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Antonosante A, Brandolini L, d’Angelo M, Benedetti E, Castelli V, Maestro MD, Luzzi S, Giordano A, Cimini A, Allegretti M. Autocrine CXCL8-dependent invasiveness triggers modulation of actin cytoskeletal network and cell dynamics. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1928-1951. [PMID: 31986121 PMCID: PMC7053615 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most representative form of primary malignant brain tumour. Several studies indicated a pleiotropic role of CXCL8 in cancer due to its ability to modulate the tumour microenvironment, growth and aggressiveness of tumour cell. Previous studies indicated that CXCL8 by its receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) induced activation of the PI3K/p-Akt pathway, a crucial event in the regulation of cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell mobilization. Human GB primary cell culture and U-87MG cell line were used to study the effects of CXCR1 and CXCR2 blockage, by a dual allosteric antagonist, on cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics. The data obtained point towards a specific effect of autocrine CXCL8 signalling on GB cell invasiveness by the activation of pathways involved in cell migration and cytoskeletal dynamics, such as PI3K/p-Akt/p-FAK, p-cortactin, RhoA, Cdc42, Acetylated α-tubulin and MMP2. All the data obtained support the concept that autocrine CXCL8 signalling plays a key role in the activation of an aggressive phenotype in primary glioblastoma cells and U-87MG cell line. These results provide new insights about the potential of a pharmacological approach targeting CXCR1/CXCR2 pathways to decrease migration and invasion of GB cells in the brain parenchyma, one of the principal mechanisms of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Luzzi
- San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Hide T, Komohara Y. Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1234:107-122. [PMID: 32040858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) develops from adult brain white matter and is the most common and lethal primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid growth and invasion. GBM tumors frequently spread into the contralateral hemisphere, including in the beginning of tumor development. However, after complete resection of the tumor mass and chemo-radiotherapy, GBM commonly recurs around the tumor removal site, suggesting that the microenvironment at the tumor border provides therapeutic resistance to GBM cells. To improve patient prognosis, understanding the microenvironment at the tumor border is critical. Several microRNAs (miRNAs) show higher expression at the tumor border, with the top three involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) may induce stemness and chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells, providing a supportive function to promote GBM. This review describes important features of OPCs and insights into the "border niche," a unique microenvironment that allows GBM cells to survive and recur at the tumor border.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Nishioka S, Wu PH, Yakabe T, Giaccia AJ, Le QT, Aoyama H, Shimizu S, Shirato H, Onodera Y, Nam JM. Rab27b contributes to radioresistance and exerts a paracrine effect via epiregulin in glioblastoma. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa091. [PMID: 33409495 PMCID: PMC7770522 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). However, radioresistance of GBM cells leads to recurrence and poor patient prognosis. Recent studies suggest that secretion factors have important roles in radioresistance of tumor cells. This study aims to determine whether Rab27b, a small GTPase involved in secretory vesicle trafficking, plays a role in radioresistance of GBM. METHODS Microarray analysis, cell viability analysis, apoptosis assay, immunostaining, and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the effect of Rab27b on radioresistance of GBM. We further investigated paracrine effects mediated by Rab27b after X-ray irradiation using coculture systems of glioma cell lines. RESULTS Rab27b was specifically upregulated in irradiated U87MG cells. Furthermore, Rab27b knockdown decreased the proliferation of GBM cells after irradiation. Knockdown of Rab27b in U87MG cells combined with radiation treatment suppressed orthotopic tumor growth in the mouse brain and prolonged the survival of recipient mice. Interestingly, the co-upregulation of Rab27b and epiregulin (EREG), a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, correlated with radioresistance in glioma cell lines. Additionally, EREG, which was secreted from U87MG cells via Rab27b-mediated mechanism, activated EGF receptor and contributed to H4 cell proliferation in a paracrine manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Rab27b mediates the radioresistance of highly malignant GBM cells. Rab27b promotes the proliferation of adjacent cells through EREG-mediated paracrine signaling after irradiation. Thus, the Rab27b-EREG pathway is a novel potential target to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Nishioka
- Molecular and Cellular Dynamics Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hidefumi Aoyama
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Shimizu
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Radiation Medical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shirato
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Onodera
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jin-Min Nam
- Global Center for Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Circulating microRNA after autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) injection in patients with ischemic stroke. J Investig Med 2019; 68:807-810. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown the potential of microRNAs (miRNA) in the pathological process of stroke and functional recovery. Bone marrow mononuclear cell (BM-MNC) transplantation improves recovery in experimental models of ischemic stroke that might be related with miRNA modifications. However, its effect on circulating miRNA has not been described in patients with stroke. We aimed to evaluate the circulating levels of miRNAs after autologous BM-MNC transplantation in patients with stroke. We investigate the pattern of miRNA-133b and miRNA-34a expression in patients with ischemic stroke included in a multicenter randomized controlled phase IIb trial (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov; unique identifier: NCT02178657). Patients were randomized to 2 different doses of autologous intra-arterial BM-MNC injection (2×106/kg or 5×106/kg) or control group within the first 7 days after stroke onset. We evaluate plasma concentration of miRNA-113b and miRNA-34a at inclusion and 4, 7, and 90 days after treatment. Thirteen cases (8 with 2×106/kg BM-MNC dose and 5 with 5×106/kg dose) and 11 controls (BM-MNC non-treated) were consecutively included. Mean age was 64.1±12.3 with a mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at inclusion of 14.5. Basal levels of miRNA were similar in both groups. miR-34a-5p and miR-133b showed different expression patterns. There was a significant dose-dependent increase of miRNA-34a levels 4 days after BM-MNC injection (fold change 3.7, p<0.001), whereas miRNA-133b showed a significant increase in the low-dose BM-MNC group at 90 days. Intra-arterial BM-MNC transplantation in patients with ischemic stroke seems to modulate early circulating miRNA-34a levels, which have been related to precursor cell migration in stroke and smaller infarct volumes.
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Naghavi AO, Kim Y, Yang GQ, Ahmed KA, Caudell JJ. Alterations in genetic pathways following radiotherapy for head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 42:312-320. [PMID: 31833149 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral component in the treatment of head and neck cancer (HNC).We hypothesized there would be alterations in gene-expression and pathway activity in HNC samples obtained in recurrent HNC that were previously treated with RT, when compared to RT-naïve disease. METHODS Patient data was abstracted from a prospectively maintained database. Linear-microarray analysis and supervised gene-set enrichment-analysis were employed to compare RT-naive and recurrent disease after prior-RT. RESULTS A total of 157 patients were analyzed, 96 (61%) were RT-naive and 61 (39%) had RT.After radiation, there was upregulation of genes associated with angiogenesis, protein-translation-machinery, cell-cycle regulation, and growth factors, and downregulation associated with Myc activity, and hypoxic response (all P < .001).Previously irradiated HNC was associated with downregulation in 19/42 genes in the Wnt/B-catenin-pathway (P = .045)and 119/199 genes involved in the MYC target pathway (P = .024). CONCLUSION Patients with recurrences salvaged surgically post-RT had significant alterations in gene-expression and in Wnt/B-catenin and MYC-target pathways. These pathways may represent potential targets to prevent development of resistance to RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash O Naghavi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Youngchul Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - George Q Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kamran A Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jimmy J Caudell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Venkatesh VS, Lou E. Tunneling nanotubes: A bridge for heterogeneity in glioblastoma and a new therapeutic target? Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019; 2:e1185. [PMID: 32729189 PMCID: PMC7941610 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of tumour heterogeneity is not novel but is fast becoming a paradigm by which to explain part of the highly recalcitrant nature of aggressive malignant tumours. Glioblastoma is a prime example of such difficult-to-treat, invasive, and incurable malignancies. With the advent of the post-genomic age and increased access to next-generation sequencing technologies, numerous publications have described the presence and extent of intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity present in glioblastoma. Moreover, there have been numerous reports more directly correlating the heterogeneity of glioblastoma to its refractory, reoccurring, and inevitably terminal nature. It is therefore prudent to consider the different forms of heterogeneity seen in glioblastoma and how to harness this understanding to better strategize novel therapeutic approaches. One of the most central questions of tumour heterogeneity is how these numerous different cell types (both tumour and non-tumour) in the tumour mass communicate. RECENT FINDINGS This chapter provides a brief review on the variable heterogeneity of glioblastoma, with a focus on cellular heterogeneity and on modalities of communication that can induce further molecular diversity within the complex and ever-evolving tumour microenvironment. We provide particular emphasis on the emerging role of actin-based cellular conduits called tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs) and tumour microtubes (TMs) and outline the perceived current problems in the field that need to be resolved before pharmacological targeting of TNTs can become a reality. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TNTs and TMs provide a new and exciting avenue for the therapeutic targeting of glioblastoma and that numerous inroads have already made into TNT and TM biology. However, to target TMs and TNTs, several advances must be made before this aim can become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emil Lou
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and TransplantationUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinnesota
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Iglesia RP, Fernandes CFDL, Coelho BP, Prado MB, Melo Escobar MI, Almeida GHDR, Lopes MH. Heat Shock Proteins in Glioblastoma Biology: Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5794. [PMID: 31752169 PMCID: PMC6888131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are evolutionary conserved proteins that work as molecular chaperones and perform broad and crucial roles in proteostasis, an important process to preserve the integrity of proteins in different cell types, in health and disease. Their function in cancer is an important aspect to be considered for a better understanding of disease development and progression. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain cancer, with no effective therapies. In recent years, HSPs have been considered as possible targets for GBM therapy due their importance in different mechanisms that govern GBM malignance. In this review, we address current evidence on the role of several HSPs in the biology of GBMs, and how these molecules have been considered in different treatments in the context of this disease, including their activities in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), a small subpopulation able to drive GBM growth. Additionally, we highlight recent works that approach other classes of chaperones, such as histone and mitochondrial chaperones, as important molecules for GBM aggressiveness. Herein, we provide new insights into how HSPs and their partners play pivotal roles in GBM biology and may open new therapeutic avenues for GBM based on proteostasis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilene Hohmuth Lopes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.P.I.); (C.F.d.L.F.); (B.P.C.); (M.B.P.); (M.I.M.E.); (G.H.D.R.A.)
