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Femtosecond laser attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver fibrosis in rats: Possible role of PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Life Sci 2022; 307:120877. [PMID: 35963297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that occurs in chronic liver injury. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in fibrogenesis which can develop into cirrhosis and carcinoma. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has promising therapeutic effects against fibrogenesis; however, the specific underlying mechanism is not fully elucidated. We investigated the potential of LLLT to attenuate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats, focusing on oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and the possible role of PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were given CCl4 and exposed to LLLT twice/week for 6 weeks and blood and liver samples were collected for analysis. CCl4 caused liver injury and fibrosis manifested by hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and accumulation of collagen, elevated serum transaminases and bilirubin, and decreased albumin. ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, iNOS, TGF-β1, and IL-6 were increased in the liver of CCl4-administered rats. Exposure to LLLT ameliorated histopathological alterations, collagen deposition, and liver function markers, and downregulated hepatic α-SMA, collagen 1A1, and collagen 3A1. In Addition, LLLT decreased ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, TGF-β1, and pro-inflammatory mediators, and enhanced antioxidant defenses. These effects were associated with upregulated PPARγ, Nrf2, and HO-1, both gene and protein expression. In conclusion, LLLT attenuated liver fibrosis by suppressing ECM production and deposition, oxidative injury and inflammation, and upregulating PPARγ and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Atwa AM, Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Hassanein EHM, Mahdi SE, Sayed GA, Alruhaimi RS, Alqhtani HA, Alotaibi MF, Mahmoud AM. Candesartan Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Lung Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TLR-4/NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101222. [PMID: 36297334 PMCID: PMC9612036 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against different cancers. The use of CIS is associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and other adverse effects, and oxidative stress and inflammation were implicated in its toxic effects. Candesartan (CAN), an angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, showed beneficial effects against oxidative stress and inflammation. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of CAN to prevent CIS-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung injury in rats, pointing to the involvement of TLR4/NF-κB, JAK1/STAT3, PPARγ, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. The rats received CAN (5 mg/kg) for 10 days and were challenged with a single dose of CIS (7 mg/kg) on day 7. CIS caused injury to the alveoli and the bronchial tree, increased lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, TLR-4, NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and caspase-3, and decreased cellular antioxidants and IL-6 in the lungs of rats. CAN effectively prevented tissue injury, suppressed TLR-4/ NF-κB signaling, and ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and caspase-3 in CIS-administered rats. CAN enhanced antioxidants and IL-10, decreased Ang II, increased Ang (1–7), suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT3, and upregulated SOCS3 in CIS-administered rats. These effects were associated with the downregulation of Keap1 and enhanced Nrf2, GCLC, HO-1, and PPARγ. In conclusion, CAN prevented CIS-induced lung injury by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB and JAK1/STAT3 signaling, Ang II, and pro-inflammatory mediators, and upregulating PPARγ, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Atwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Omnia A. M. Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Emad H. M. Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Somya E. Mahdi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ghadir A. Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Reem S. Alruhaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa A. Alqhtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F. Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M. Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
- Correspondence: or
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Chaboksafar M, Fakhr L, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on expression of microRNAs involved in cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of current evidence. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:1019-1029. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Chaboksafar
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Laleh Fakhr
- Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang XS, Cai MY, Li XJ, Zhong Q, Li ML, Xia YF, Shen Q, Du XG, Gan H. Activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway protects against palmitic acid-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by ameliorating mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:939149. [PMID: 36177332 PMCID: PMC9513042 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.939149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, and abnormal lipid metabolism in proximal tubule cells is considered closely related to the dysfunction of proximal tubule cells and eventually leads to accelerated kidney damage. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known as a redox-sensitive transcription factor, is responsible for regulating cellular redox homeostasis. However, the exact role of Nrf2 in dyslipidemia-induced dysfunction of proximal tubule cells is still not fully elucidated. In the present study, we showed that palmitic acid (PA) induced mitochondrial damage, excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mtROS) generation, and cell injury in HK-2 cells. We further found that mtROS generation was involved in PA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, cytoskeletal damage, and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway was activated in PA-induced HK-2 cells and that silencing Nrf2 dramatically aggravated PA-induced mtROS production, mitochondrial damage, cytoskeletal damage and cell apoptosis in HK-2 cells. However, the mitochondrial antioxidant MitoTEMPOL effectively eliminated these negative effects of Nrf2 silencing in HK-2 cells under PA stimulation. Moreover, activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway with tBHQ attenuated renal injury, significantly reduced mtROS generation, and improved mitochondrial function in rats with HFD-induced obesity. Taken together, these results suggest that the Nrf2/ARE-mediated antioxidant response plays a protective role in hyperlipidemia-induced renal injury by ameliorating mtROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and that enhancing Nrf2 antioxidant signaling provides a potential therapeutic strategy for kidney injury in CKD with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-shun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Meng-yao Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun-jia Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man-li Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun-feng Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-gang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Xiao-gang Du,
| | - Hua Gan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Gan,
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Boozari M, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin molecular signaling pathways at a glance: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3859-3884. [PMID: 35989419 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crocin is a hydrophilic carotenoid that is synthesized in the flowers of the Crocus genus. Numerous in vitro and in vivo research projects have been published about the biological and pharmacological properties and toxicity of crocin. Crocin acts as a memory enhancer, anxiolytic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, neuroprotective, and so on. Here, we introduce an updated and comprehensive review of crocin molecular mechanisms based on previously examined and mentioned in the literature. Different studies confirmed the significant effect of crocin to control pathological conditions, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The neuroprotective effect of crocin could be related to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Notch, and cyclic-AMP response element-binding protein signaling pathways. The crocin also protects the cardiovascular system through the inhibitory effect on toll-like receptors. The regulatory effect of crocin on PI3K/AKT/mTOR, AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways can play an effective role in the treatment of metabolic disorders. The crocin has anticancer activity through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK, vascular endothelial growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin, and Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription suppression. Also, the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 and p53 signaling pathway activation may be effective in the anticancer effect of crocin. Finally, among signaling pathways regulated by crocin, the most important ones seem to be those related to the regulatory effect on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Boozari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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56
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Babu S, Manoharan S, Ottappilakkil H, Perumal E. Role of oxidative stress-mediated cell death and signaling pathways in experimental fluorosis. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110106. [PMID: 35985521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals and other oxidants have enticed the interest of researchers in the fields of biology and medicine, owing to their role in several pathophysiological conditions, including fluorosis (Fluoride toxicity). Radical species affect cellular biomolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, resulting in oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species-mediated oxidative stress is a common denominator in fluoride toxicity. Fluorosis is a global health concern caused by excessive fluoride consumption over time. Fluoride alters the cellular redox homeostasis, and its toxicity leads to the activation of cell death mechanisms like apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis. Even though a surfeit of signaling pathways is involved in fluorosis, their toxicity mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, this review aims to understand the role of reactive species in fluoride toxicity with an outlook on the effects of fluoride in vitro and in vivo models. Also, we emphasized the signal transduction pathways and the mechanism of cell death implicated in fluoride-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srija Babu
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsheema Ottappilakkil
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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57
