC6619424 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_175171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy that occurs among older adults and accounts for 15% of all hematologic malignancies in the United States. Thirty-five percent of patients are diagnosed at age 75 or older. Novel therapeutics and routine use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have led to substantial improvements in patient survival, although improvements have been more impressive among patients younger than age 65. Finding the balance between under- and overtreating elderly patients is one of the biggest challenges specific to them as a subgroup of patients with MM. Decision making about which therapies and their dose intensity and duration should be influenced by a patient's functional status, personal preferences, disease characteristics, and ability to tolerate therapy. ASCT should be considered for all patients younger than age 80, assuming that they are not frail. The attainment of a stringent complete response and minimal residual disease negativity is associated with improved progression-free and overall survival. Again, consideration of quality of life for these patients is paramount. Although there is a growing list of tools to sort through these issues, a fully integrated approach has not yet been finely tuned, leaving additional work to be done for the treatment of elderly patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Rosko
- From The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sergio Giralt
- From The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Maria-Victoria Mateos
- From The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Angela Dispenzieri
- From The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Wang H, Hai S, Cao L, Zhou J, Liu P, Dong BR. Estimation of prevalence of sarcopenia by using a new bioelectrical impedance analysis in Chinese community-dwelling elderly people. BMC Geriatr 2016; 16:216. [PMID: 28031025 PMCID: PMC5198494 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-016-0386-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to validate the usefulness of the new octapolar multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) by comparing it with that of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in Chinese community-dwelling elderly according to Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) definition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in communities of Chengdu, China. A total of 944 community-dwelling elderly adults aged ≥60 years were included. ASM was measured by using DXA as a criterion method to validate a standing eight-electrode multifrequency BIA (InBody 720), followed by a further estimation of the prevalence of sarcopenia according the AWGS definition. RESULTS In the Bland-Altman analysis, no significant difference was found between DXA and BIA based on the ASM measurements. The prevalence of AWGS-defined sarcopenia was 12.5% in the elderly women and 8.2% in the elderly men. CONCLUSIONS BIA is suitable for body composition monitoring (ASM) in elderly Chinese as a fast, noninvasive, and convenient method; therefore, it may be a better choice in large epidemiological studies in the Chinese population. The prevalence of AWGS-defined sarcopenia was approximately 10.4% and increased with age in the Chinese community-dwelling elderly in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shan Hai
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Cao
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianghua Zhou
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bi-Rong Dong
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu, China.
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Decker S, Schmitz H. Health shocks and risk aversion. JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS 2016; 50:156-170. [PMID: 27792902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We empirically assess whether a health shock influences individual risk aversion. We use grip strength data to obtain an objective health shock indicator. In order to account for the non-random nature of our data regression-adjusted matching is employed. Risk preferences are traditionally assumed to be constant. However, we find that a health shock increases individual risk aversion. The finding is robust to a series of sensitivity analyses and persists for at least four years after the shock. Income changes do not seem to be the driving mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Decker
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; CINCH Health Economics Research Center, Germany; Ruhr Graduate School in Economics (RGS Econ), Germany.
| | - Hendrik Schmitz
- CINCH Health Economics Research Center, Germany; University of Paderborn, Germany; RWI Essen, Germany
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Thorpe RJJ, Simonsick E, Zonderman A, Evans MK. Association between Race, Household Income and Grip Strength in Middle- and Older-Aged Adults. Ethn Dis 2016; 26:493-500. [PMID: 27773976 DOI: 10.18865/ed.26.4.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor grip strength is an indicator of frailty and a precursor to functional limitations. Although poor grip strength is more prevalent in older disabled African American women, little is known about the association between race and poverty-related disparities and grip strength in middle-aged men and women. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional relationship between race, socioeconomic status as assessed by household income, and hand grip strength in men and women in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. General linear models examined grip strength (maximum of two trials on both sides) by race and household income adjusted for age, weight, height, hand pain, education, insurance status, family income, and two or more chronic conditions. RESULTS Of 2,091 adults, 422(45.4%) were male, 509(54.8%) were African American, and 320 (34.5%) were living in households with incomes below 125% of the federal poverty level (low SES). In adjusted models, African American women had greater grip strength than White women independent of SES (low income household: 29.3 vs 26.9 kg and high income household: 30.5 vs. 28.3kg; P<.05 for both); whereas in men, only African Americans in the high income household group had better grip strength than Whites (46.3 vs. 43.2; P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between grip strength, race and SES as assessed by household income varied in this cohort. Efforts to develop grip strength norms and cut points that indicate frailty and sarcopenia may need to be race- and income-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland J Jr Thorpe
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Alan Zonderman
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging
| | - Michelle K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging