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d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Benedetti E, Antonosante A, Catanesi M, Dominguez-Benot R, Pitari G, Ippoliti R, Cimini A. Theranostic Nanomedicine for Malignant Gliomas. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:325. [PMID: 31799246 PMCID: PMC6868071 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors mainly originate from glial cells and are classified as gliomas. Malignant gliomas represent an incurable disease; indeed, after surgery and chemotherapy, recurrence appears within a few months, and mortality has remained high in the last decades. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of malignant gliomas, indicating that a single therapy is not effective for all patients. In this regard, the advent of theranostic nanomedicine, a combination of imaging and therapeutic agents, represents a strategic tool for the management of malignant brain tumors, allowing for the detection of therapies that are specific to the single patient and avoiding overdosing the non-responders. Here, recent theranostic nanomedicine approaches for glioma therapy are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Reyes Dominguez-Benot
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Pitari
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Department of Biology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Ghosh MK, Chakraborty D, Sarkar S, Bhowmik A, Basu M. The interrelationship between cerebral ischemic stroke and glioma: a comprehensive study of recent reports. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:42. [PMID: 31637020 PMCID: PMC6799849 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma and cerebral ischemic stroke are two major events that lead to patient death worldwide. Although these conditions have different physiological incidences, ~10% of ischemic stroke patients develop cerebral cancer, especially glioma, in the postischemic stages. Additionally, the high proliferation, venous thrombosis and hypercoagulability of the glioma mass increase the significant risk of thromboembolism, including ischemic stroke. Surprisingly, these events share several common pathways, viz. hypoxia, cerebral inflammation, angiogenesis, etc., but the proper mechanism behind this co-occurrence has yet to be discovered. The hypercoagulability and presence of the D-dimer level in stroke are different in cancer patients than in the noncancerous population. Other factors such as atherosclerosis and coagulopathy involved in the pathogenesis of stroke are partially responsible for cancer, and the reverse is also partially true. Based on clinical and neurosurgical experience, the neuronal structures and functions in the brain and spine are observed to change after a progressive attack of ischemia that leads to hypoxia and atrophy. The major population of cancer cells cannot survive in an adverse ischemic environment that excludes cancer stem cells (CSCs). Cancer cells in stroke patients have already metastasized, but early-stage cancer patients also suffer stroke for multiple reasons. Therefore, stroke is an early manifestation of cancer. Stroke and cancer share many factors that result in an increased risk of stroke in cancer patients, and vice-versa. The intricate mechanisms for stroke with and without cancer are different. This review summarizes the current clinical reports, pathophysiology, probable causes of co-occurrence, prognoses, and treatment possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K. Ghosh
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Sibani Sarkar
- Signal Transduction in Cancer and Stem Cells Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (CSIR-IICB), 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032 and CN-06, Sector-V, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700091 India
| | - Arijit Bhowmik
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37 S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata, 700 026 India
| | - Malini Basu
- Department of Microbiology, Dhruba Chand Halder College, Dakshin Barasat, South 24, Paraganas, 743372 India
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A Novel Multi-Target Small Molecule, LCC-09, Inhibits Stemness and Therapy-Resistant Phenotypes of Glioblastoma Cells by Increasing miR-34a and Deregulating the DRD4/Akt/mTOR Signaling Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101442. [PMID: 31561595 PMCID: PMC6826618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of glioblastomas (GBMs) is challenged by the development of therapeutic resistance and early disease recurrence, despite multi-modal therapy. This may be attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs) which are known to survive radio- and chemotherapy, by circumventing death signals and inducing cell re-population. Recent findings suggest GSCs may be enriched by certain treatment modality. These necessitate the development of novel therapeutics capable of targeting GBM cell plasticity and therapy-resistant GSCs. Here, aided by computer-assisted structure characterization and target identification, we predicted that a novel 5-(2′,4′-difluorophenyl)-salicylanilide derivative, LCC-09, could target dopamine receptors and oncogenic markers implicated in GBMs. Bioinformatics data have indicated that dopamine receptor (DRD) 2, DRD4, CD133 and Nestin were elevated in GBM clinical samples and correlated to TMZ (Temozolomide) resistance and increased ALDH (Aldehyde dehydrogenase) activity (3.5–8.9%) as well as enhanced (2.1–2.4-fold) neurosphere formation efficiency in U87MG and D54MG GBM cell lines. In addition, TMZ-resistant GSC phenotype was associated with up-regulated DRD4, Akt, mTOR, β-catenin, CDK6, NF-κB and Erk1/2 expression. LCC-09 alone, or combined with TMZ, suppressed the tumorigenic and stemness traits of TMZ-resistant GBM cells while concomitantly down-regulating DRD4, Akt, mTOR, β-catenin, Erk1/2, NF-κB, and CDK6 expression. Notably, LCC-09-mediated anti-GBM/GSC activities were associated with the re-expression of tumor suppressor miR-34a and reversal of TMZ-resistance, in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these data lay the foundation for further exploration of the clinical feasibility of administering LCC-09 as single-agent or combinatorial therapy for patients with TMZ-resistant GBMs.
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Fadadu PP, Mazzola AJ, Hunter CW, Davis TT. Review of concentration yields in commercially available platelet-rich plasma (PRP) systems: a call for PRP standardization. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019; 44:rapm-2018-100356. [PMID: 30992411 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become increasingly popular in pain medicine with hopes of becoming a safe, effective alternative to routine treatments. However, given its autologous nature, PRP injectate may differ depending on the specific manufacturer and protocol. Currently, there is no standardization of reporting protocol. This systematic review compiles and standardizes values on PRP preparation and final product composition of platelets, white cell count, and growth factors for ease of comparison. On review of 876 studies, 13 studies were selected according to our inclusion criteria. Data from 33 PRP systems and protocols were extracted and standardized. Overall, PRP final product concentrations as well as PRP preparation protocols varied widely between systems. However, platelet concentration was directly correlated with both volume of blood collected and device centrifugal force. In conclusion, there is a large heterogeneity between PRP separation systems that must be resolved for proper study of this promising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyal P Fadadu
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Corey W Hunter
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Ainsworth Institute of Pain Management, New York, New York, USA
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Novel concept of the border niche: glioblastoma cells use oligodendrocytes progenitor cells (GAOs) and microglia to acquire stem cell-like features. Brain Tumor Pathol 2019; 36:63-73. [PMID: 30968276 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-019-00341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a major malignant brain tumor developing in adult brain white matter, characterized by rapid growth and invasion. GBM cells spread into the contralateral hemisphere, even during early tumor development. However, after complete resection of tumor mass, GBM commonly recurs around the tumor removal cavity, suggesting that a microenvironment at the tumor border provides chemo-radioresistance to GBM cells. Thus, clarification of the tumor border microenvironment is critical for improving prognosis in GBM patients. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression in samples from the tumor, tumor border, and peripheral region far from tumor mass was compared, and five miRNAs showing characteristically higher expression in the tumor border were identified, with the top three related to oligodendrocyte differentiation. Pathologically, oligodendrocyte lineage cells increased in the border, but were rare in tumors. Macrophages/microglia also colocalized in the border area. Medium cultured with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and macrophages induced stemness and chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells, suggesting that OPCs and macrophages/microglia constitute a special microenvironment for GBM cells at the tumor border. The supportive function of OPCs for GBM cells has not been discussed previously. OPCs are indispensable for GBM cells to establish special niches for chemo-radioresistance outside the tumor mass.