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Chaihongsa N, Maneesai P, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P. Cardiorenal dysfunction and hypertrophy induced by renal artery occlusion are normalized by galangin treatment in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113231. [PMID: 35687907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a polyphenolic compound found in Alpinia officinarum and propolis. This study investigated the effect of galangin on blood pressure, the renin angiotensin system (RAS), cardiac and kidney alterations and oxidative stress in two-kidney one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g), and the rats were given galangin (30 and 60 mg/kg) and losartan (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Galangin decreased hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which was related to the reducing circulation angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II concentration (p < 0.05). These effects were consistent with the reduced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and collagen type I (Col I) protein in cardiac tissue (p < 0.05). Additionally, renal artery occlusion, procedure-induced kidney dysfunction and fibrosis were attenuated in the galangin-treated group. Galangin treatment normalized the overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox-4) protein and normalized the downregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid Factor 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf-2) and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). Galangin exhibited antioxidative effects, as it reduced systemic and tissue oxidative stress markers and increased catalase activity in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, galangin attenuated hypertension, renin-angiotensin system activation, cardiorenal damage and oxidative stress induced by renal artery stenosis in rats. These effects might be associated with modulation of the expression of AT1R, TGF-β1 and Col I protein in the heart as well as AT1R/Nox-4 and Nrf-2/HO-1 protein in renal tissue in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Sakuma R, Kobayashi M, Kobashi R, Onishi M, Maeda M, Kataoka Y, Imaoka S. Brain Pericytes Acquire Stemness via the Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant System. Stem Cells 2022; 40:641-654. [PMID: 35353891 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are a mural support cell population elongated at intervals along the walls of capillaries. Recent studies reported that PCs are multipotent cells that are activated in response to tissue injury and contribute to the regenerative process. Using a C.B-17 mouse model of ischemic stroke, it has been proposed that normal brain pericytes (nPCs) are converted to ischemic pericytes (iPCs), some of which function as multipotent stem cells. Furthermore, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) promoted mesenchymal-epithelial transition in nPCs; however, nestin was not induced under OGD conditions. Therefore, further studies are needed to elucidate the PC reprogramming phenomenon. We herein isolated nPCs from the cortex of C.B-17 mice, and compared the traits of iPCs and nPCs. The results obtained showed that nPCs and iPCs shared common pericytic markers. Furthermore, intercellular levels of reactive oxygen species and the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key player in antioxidant defenses, were higher in iPCs than in nPCs. OGD/reoxygenation and a treatment with tBHQ, an Nrf2 inducer, increased nestin levels in nPCs. Moreover, epithelial marker levels, including nestin, Sox2, and CDH1 (E-cadherin) mRNAs, were elevated in Nrf2-overexpressing PCs, which formed neurosphere-like cell clusters that differentiated into Tuj1-positive neurons. The present results demonstrate that oxidative stress and Nrf2 are required for the generation of stem cells after stroke and will contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sakuma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miku Kobayashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rui Kobashi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mako Onishi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Maeda
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yosky Kataoka
- Multi-Modal Microstructure Analysis Unit, RIKEN-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.,Laboratory for Cellular Function Imaging, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo, Japan
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Upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cell Death Mediate the Protective Effect of Apigenin against Cyclophosphamide Hepatotoxicity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070648. [PMID: 35888772 PMCID: PMC9322057 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury is among the adverse effects of the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). This study investigated the protective role of the flavone apigenin (API) against CP-induced liver damage, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats were treated with API (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 15 days and received CP (150 mg/kg) on day 16. CP caused liver damage manifested by an elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and histological alterations, including granular vacuolation, mononuclear cell infiltration, and hydropic changes. Hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased and glutathione (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes were decreased in CP-administered rats. CP upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and iNOS, along with the pro-apoptotic Bax and caspase-3. Pre-treatment with API ameliorated circulating transaminases, ALP, and LDH, and prevented histopathological changes in CP-intoxicated rats. API suppressed ROS, MDA, NO, NF-κB p65, iNOS, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative DNA damage, Bax, and caspase-3 in CP-intoxicated rats. In addition, API enhanced hepatic antioxidants and Bcl-2 and boosted the Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance and protein. In conclusion, API is effective in preventing CP hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The hepatoprotective efficacy of API was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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60
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Nano-Curcumin Prevents Copper Reproductive Toxicity by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Improving Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling and Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Male Rats. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070356. [PMID: 35878260 PMCID: PMC9316697 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Copper is essential for several cellular processes and is an important catalytic factor for many proteins. However, excess copper can provoke oxidative stress and reproductive toxicity. This study evaluated the effect of liposomal nano-curcumin (N-CUR) and CUR on testicular oxidative injury, inflammation, and apoptosis, and altered steroidogenesis and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4). Rats received CuSO4 and N-CUR or CUR via oral gavage for 7 days. CuSO4 induced histopathological changes and altered pituitary-gonadal axis manifested by decreased serum gonadotropins and testosterone. Testicular steroidogenesis genes (StAR, 3β-HSD, CYP17A1, and 17β-HSD) and androgen receptor (AR) were downregulated in rats that received CuSO4. N-CUR and CUR prevented testicular tissue injury, increased circulating FSH, LH, and testosterone, and upregulated testicular steroidogenesis genes and AR. Additionally, N-CUR and CUR decreased testicular MDA, NO, NF-κB, iNOS, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3 while enhanced Bcl-2, Nrf2, and the antioxidants GSH, HO-1, SOD, and catalase. In conclusion, N-CUR and CUR prevented CuSO4-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats by suppressing oxidative injury and inflammatory response and boosting steroidogenesis, sex hormones, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. N-CUR was more effective in ameliorating tissue injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and enhancing steroidogenesis and Nrf2/HO-1 than the native form.
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Alsharif KF, Hayat Khan A, Aschner M, Saso L. The Therapeutic Potential of Kaemferol and Other Naturally Occurring Polyphenols Might Be Modulated by Nrf2-ARE Signaling Pathway: Current Status and Future Direction. Molecules 2022; 27:4145. [PMID: 35807387 PMCID: PMC9268049 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid, which has been widely investigated in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic complications, and neurological disorders. Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) is a transcription factor involved in mediating carcinogenesis and other ailments, playing an important role in regulating oxidative stress. The activation of Nrf2 results in the expression of proteins and cytoprotective enzymes, which provide cellular protection against reactive oxygen species. Phytochemicals, either alone or in combination, have been used to modulate Nrf2 in cancer and other ailments. Among them, kaempferol has been recently explored for its anti-cancer and other anti-disease therapeutic efficacy, targeting Nrf2 modulation. In combating cancer, diabetic complications, metabolic disorders, and neurological disorders, kaempferol has been shown to regulate Nrf2 and reduce redox homeostasis. In this context, this review article highlights the current status of the therapeutic potential of kaempferol by targeting Nrf2 modulation in cancer, diabetic complications, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular disorders. In addition, we provide future perspectives on kaempferol targeting Nrf2 modulation as a potential therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Department of Pharmacy, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad 45400, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amjad Hayat Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Bashir Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad 45400, Pakistan;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10463, USA;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Herrera-Bravo J, Beltrán JF, Huard N, Saavedra K, Saavedra N, Alvear M, Lanas F, Salazar LA. Anthocyanins Found in Pinot Noir Waste Induce Target Genes Related to the Nrf2 Signalling in Endothelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071239. [PMID: 35883728 PMCID: PMC9311808 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace is a source of anthocyanins, which can prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their antioxidant properties. Anthocyanin activity is associated with the ability to regulate oxidative stress through the transcription factor Nrf2. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate if the anthocyanins found in Pinot noir pomace extract can affect the target genes related to the Nrf2 signalling pathway in endothelial cells. Our results highlight that the predominant anthocyanin in the Pinot noir pomace extract was malvidin-3-glucoside (3.7 ± 2.7 Eq. Malv-3-glu/kg). Molecular docking indicated that cyanidin-3-glucoside (-6.9 kcal/mol), malvidin-3-glucoside (-6.6 kcal/mol) and peonidin-3-glucoside (-6.6 kcal/mol) showed the highest affinities for the binding sites of the BTB domains in Keap1, suggesting that these components may modify the interaction of this protein with Nrf2. In addition, when HUVEC cells were exposed to different concentrations of Pinot noir pomace extract (100 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL, and 400 µg/mL), no changes in Nrf2 gene expression were observed. However, the gene expression of HO-1 and NQO1, which are in the signalling pathway of this transcription factor, increased according the concentrations of the extract (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.0084, respectively). In summary, our results show that anthocyanins play a very important role in Nrf2 activation and release, while at the same time not promoting its transcription. These preliminary results strongly suggest that the Pinot noir pomace extract can serve as a potent bioactive component source that protects cells against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Temuco 4700000, Chile
| | - Jorge F. Beltrán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Nolberto Huard
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Kathleen Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
| | - Marysol Alvear
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4700000, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (J.H.-B.); (N.H.); (K.S.); (N.S.); (F.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Ali WA, Moselhy WA, Ibrahim MA, Amin MM, Kamel S, Eldomany EB. Protective effect of rutin and β-cyclodextrin against hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by lambda-cyhalothrin in Wistar rats: biochemical, pathological indices and molecular analysis. Biomarkers 2022; 27:625-636. [PMID: 35658761 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of Lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and the protective effect of rutin alone and in combination with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Group 1: was used as a control and received a standard diet and water. Group 2, 3, 4 and 5 were orally administered with LCT (7.6 mg/kg body weight), rutin (200 mg/kg body weight) LCT and rutin (at the same doses as in Group 2 and Group 3), and LCT and a mixture of rutin with β-CD (400 mg/kg body weight), respectively. All experimental animals were orally gavaged 5 days/week for 60 days. RESULTS Our data revealed that LCT-induced liver and kidney injuries were related to the up-regulated expression of TNF-α and down-regulated expression of NRF-2 genes mRNA, whereas these effects were reversed with rutin treatment. LCT-induced oxidative stress altered the histological picture, and the hematological and biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION Treatment with a rutin-β-CD complex had preventive potential against LCT via suppression of oxidative stress and augmentation of the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Moselhy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab B Eldomany