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Saitoh M, Rodrigues Dos Santos M, von Haehling S. Muscle wasting in heart failure : The role of nutrition. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:455-465. [PMID: 27761739 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting and malnutrition are common complications in patients with advanced heart failure (HF); however, both remain underdiagnosed and undertreated although they both play relevant roles in the progression of HF. The risk of muscle wasting in patients with HF increases in those patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition. Muscle wasting and malnutrition are thought to be positively influenced by adequate therapeutic interventions such as physical activity and nutritional support. Consequently, early detection of malnutrition in patients with HF is recommended. This review discusses muscle wasting and nutritional status, describing the effects of malnutrition on muscle wasting in patients with HF. We review specific issues related to muscle wasting and nutritional status in patients with HF; however, no established strategies currently exist to focus on patients suffering from muscle wasting with malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Saitoh
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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78
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Relation between body mass index percentile and muscle strength and endurance. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Hunter SK, Pereira HM, Keenan KG. The aging neuromuscular system and motor performance. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 121:982-995. [PMID: 27516536 PMCID: PMC5142309 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00475.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the basic functional unit of the neuromuscular system, the motor unit, and its neural inputs have a profound effect on motor function, especially among the expanding number of old (older than ∼60 yr) and very old (older than ∼80 yr) adults. This review presents evidence that age-related changes in motor unit morphology and properties lead to impaired motor performance that includes 1) reduced maximal strength and power, slower contractile velocity, and increased fatigability; and 2) increased variability during and between motor tasks, including decreased force steadiness and increased variability of contraction velocity and torque over repeat contractions. The age-related increase in variability of motor performance with aging appears to involve reduced and more variable synaptic inputs that drive motor neuron activation, fewer and larger motor units, less stable neuromuscular junctions, lower and more variable motor unit action potential discharge rates, and smaller and slower skeletal muscle fibers that coexpress different myosin heavy chain isoforms in the muscle of older adults. Physical activity may modify motor unit properties and function in old men and women, although the effects on variability of motor performance are largely unknown. Many studies are of cross-sectional design, so there is a tremendous opportunity to perform high-impact and longitudinal studies along the continuum of aging that determine 1) the influence and cause of the increased variability with aging on functional performance tasks, and 2) whether lifestyle factors such as physical exercise can minimize this age-related variability in motor performance in the rapidly expanding numbers of very old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Hunter
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Hugo M Pereira
- Exercise Science Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin; and
| | - Kevin G Keenan
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Wu LW, Chen WL, Peng TC, Chiang ST, Yang HF, Sun YS, Chan JYH, Kao TW. All-cause mortality risk in elderly individuals with disabilities: a retrospective observational study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011164. [PMID: 27625055 PMCID: PMC5030612 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disability is considered an important issue that affects the elderly population. This study aimed to explore the relationship between disability and all-cause mortality in US elderly individuals. DESIGN Retrospective and longitudinal designs. SETTING Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2002) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1834 participants in the age range 60-84 years from NHANES 1999-2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We acquired five major domains of disability (activities of daily living (ADL), general physical activities (GPA), instrumental ADL (IADL), lower extremity mobility (LEM) and leisure and social activities (LSA)) through self-reporting. We applied an extended-model approach with Cox (proportional hazards) regression analysis to investigate the relationship between different features of disability and all-cause mortality risk in the study population. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 5.7 years, 77 deaths occurred. An increased risk of all-cause mortality was identified in elderly individuals with disability after adjustment for potential confounders (HR 2.23; 95% CI 1.29 to 3.85; p=0.004). Participants with more than one domain of disability were associated with a higher risk of mortality (ptrend=0.047). Adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for each domain of disability were 2.53 (1.49 to 4.31), 1.99 (0.93 to 4.29), 1.74 (0.72 to 4.16), 1.57 (0.76 to 3.27) and 1.52 (0.93 to 2.48) for LEM, LSA, ADL, IADL and GPA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study support an increased association between disability and all-cause mortality in the elderly in the USA. Disability in LEM may be a good predictor of high risk of all-cause mortality in elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Wu
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ta Chiang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Fang Yang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Shan Sun
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - James Yi-Hsin Chan
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
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81