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Tejero R, Huang Y, Katsyv I, Kluge M, Lin JY, Tome-Garcia J, Daviaud N, Wang Y, Zhang B, Tsankova NM, Friedel CC, Zou H, Friedel RH. Gene signatures of quiescent glioblastoma cells reveal mesenchymal shift and interactions with niche microenvironment. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:252-269. [PMID: 30952620 PMCID: PMC6491796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly malignant brain tumor, invariably recurs after therapy. Quiescent GBM cells represent a potential source of tumor recurrence, but little is known about their molecular underpinnings. Methods Patient-derived GBM cells were engineered by CRISPR/Cas9-assisted knock-in of an inducible histone2B-GFP (iH2B-GFP) reporter to track cell division history. We utilized an in vitro 3D GBM organoid approach to isolate live quiescent GBM (qGBM) cells and their proliferative counterparts (pGBM) to compare stem cell properties and therapy resistance. Gene expression programs of qGBM and pGBM cells were analyzed by RNA-Seq and NanoString platforms. Findings H2B-GFP-retaining qGBM cells exhibited comparable self-renewal capacity but higher therapy resistance relative to pGBM. Quiescent GBM cells expressed distinct gene programs that affect cell cycle control, metabolic adaptation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Transcriptome analysis also revealed a mesenchymal shift in qGBM cells of both proneural and mesenchymal GBM subtypes. Bioinformatic analyses and functional assays in GBM organoids established hypoxia and TGFβ signaling as potential niche factors that promote quiescence in GBM. Finally, network co-expression analysis of TCGA glioma patient data identified gene modules that are enriched for qGBM signatures and also associated with survival rate. Interpretation Our in vitro study in 3D GBM organoids supports the presence of a quiescent cell population that displays self-renewal capacity, high therapy resistance, and mesenchymal gene signatures. It also sheds light on how GBM cells may acquire and maintain quiescence through ECM organization and interaction with niche factors such as TGFβ and hypoxia. Our findings provide a starting point for developing strategies to tackle the quiescent population of GBM. Fund National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rut Tejero
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Katsyv
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Kluge
- Institut für Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jung-Yi Lin
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Biostatistics Shared Resource Facility, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Tome-Garcia
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Daviaud
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuanshuo Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caroline C Friedel
- Institut für Informatik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Vehlow A, Klapproth E, Jin S, Hannen R, Hauswald M, Bartsch JW, Nimsky C, Temme A, Leitinger B, Cordes N. Interaction of Discoidin Domain Receptor 1 with a 14-3-3-Beclin-1-Akt1 Complex Modulates Glioblastoma Therapy Sensitivity. Cell Rep 2019; 26:3672-3683.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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65
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Zhang X, Lu X, Liu Z, Guan R, Wang J, Kong X, Chen L, Bo C, Tian K, Xu S, Bai M, Zhang H, Li J, Wang L, Shen J, Guo M. Integrating multiple-level molecular data to infer the distinctions between glioblastoma and lower-grade glioma. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:952-961. [PMID: 30694558 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) and lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are the most common malignant brain tumors. Despite extensive studies that have suggested that there are differences between the two in terms of clinical profile and treatment, their distinctions on a molecular level had not been systematically analyzed. Here, we investigated the distinctions between GBM and LGG based on multidimensional data, including somatic mutations, somatic copy number variants (SCNVs), gene expression, lncRNA expression and DNA methylation levels. We found that GBM patients had a higher mutation frequency and SCNVs than LGG patients. Differential mRNAs and lncRNAs between GBM and LGG were identified and a differential mRNA-lncRNA network was constructed and analyzed. We also discovered some differential DNA methylation sites could distinguish between GBM and LGG samples. Finally, we identified some key GBM- and LGG-specific genes featuring multiple-level molecular alterations. These specific genes participate in diverse functions; moreover, GBM-specific genes are enriched in the glioma pathway. Overall, our studies explored the distinctions between GMB and LGG using a comprehensive genomics approach that may provide novel insights into studying the mechanism and treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianjian Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Kong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chunrui Bo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Kuo Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Si Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Huixue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia Shen
- Division of Growth and Development and Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mian Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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66
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Chumakova AP, Hitomi M, Sulman EP, Lathia JD. High-Throughput Automated Single-Cell Imaging Analysis Reveals Dynamics of Glioblastoma Stem Cell Population During State Transition. Cytometry A 2019; 95:290-301. [PMID: 30729665 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a heterogeneous and dynamic self-renewing population that stands at the top of tumor cellular hierarchy and contribute to tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. As methods of CSC isolation and functional interrogation advance, there is a need for a reliable and accessible quantitative approach to assess heterogeneity and state transition dynamics in CSCs. We developed a high-throughput automated single cell imaging analysis (HASCIA) approach for the quantitative assessment of protein expression with single-cell resolution and applied the method to investigate spatiotemporal factors that influence CSC state transition using glioblastoma (GBM) CSCs (GSCs) as a model system. We were able to validate the quantitative nature of this approach through comparison of the protein expression levels determined by HASCIA to those determined by immunoblotting. A virtue of HASCIA was exemplified by detection of a subpopulation of SOX2-low cells, which expanded in fraction size during state transition. HASCIA also revealed that GSCs were committed to loose stem cell state at an earlier time point than the average SOX2 level decreased. Functional assessment of stem cell frequency in combination with the quantification of SOX2 expression by HASCIA defined a stable cutoff of SOX2 expression level for stem cell state. We also developed an approach to assess local cell density and found that denser monolayer areas possess higher average levels of SOX2, higher cell diversity, and a presence of a sub-population of slowly proliferating SOX2-low GSCs. HASCIA is an open source software that facilitates understanding the dynamics of heterogeneous cell population such as that of GSCs and their progeny. It is a powerful and easy-to-use image analysis and statistical analysis tool available at https://hascia.lerner.ccf.org. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia P Chumakova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Masahiro Hitomi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erik P Sulman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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67
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Wang H, Jiang H, Van De Gucht M, De Ridder M. Hypoxic Radioresistance: Can ROS Be the Key to Overcome It? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010112. [PMID: 30669417 PMCID: PMC6357097 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer and kills cancer cells via generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Incorporating radiation with pharmacological ROS inducers, therefore, has been widely investigated as an approach to enhance aerobic radiosensitization. However, this strategy was overlooked in hypoxic counterpart, one of the most important causes of radiotherapy failure, due to the notion that hypoxic cells are immune to ROS insults because of the shortage of ROS substrate oxygen. Paradoxically, evidence reveals that ROS are produced more in hypoxic than normoxic cells and serve as signaling molecules that render cells adaptive to hypoxia. As a result, hypoxic tumor cells heavily rely on antioxidant systems to sustain the ROS homeostasis. Thereby, they become sensitive to insults that impair the ROS detoxification network, which has been verified in diverse models with or without radiation. Of note, hypoxic radioresistance has been overviewed in different contexts. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to systemically summarize the interplay among radiation, hypoxia, and ROS, and to discuss whether perturbation of ROS homeostasis could provide a new avenue to tackle hypoxic radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Heng Jiang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Melissa Van De Gucht
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mark De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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68
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Sattiraju A, Mintz A. Pericytes in Glioblastomas: Multifaceted Role Within Tumor Microenvironments and Potential for Therapeutic Interventions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1147:65-91. [PMID: 31147872 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16908-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and lethal disease that often results in a poor prognosis. Unlike most solid tumors, GBM is characterized by diffuse infiltrating margins, extensive angiogenesis, hypoxia, necrosis, and clonal heterogeneity. Recurrent disease is an unavoidable consequence for many patients as standard treatment options such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have proven to be insufficient in causing long-term survival benefits. Systemic delivery of promising drugs is hindered due to the blood-brain barrier and non-uniform perfusion within GBM tissue. In recent years, many investigations have highlighted the role of GBM stem cells (GSCs) and their microenvironment in the initiation and maintenance of tumor tissue. Preclinical and early clinical studies to target GSCs and microenvironmental components are currently underway. Of these strategies, immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors and redirected cytotoxic T cells have shown promising results in early investigations. But, GBM microenvironment is heterogenous and recent investigations have shown cell populations within this microenvironment to be plastic. These studies underline the importance of identifying the role of and targeting multiple cell populations within the GBM microenvironment which could have a synergistic effect when combined with novel therapies. Pericytes are multipotent perivascular cells that play a vital role within the GBM microenvironment by assisting in tumor initiation, survival, and progression. Due to their role in regulating the blood-brain barrier permeability, promoting angiogenesis, tumor growth, clearing extracellular matrix for infiltrating GBM cells and in helping GBM cells evade immune surveillance, pericytes could be ideal therapeutic targets for stymieing or exploiting their role within the GBM microenvironment. This chapter will introduce hallmarks of GBM and elaborate on the contributions of pericytes to these hallmarks by examining recent findings. In addition, the chapter also highlights the therapeutic value of targeting pericytes, while discussing conventional and novel GBM therapies and obstacles to their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sattiraju