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Althunibat OY, Abukhalil MH, Aladaileh SH, Qaralleh H, Al-Amarat W, Alfwuaires MA, Algefare AI, Namazi NI, Melebary SJ, Babalghith AO, Conte-Junior CA. Formononetin Ameliorates Renal Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis and Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in a Rat Model of Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916732. [PMID: 35712704 PMCID: PMC9197219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin (GEN) is a bactericidal aminoglycoside known to cause nephrotoxicity. Formononetin (FN) is a potent flavonoid that exhibits numerous promising pharmacological activities. In this study, we have assessed the nephroprotective efficacy of FN against GEN-induced renal injury in rats. Rats were orally administered with FN (60 mg/kg/day, for 2 weeks) and were co-treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of GEN (100 mg/kg/day) during the days 8–14. GEN-treated rats demonstrated increased urea and creatinine levels in serum associated with marked histopathological changes in the kidney. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents were elevated, whereas glutathione concentration and catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were lowered in GEN-administered rats. The FN largely prevented tissue damage, attenuated renal function, reduced MDA and protein carbonyl, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the kidney of GEN-administrated animals. The kidney of GEN-treated rats demonstrated elevated Bax and caspase-3 protein expression, accompanied by lowered Bcl-2 protein expression, an effect that FN attenuated. Moreover, FN treatment caused upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in renal tissue of GEN-intoxicated animals. Collectively, FN protects against GEN-caused renal damage via exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities and augmenting Nrf2 signaling, suggesting FN as a promising agent for preventing drug-induced organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Y. Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Osama Y. Althunibat, ; Mohammad H. Abukhalil,
| | - Mohammad H. Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
- *Correspondence: Osama Y. Althunibat, ; Mohammad H. Abukhalil,
| | - Saleem H. Aladaileh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma’an, Jordan
| | - Haitham Qaralleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Mutah University, Karak, Jordan
| | - Wesam Al-Amarat
- Department of Medical Support, Al-karak University College, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Manal A. Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen I. Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader Ibrahim Namazi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar J. Melebary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad O. Babalghith
- Medical Genetics Department, College of Medicine, Umm al-qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Grismaldo Rodríguez A, Zamudio Rodríguez JA, Mendieta CV, Quijano Gómez S, Sanabria Barrera S, Morales Álvarez L. Effect of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor C on Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Induced by High d-Glucose in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050639. [PMID: 35631465 PMCID: PMC9143891 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker for cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia induces endothelial dysfunction, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Platelet-derived growth factor C stimulates angiogenesis and revascularization in ischemic tissues of diabetic mice and promotes the migration of progenitors and mature ECs to injury sites; however, the molecular mechanisms of its actions are not described yet. Here, we evaluated the effect of PDGF-C on oxidative stress induced by HG. Human aortic endothelial cells were grown in glucose concentrations ranging from 5 mmol/L to 35 mmol/L for 1 to 24 h. Treatment with 50 ng/mL PDGF-C was done for 1 to 3 h. Cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS were measured by fluorometry, and the expression of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated by Western blot. Nrf2 and Keap1 expression was assessed by real-time PCR. High glucose induced mitochondrial ROS production. PDGF-C diminished the oxidative stress induced by high glucose, increasing SOD2 expression and SOD activity, and modulating the Keap1 expression gene. These results give new evidence about the mitochondrial antioxidant effect that PDGF-C could exert on endothelial cells exposed to high glucose and its considerable role as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grismaldo Rodríguez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.R.); (L.M.Á.); Tel.: +57-3114566976 (A.G.R.); +57-3132107272 (L.M.Á.)
| | - Jairo A. Zamudio Rodríguez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
| | - Cindy V. Mendieta
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Sandra Quijano Gómez
- Immunology and Cell Biology Group, Faculty of Sciences, Microbiology Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia;
| | - Sandra Sanabria Barrera
- Traslational Biomedical Research Group, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca 680004, Colombia;
| | - Ludis Morales Álvarez
- Experimental and Computational Biochemistry Group, Faculty of Sciences, Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia; (J.A.Z.R.); (C.V.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.R.); (L.M.Á.); Tel.: +57-3114566976 (A.G.R.); +57-3132107272 (L.M.Á.)
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Negm WA, El-Kadem AH, Hussein IA, Alqahtani MJ. The Mechanistic Perspective of Bilobetin Protective Effects against Cisplatin-Induced Testicular Toxicity: Role of Nrf-2/Keap-1 Signaling, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051134. [PMID: 35625871 PMCID: PMC9138600 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a productive anti-tumor used to treat numerous tumors. However, multiple toxicities discourage prolonged use, especially toxicity on the reproductive system. This experiment was mapped out to determine the potential therapeutic impact of Bilobetin on CP-induced testicular damage. Herein, Bilobetin was isolated from Cycas thouarsii leaves R. Br ethyl acetate fractions for the first time. A single dose of CP (7 mg/kg, IP) was used to evoke testicular toxicity on the third day. Rats were classified into five groups; Normal control, Bilobetin 12 mg/kg, Untreated CP, and CP treated with Bilobetin (6 and 12 mg/kg, respectively) orally daily for ten days. Bilobetin treatment ameliorated testicular injury. In addition, it boosted serum testosterone levels considerably and restored relative testicular weight. Nevertheless, apoptosis biomarkers such as P53, Cytochrome-C, and caspase-3 decreased significantly. Additionally, it enhanced the testes’ antioxidant status via the activation of Nrf-2, inhibition of Keap-1, and significant elevation of SOD activity in addition to a reduction in lipid peroxidation. Histopathologically, Bilobetin preserved testicular architecture and improved testicular immunostaining of Ki67 substantially, showing evidence of testicular regeneration. Bilobetin’s beneficial effects on CP-induced testicular damage are associated with enhanced antioxidant effects, lowered apoptotic signals, and the restoration of testes’ regenerative capability. In addition, Bilobetin may be used in combination with CP in treatment protocols to mitigate CP-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A. Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (A.H.E.-K.)
| | - Aya H. El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: (W.A.N.); (A.H.E.-K.)
| | - Ismail A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | - Moneerah J. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MI 38677, USA
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The Beneficial Role of Nrf2 in the Endothelial Dysfunction of Atherosclerosis. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:4287711. [PMID: 35600333 PMCID: PMC9119788 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4287711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health issue in China, accounting for more than 40% of all mortality, and it is the leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis for much CVD, including coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, and stroke. Endothelial dysfunction is an initiating and exacerbating factor in atherosclerosis. Recent research has linked oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage to endothelial dysfunction. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor with antioxidant effects that is strongly connected to several CVDs. However, the mechanism by which Nrf2 reduces CVD is unknown. Research indicates that Nrf2 improves endothelial function by resisting oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, thereby delaying atherosclerosis. This article examines the mechanisms and potential targets of Nrf2 affecting endothelial cell function to improve atherosclerosis and to provide ideas for the development of new CVD treatments.
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Alsemeh AE, Abdullah DM. Protective effect of alogliptin against cyclophosphamide-induced lung toxicity in rats: Impact on PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway and downstream inflammatory cascades. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 388:417-438. [PMID: 35107620 PMCID: PMC9035424 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced lung toxicity is a remaining obstacle against the beneficial use of this chemotherapeutic agent. More considerations were given to the role of Alogliptin (ALO) in ameliorating CP-induced toxicities in many tissues. We designed this study to clarify the protective potential of ALO against CP-induced lung toxicity in rats. ALO was administered for 7 days. Single-dose CP was injected on the 2nd day (200 mg/kg: i.p.) to induce lung toxicity. Rats were divided into four groups: control, ALO-treated, CP-treated and ALO + CP-treated group. Leucocytic count, total proteins, LDH activity, TNF-α, and IL-6 were estimated in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The oxidative/antioxidants (MDA, Nrf2, TAO and GSH), inflammatory (NFκB), fibrotic (TGF-β1) and apoptotic (PI3K/Akt/FoxO1) markers in pulmonary homogenates were biochemically evaluated. Rat lung sections were examined histologically (light and electron microscopic examination) and immunohistochemically (for iNOS and CD68 positive alveolar macrophages). CP significantly increased oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis markers as well as deteriorated the histopathological pulmonary architecture. These hazardous effects were significantly ameliorated by ALO treatment. ALO protected against CP-induced lung toxicity by mitigating the oxidative, inflammatory and fibrotic impacts making it a promising pharmacological therapy for mitigating CP-induced lung toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Doaa M Abdullah
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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69
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Cao YL, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Flavonoids in Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072365. [PMID: 35408760 PMCID: PMC9000519 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive systemic disease, which changes the function and structure of the kidneys irreversibly over months or years. The final common pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease is renal fibrosis and is characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. In recent years, numerous studies have reported the therapeutic benefits of natural products against modern diseases. Substantial attention has been focused on the biological role of polyphenols, in particular flavonoids, presenting broadly in plants and diets, referring to thousands of plant compounds with a common basic structure. Evidence-based pharmacological data have shown that flavonoids play an important role in preventing and managing CKD and renal fibrosis. These compounds can prevent renal dysfunction and improve renal function by blocking or suppressing deleterious pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we summarize the function and beneficial properties of common flavonoids for the treatment of CKD and the relative risk factors of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (H.-P.H.)