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Ferrucci L, Cooper R, Shardell M, Simonsick EM, Schrack JA, Kuh D. Age-Related Change in Mobility: Perspectives From Life Course Epidemiology and Geroscience. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1184-94. [PMID: 26975983 PMCID: PMC4978365 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobility is the most studied and most relevant physical ability affecting quality of life with strong prognostic value for disability and survival. Natural selection has built the "engine" of mobility with great robustness, redundancy, and functional reserve. Efficient patterns of mobility can be acquired during development even by children affected by severe impairments. Analogously, age-associated impairments in mobility-related physiological systems are compensated and overt limitations of mobility only occur when the severity can no longer be compensated. Mobility loss in older persons usually results from multiple impairments in the central nervous system, muscles, joints, and energetic and sensory physiological systems. Early preclinical changes in these physiological systems that precede mobility loss have been poorly studied. Peak performance, rate of decline, compensatory behaviors, or subclinical deterioration of physiological resources may cumulatively influence both timing of mobility loss and chances of recovery, but their role as risk factors has not been adequately characterized. Understanding the natural history of these early changes and intervening on them would likely be the most effective strategy to reduce the burden of disability in the population. For example, young women with low bone peak mass could be counseled to start strength resistance exercise to reduce their high risk of developing osteoporosis and fracture later in life. Expanding this approach to other physiological domains requires collecting and interpreting data from life course epidemiological studies, establishing normative measures of mobility, physical function, and physical activity, and connecting them with life course trajectories of the mobility-relevant physiological domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
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Strand BH, Cooper R, Bergland A, Jørgensen L, Schirmer H, Skirbekk V, Emaus N. The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2016; 70:1214-1221. [PMID: 27229009 PMCID: PMC5136688 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2015-206776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Grip strength has consistently been found to predict all-cause mortality rates. However, few studies have examined cause-specific mortality or tested age differences in these associations. Methods In 1994, grip strength was measured in the population-based Tromsø Study, covering the ages 50–80 years (N=6850). Grip strength was categorised into fifths, and as z-scores. In this cohort study, models with all-cause mortality and deaths from specific causes as the outcome were performed, stratified by sex and age using Cox regression, adjusting for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results During 17 years of follow-up, 2338 participants died. A 1 SD reduction in grip strength was associated with HR=1.17 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.22) for all-cause mortality in a model adjusted for age, gender and body size. This association was similar across all age groups, in men and women, and robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Results for deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory diseases and external causes resembled those for all-cause mortality, while for cancer, the association was much weaker and not significant after adjustment for lifestyle-related and health-related factors. Conclusions Weaker grip strength was associated with increased all-cause mortality rates, with similar effects on deaths due to CVD, respiratory disease and external causes, while a much weaker association was observed for cancer-related deaths. These associations were similar in both genders and across age groups, which supports the hypothesis that grip strength might be a biomarker of ageing over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Heine Strand
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | | | - Lone Jørgensen
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Clinical Therapeutic Services, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health sciences, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Nina Emaus
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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83
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Tyrovolas S, Haro JM, Mariolis A, Piscopo S, Valacchi G, Bountziouka V, Anastasiou F, Zeimbekis A, Tyrovola D, Foscolou A, Gotsis E, Metallinos G, Tur JA, Matalas A, Lionis C, Polychronopoulos E, Panagiotakos D. Skeletal muscle mass and body fat in relation to successful ageing of older adults: The multi-national MEDIS study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 66:95-101. [PMID: 27266673 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The determinants that promote successful ageing still remain unknown. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the role of skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage (BF%), in the level of successful ageing. METHODS during 2005-2011, 2663 older (aged 65-100 years) from 21 Mediterranean islands and the rural Mani region (Peloponnesus) of Greece were voluntarily enrolled in the study. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and BF% were calculated using population formulas. Dietary habits, energy intake, expenditure and energy balance were derived throughout standard procedures. A successful ageing index ranging from 0 to 10 was used. RESULTS The mean ASM mass was 24±6.0kg, the SMI was 0.84±0.21 and the BF% was 44%. Females had lower SMI and higher BF% in comparison with males, respectively [(SMI: 0.66±0.09 vs. 1.03±0.11; BF%: 51% vs. 34%, (p<0.001)]. High successful agers had better rates in ASM (p=0.01), SMI (p<0.001) and BF% (p<0.001), compared with the medium and low successful ones. Changes in SMI [b-coefficient (95% CI):2.14 (1.57 to 2.71)] were positively associated with successful ageing, while changes in BF% [b-coefficient (95% CI): -0.04 (-0.05 to -0.03)] were inversely associated with successful ageing. Results from sensitivity analysis showed that the effects of variations on body composition were consistent, less pronounced in the positive energy balance group and more pronounced among the oldest old. CONCLUSIONS Body composition changes seem to be associated with lower quality of life in the older adults, as measured through successful ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep-Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anargiros Mariolis
- Health Center of Aeropolis, General Hospital of Sparta, Aeropolis, Greece
| | - Suzanne Piscopo
- University of Malta, Nutrition, Family and Consumer Studies Office, Msida, Malta
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vassiliki Bountziouka
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Anastasiou
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Akis Zeimbekis
- Health Center of Kalloni, General Hospital of Mitilini, Mitilini, Greece
| | - Dimitra Tyrovola