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Peyraga G, Robaine N, Khalifa J, Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal E, Payoux P, Laprie A. Molecular PET imaging in adaptive radiotherapy: brain. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE (AIMN) [AND] THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF RADIOPHARMACOLOGY (IAR), [AND] SECTION OF THE SOCIETY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 62:337-348. [PMID: 30497232 DOI: 10.23736/s1824-4785.18.03116-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to their heterogeneity and radioresistance, the prognosis of primitive brain tumors, which are mainly glial tumors, remains poor. Dose escalation in radioresistant areas is a potential issue for improving local control and overall survival. This review focuses on advances in biological and metabolic imaging of brain tumors that are proving to be essential for defining tumor target volumes in radiation therapy (RT) and for increasing the use of DPRT (dose painting RT) and ART (adaptative RT), to optimize dose in radio-resistant areas. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Various biological imaging modalities such as PET (hypoxia, glucidic metabolism, protidic metabolism, cellular proliferation, inflammation, cellular membrane synthesis) and MRI (spectroscopy) may be used to identify these areas of radioresistance. The integration of these biological imaging modalities improves the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of brain tumors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Technological improvements (PET and MRI), the development of research, and intensive cooperation between different departments are necessary before using daily metabolic imaging (PET and MRI) to treat patients with brain tumors. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation of treatment volumes during RT (ART) seems promising, but its development requires improvements in several areas and an interdisciplinary approach involving radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy. We review the literature on biological imaging to outline the perspectives for using DPRT and ART in brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Peyraga
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Claudius Regaud Institute, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Nesrine Robaine
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Claudius Regaud Institute, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Khalifa
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Claudius Regaud Institute, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan-Moyal
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Claudius Regaud Institute, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France.,Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Purpan University Hospital Center, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Laprie
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Claudius Regaud Institute, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France - .,Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
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Gulaia V, Kumeiko V, Shved N, Cicinskas E, Rybtsov S, Ruzov A, Kagansky A. Molecular Mechanisms Governing the Stem Cell's Fate in Brain Cancer: Factors of Stemness and Quiescence. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:388. [PMID: 30510501 PMCID: PMC6252330 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence is a reversible, non-cycling state controlled by epigenetic, transcriptional and niche-associated molecular factors. Quiescence is a condition where molecular signaling pathways maintain the poised cell-cycle state whilst enabling rapid cell cycle re-entry. To achieve therapeutic breakthroughs in oncology it is crucial to decipher these molecular mechanisms employed by the cancerous milieu to control, maintain and gear stem cells towards re-activation. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have been extensively studied in most malignancies, including glioma. Here, the aberrant niche activities skew the quiescence/activation equilibrium, leading to rapid tumor relapse after surgery and/or chemotherapy. Unraveling quiescence mechanisms promises to afford prevention of (often multiple) relapses, a key problem in current glioma treatment. This review article covers the current knowledge regarding normal and aberrant cellular quiescence control whilst also exploring how different molecular mechanisms and properties of the neighboring cells can influence the molecular processes behind glioma stem cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Gulaia
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nikita Shved
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Eduardas Cicinskas
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Bioassays, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Institute for Stem Cell Research, Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, SCRM Bioquarter, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey Ruzov
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling (STEM), Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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Abdul KU, Houweling M, Svensson F, Narayan RS, Cornelissen FMG, Küçükosmanoglu A, Metzakopian E, Watts C, Bailey D, Wurdinger T, Westerman BA. WINDOW consortium: A path towards increased therapy efficacy against glioblastoma. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 40:17-24. [PMID: 30439622 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant form of brain cancer, for which the standard treatment is maximal surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, mean overall survival remains less than 15 months, during which extensive tumor infiltration throughout the brain occurs. The resulting metastasized cells in the brain are characterized by chemotherapy resistance and extensive intratumoral heterogeneity. An orthogonal approach attacking both intracellular resistance mechanisms as well as intercellular heterogeneity is necessary to halt tumor progression. For this reason, we established the WINDOW Consortium (Window for Improvement for Newly Diagnosed patients by Overcoming disease Worsening), in which we are establishing a strategy for rational selection and development of effective therapies against glioblastoma. Here, we overview the many challenges posed in treating glioblastoma, including selection of drug combinations that prevent therapy resistance, the need for drugs that have improved blood brain barrier penetration and strategies to counter heterogeneous cell populations within patients. Together, this forms the backbone of our strategy to attack glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom U Abdul
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Megan Houweling
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi S Narayan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Fleur M G Cornelissen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Asli Küçükosmanoglu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David Bailey
- IOTA Pharmaceuticals Ltd, St Johns Innovation Centre, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WS, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Wurdinger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart A Westerman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Muracciole X, El-Amine W, Tabouret E, Boucekine M, Barlier A, Petrirena G, Harivony T, Solignac L, Chinot OL, Macagno N, Figarella-Branger D, Padovani L. Negative Survival Impact of High Radiation Doses to Neural Stem Cells Niches in an IDH-Wild-Type Glioblastoma Population. Front Oncol 2018; 8:426. [PMID: 30338243 PMCID: PMC6180179 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Assess the impact of radiation doses to neural stem cell (NSC) niches in patients with IDH-wild-type glioblastoma. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients were included in the study. NSC niches [SubVentricular Zone (SVZ) and Sub Granular Zone (SGZ)] were contoured by fusing CT scans and pre-therapy MRI, Tumor location defined ipsilateral and contralateral SVZ and SGZ. Prognostic significance of clinical, biological and dosimetric parameters were examined. We generated a Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) model with independent prognostic classes. Results: Median follow-up: 23.8 months. Event free and overall survival (OS): 10 and 19.1 months. Incomplete surgery, PTV (planning target volume), ipsilateral SVZ or NSC niche mean dose > 57.4 Gy, contralateral NSC niche mean dose > 35 Gy and bilateral NSC niche mean dose > 44 Gy were significantly correlated with reduced OS. Only EGFR amplification was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.019) for OS. RPA generated independent risk groups: 1 (low risk): [ipsilateral NSC mean dose (INMD) < 58.01 Gy and methylated MGMT promoter], 2: (INMD < 58.01 Gy and unmethylated MGMT promoter and contralateral SVZ mean dose < 18.6 Gy; p = 0.43), 3: (INMD < 58.01 Gy and unmethylated MGMT promoter and contralateral SVZ mean dose > 18.6 Gy; p = 0.002) and 4: (very high risk) (INMD > 58.01 Gy; p < 0.001). Conclusion: High radiation doses to ipsilateral NSC and contralateral SVZ could have a negative impact on overall survival in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Muracciole
- Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Wassim El-Amine
- Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Emmeline Tabouret
- Neuro-Oncology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Angiogenesis and Micro Environnment UMR 911 CRO2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Boucekine
- Unity of Research EA3279, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Barlier
- Molecular Biology and Oncogenetics Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Gregorio Petrirena
- Neuro-Oncology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Tovo Harivony
- Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Solignac
- Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier L Chinot
- Neuro-Oncology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Angiogenesis and Micro Environnment UMR 911 CRO2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Neuropathology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Angiogenesis and Micro Environnment UMR 911 CRO2, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Neuropathology Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Padovani
- Radiotherapy Department, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,CRCM INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258 AMU UM105, Genome Instability and Carcinogenesis, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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73
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Guo P, Yu Y, Tian Z, Lin Y, Qiu Y, Yao W, Zhang L. Upregulation of miR-96 promotes radioresistance in glioblastoma cells via targeting PDCD4. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1591-1600. [PMID: 30066909 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most deadly brain tumor, and it is characterized by extremely poor therapeutic response and overall survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy remains the standard of care following surgical resection. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms conferring radioresistance in GBM is extremely urgent. In the present study, miR-96 was demonstrated to be significantly upregulated in radioresistant GBM cells. Knockdown of miR-96 in the radioresistant GBM cells T98G elevated the % of apoptotic cells and reduced their clonogenic formation ability following radiotherapy. By contrast, overexpression of miR-96 in the radiosensitive GBM cells U87-MG reduced the % of apoptotic cells and increased their clonogenic formation ability following radiotherapy. Results from phosphorylated-H2A histone family member X (γH2AX) foci staining and comet assays revealed that miR-96 enhanced the DNA repair processes. Furthermore, miR-96 overexpression conferred radioresistance by downregulating programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4). Luciferase assay results revealed that miR-96 bound to the 3'UTR of PDCD4 mRNA. Finally, U87-MG cells regained radiosensitivity following PDCD4 overexpression. Taken together, the present is the first study to establish that upregulation of miR-96 in GBM cells confers radioresistance via targeting PDCD4, which might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zibin Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Weicheng Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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74