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (J.-H.L.); (H.-P.H.)
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-85726712
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Rockwell CE, Jin Y, Boss AP, Kaiser LM, Awali S. The Complicated Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2 in Allergy and Asthma. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:500-507. [PMID: 34930784 PMCID: PMC11022934 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is a stress-activated transcription factor that is highly responsive to oxidative stress and electrophilic stimuli. Upon activation, Nrf2 upregulates a battery of cytoprotective genes meant to prevent cell death or damage. In many models of inflammation, Nrf2 protects against the immune response and decreases injury, including in the context of asthma and allergy. However, in some models of asthma and allergy, Nrf2 either does not play a role or can even exacerbate inflammation. In general, the reasons behind these discrepancies are not clear and the mechanisms by which Nrf2 modulates immune response are largely uncharacterized. The aim of this review is to highlight current literature assessing the role of Nrf2 in allergy and asthma to understand Nrf2 as a potential therapeutic target. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) is an important immune mediator that modulates numerous immune cell types in various inflammatory diseases, including allergy and asthma. There is considerable interest in Nrf2 as a drug target in inflammation, which is complicated by the complex nature of Nrf2 in the immune system. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2 in asthma and allergy, including in regulating immune cell function and in detoxifying xenobiotics that exacerbate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl E Rockwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Yining Jin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Allison P Boss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Luca M Kaiser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Saamera Awali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine (C.E.R., Y.J., A.P.B., L.M.K., S.A.), Institute for Integrative Toxicology (C.E.R.), Cell and Molecular Biology Program (C.E.R.), Applied Immunology Center for Education and Research (C.E.R.), Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition (A.P.B.), and College of Osteopathic Medicine (L.M.K.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Li H, Zhuang W, Xiong T, Park WS, Zhang S, Zha Y, Yao J, Wang F, Yang Y, Chen Y, Cai L, Ling L, Yu D, Liang J. Nrf2 deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing LOX-1-mediated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2022; 347:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Tanase DM, Apostol AG, Costea CF, Tarniceriu CC, Tudorancea I, Maranduca MA, Floria M, Serban IL. Oxidative Stress in Arterial Hypertension (HTN): The Nuclear Factor Erythroid Factor 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway, Implications and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:534. [PMID: 35335911 PMCID: PMC8949198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (HTN) is one of the most prevalent entities globally, characterized by increased incidence and heterogeneous pathophysiology. Among possible etiologies, oxidative stress (OS) is currently extensively studied, with emerging evidence showing its involvement in endothelial dysfunction and in different cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as HTN, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. While there is a clear physiological equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants essential for many cellular functions, excessive levels of ROS lead to vascular cell impairment with decreased nitric oxide (NO) availability and vasoconstriction, which promotes HTN. On the other hand, transcription factors such as nuclear factor erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mediate antioxidant response pathways and maintain cellular reduction-oxidation homeostasis, exerting protective effects. In this review, we describe the relationship between OS and hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction and the involvement and therapeutic potential of Nrf2 in HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Georgiana Apostol
- Department of Neurology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionut Tudorancea
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
- Cardiology Clinic “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minela Aida Maranduca
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lacramioara Serban
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Discipline of Physiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (M.A.M.); (I.L.S.)
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Hsu CY, Vo TTT, Lee CW, Chen YL, Lin WN, Cheng HC, Vo QC, Lee IT. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 attenuates angiotensin II-induced IL-6/Jak2/Stat3-associated inflammation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114978. [PMID: 35218740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common inflammatory vascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II) involves in AAA progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, the degradation of extracellular matrices, and the generation of ROS to lead to vascular inflammation. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) is known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, it remains unclear whether CORM-2 can suppress Ang II-induced vascular inflammation to prevent AAA progression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the vasoprotective effects of CORM-2 against Ang II-induced inflammatory responses of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) and the underlying mechanisms of those effects. The results showed that Ang II induced inflammatory responses of HASMCs via NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS/NF-κB/IL-6/Jak2/Stat3 pathway which was attenuated by the pretreatment with CORM-2. Additionally, CORM-2 further exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in Ang II-stimulated HASMCs, as indicated by the reduction of monocyte adhesion to HASMCs and migration of HASMCs via the suppression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 as well as MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels, respectively. Moreover, Ang II-induced COX-2-mediated PGE2 secretion was also inhibited by the pretreatment with CORM-2. Importantly, our data demonstrated that CORM-2 reversed Ang II-induced IL-6 overexpression dependent on Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression. Taken together, the present study indicates that CORM-2-induced Nrf2/HO-1 alleviates IL-6/Jak2/Stat3-mediated inflammatory responses to Ang II by inhibiting NADPH oxidase- and mitochondria-derived ROS, suggesting that CORM-2 is a promising pharmacologic candidate to reverse the pathological changes involved in the inflammation of vessel wall for the prevention and treatment of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yi Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Tien Vo
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lien Chen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Quang Canh Vo
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - I-Ta Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Antar SA, Abdo W, Taha RS, Farage AE, El-Moselhy LE, Amer ME, Abdel Monsef AS, Abdel Hamid AM, Kamel EM, Ahmeda AF, Mahmoud AM. Telmisartan attenuates diabetic nephropathy by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats. Life Sci 2022; 291:120260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020235. [PMID: PMID: 35204118 PMCID: PMC8868420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are involved in atherosclerosis, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, which lead to cardiac dysfunction. CVDs are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In obesity, visceral and epicardial adipose tissue generate inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by Nfe2l2 gene) protects against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. NRF2 participates in the regulation of cell inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, including the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed environments. NRF2 is downregulated in diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. Nfe2l2 knockout mice develop structural and functional cardiac alterations, and NRF2 deficiency in macrophages increases atherosclerosis. Given the endothelial and cardiac protective effects of NRF2 in experimental models, its activation using pharmacological or natural products is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and CVDs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role of NRF2 in obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors.
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76
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Potential Implications of Rimonabant on Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11010162. [PMID: 35052666 PMCID: PMC8773212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, growing interest has turned to preventive and therapeutic approaches for achieving successful aging. Oxidative stress and inflammation are fundamental features of cardiovascular diseases; therefore, potential targets of them can improve cardiac outcomes. Our study aimed to examine the involvement of the endocannabinoid system, especially the CB1 receptor blockade, on inflammatory and oxidant/antioxidant processes. Twenty-month-old female and male Wistar rats were divided into rimonabant-treated and aging control (untreated) groups. Rimonabant, a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, was administered at the dose of 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. Cardiac amounts of ROS, the antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the activity and concentration of the heme oxygenase (HO) enzyme were detected. Among inflammatory parameters, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity were measured. Two weeks of low dose rimonabant treatment significantly reduced the cardiac ROS via boosting of the antioxidant defense mechanisms as regards the HO system, and the SOD and glutathione content. Consistently, the age-related inflammatory response was alleviated. Rimonabant-treated animals showed significantly decreased NF-κB, TNF-α, and MPO levels. Our findings prove the beneficial involvement of CB1 receptor blocker rimonabant on inflammatory and oxidative damages to the aging heart.