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Foscolou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimios Gotsis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Metallinos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Josep-Antoni Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Universitat de les Illes Balears & CIBERobn, Guillem Colom Bldg, Campus, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Antonia Matalas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Lionis
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelos Polychronopoulos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
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Obayashi K, Saeki K, Maegawa T, Sakai T, Kitagawa M, Otaki N, Kataoka H, Kurumatani N. Association of Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine With Muscle Strength and Gait Speed: A Cross-Sectional Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1107-13. [PMID: 26704561 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle strength and gait speed are related with functional limitations and disabilities and also predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in regulating physiological process in skeletal muscles; however, the association between serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) level, an endogenous competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, and physical performance has not yet been studied. We investigated the associations of serum ADMA level with muscle strength and usual gait speed in a cross-sectional study of 550 elderly individuals (mean age, 71.2 ± 6.6 years). Mean ADMA level was 0.45 ± 0.06 µmol/L; mean grip and quadriceps strengths were 27.7 ± 8.4 kg and 165.1 ± 81.6 Nm, respectively; and mean gait speed was 1.37 ± 0.30 m/s. In multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors (age, gender, body weight, smoking and drinking status, household income, hypertension, diabetes, renal function, and physical activity), higher serum ADMA level was significantly associated with lower grip and quadriceps strengths and slower gait speed (grip strength: β, -1.257; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.990 to -0.525; p = 0.001; quadriceps strength: β, -11.730; 95% CI, -20.924 to -2.536; p = 0.012; gait speed: β, -0.065; 95% CI, -0.108 to -0.022; p = 0.003). Our findings indicate the significant association between serum ADMA level and physical performance among elderly individuals, which was independent of the important potential confounders. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Naoto Otaki
- Department of Dietary Life and Food Science, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kataoka
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Norio Kurumatani
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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Cooper R, Muniz-Terrera G, Kuh D. Associations of behavioural risk factors and health status with changes in physical capability over 10 years of follow-up: the MRC National Survey of Health and Development. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009962. [PMID: 27091818 PMCID: PMC4838696 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To describe changes in objective measures of physical capability between ages 53 and 60-64 years; (2) to investigate the associations of behavioural risk factors (obesity, physical inactivity, smoking) and number of health conditions (range 0-4: hand osteoarthritis (OA); knee OA; severe respiratory symptoms; other disabling or life-threatening conditions (ie, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes)) at age 53 years with these changes. DESIGN Nationally representative prospective birth cohort study. SETTING England, Scotland and Wales. PARTICIPANTS Up to 2093 men and women from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development, who have been followed-up since birth in 1946, and underwent physical capability assessments performed by nurses following standard protocols in 1999 and 2006-2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Grip strength and chair rise speed were assessed at ages 53 and 60-64 years. Four categories of change in grip strength and chair rise speed were identified: decline, stable high, stable low, a reference group who maintained physical capability within a 'normal' range. RESULTS Less healthy behavioural risk scores and an increase in the number of health conditions experienced were associated in a stepwise fashion with increased risk of decline in physical capability, and also of having low levels at baseline and remaining low. For example, the sex and mutually adjusted relative-risk ratios (95% CI) of being in the stable low versus reference category of chair rise speed were 1.58 (1.35-1.86) and 1.97 (1.57-2.47) per 1 unit change in behavioural risk score and health indicator count, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence of the associations of a range of modifiable factors with age-related changes in physical capability. They suggest the need to target multiple risk factors at least as early as mid-life when aiming to promote maintenance and prevent decline in physical capability in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
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86
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Sergi G, Trevisan C, Veronese N, Lucato P, Manzato E. Imaging of sarcopenia. Eur J Radiol 2016; 85:1519-24. [PMID: 27117135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is currently considered a geriatric syndrome increasing in older people. The consequences of sarcopenia - in terms of impaired mobility, limited self-sufficiency and disability - have been amply demonstrated, increasing the need to develop methods to identify muscle mass loss as early as possible. Although sarcopenia involves a reduction in both muscle mass and function, loss of muscle mass remains the essential criterion for diagnosing this condition in daily practice. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging represent the gold standard for studying body composition, and can identify quantitative and qualitative changes in muscle mass. These techniques are costly, time-consuming and complex, however, so their applicability is limited to the research field. Sonography, on the other hand, has the advantage of being a relatively quick and inexpensive method for detecting loss of muscle fibers and fat infiltration by analyzing muscle thickness and echo intensity. To the best of our knowledge, however, only few studies have compared the results of ultrasound with those obtained by other methods in order to establish its reliability in this setting. Dual X-ray absorptiometry thus remains the most often used technology for studying body composition, detecting quantitative changes in muscle mass with the advantages of a low radiation dose, a simple technology and a rapid assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Sergi
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy.