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Siragusa G, Dehcordi SR, Luzzi S, Cimini A, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Involvement of NOS2 Activity on Human Glioma Cell Growth, Clonogenic Potential, and Neurosphere Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092801. [PMID: 30227679 PMCID: PMC6165034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2) expression has been suggested as an interesting therapeutic target that is being implicated as a component of the molecular profile of several human malignant tumors, including glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive brain tumor with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of 1400W, a specific NOS2 inhibitor, on human glioma cells in terms of clonogenic potential, proliferation, migration rate, and neurosphere generation ability. NOS2 expression was determined by Western blotting. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured through nitrite level determination. The trypan blue exclusion test and the plate colony formation assay were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and clonogenic potential. Cell proliferation and migration ability was assessed by the in vitro wound-healing assay. Neurosphere generation in a specific stemcell medium was investigated. NOS2 was confirmed to be expressed in both the glioma cell line and a human glioma primary culture, and overexpressed in relative derived neurospheres. Experiments that aimed to evaluate the influence of 1400W on U-87 MG, T98G (glioblastoma cell lines) and primary glioma cells sustained the crucial role played by NOS2 in proliferation, colony formation, migration, and neurosphere generation, thus supporting the emerging relevance of a NOS2/NO system as a prognostic factor for glioma malignancy and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Siragusa
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | | | - Sabino Luzzi
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - AnnaMaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Building Delta 6, Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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75
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Bai J, Xiao L, Tao Z, Cao B, Han Y, Fan W, Kong X, Ma X, Gao Y, Bi L, Chen W, Shi B, Liu X. Ectopic expression of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 in glioma and enhances resistance to apoptosis through activating nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4391-4399. [PMID: 30214574 PMCID: PMC6126155 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of B cells (NF-κB) is one of the most important tumorigenic factors. Although it has been established that NF-κB is overly activated in human glioma cells, the molecular mechanisms that lead to the signal transduction to NF-κB and thereby the induction of resistance to apoptosis remain poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that mRNA and protein levels of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 2 (MIB2) were markedly upregulated in glioma cell lines and clinical samples. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed high levels of MIB2 expression in glioma specimens. Ectopic overexpression of MIB2 was established in glioma cell lines to investigate its fundamental roles in the response of human glioma to apoptotic inducers. The results indicated that ultraviolet irradiation-induced cell apoptosis was inhibited with MIB2 overexpression in glioma cells. Notably, knockdown of MIB2 using RNA interference was able to increase the sensitivity of glioma cells to the pro-apoptotic agents. The present study identified that MIB2 induces NF-κB activation and facilitates the resistance of glioma cell to apoptosis. It was proposed that MIB2 may not only be an important hallmark to glioma disease progression, but that it may also offer novel clinical strategies to overcome resistance to cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Bai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China.,Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Command, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Bingzhen Cao
- Experimental Animal Centre, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Han
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wenmei Fan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xihui Ma
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Lili Bi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xicheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 5188020, P.R. China
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76
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The Involvement of PPARs in the Peculiar Energetic Metabolism of Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071907. [PMID: 29966227 PMCID: PMC6073339 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy homeostasis is crucial for cell fate, since all cellular activities are strongly dependent on the balance between catabolic and anabolic pathways. In particular, the modulation of metabolic and energetic pathways in cancer cells has been discussed in some reports, but subsequently has been neglected for a long time. Meanwhile, over the past 20 years, a recovery of the study regarding cancer metabolism has led to an increasing consideration of metabolic alterations in tumors. Cancer cells must adapt their metabolism to meet their energetic and biosynthetic demands, which are associated with the rapid growth of the primary tumor and colonization of distinct metastatic sites. Cancer cells are largely dependent on aerobic glycolysis for their energy production, but are also associated with increased fatty acid synthesis and increased rates of glutamine consumption. In fact, emerging evidence has shown that therapeutic resistance to cancer treatment may arise from the deregulation of glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine consumption. Cancer cells exhibit a series of metabolic alterations induced by mutations that lead to a gain-of-function of oncogenes, and a loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes, including increased glucose consumption, reduced mitochondrial respiration, an increase of reactive oxygen species, and cell death resistance; all of these are responsible for cancer progression. Cholesterol metabolism is also altered in cancer cells and supports uncontrolled cell growth. In this context, we discuss the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are master regulators of cellular energetic metabolism in the deregulation of the energetic homeostasis, which is observed in cancer. We highlight the different roles of PPAR isotypes and the differential control of their transcription in various cancer cells.
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77
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Angelucci C, D'Alessio A, Lama G, Binda E, Mangiola A, Vescovi AL, Proietti G, Masuelli L, Bei R, Fazi B, Ciafrè SA, Sica G. Cancer stem cells from peritumoral tissue of glioblastoma multiforme: the possible missing link between tumor development and progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28116-28130. [PMID: 29963265 PMCID: PMC6021333 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to be responsible for gliomagenesis, resistance to treatment and recurrence. Unfortunately, the prognosis for GBM remains poor and recurrence frequently occurs in the peritumoral tissue within 2 cm from the tumor edge. In this area, a population of CSCs has been demonstrated which may recapitulate the tumor after surgical resection. In the present study, we aimed to characterize CSCs derived from both peritumoral tissue (PCSCs) and GBM (GCSCs) in order to deepen their significance in GBM development and progression. The stemness of PCSC/GCSC pairs obtained from four human GBM surgical specimens was investigated by comparing the expression of specific stem cell markers such as Nestin, Musashi-1 and SOX2. In addition, the growth rate, the ultrastructural features and the expression of other molecules such as c-Met, pMet and MAP kinases, involved in cell migration/invasion, maintenance of tumor stemness and/or resistance to treatments were evaluated. Since it has been recently demonstrated the involvement of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the progression of gliomas, the expression of H19 lncRNA, as well as of one of its two mature products miR-675-5p was evaluated in neurospheres. Our results show significant differences between GCSCs and PCSCs in terms of proliferation, ultrastructural peculiarities and, at a lower extent, stemness profile. These differences might be important in view of their potential role as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Angelucci
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio D'Alessio
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Gina Lama
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Binda
- Cancer Stem Cells Unit, IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Istituto di Neurochirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, ISBReMIT-Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies, Opera di San Pio da Pietrelcina, S. Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy.,Hyperstem SA, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fazi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Anna Ciafrè
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore-Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
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78
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Gdynia G, Robak T, Kopitz J, Heller A, Grekova S, Duglova K, Laukemper G, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Gutenbrunner C, Roth W, Ho AD, Schirmacher P, Schmitt M, Dreger P, Sellner L. Distinct Activities of Glycolytic Enzymes Identify Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients with a more Aggressive Course and Resistance to Chemo-Immunotherapy. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:125-133. [PMID: 29884457 PMCID: PMC6021262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher capacity to grow under hypoxic conditions can lead to a more aggressive behavior of tumor cells. Determining tumor activity under hypoxia may identify chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with aggressive clinical course and predict response to chemo-immunotherapy (CIT). A metabolic score was generated by determining pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, key enzymes of glycolysis, ex vivo in primary CLL samples under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This score was further correlated with clinical endpoints and response to CIT in 96 CLL patients. 45 patients were classified as metabolic high risk (HR), 51 as low risk (LR). Treatment-free survival (TFS) was significantly shorter in HR patients (median 394 vs 723 days, p = .021). 15 HR patients and 14 LR patients received CIT after sample acquisition. HR patients had a significantly shorter progression-free survival after treatment compared to LR patients (median 216 days vs not reached, p = .008). Multivariate analysis evaluating age, IGHV, TP53 deletion or mutation and 11q22–23 deletion besides the capacity of tumor cells to grow under severe hypoxic conditions identified the metabolic profile as the strongest independent risk factor for shorter TFS (hazard ratio 2.37, p = .011). The metabolic risk can provide prognostic and predictive information complementary to genetic biomarkers and identify patients who might benefit from alternative treatment approaches. The activity of distinct glycolytic enzymes can identify CLL patients with resistance to chemo-immunotherapy The activity of distinct glycolytic enzymes can identify CLL patients who may benefit from specific pathway inhibitors We provide a tool for the evaluation of specific glycolytic enzymes in primary CLL cells for clinical diagnostics
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gdynia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Medical University of Lodz, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jürgen Kopitz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anette Heller
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svetlana Grekova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Duglova
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gloria Laukemper
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Dreger
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leopold Sellner
- Department of Medicine V, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.