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77
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Mustafa AM, Rabie MA, Zaki HF, Shaheen AM. Inhibition of Brain GTP Cyclohydrolase I Attenuates 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Striatal Toxicity: Involvement of Mas Receptor/PI3k/Akt/CREB/ BDNF Axis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:740966. [PMID: 35002694 PMCID: PMC8727546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.740966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GTP cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I) is the rate-limiting enzyme for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) biosynthesis; the latter is an essential factor for iNOS activation that contributes neuronal loss in Huntington’s disease (HD). The aim of the study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP), GTPCH I enzyme inhibitor, against neuronal loss in 3-nitropropinic acid (3-NP)-induced HD in rats and to reveal the possible involved mechanisms mediated through PI3K/Akt axis and its correlation to Mas receptor (MasR). Rats received 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day; i.p.) with or without administration of DAHP (0.5 g/kg/day; i.p.) or wortmannin (WM), a PI3K inhibitor, (15 μg/kg/day; i.v.) for 14 days. DAHP improved cognitive, memory, and motor abnormalities induced by 3-NP, as confirmed by striatal histopathological specimens and immunohistochemical examination of GFAP. Moreover, DAHP treatment inhibited GTPCH I activity, resulting in decreased BH4 levels and iNOS activation. Also, DAHP upregulated the protein expression of survival protein; p85/p55 (pY458/199)-PI3K and pS473-Akt that, in turn, boosted the activation of striatal neurotrophic factors and receptor, pS133-CREB, BDNF and pY515-TrKB, which positively affect MasR protein expression and improve mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by enhancing both SDH and PGC-1α levels. Indeed, DAHP attenuates oxidative stress by increasing SOD activity and Nrf2 expression in addition to reducing neuro-inflammatory status by inhibiting NF-κB p65 and TNF-α expression. Interestingly, all the previous effects were blocked by co-administration of WM with DAHP. In conclusion, DAHP exerts neuroprotective effect against neuronal loss induced by 3-NP administration via inhibition of GTPCH I and iNOS activity and activation of MasR/PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF/TrKB axis besides its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
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78
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Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Elshazly SA, Shukry M, Abouzed TK. Borate Ameliorates Sodium Nitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Regulation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status: Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:197-205. [PMID: 33559025 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The widespread industrial use of nitrite in preservatives, colorants, and manufacturing rubber products and dyes increases the possibilities of organ toxicity. Lithium borate (LB) is known as an antioxidant and an oxidative stress reliever. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the effect of LB on nitrite-induced hepatorenal dysfunction. Twenty-eight male Swiss mice were divided into four equal groups. Group 1, the control group, received saline. Group 2 received LB orally for 5 consecutive days at a dose of 15 mg/kg bw. Group 3, the nitrite group, received sodium nitrite (NaNO2) on Day 5 (60 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally). Group 4, the protective group (LB + NaNO2 group), received LB for 5 days and then a single dose of NaNO2 intraperitoneally on Day 5, the same as in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Samples of blood and kidney were taken for serum analysis of hepatorenal biomarkers, levels of antioxidants and cytokines, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. NaNO2 intoxication increased markers of liver and kidney functions yet decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities in blood. NaNO2 also increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 (IL-1β and IL-6). Pre-administration of LB protected mice from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, LB protected mice from cytokine changes, which remained within normal levels. LB ameliorated the changes induced by NaNO2 on the mRNA of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfr2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results collectively demonstrate that LB ameliorated NaNO2-induced oxidative stress by controlling the oxidative stress biomarkers and the oxidant/antioxidant state through the involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Ahmed Elshazly
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal Abouzed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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79
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Abd Allah HN, Abdul-Hamid M, Mahmoud AM, Abdel-Reheim ES. Melissa officinalis L. ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in the hippocampus of pilocarpine-induced rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2214-2226. [PMID: 34363578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures, and its effective management continues to be a therapeutic challenge. Oxidative stress and local inflammatory response accompany the status epilepticus (SE). This study evaluated the effect of Melissa officinalis extract (MOE) on oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus of pilocarpine (PILO)-administered rats, pointing to the involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Rats received PILO via intraperitoneal administration and were treated with MOE for 2 weeks. MOE prevented neuronal loss; decreased lipid peroxidation, Cox-2, PGE2, and BDNF; and downregulated glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of PILO-treated rats. In addition, MOE enhanced GSH and antioxidant enzymes, upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA abundance, and increased the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. Na+/K+-ATPase activity and GABA were increased, and glutamate and acetylcholine were decreased in the hippocampus of epileptic rats treated with MOE. In conclusion, MOE attenuated neuronal loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation; activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling; and modulated neurotransmitters, GFAP, and Na+/K+-ATPase in the hippocampus of epileptic rats. These findings suggest that M. officinalis can mitigate epileptogenesis, pending further studies to explore the exact underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar N Abd Allah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Abdel-Reheim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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80
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Mu F, Wang Y, Wu H, You Q, Zhang D. The myocardial infarction-associated transcript 2 inhibits lipid accumulation and promotes cholesterol efflux in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced THP-1-derived macrophages via inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling and activating the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:407-417. [PMID: 34783297 PMCID: PMC8805865 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated lipid metabolism of macrophages contributes to thrombosis and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) myocardial infarction-associated transcript 2 (Mirt2) has been reported to inhibit inflammation and lipid accumulation; therefore, this study intended to clarify whether Mirt2 served a role in lipid metabolism. THP-1-derived macrophages with or without Mirt2-knockdown or overexpression, were exposed to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), then cell migration, lipid accumulation, cholesterol efflux and inflammation were assessed using wound healing, oil red staining, commercial kits and western blot assays. Besides, ML385 was used to treat THP-1-derived macrophages to inhibit nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression. The expression of proteins involved in the above processes were measured by western blot. Results demonstrated that phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) significantly increased Mirt2 expression in THP-1 cells. Mirt2-knockdown enhanced ox-LDL-induced macrophage migration, lipid accumulation, inflammation, and inhibited cholesterol efflux. By contrast, Mirt2 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. Furthermore, Mirt2-knockdown inhibited NRF2 signaling and enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, while Mirt2 overexpression displayed the opposite effects. Finally, the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 significantly reversed the above effects of Mirt2. In summary, Mirt2 served an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in macrophages via inhibiting MAPK signaling and activating the NRF2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingxia You
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine & Western Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daimin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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81
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Aladaileh SH, Al-Swailmi FK, Abukhalil MH, Ahmeda AF, Mahmoud AM. Punicalagin prevents cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis in rats. Life Sci 2021; 286:120071. [PMID: 34688692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major complication that limits the therapeutic application of cisplatin (CIS). Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in CIS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and apoptotic cell death. Punicalagin (PUN), a polyphenol in pomegranate, possesses promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and its beneficial effect against CIS-induced AKI has not been fully elucidated. This investigation evaluated the protective effect of PUN against CIS-induced renal oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death. Rats received PUN (25 and 50 mg/kg) for 10 days and a single injection of CIS at day 7. The results showed increased serum urea and creatinine and several histopathological alterations in the kidney of CIS-intoxicated rats. Renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) were increased, and reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were declined in rats treated with CIS. PUN effectively ameliorated kidney function and attenuated tissue injury induced by CIS, decreased MDA and NO, and enhanced antioxidant defenses. Additionally, PUN downregulated NF-κB p65, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the kidney of rats that received CIS. Bax and caspase-3 were increased, and Bcl-2 was decreased in the kidney of CIS-intoxicated rats, an effect that was reversed by PUN. PUN upregulated Nrf2 expression in the kidney of CIS-intoxicated rats. In conclusion, PUN prevents CIS-induced AKI in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis, and upregulating Nrf2 and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem H Aladaileh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Farhan K Al-Swailmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan; Department of Biology, College of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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82