| | - Caterina Trevisan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Lucato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
| | - Enzo Manzato
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Geriatrics Division, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy; National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Aging Branch, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, Italy
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87
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Senpuku H, Miyazaki H, Yoshihara A, Yoneda S, Narisawa N, Kawarai T, Nakagawa N, Miyachi M, Tada A, Yoshida G, Shimada M, Ohashi M, Nishimuta M, Kimura Y, Yoshitake Y. CD56(dim)CD16(high) and CD56(bright)CD16(-) cell percentages associated with maximum knee extensor strength and incidence of death in elderly. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:244. [PMID: 27027597 PMCID: PMC4771652 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1884-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Physical fitness is an indicator of systemic well-being in humans. Little is known about the role of physical fitness for maintaining systemic health in the elderly. Here, we study elderly subjects to determine the relationships between physical fitness and CD56 and CD16 surface NK cell markers on peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as to analyze the relationship between the surface markers and incidence of death. We selected 253 independent elderly subjects (122 female; 131 male) who were 79–80 years old. Subjects having a higher proportion of CD56dimCD16high within CD56+CD16+ cells, or ration of CD56dimCD16high and CD56dimCD16− cells had a significant positive correlation with maximum bilateral knee extensor strength/weight (kg) (r = 0.425; P < 0.0001 or r = 0.323; P < 0.0001). In contrast, an increased proportion of CD56brightCD16− cells within lymphocyte significantly negatively correlated with the maximum bilateral knee extensor strength/weight (kg) (r = −0.290; P = 0.0004); and these subjects had a significantly lower mortality during the 5 years following measurement of death. Therefore, we found that a synergistic effect of the right and left leg muscle strength was associated with proportion of matured NK and NKT cells and induced a low proportion of CD56brightCD16− cells within lymphocyte. Moreover, the low proportion of CD56brightCD16− cells was associated with incidence of death. In conclusion, measurements of physical fitness, the proportion of CD56dimCD16high within CD56+CD16+ cells, the ratio of CD56dimCD56high and CD56dimCD16− cells, and the proportion of CD56brightC16− cells in lymphocytes are important indicators to check elderly health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Hideo Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Saori Yoneda
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Naoki Narisawa
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Taketo Kawarai
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Naoki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Physical Education, Sports Management Research Center, School of Information-oriented Management, SANNO University, Setagarya-ku, Tokyo 158-8630 Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640 Japan
| | - Akio Tada
- Department of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa, Hyogo 675-0101 Japan
| | - Goichiro Yoshida
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2311 Japan
| | - Mieko Shimada
- Laboratory of Physical Education, Chiba College of Health Science, Chiba, Chiba 261-0014 Japan
| | - Masaharu Ohashi
- Faculty of Education and Human Science Physical Education, Health and Sport Science, Institute of Humanities, Social Science and Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Mamoru Nishimuta
- Laboratory of Physical Education, Chiba College of Health Science, Chiba, Chiba 261-0014 Japan
| | - Yasuo Kimura
- Faculty of Culture and Education, Saga University, Saga, Saga 840-8502 Japan
| | - Yutaka Yoshitake
- National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kanoya, Kagoshima 891-2311 Japan
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88
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Prospective Study of Trajectories of Physical Performance and Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Older Japanese. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1492-1499. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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89
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Obayashi K, Saeki K, Maegawa T, Iwamoto J, Sakai T, Otaki N, Kataoka H, Kurumatani N. Melatonin Secretion and Muscle Strength in Elderly Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study of the HEIJO-KYO Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2016; 71:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Age-related change in handgrip strength in men and women: is muscle quality a contributing factor? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016. [PMID: 26874950 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9891-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in muscle quality and muscle mass in the forearm, which relate to decline in handgrip strength (HGS), have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between age-related declines in HGS and loss of muscle thickness and/or muscle quality in the forearm of 613 adults (306 men and 307 women) aged 20-89. Anterior forearm muscle thickness (MT-ulna) and HGS were measured using an ultrasound and a hand dynamometer, respectively, in the dominant hand. Muscle quality (fMQ) was defined as a ratio of HGS to MT-ulna. HGS was similar among younger (ages 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) groups and was progressively lower with increasing age in both sexes. MT-ulna was similar between ages 20-29 and 60-69 in men and between ages 20-29 and 70-79 in women. In men, MT-ulna was lower in ages 70-79 and 80-89 compared with other age groups. In women, MT-ulna was lower in ages 80-89 compared with ages 20-29 and 40-49. In both men and women, fMQ was identical among younger (ages 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) groups. After that fMQ was progressively lower with age in both men and women. The results indicated that age-related decline in HGS is associated with fMQ, but it appears to be accelerated after the seventh decade due to muscle loss.