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79
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Melamed JR, Morgan JT, Ioele SA, Gleghorn JP, Sims-Mourtada J, Day ES. Investigating the role of Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling in glioblastoma cell response to temozolomide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27000-27015. [PMID: 29930746 PMCID: PMC6007474 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy substantially hinders successful glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, contributing to an almost 100% mortality rate. Resistance to the frontline chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), arises from numerous signaling pathways that are deregulated in GBM, including Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we investigate suppression of Hh signaling as an adjuvant to TMZ using U87-MG and T98G cell lines as in vitro models of GBM. We found that silencing GLI1 with siRNA reduces cell metabolic activity by up to 30% in combination with TMZ and reduces multidrug efflux activity by 2.5-fold. Additionally, pharmacological GLI inhibition modulates nuclear p53 levels and decreases MGMT expression in combination with TMZ. While we surprisingly found that silencing GLI1 does not induce apoptosis in the absence of TMZ co-treatment, we discovered silencing GLI1 without TMZ co-treatment induces senescence as evidenced by a significant 2.3-fold increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase staining, and this occurs in a loss of PTEN-dependent manner. Finally, we show that GLI inhibition increases apoptosis in glioma stem-like cells by up to 6.8-fold in combination with TMZ, and this reduces the size and number of neurospheres grown from glioma stem-like cells. In aggregate, our data warrant the continued investigation of Hh pathway inhibitors as adjuvants to TMZ chemotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying signaling pathways that determine whether co-treatment will be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua T Morgan
- Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Stephen A Ioele
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jason P Gleghorn
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Emily S Day
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, DE, USA.,Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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80
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Sattiraju A, Sai KKS, Mintz A. Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Their Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1041:119-140. [PMID: 29204831 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant astrocytoma associated with a poor patient survival. Apart from arising de novo, GBMs also occur due to progression of slower growing grade III astrocytomas. GBM is characterized by extensive hypoxia, angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion. Standard treatment options such as surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy have increased median patient survival to 14.6 months in adults but recurrent disease arising from treatment resistant cancer cells often results in patient mortality. These treatment resistant cancer cells have been found to exhibit stem cell like properties. Strategies to identify or target these Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSC) have proven to be unsuccessful so far. Studies on cancer stem cells (CSC) within GBM and other cancers have highlighted the importance of paracrine signaling networks within their microenvironment on the growth and maintenance of CSCs. The study of GSCs and their communication with various cell populations within their microenvironment is therefore not only important to understand the biology of GBMs but also to predict response to therapies and to identify novel targets which could stymy support to treatment resistant cancer cells and prevent disease recurrence. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce the concept of GSCs and to detail the latest findings indicating the role of various cellular subtypes within their microenvironment on their survival, proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sattiraju
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.
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81
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Chekhonin IV, Chistiakov DA, Grinenko NF, Gurina OI. Glioma Cell and Astrocyte Co-cultures As a Model to Study Tumor–Tissue Interactions: A Review of Methods. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1179-1195. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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82
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Hira VV, Aderetti DA, van Noorden CJ. Glioma Stem Cell Niches in Human Glioblastoma Are Periarteriolar. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:349-358. [PMID: 29328867 PMCID: PMC5958355 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417752676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of primary brain tumor (glioblastoma) patients is seriously hampered by glioma stem cells (GSCs) that are distinct therapy-resistant self-replicating pluripotent cancer cells. GSCs reside in GSC niches, which are specific protective microenvironments in glioblastoma tumors. We have recently found that GSC niches are hypoxic periarteriolar, whereas in most studies, GSC niches are identified as hypoxic perivascular. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the literature on perivascular GSC niches to establish whether these are periarteriolar, pericapillary, perivenular, and/or perilymphatic. We found six publications showing images of human glioblastoma tissue containing perivascular GSC niches without any specification of the vessel type. However, it is frequently assumed that these vessels are capillaries which are exchange vessels, whereas arterioles and venules are transport vessels. Closer inspection of the figures of these publications showed vessels that were not capillaries. Whether these vessels were arterioles or venules was difficult to determine in one case, but in the other cases, these were clearly arterioles and their perivascular niches were similar to the periarteriolar niches we have found. Therefore, we conclude that in human glioblastoma tumors, GSC niches are hypoxic periarteriolar and are structurally and functionally look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell niches in the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A. Aderetti
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J.F. van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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83
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Aderetti DA, Hira VVV, Molenaar RJ, van Noorden CJF. The hypoxic peri-arteriolar glioma stem cell niche, an integrated concept of five types of niches in human glioblastoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:346-354. [PMID: 29684521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain tumor and poor survival of glioblastoma patients is attributed to the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). These therapy-resistant, quiescent and pluripotent cells reside in GSC niches, which are specific microenvironments that protect GSCs against radiotherapy and chemotherapy. We previously showed the existence of hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma tumor samples. However, other studies have described peri-vascular niches, peri-hypoxic niches, peri-immune niches and extracellular matrix niches of GSCs. The aim of this review was to critically evaluate the literature on these five different types of GSC niches. In the present review, we describe that the five niche types are not distinct from one another, but should be considered to be parts of one integral GSC niche model, the hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niche. Moreover, hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches are structural and functional look-alikes of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in the bone marrow. GSCs are maintained in peri-arteriolar niches by the same receptor-ligand interactions as HSCs in bone marrow. Our concept should be rigidly tested in the near future and applied to develop therapies to expel and keep GSCs out of their protective niches to render them more vulnerable to standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Aderetti
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam at the Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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84
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Broekman W, Khedoe PPSJ, Schepers K, Roelofs H, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS. Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel therapy for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Thorax 2018; 73:565-574. [PMID: 29653970 PMCID: PMC5969341 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD is characterised by tissue destruction and inflammation. Given the lack of curative treatments and the progressive nature of the disease, new treatments for COPD are highly relevant. In vitro cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to modify immune responses and to enhance tissue repair. These properties of MSCs provided a rationale to investigate their potential for treatment of a variety of diseases, including COPD. Preclinical models support the hypothesis that MSCs may have clinical efficacy in COPD. However, although clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of MSC treatment, thus far they have not provided evidence for MSC efficacy in the treatment of COPD. In this review, we discuss the rationale for MSC-based cell therapy in COPD, the main findings from in vitro and in vivo preclinical COPD model studies, clinical trials in patients with COPD and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred Broekman
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Padmini P S J Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schepers
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Roelofs
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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85
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Mikhailova V, Gulaia V, Tiasto V, Rybtsov S, Yatsunskaya M, Kagansky A. Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:91-112. [PMID: 31435515 PMCID: PMC6698577 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Mikhailova
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS 159, Stoletij Vladivostoku Avenue, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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86
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Hide T, Komohara Y, Miyasato Y, Nakamura H, Makino K, Takeya M, Kuratsu JI, Mukasa A, Yano S. Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells and Macrophages/Microglia Produce Glioma Stem Cell Niches at the Tumor Border. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:94-104. [PMID: 29559295 PMCID: PMC5952226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) usually develops in adult brain white matter. Even after complete resection, GBM recurs around the tumor removal cavity, where GBM cells acquire chemo-radioresistance. Characterization of the tumor border microenvironment is critical for improving prognosis in patients with GBM. Here, we compared microRNA (miRNA) expression in samples from the tumor, tumor border, and periphery by miRNA microarray. The top three of miRNAs showing higher expression in the tumor border were related to oligodendrocyte differentiation, and pathologically oligodendrocyte lineage cells were increased in the border, where macrophages and microglia also colocalized. Medium cultured with oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and macrophages induced stemness and chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells, similar to that produced by FGF1, EGF and HB-EGF, IL-1β, corresponding to OPCs and macrophages, respectively. Thus, OPCs and macrophages/microglia may form a glioma stem cell niche at the tumor border, representing a promising target for prevention of recurrence. Most cases of glioblastoma recur in white matter around the removal cavity after total resection plus chemo-radiotherapy. miRNAs showing characteristically higher expression in the tumor border were related to oligodendrocyte differentiation. Increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and macrophages enhance stemness and chemo-radioresistance in glioma cells.