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Awoyomi OV, Adeoye YD, Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Asenuga ER, Gbadamosi IT, Ogunpolu BS, Falayi OO, Hassan FO, Omobowale TO, Arojojoye OA, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Luteolin mitigates potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity and genotoxicity through modulation of Kim-1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2146-2160. [PMID: 34272807 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds has become potential aetiologic agent for kidney disease with excessive generation of free radicals, apoptosis, and inflammatory. These pathophysiologic mechanisms of potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 O7 ) have been well correlated with nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of Luteolin, a known potent antioxidant were evaluated in this study with 40 healthy rats in four experimental groups: Group A (normal saline), Groups B (30 mg/kg K2 Cr2 O7 ), Group C (Luteolin 100 mg/kg and K2 Cr2 O7 30 mg/kg), and Group D (Luteolin 200 mg/kg and K2 Cr2 O7 30 mg/kg), respectively. Markers of antioxidant defense system, oxidative stress, blood pressure and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPEs), immunohistochemistry of Kidney, injury molecule (Kim-1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cardiac troponin I were determined. Administration of K2 Cr2 O7 increased blood pressure parameters in systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressures, markers of oxidative stress, and frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, together with reduction in serum nitric oxide level. Renal Kim-1 and cardiac troponin I expressions were higher, but lower expressions of renal and cardiac Nrf2 were recorded with immunohistochemical analysis. Pre-treatment with Luteolin restored blood pressure parameters, with concomitant reduction in oxidative stress indicators, augmented antioxidant mechanisms and serum Nitric oxide level, lowered the expressions of Kim-1, cardiac troponin I and up-regulated of both cardiac and renal Nrf2, reduced the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Taken together, this study therefore demonstrates the cardioprotective, nephro protective and antigenotoxic effects of Luteolin through antioxidantive and radical scavenging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Rachael Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | | | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Vascular Biology Unit, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, COPHS, Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA
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83
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Edres HA, Taha NM, Lebda MA, Elfeky MS. The potential neuroprotective effect of allicin and melatonin in acrylamide-induced brain damage in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:58768-58780. [PMID: 34120280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is an unsaturated monomer that served various fields; however, it is a potent neurotoxin. The target of the present study is to explore the neuroprotective efficacy of allicin and melatonin on ACR-induced neurotoxicity. Thirty-six male adult rats were non-selectively separated into six groups: placebo, allicin (20 mg/kg b.w daily per os), melatonin (10 mg/kg b.w 3 times/week per os), ACR (50 mg/kg b.w daily per os), ACR-allicin, and ACR-melatonin at the same doses as the preceding groups. The assessment of brain biomarkers, neurotransmitters, antioxidative status, Nrf2 signaling pathway, and histopathological analyses was performed following 21 days. ACR exposure induced brain lipid and DNA oxidative damage as well as reduced the glutathione (GSH) levels. The obvious brain oxidative injuries contributed to distinct brain dysfunction that was assured by alteration of brain neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and acetylcholinesterase) and pathological brain lesions. Furthermore, ACR exposure increased hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and amyloid protein (AB1-42). Finally, the mRNA transcripts of brain Keap-1, Nrf2, and NF-kB were upregulated after ACR intoxication. Interestingly, allicin and melatonin alleviated the ACR-induced brain damage assessed by the normalization of the mentioned analyses. The present study demonstrated the protective role of both allicin and melatonin in ACR-prompted neuropathy by alleviation of redox imbalance and enhancement of neurotransmitters as well as relieving DNA damage and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Edres
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nabil M Taha
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Lebda
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Elfeky
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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84
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He Y, Yang G, Sun L, Gao H, Yao F, Jin Z, Zheng Z, Chen L, Wang W, Zheng N, Lin R. SIRT6 inhibits inflammatory response through regulation of NRF2 in vascular endothelial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107926. [PMID: 34233231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation plays a pivotal role in Atherosclerosis. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of NAD+-dependent protein lysine deacylases of the sirtuin family, plays an important role in the regulation of metabolism, aging and stress resistance. However, the role of SIRT6 in vascular inflammation and its molecular mechanism is unknown. The present study showed that TNF-α significantly reduced the expression of SIRT6 protein and mRNA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and increased the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL) -6 and IL-1β in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Overexpression of SIRT6 but not its catalytically inactive mutant inhibited TNF-α-induced expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β. Knockdown of SIRT6 significantly enhanced TNF-α-induced expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β. Moreover, knockdown of SIRT6 reduced TNF-α-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) nucleus protein expression, whereas knockdown of NRF2 significantly enhanced TNF-α-induced expression of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β. In addition, overexpression of SIRT6 increased NRF2 and its target genes expression, and knockdown of SIRT6 decreased NRF2 and its target genes expression. Meanwhile, knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited NRF2 nucleus protein expression. Further, knockdown of SIRT6 decreased phosphorylation of NRF2, overexpression of SIRT6 increased phosphorylation of NRF2. SIRT6 interacted with NRF2. In vivo, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in the serum of hyperlipidemia mice. Hyperlipidemia-induced production of MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly augmented in the endothelium specific SIRT6 knockout mice. In contrast, the expression of NRF2 and its target genes was reduced. Taken together, these results indicate that SIRT6 protects against vascular inflammation via its deacetylase activity and the NRF2-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao He
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lijing Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264100, China
| | - Hongqian Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Feng Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zihan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lifang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Weirong Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Nanbo Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China.
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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85
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Environmental Alterations during Embryonic Development: Studying the Impact of Stressors on Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101564. [PMID: 34680959 PMCID: PMC8536136 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) sauch as diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases are rising rapidly in all countries world-wide. Environmental maternal factors (e.g., diet, oxidative stress, drugs and many others), maternal illnesses and other stressors can predispose the newborn to develop diseases during different stages of life. The connection between environmental factors and NCDs was formulated by David Barker and colleagues as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis. In this review, we describe the DOHaD concept and the effects of several environmental stressors on the health of the progeny, providing both animal and human evidence. We focus on cardiovascular diseases which represent the leading cause of death worldwide. The purpose of this review is to discuss how in vitro studies with pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (ESC, iPSC), can underpin the research on non-genetic heart conditions. The PSCs could provide a tool to recapitulate aspects of embryonic development “in a dish”, studying the effects of environmental exposure during cardiomyocyte (CM) differentiation and maturation, establishing a link to molecular mechanism and epigenetics.
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86
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Gager GM, von Lewinski D, Sourij H, Jilma B, Eyileten C, Filipiak K, Hülsmann M, Kubica J, Postula M, Siller-Matula JM. Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Ion Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress associated Mechanisms in Heart Failure. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112169. [PMID: 34560555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors present a class of antidiabetic drugs, which inhibit renal glucose reabsorption resulting in the elevation of urinary glucose levels. Within the past years, SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly relevant due to their effects beyond glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although dedicated large trials demonstrated cardioprotective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, the exact mechanisms responsible for those benefits have not been fully identified. Alterations in Ca2+ signaling and oxidative stress accompanied by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, fibrosis and inflammatory processes form cornerstones of potential molecular targets for SGLT2 inhibitors. This review focused on three hypotheses for SGLT2 inhibitor-mediated cardioprotection: ion homeostasis, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M Gager
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Trials Unit, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Filipiak
- First Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland.
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87
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Curcumin and Nano-Curcumin Mitigate Copper Neurotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Akt/GSK-3β Signaling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185591. [PMID: 34577062 PMCID: PMC8467357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for multiple biochemical processes, and copper sulphate (CuSO4) is a pesticide used for repelling pests. Accidental or intentional intoxication can induce multiorgan toxicity and could be fatal. Curcumin (CUR) is a potent antioxidant, but its poor systemic bioavailability is the main drawback in its therapeutic uses. This study investigated the protective effect of CUR and N-CUR on CuSO4-induced cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats, pointing to the possible involvement of Akt/GSK-3β. Rats received 100 mg/kg CuSO4 and were concurrently treated with CUR or N-CUR for 7 days. Cu-administered rats exhibited a remarkable increase in cerebral malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 associated with decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. Cu provoked DNA fragmentation, upregulated BAX, caspase-3, and p53, and decreased BCL-2 in the brain of rats. N-CUR and CUR ameliorated MDA, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, downregulated pro-apoptotic genes, upregulated BCL-2, and enhanced antioxidants and DNA integrity. In addition, both N-CUR and CUR increased AKT Ser473 and GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation in the brain of Cu-administered rats. In conclusion, N-CUR and CUR prevent Cu neurotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis and upregulating AKT/GSK-3β signaling. The neuroprotective effect of N-CUR was more potent than CUR.