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91
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Abe T, Thiebaud RS, Loenneke JP. Age-related change in handgrip strength in men and women: is muscle quality a contributing factor? AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:28. [PMID: 26874950 PMCID: PMC5005880 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Age-related changes in muscle quality and muscle mass in the forearm, which relate to decline in handgrip strength (HGS), have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between age-related declines in HGS and loss of muscle thickness and/or muscle quality in the forearm of 613 adults (306 men and 307 women) aged 20-89. Anterior forearm muscle thickness (MT-ulna) and HGS were measured using an ultrasound and a hand dynamometer, respectively, in the dominant hand. Muscle quality (fMQ) was defined as a ratio of HGS to MT-ulna. HGS was similar among younger (ages 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) groups and was progressively lower with increasing age in both sexes. MT-ulna was similar between ages 20-29 and 60-69 in men and between ages 20-29 and 70-79 in women. In men, MT-ulna was lower in ages 70-79 and 80-89 compared with other age groups. In women, MT-ulna was lower in ages 80-89 compared with ages 20-29 and 40-49. In both men and women, fMQ was identical among younger (ages 20-29, 30-39, and 40-49) groups. After that fMQ was progressively lower with age in both men and women. The results indicated that age-related decline in HGS is associated with fMQ, but it appears to be accelerated after the seventh decade due to muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Sports and Life Sciences, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, 1 Shiromizu-cho, Kanoya-shi, Kagoshima, 891-2393, Japan.
| | - Robert S Thiebaud
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, & Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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92
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Proliferation of Human Primary Myoblasts Is Associated with Altered Energy Metabolism in Dependence on Ageing In Vivo and In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:8296150. [PMID: 26881042 PMCID: PMC4736420 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8296150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Ageing is associated with suppressed regenerative potential of muscle precursor cells due to decrease of satellite cells and suppressive intramuscular milieu on their activation, associated with ageing-related low-grade inflammation. The aim of the study was to characterize the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), glycolysis, adenylate kinase (AK), and creatine kinase (CK) mediated systems in young and older individuals. Materials and Methods. Myoblasts were cultivated from biopsies taken by transcutaneous conchotomy from vastus lateralis muscle in young (20–29 yrs, n = 7) and older (70–79 yrs, n = 7) subjects. Energy metabolism was assessed in passages 2 to 6 by oxygraphy and enzyme analysis. Results. In myoblasts of young and older subjects the rate of OXPHOS decreased during proliferation from passages 2 to 6. The total activities of CK and AK decreased. Myoblasts of passage 2 cultivated from young muscle showed higher rate of OXPHOS and activities of CK and AK compared to myoblasts from older subjects while hexokinase and pyruvate kinase were not affected by ageing. Conclusions. Proliferation of myoblasts in vitro is associated with downregulation of OXPHOS and energy storage and transfer systems. Ageing in vivo exerts an impact on satellite cells which results in altered metabolic profile in favour of the prevalence of glycolytic pathways over mitochondrial OXPHOS of myoblasts.