Glioblastoma (GBM) occurs in adult brain and shows rapid growth and invasion. Despite intensive treatment, the mean 5-year survival rate is still <10%. Most cases of GBM recur locally even after total resection of gadolinium-enhanced lesions observed with MRI, indicating that chemo-radioresistant GBM cells survive there. MicroRNAs showing characteristically higher expression in the tumor border were related to oligodendrocyte differentiation. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and macrophages/microglia increased at tumor borders, and induced stemness and chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells in vivo. Thus, OPCs and macrophages/microglia formed characteristic microenvironments and may be promising targets to prevent GBM recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Komohara
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Yuko Miyasato
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Keishi Makino
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kuratsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Akitake Mukasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Liu J, Liu Y, Xie T, Luo L, Xu C, Gao Q, Shen L, Wan F, Lei T, Ye F. Radiation-induced G2/M arrest rarely occurred in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:394-402. [PMID: 29463172 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to systematically study the cell-cycle alterations of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) after irradiation, possibly enriching the mechanisms of radioresistance of GSLCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS GSLCs were enriched and identified, and then the radioresistance of GSLCs was validated by analyzing cell survival, cell proliferation, and radiation-induced apoptosis. The discrepancy of the cell-cycle distribution and expression of cell-cycle-related proteins between GSLCs and glioblastoma differentiated cells (GDCs) after irradiation was completely analyzed. RESULTS The survival fractions and the cell viabilities of GSLCs were significantly higher than those of GDCs after irradiation. Radiation-induced apoptosis was less prominent in GSLCs than in GDCs. After irradiation with high-dose X-rays, the percentages of GDCs in G2/M phase was evidently increased. However, radiation-induced G2/M arrest occurred less frequently in GSLCs, but S-phase arrest occurred in GSLCs after irradiation with 8 Gy. Further mechanistic studies showed that the expressions levels of Cdc25c, Cdc2, and CyclinB1 in GSLCs were not apparently changed after irradiation, while those of p-ATM and p-Chk1 were sharply increased after irradiation in GSLCs. The basal level of Cdc25c expression in GSLCs was much higher than that in GDCs. CONCLUSIONS We explored the cell-cycle alterations and cell-cycle-related proteins expression levels in GSLCs after irradiation, providing a novel mechanism of radioresistance of GSLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Tao Xie
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Longjun Luo
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Cheng Xu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Qinglei Gao
- b Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education) , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Lu Shen
- c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Feng Wan
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Ting Lei
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
| | - Fei Ye
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , PR China
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88
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Reactive Astrocytes in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6927-6938. [PMID: 29363044 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0880-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the multidisciplinary integration in the therapeutic management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the prognosis of GBM patients is poor. There is growing recognition that the cells in the tumor microenvironment play a vital role in regulating the progression of glioma. Astrocytes are an important component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as the tripartite synapse neural network to promote bidirectional communication with neurons under physiological conditions. Emerging evidence shows that tumor-associated reactive astrocytes interact with glioma cells and facilitate the progression, aggression, and survival of tumors by releasing different cytokines. Communication between reactive astrocytes and glioma cells is further promoted through ion channels and ion transporters, which augment the migratory capacity and invasiveness of tumor cells by modifying H+ and Ca2+ concentrations and stimulating volume changes in the cell. This in part contributes to the loss of epithelial polarization, initiating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, this review will summarize the recent findings on the role of reactive astrocytes in the progression of GBM and in the development of treatment-resistant glioma. In addition, the involvement of ion channels and transporters in bridging the interactions between tumor cells and astrocytes and their potential as new therapeutic anti-tumor targets will be discussed.
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89
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Mostovenko E, Végvári Á, Rezeli M, Lichti CF, Fenyö D, Wang Q, Lang FF, Sulman EP, Sahlin KB, Marko-Varga G, Nilsson CL. Large Scale Identification of Variant Proteins in Glioma Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:73-79. [PMID: 29254333 PMCID: PMC6008157 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most malignant of primary brain tumors, is a devastating and deadly disease, with a median survival of 14 months from diagnosis, despite standard regimens of radical brain tumor surgery, maximal safe radiation, and concomitant chemotherapy. GBM tumors nearly always re-emerge after initial treatment and frequently display resistance to current treatments. One theory that may explain GBM re-emergence is the existence of glioma stemlike cells (GSCs). We sought to identify variant protein features expressed in low passage GSCs derived from patient tumors. To this end, we developed a proteomic database that reflected variant and nonvariant sequences in the human proteome, and applied a novel retrograde proteomic workflow, to identify and validate the expression of 126 protein variants in 33 glioma stem cell strains. These newly identified proteins may harbor a subset of novel protein targets for future development of GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Mostovenko
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1217 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Cheryl F. Lichti
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, 1217 E. Marshall St., Richmond, VA 23284
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, Missouri, 63110
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10016, United States
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Frederick F. Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Erik P. Sulman
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - K. Barbara Sahlin
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carol L. Nilsson
- Center of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Klinikgatan 32, Lund, SE-221 84 Sweden
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90
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Hira VVV, Wormer JR, Kakar H, Breznik B, van der Swaan B, Hulsbos R, Tigchelaar W, Tonar Z, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Van Noorden CJF. Periarteriolar Glioblastoma Stem Cell Niches Express Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Proteins. J Histochem Cytochem 2018; 66:155-173. [PMID: 29297738 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417749174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In glioblastoma, a fraction of malignant cells consists of therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) residing in protective niches that recapitulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. We have previously shown that HSC niche proteins stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin (OPN), and cathepsin K (CatK) are expressed in hypoxic GSC niches around arterioles in five human glioblastoma samples. In HSC niches, HSCs are retained by binding of SDF-1α and OPN to their receptors CXCR4 and CD44, respectively. Protease CatK cleaves SDF-1α to release HSCs out of niches. The aim of the present study was to reproduce the immunohistochemical localization of these GSC markers in 16 human glioblastoma samples with the addition of three novel markers. Furthermore, we assessed the type of blood vessels associated with GSC niches. In total, we found seven GSC niches containing CD133-positive and nestin-positive GSCs as a single-cell layer exclusively around the tunica adventitia of 2% of the CD31-positive and SMA-positive arterioles and not around capillaries and venules. Niches expressed SDF-1α, CXCR4, CatK, OPN, CD44, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor. In conclusion, we show that GSC niches are present around arterioles and express bone marrow HSC niche proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jill R Wormer
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hala Kakar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Britt van der Swaan
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wikky Tigchelaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zbynek Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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91
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Thomas TM, Yu JS. Metabolic regulation of glioma stem-like cells in the tumor micro-environment. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:174-181. [PMID: 28743531 PMCID: PMC5790120 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolism has emerged as one of the most interesting old ideas being revisited from a new perspective. In the early 20th century Otto Warburg declared metabolism the prime cause in a disease of many secondary causes, and this statement seems more prescient in view of modern expositions into the true nature of tumor evolution. As the complexity of tumor heterogeneity becomes more clear from a genetic perspective, it is important to consider the inevitably heterogeneous metabolic components of the tumor and the tumor microenvironment. High grade gliomas remain one of the most difficult to treat solid tumors, due in part to the highly vascularized nature of the tumor and the maintenance of more resistant stem-like subpopulations within the tumor. Maintenance of glioma stem cells (GSCs) requires specific alterations within the cells and the greater tumor microenvironment with regards to signaling and metabolism. Specific niches within gliomas help foster the survival of stem-like sub-populations of cells with high tumorigenicity and high metabolic plasticity. Understanding these maintenance pathways and the metabolic dependencies within the niche may highlight potential avenues of addressing tumor resistance and recurrence in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom M Thomas
- Maxine-Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John S Yu
- Maxine-Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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92
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Kulkarni S, Goel-Bhattacharya S, Sengupta S, Cochran BH. A Large-Scale RNAi Screen Identifies SGK1 as a Key Survival Kinase for GBM Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 16:103-114. [PMID: 28993509 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common type of primary malignant brain cancer and has a very poor prognosis. A subpopulation of cells known as GBM stem-like cells (GBM-SC) have the capacity to initiate and sustain tumor growth and possess molecular characteristics similar to the parental tumor. GBM-SCs are known to be enriched in hypoxic niches and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Therefore, to identify genetic determinants important for the proliferation and survival of GBM stem cells, an unbiased pooled shRNA screen of 10,000 genes was conducted under normoxic as well as hypoxic conditions. A number of essential genes were identified that are required for GBM-SC growth, under either or both oxygen conditions, in two different GBM-SC lines. Interestingly, only about a third of the essential genes were common to both cell lines. The oxygen environment significantly impacts the cellular genetic dependencies as 30% of the genes required under hypoxia were not required under normoxic conditions. In addition to identifying essential genes already implicated in GBM such as CDK4, KIF11, and RAN, the screen also identified new genes that have not been previously implicated in GBM stem cell biology. The importance of the serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) for cellular survival was validated in multiple patient-derived GBM stem cell lines using shRNA, CRISPR, and pharmacologic inhibitors. However, SGK1 depletion and inhibition has little effect on traditional serum grown glioma lines and on differentiated GBM-SCs indicating its specific importance in GBM stem cell survival.Implications: This study identifies genes required for the growth and survival of GBM stem cells under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions and finds SGK1 as a novel potential drug target for GBM. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 103-14. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Kulkarni
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Surbhi Goel-Bhattacharya
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sejuti Sengupta
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brent H Cochran
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences and Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.