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88
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Abukhalil MH, Hussein OE, Aladaileh SH, Althunibat OY, Al-Amarat W, Saghir SA, Alfwuaires MA, Algefare AI, Alanazi KM, Al-Swailmi FK, Kamel EM, Mahmoud AM. Visnagin prevents isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation and upregulating Nrf2 signaling in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22906. [PMID: 34486204 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative tissue injury and inflammatory responses play major roles in cardiovascular diseases and heart failure. Visnagin (VIS) is a natural bioactive component of Ammi visnaga, with promising radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities. This study explored the protective effect of VIS against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial injury and oxidative stress in rats. VIS was supplemented for 14 days, and the rats received ISO (100 mg/kg) twice at an interval of 24 h. ISO-induced myocardial injury was characterized by elevated serum CK-MB, LDH, and troponin-I associated with increased heart weight and several histopathological changes. ISO increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, IL-6, and decreased glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in rats' hearts. VIS prevented myocardial injury and ameliorated the cardiac function markers, ROS, MDA, NF-κB p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in ISO-intoxicated rats. In addition, VIS decreased Bax mRNA and caspases, and upregulated Nrf2, HO-1, Bcl-2, and PPARγ. Molecular docking simulations revealed the binding method of VIS to NF-κB, Keap1, and PPARγ. In conclusion, VIS protects against ISO-induced acute myocardial injury by attenuating oxidative tissue injury and reducing key inflammatory and apoptosis markers. In vivo and in silico results showed that activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling and PPARγ mediates the cardioprotective effect of VIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan.,Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Omnia E Hussein
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Saleem H Aladaileh
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Y Althunibat
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Wesam Al-Amarat
- Department of Medical Support, Al-karak University College, Al-Balqa' Applied University, As-Salt, Jordan
| | - Sultan A Saghir
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Manal A Alfwuaires
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen I Algefare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alanazi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan K Al-Swailmi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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89
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Rysz J, Gluba-Brzózka A, Rokicki R, Franczyk B. Oxidative Stress-Related Susceptibility to Aneurysm in Marfan's Syndrome. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091171. [PMID: 34572356 PMCID: PMC8467736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of highly reactive oxygen-derived free radicals (ROS) in the genesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmias, aortic dilatation, aortic dissection, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary arterial disease and congestive heart failure, is well-established. It has also been suggested that ROS may play a role in aortic aneurysm formation in patients with Marfan's syndrome (MFS). This syndrome is a multisystem disorder with manifestations including cardiovascular, skeletal, pulmonary and ocular systems, however, aortic aneurysm and dissection are still the most life-threatening manifestations of MFS. In this review, we will concentrate on the impact of oxidative stress on aneurysm formation in patients with MFS as well as on possible beneficial effects of some agents with antioxidant properties. Mechanisms responsible for oxidative stress in the MFS model involve a decreased expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as enhanced expression of NAD(P)H oxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and xanthine oxidase. The results of studies have indicated that reactive oxygen species may be involved in smooth muscle cell phenotype switching and apoptosis as well as matrix metalloproteinase activation, resulting in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. The progression of the thoracic aortic aneurysm was suggested to be associated with markedly impaired aortic contractile function and decreased nitric oxide-mediated endothelial-dependent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Anna Gluba-Brzózka
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-42-639-3750
| | - Robert Rokicki
- Clinic of Hand Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (J.R.); (B.F.)
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90
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Nano-Curcumin Prevents Cardiac Injury, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Modulates TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK Signaling in Copper Sulfate-Intoxicated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091414. [PMID: 34573046 PMCID: PMC8469340 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is essential for a plethora of biological processes; however, its high redox reactivity renders it potentially toxic. This study investigated the protective effect of curcumin (CUR) and nano-CUR (N-CUR) against Cu cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress, TLR4/NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and cell death in rats. Rats received 100 mg/kg copper sulfate (CuSO4), a pesticide used for repelling pests, and were concurrently treated with CUR or N-CUR for 7 days. Cu caused cardiac injury manifested by elevated serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase (CK)-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as histopathological alterations. Cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6 were increased, and reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were decreased in Cu-treated rats. CUR and N-CUR prevented cardiac tissue injury, decreased serum cTnI, CK-MB, and LDH, and cardiac MDA, NF-κB p65, TNF-α, and IL-6, and enhanced cellular antioxidants. CUR and N-CUR downregulated TLR4 and AP-1, and decreased the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2. In addition, CUR and N-CUR increased cardiac Bcl-2 and BAG-1, decreased Bax and caspase-3, and prevented DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, N-CUR prevents Cu cardiotoxicity by attenuating oxidative injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis, and modulating TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK signaling. The cardioprotective effect of N-CUR was more potent than the native form.
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91
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Galangin Attenuates Liver Injury, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Upregulates Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of liver damage. Oxidative stress and aberrant inflammatory response are entangled in diabetes-associated liver injury. This study evaluated the protective effect of the flavonoid galangin (Gal) on glucose intolerance, liver injury, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and the rats received Gal for six weeks. STZ-induced rats showed glucose intolerance, hypoinsulinemia, elevated glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and decreased liver glycogen. Gal ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced HbA1c%, increased serum insulin and liver glycogen and hexokinase activity, and suppressed glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-biphosphatase in diabetic rats. Circulating transaminases, ALP and LDH, and liver ROS, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased and GSH, SOD, and CAT were diminished in diabetic rats. In addition, diabetic rats exhibited multiple histopathological alterations and marked collagen deposition. Treatment with Gal mitigated liver injury, prevented histopathological alterations, decreased ROS, MDA, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Bax and caspase-3, and enhanced cellular antioxidants and Bcl-2. Gal downregulated hepatic Keap1 in diabetic rats and upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA as well as HO-1 activity. Molecular modeling studies revealed the ability of Gal to bind to and inhibit NF-κB and Keap1, and also showed its binding pattern with HO-1. In conclusion, Gal ameliorates hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetic rats. Gal improved carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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92
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Hassanein EHM, Ahmed MA, Sayed AM, Rashwan EK, Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Mahmoud AM. Edaravone mitigates hemorrhagic cystitis by modulating Nrf2, TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling in cyclophosphamide-intoxicated rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22889. [PMID: 34390071 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially deadly complication associated with radiation therapy and chemotherapy. This study explored the protective effect of edaravone (ED) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats. The animals received 20 mg/kg ED for 10 days and a single injection of 200 mg/kg CP on day 7. CP induced tissue injury manifested by the diffuse necrotic changes, disorganization of lining mucosa, focal hemorrhagic patches, mucosal/submucosal inflammatory cells infiltrates, and edema. CP increased malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), decreased IL-10, and upregulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the urinary bladder of rats. ED effectively prevented the histopathological alterations, decreased MDA, NO, and inflammatory mediators, and downregulated TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3 in CP-induced rats. Treatment with ED upregulated ikβ kinase β, IL-10, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and cytoglobin, and boosted glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase. Molecular docking simulations revealed the ability of ED to bind TLR-4, NF-κB, JAK1, and STAT3. In vitro, ED increased the cytotoxic activity of CP against HeLa, Caco-2, and K562 cell lines. In conclusion, ED prevented CP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing TLR-4/NF-κB, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling and boosted Nrf2, cytoglobin, and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman K Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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93
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Nrf2, the Major Regulator of the Cellular Oxidative Stress Response, is Partially Disordered. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147434. [PMID: 34299054 PMCID: PMC8305528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription regulator that plays a pivotal role in coordinating the cellular response to oxidative stress. Through interactions with other proteins, such as Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), CREB-binding protein (CBP), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRα), Nrf2 mediates the transcription of cytoprotective genes critical for removing toxicants and preventing DNA damage, thereby playing a significant role in chemoprevention. Dysregulation of Nrf2 is linked to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance, making Nrf2 a promising target for anticancer therapeutics. However, despite the physiological importance of Nrf2, the molecular details of this protein and its interactions with most of its targets remain unknown, hindering the rational design of Nrf2-targeted therapeutics. With this in mind, we used a combined bioinformatics and experimental approach to characterize the structure of full-length Nrf2 and its interaction with Keap1. Our results show that Nrf2 is partially disordered, with transiently structured elements in its Neh2, Neh7, and Neh1 domains. Moreover, interaction with the Kelch domain of Keap1 leads to protection of the binding motifs in the Neh2 domain of Nrf2, while the rest of the protein remains highly dynamic. This work represents the first detailed structural characterization of full-length Nrf2 and provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of Nrf2 activity modulation in oxidative stress response.