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93
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Ong HL, Chang SHS, Abdin E, Vaingankar JA, Jeyagurunathan A, Shafie S, Magadi H, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Association of Grip Strength, Upper Arm Circumference, and Waist Circumference with Dementia in Older Adults of the WiSE Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:996-1001. [PMID: 27925139 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of handgrip strength, upper arm circumference, and waist circumference with dementia among Singapore older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional epidemiological study. SETTING Residential homes, day care centres, nursing homes and institutions. PARTICIPANTS 2,565 men and women aged 60 years and above who participated in the Well-being of the Singapore Elderly (WiSE) study in 2013. MEASUREMENTS Socio-demographic correlates, dietary habits, health behaviours, grip strength, upper arm circumference, and waist circumference were collected. Grip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer with the dominant hand. Upper arm circumference was measured using a measuring tape around the thickest part of the upper arm while waist circumference measured in centimetres was measured at the narrowest part of the body between the chest and hips for women, and measured at the level of the umbilicus for men. Dementia was diagnosed using the 10/66 dementia diagnostic criteria. RESULTS Mean grip strength was 13.07 kg (SE=0.60) for people with dementia and 21.98 kg (SE=0.26) for people without dementia. After adjusting for all factors, grip strength remained significantly associated with dementia (p <0.0001). Upper arm circumference was associated with dementia (p <0.0001) but this association was only significant in the univariate analysis. Waist circumference was not significantly associated with dementia. CONCLUSIONS Lower grip strength was independently associated with dementia in the older adult population in Singapore. Further research needs to be done to ascertain whether this association exists for specific types of dementia and look into the relationship of other anthropometric measurements with dementia in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Ong
- Hui Lin Ong, Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Buangkok Green Medical Park, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore.
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94
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Kozakai R, Ando F, Kim HY, Yuki A, Otsuka R, Shimokata H. Sex-differences in age-related grip strength decline: A 10-year longitudinal study of community-living middle-aged and older Japanese. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.5.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fujiko Ando
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University
| | | | | | - Rei Otsuka
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences
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95
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Stenroth L, Cronin NJ, Peltonen J, Korhonen MT, Sipilä S, Finni T. Triceps surae muscle-tendon properties in older endurance- and sprint-trained athletes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:63-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00511.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that aging is associated with alterations in muscle architecture and tendon properties (Morse CI, Thom JM, Birch KM, Narici MV. Acta Physiol Scand 183: 291–298, 2005; Narici MV, Maganaris CN, Reeves ND, Capodaglio P. J Appl Physiol 95: 2229–2234, 2003; Stenroth L, Peltonen J, Cronin NJ, Sipila S, Finni T. J Appl Physiol 113: 1537–1544, 2012). However, the possible influence of different types of regular exercise loading on muscle architecture and tendon properties in older adults is poorly understood. To address this, triceps surae muscle-tendon properties were examined in older male endurance (OE, n = 10, age = 74.0 ± 2.8 yr) and sprint runners (OS, n = 10, age = 74.4 ± 2.8 yr), with an average of 42 yr of regular training experience, and compared with age-matched [older control (OC), n = 33, age = 74.8 ± 3.6 yr] and young untrained controls (YC, n = 18, age = 23.7 ± 2.0 yr). Compared with YC, Achilles tendon cross-sectional area (CSA) was 22% ( P = 0.022), 45% ( P = 0.001), and 71% ( P < 0.001) larger in OC, OE, and OS, respectively. Among older groups, OS had significantly larger tendon CSA compared with OC ( P = 0.033). No significant between-group differences were observed in Achilles tendon stiffness. In older groups, Young's modulus was 31-44%, and maximal tendon stress 44–55% lower, than in YC ( P ≤ 0.001). OE showed shorter soleus fascicle length than both OC ( P < 0.05) and YC ( P < 0.05). These data suggest that long-term running does not counteract the previously reported age-related increase in tendon CSA, but, instead, may have an additive effect. The greatest Achilles tendon CSA was observed in OS followed by OE and OC, suggesting that adaptation to running exercise is loading intensity dependent. Achilles tendon stiffness was maintained in older groups, even though all older groups displayed larger tendon CSA and lower tendon Young's modulus. Shorter soleus muscle fascicles in OE runners may be an adaptation to life-long endurance running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri Stenroth
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Neil J. Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
| | - Jussi Peltonen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
| | - Marko T. Korhonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland; and
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96
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Eckman M, Gigliotti C, Sutermaster S, Butler PJ, Mehta K. Using handgrip strength to screen for diabetes in developing countries. J Med Eng Technol 2015; 40:8-14. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2015.1112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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97