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93
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The interference of Notch1 target Hes1 affects cell growth, differentiation and invasiveness of glioblastoma stem cells through modulation of multiple oncogenic targets. Oncotarget 2017; 8:17873-17886. [PMID: 28157712 PMCID: PMC5392293 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive and lethal nature of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) necessitates the continuous identification of molecular targets and search of efficacious therapies to inhibit GBM growth. The GBM resistance to chemotherapy and radiation it is attributed to the existence of a rare fraction of cancer stem cells (CSC) that we have identified within the tumor core and in peritumor tissue of GBM. Since Notch1 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in brain cancer, earlier we highlighted that pharmacological inhibition of Notch1 signalling by γ-secretase inhibitor-X (GSI-X), reduced cell growth of some c-CSC than to their respective p-CSC, but produced negligible effects on cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and cell invasion. In the current study, we assessed the effects of Hes1-targeted shRNA, a Notch1 gene target, specifically on GBM CSC refractory to GSI-X. Depletion of Hes1 protein induces major changes in cell morphology, cell growth rate and in the invasive ability of shHes1-CSC in response to growth factor EGF. shHes1-CSC show a decrease of the stemness marker Nestin concurrently to a marked increase of neuronal marker MAP2 compared to pLKO.1-CSC. Those effects correlated with repression of EGFR protein and modulation of Stat3 phosphorylation at Y705 and S727 residues. In the last decade Stat3 has gained attention as therapeutic target in cancer but there is not yet any approved Stat3-based glioma therapy. Herein, we report that exposure to a Stat3/5 inhibitor, induced apoptosis either in shHes1-CSC or control cells. Taken together, Hes1 seems to be a favorable target but not sufficient itself to target GBM efficaciously, therefore a possible pharmacological intervention should provide for the use of anti-Stat3/5 drugs either alone or in combination regimen.
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94
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Phosphatases and solid tumors: focus on glioblastoma initiation, progression and recurrences. Biochem J 2017; 474:2903-2924. [PMID: 28801478 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatases and cancer have been related for many years now, as these enzymes regulate key cellular functions, including cell survival, migration, differentiation and proliferation. Dysfunctions or mutations affecting these enzymes have been demonstrated to be key factors for oncogenesis. The aim of this review is to shed light on the role of four different phosphatases (PTEN, PP2A, CDC25 and DUSP1) in five different solid tumors (breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and ovarian cancer), in order to better understand the most frequent and aggressive primary cancer of the central nervous system, glioblastoma.
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95
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Volumetric quantification of glioblastoma: experiences with different measurement techniques and impact on survival. J Neurooncol 2017; 135:391-402. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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96
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Fidoamore A, Cristiano L, Laezza C, Galzio R, Benedetti E, Cinque B, Antonosante A, d'Angelo M, Castelli V, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. Energy metabolism in glioblastoma stem cells: PPARα a metabolic adaptor to intratumoral microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108430-108450. [PMID: 29312541 PMCID: PMC5752454 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), the most-common cancer in the adult brain, despite surgery and radio/ chemotherapy, is to date almost incurable. Many hypoxic tumors, including GB, show metabolic reprogramming to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, hypoxic conditions and angiogenesis. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors (PPAR), particularly the α isotype, have been involved in the control of energetic metabolism. Herein, we characterized patient-derived GB neurospheres focusing on their energetic metabolism and PPARα expression. Moreover, we used a specific PPARα antagonist and studied its effects on the energetic metabolism and cell proliferation/survival of GB stem cells. The results obtained demonstrate that tumor neurospheres are metabolically reprogrammed up-regulating glucose transporter, glucose uptake and glycogen and lipid storage, mainly under hypoxic culture conditions. Treatment with the PPARα antagonist GW6471 resulted in decreased cell proliferation and neurospheres formation. Therefore, PPARα antagonism arises as a potent new strategy as adjuvant to gold standard therapies for GB for counteracting recurrences and opening the way for pre-clinical trials for this class of compounds. When tumor neurospheres were grown in hypoxic conditions in the presence of different glucose concentrations, the most diluted one (0.25g/L) mimicking the real concentration present in the neurosphere core, PPARα increase/PPARγ decrease, increased proliferation and cholesterol content, decreased glycogen particles and LDs were observed. All these responses were reverted by the 72 h treatment with the PPARα antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, IEOS, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
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97
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Toyonaga T, Hirata K, Shiga T, Nagara T. Players of 'hypoxia orchestra' - what is the role of FMISO? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017. [PMID: 28634683 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-017-3754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Tohru Shiga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tamaki Nagara
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan, 060-8638, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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98
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Contribution of the Microenvironmental Niche to Glioblastoma Heterogeneity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28630875 PMCID: PMC5467280 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9634172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cancer of the brain. The dismal prognosis is largely attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the tumor, which in addition to intrinsic molecular and genetic changes is also influenced by the microenvironmental niche in which the glioma cells reside. The cancer stem cells (CSCs) hypothesis suggests that all cancers arise from CSCs that possess the ability to self-renew and initiate tumor formation. CSCs reside in specialized niches where interaction with the microenvironment regulates their stem cell behavior. The reciprocal interaction between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and cells from the microenvironment, such as endothelial cells, immune cells, and other parenchymal cells, may also promote angiogenesis, invasion, proliferation, and stemness of the GSCs and be likely to have an underappreciated role in their responsiveness to therapy. This crosstalk may also promote molecular transition of GSCs. Hence the inherent plasticity of GSCs can be seen as an adaptive response, changing according to the signaling cue from the niche. Given the association of GSCs with tumor recurrence and treatment sensitivity, understanding this bidirectional crosstalk between GSCs and its niche may provide a framework to identify more effective therapeutic targets and improve treatment outcome.
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99
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Raysi Dehcordi S, Ricci A, Di Vitantonio H, De Paulis D, Luzzi S, Palumbo P, Cinque B, Tempesta D, Coletti G, Cipolloni G, Cifone MG, Galzio R. Stemness Marker Detection in the Periphery of Glioblastoma and Ability of Glioblastoma to Generate Glioma Stem Cells: Clinical Correlations. World Neurosurg 2017; 105:895-905. [PMID: 28559081 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggested glioma stem cells (GSCs) are key contributors to therapeutic resistance of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and are responsible for GBM recurrence. METHODS We characterized the phenotype of cancer cells in the core and periphery of 20 GBM tumors, correlating clinical outcome to the ability to form GSCs and distinguishing survival based on Ki-67 staining. RESULTS Similar levels of methylguanine-deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase were found in the core and periphery of GBM tumors, whereas Ki-67 was reduced in the periphery. Similar levels of stemness markers in the periphery and in the core of all GBM cultures were found. Only cells expressing >30% SOX2 levels were able to produce neurospheres. Immunophenotypic analysis showed higher levels of stemness markers in GSC cultures than in all GBM primary cultures. GSC in vitro production and coexpression of Ki-67 >5% negatively correlated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS Not all GBM cultures can generate GSCs, and this capacity is linked to >30% SOX2 levels. The ability to form spheres negatively correlated to survival, and the detection of >5% Ki-67 levels may be useful to identify patients at risk of disease progression. The presence of GSC-/SOX-2-/Ki-67- cells may be regarded as a new prognostic factor. The presence of stemness markers and methylguanine-deoxyribonucleic acid methyltransferase in the periphery of GBM tumors may be the reason for treatment failure and recurrence. Development of stem cell-targeted therapies and elaboration of more aggressive treatments represent an opportunity to eliminate the GBM source and the nidus of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Raysi Dehcordi
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Danilo De Paulis
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sabino Luzzi
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Gino Coletti
- Operative Unit of Pathology, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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100
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Palumbo P, Miconi G, Cinque B, Lombardi F, Torre CL, Dehcordi SR, Galzio R, Cimini A, Giordano A, Cifone MG. NOS2 expression in glioma cell lines and glioma primary cell cultures: correlation with neurosphere generation and SOX-2 expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:25582-25598. [PMID: 28424427 PMCID: PMC5421953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide has been implicated in biology and progression of glioblastoma (GBM) being able to influence the cellular signal depending on the concentration and duration of cell exposure. NOS2 (inducible nitric oxide synthase) have been proposed as a component of molecular profile of several tumors, including glioma, one of the most aggressive primary brain tumor featuring local cancer stem cells responsible for enhanced resistance to therapies and for tumor recurrence. Here, we investigated the NOS2 mRNA expression by reverse transcription-PCR in human glioma primary cultures at several grade of malignancy and glioma stem cell (GSC) derived neurospheres. Glioma cell lines were used as positive controls both in terms of stemness marker expression that of capacity of generating neurospheres. NOS2 expression was detected at basal levels in cell lines and primary cultures and appeared significantly up-regulated in cultures kept in the specific medium for neurospheres. The immunofluorescence analysis of all cell cultures to evaluate the levels of SOX-2, a stemness marker aberrantly up-regulated in GBM, was also performed. The potential correlation between NOS2 expression and ability to generate neurospheres and between NOS2 and SOX-2 levels was also verified. The results show that the higher NOS2 expression is detected in all primary cultures able to arise neurosphere. A high and significant correlation between NOS2 expression and SOX-2 positive cells (%) in all cell cultures maintained in standard conditions has been observed. The results shed light on the potential relevance of NOS2 as a prognostic factor for glioma malignancy and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Gianfranca Miconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristina La Torre
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Soheila Raysi Dehcordi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Renato Galzio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Operative Unit of Neurosurgery, San Salvatore Hospital, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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