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Nakamoto M, Otsuka R, Yuki A, Nishita Y, Tange C, Tomida M, Kato Y, Ando F, Shimokata H, Suzuki T. Higher gait speed and smaller sway area decrease the risk for decline in higher-level functional capacity among middle-aged and elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:429-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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98
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Santago AC, Plate JF, Shively CA, Register TC, Smith TL, Saul KR. Age-related structural changes in upper extremity muscle tissue in a nonhuman primate model. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2015; 24:1660-8. [PMID: 25963066 PMCID: PMC4575823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies of upper extremity aging in humans include logistical concerns that animal models can overcome. The vervet is a promising species with which to study aging-related processes. However, age-related changes in upper extremity muscle structure have not been quantified in this species. This study measured age-related changes to muscle structure, examined relationships between muscle structure and measures of physical performance, and evaluated the presence of rotator cuff tears. METHODS Muscle structure (volume, optimal fiber length, and physiologic cross-sectional area (PCSA)) of 10 upper extremity muscles was quantified from the right upper limb of 5 middle-aged and 6 older adult female vervets. RESULTS Total measured PCSA was smaller (P = .001) in the older adult vervets than in the middle-aged vervets. Muscle volume reduction predominate the age-related reductions in PCSA. Total measured PCSA was not correlated to any measures of physical performance. No rotator cuff tears were observed. Supraspinatus volume was relatively larger and deltoid volume relatively smaller in the vervet compared with a human. CONCLUSIONS The vervet is an appropriate translational model for age-related upper extremity muscle volume loss. Functional measures were not correlated to PCSA, suggesting the vervets may have enough strength for normal function despite loss of muscle tissue. Reduced relative demand on the supraspinatus may be responsible for the lack of naturally occurring rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Johannes F Plate
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Register
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest Primate Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Thomas L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Kawakami R, Sawada SS, Lee IM, Matsushita M, Gando Y, Okamoto T, Tsukamoto K, Higuchi M, Miyachi M, Blair SN. Dynapenic Obesity and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Japanese Men. J Epidemiol 2015; 25:656-62. [PMID: 26256772 PMCID: PMC4626395 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20140256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The independent and combined associations of muscle strength and obesity on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men remain unclear. Methods Hand grip strength was cross-sectionally evaluated between 2011 and 2013 to assess muscle strength in 5039 male workers aged 40 to 64 years. Weight and height were measured, and overweight/obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL and/or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5% and/or self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes, was evaluated. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the prevalence of type 2 diabetes were obtained using a logistic regression model. Results In total, 611 participants had type 2 diabetes, and 1763 participants were overweight/obese. After adjustment for covariates, we found an inverse association between muscle strength and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (P for trend <0.01). In addition, when the analyses were stratified by obesity status, the multivariable-adjusted OR per 2-standard-deviation increase in muscle strength was 0.64 (95% CI, 0.49–0.83) in the overweight/obese group, compared to a weaker relationship in the normal-weight group (OR 0.79 per 2-standard-deviation increase; 95% CI, 0.60–1.06). Conclusions Dynapenia, an age-related decrease in muscle strength, is associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes, and this relationship is stronger in overweight/obese middle-aged Japanese men than in normal-weight men.
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100
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Abe T, Counts BR, Barnett BE, Dankel SJ, Lee K, Loenneke JP. Associations between Handgrip Strength and Ultrasound-Measured Muscle Thickness of the Hand and Forearm in Young Men and Women. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2125-30. [PMID: 25959055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown whether muscle size of intrinsic hand muscles is associated with handgrip strength. To investigate the relationships between handgrip strength and flexor muscle size of the hand and forearm, muscle thickness (MT) of 86 young adults (43 men and 43 women) between the ages of 18 and 34 y was measured by ultrasound. Two MTs (forearm radius and forearm ulna MT) in the anterior forearm, two MTs (lumbrical and dorsal interosseous MT) in the anterior hand and handgrip strength were measured on the right side. Linear regression with part (also referred to as semipartial) correlation coefficients revealed that forearm ulna MT positively correlated with handgrip strength in both men (part = 0.379, p = 0.001) and women (part = 0.268, p = 0.002). Dorsal interosseous MT correlated with handgrip strength in women only (part = 0.289, p = 0.001). Our results suggest that the forearm ulna and dorsal interosseous MTs for women and forearm ulna MTs for men are factors contributing to prediction of handgrip strength in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
| | - Brittany R Counts
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Brian E Barnett
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Scott J Dankel
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kofan Lee
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jeremy P Loenneke
- Department of Health, Exercise Science, and Recreation Management, Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, School of Applied Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
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