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Khan J, Deb PK, Priya S, Medina KD, Devi R, Walode SG, Rudrapal M. Dietary Flavonoids: Cardioprotective Potential with Antioxidant Effects and Their Pharmacokinetic, Toxicological and Therapeutic Concerns. Molecules 2021; 26:4021. [PMID: 34209338 PMCID: PMC8272101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids comprise a large group of structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds of plant origin and are abundantly found in human diet such as fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, dairy products, red wine, etc. Major classes of flavonoids include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and chalcones. Owing to their potential health benefits and medicinal significance, flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of medicinal, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic preparations. Moreover, flavonoids play a significant role in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which could be mainly due to their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and antithrombotic effects. Epidemiological and in vitro/in vivo evidence of antioxidant effects supports the cardioprotective function of dietary flavonoids. Further, the inhibition of LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation following regular consumption of food containing flavonoids and moderate consumption of red wine might protect against atherosclerosis and thrombosis. One study suggests that daily intake of 100 mg of flavonoids through the diet may reduce the risk of developing morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) by approximately 10%. This review summarizes dietary flavonoids with their sources and potential health implications in CVDs including various redox-active cardioprotective (molecular) mechanisms with antioxidant effects. Pharmacokinetic (oral bioavailability, drug metabolism), toxicological, and therapeutic aspects of dietary flavonoids are also addressed herein with future directions for the discovery and development of useful drug candidates/therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johra Khan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Prashanta Kumar Deb
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.K.D.); (R.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Somi Priya
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Karla Damián Medina
- Food Technology Unit, Centre for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of Jalisco State A.C., Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Rajlakshmi Devi
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781035, Assam, India; (P.K.D.); (R.D.)
| | - Sanjay G. Walode
- Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Chinchwad, Pune 411019, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mithun Rudrapal
- Rasiklal M. Dhariwal Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Chinchwad, Pune 411019, Maharashtra, India;
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95
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Chen X, Zuo J, Hu T, Shi X, Zhu Y, Wu H, Xia Y, Shi W, Wei W. Exploration of the Effect and Mechanism of Fructus Lycii, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Paeonia lactiflora in the Treatment of AMD Based on Network Pharmacology and in vitro Experimental Verification. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:2831-2842. [PMID: 34234414 PMCID: PMC8254409 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s310481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to observe the mechanism of Fructus Lycii (FL), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (RRP) and Paeonia lactiflora (PL) in treating age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on network pharmacology and biological experiments. Methods Bioactive compounds, potential targets of FL, RRP and PL, and genes related to AMD, were acquired from public databases. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of the core targets were conducted by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Subsequently, the finding was further verified with cell experiments. The MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was analyzed by DCFH-DA staining; the activity of antioxidant enzymes was chemically measured with assay kits. The expression of key proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results Fifty-nine active compounds, 182 potential targets, and 2536 AMD-related human genes were identified. A total of 103 key targets of the three herbs on AMD were identified by protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. The abovementioned targets were correlated with nuclear receptor activity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis pathways according to the GO and KEGG analyses. MTT assay and flow cytometry demonstrated that pretreatment of ARPE-19 cells with the three herbs significantly increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis induced by H2O2. The three herbs might reduce the intracellular ROS levels and increase the SOD and CAT activities after H2O2. Furthermore, the three herbs significantly inhibited oxidative stress via increasing the expression of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1. Conclusion The combined results of network pharmacology and validation experiments showed that FL, RRP and PL reduce oxidative stress and apoptosis in RPE cells to exert its effect in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Shi
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wei
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
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96
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Aldosterone Negatively Regulates Nrf2 Activity: An Additional Mechanism Contributing to Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction by Aldosterone. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116154. [PMID: 34200377 PMCID: PMC8201089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of aldosterone (Aldo) trigger oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction independent of effects on blood pressure. We sought to determine whether Aldo disrupts Nrf2 signaling, the main transcriptional factor involved in antioxidant responses that aggravate cell injury. Thoracic aorta from male C57Bl/6J mice and cultured human endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were stimulated with Aldo (100 nM) in the presence of tiron [reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, eplerenone [mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist], and L-sulforaphane (SFN; Nrf2 activator). Thoracic aortas were also isolated from mice infused with Aldo (600 μg/kg per day) for 14 days. Aldo decreased endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and increased ROS generation, effects prevented by tiron and MR blockade. Pharmacological activation of Nrf2 with SFN abrogated Aldo-induced vascular dysfunction and ROS generation. In EA.hy926 cells, Aldo increased ROS generation, which was prevented by eplerenone, tiron, and SFN. At short times, Aldo-induced ROS generation was linked to increased Nrf2 activation. However, after three hours, Aldo decreased the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Increased Keap1 protein expression, but not activation of p38 MAPK, was linked to Aldo-induced reduced Nrf2 activity. Arteries from Aldo-infused mice also exhibited decreased nuclear Nrf2 and increased Keap1 expression. Our findings suggest that Aldo reduces vascular Nrf2 transcriptional activity by Keap1-dependent mechanisms, contributing to mineralocorticoid-induced vascular dysfunction.
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97
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Ooi BK, Phang SW, Yong PVC, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Khaw KY, Goh BH, Pusparajah P, Yap WH. In vitro evaluation of the involvement of Nrf2 in maslinic acid-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in atheroma pathogenesis. Life Sci 2021; 278:119658. [PMID: 34048809 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Maslinic acid (MA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene known to exert cardioprotective effects. This study aims to investigate the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in atheroma pathogenesis in vitro, including evaluation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-induced monocyte recruitment, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced scavenger receptors expression, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) and human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) macrophages. MATERIALS AND METHODS An in vitro monocyte recruitment model utilizing THP-1 and HUVECs was developed to evaluate TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion and trans-endothelial migration. To study the role of Nrf2 for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects, Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was used as the pharmacological inhibitor. The expression of Nrf2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and scavenger receptor type A (SR-A) in HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages were investigated using RT-qPCR and Western blotting. The NF-κB activity was determined using NF-κB (p65) Transcription Factor Assay Kit. KEY FINDINGS The results showed opposing effects of MA on Nrf2 expression in HUVECs and THP-1 macrophages. MA suppressed TNF-α-induced Nrf2 expression in HUVECs, but enhanced its expression in THP-1 macrophages. Combined effects of MA and ML385 suppressed MCP-1, VCAM-1, and SR-A expressions. Intriguingly, at the protein level, ML385 selectively inhibited SR-A but enhanced CD36 expression. Meanwhile, ML385 further enhanced MA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB activity in HUVECs. This effect, however, was not observed in THP-1 macrophages. SIGNIFICANCE MA attenuated foam cell formation by suppressing VCAM-1, MCP-1, and SR-A expression, as well as NF-κB activity, possibly through Nrf2 inhibition. The involvement of Nrf2 for MA-mediated anti-inflammatory effects however differs between HUVECs and macrophages. Future investigations are warranted for a detailed evaluation of the contributing roles of Nrf2 in foam cells formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bee Kee Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Su Wen Phang
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Phelim Voon Chen Yong
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University (IMU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kooi-Yeong Khaw
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Medical Health and Translational Research Group, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Wei Hsum Yap
- School of Biosciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (FHMS), Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
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98
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Arazi H, Eghbali E. Possible Effects of Beetroot Supplementation on Physical Performance Through Metabolic, Neuroendocrine, and Antioxidant Mechanisms: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Front Nutr 2021; 8:660150. [PMID: 34055855 PMCID: PMC8155490 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.660150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Athletes often seek to use dietary supplements to increase performance during exercise. Among various supplements, much attention has been paid to beetroot in recent years. Beetroot is a source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, minerals, and vitamins; also, it is a natural source of nitrate and associated with improved sports performance. Nitrates can the modification of skeletal muscle contractile proteins or calcium handling after translation. The time to reach the peak plasma nitrate is between 1 and 3 h after consumption of a single dose of nitrate. Nitrate is metabolized by conversion to nitrite and subsequently nitric oxide. Beetroot can have various effects on athletic performance through nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is an intracellular and extracellular messenger for regulating certain cellular functions and causes vasodilation of blood vessels and increases blood flow. Nitric oxide seems to be effective in improving athletic performance by increasing oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients for better muscle fueling. Nitric oxide plays the main role in anabolic hormones, modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and the major mediators of stress involved in the acute hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to exercise. Beetroot is an important source of compounds such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, betaline, and highly active phenolics and has high antioxidant properties. Beetroot supplement provides an important source of dietary polyphenols and due to the many health benefits. Phytochemicals of Beetroot through signaling pathways inhibit inflammatory diseases. In this study, the mechanisms responsible for these effects were examined and the research in this regard was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Arazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ehsan Eghbali
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Mahmoud AM, Abd El-Ghafar OAM, Alzoghaibi MA, Hassanein EHM. Agomelatine prevents gentamicin nephrotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and TLR-4 signaling, and upregulating PPARγ and SIRT1. Life Sci 2021; 278:119600. [PMID: 33984362 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Kidney injury is a relatively common complication of the use of aminoglycosides. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. We investigated the protective effect of the melatonergic agonist agomelatine (AGM) on GM nephrotoxicity, emphasizing the involvement of TLR-4 signaling, SIRT1 and PPARγ. Rats received 25 mg/kg AGM for 15 days and 100 mg/kg GM for eight days starting at day 7. Elevated serum creatinine, urea and Kim-1 along with multiple histological alterations in the kidney were observed in GM-intoxicated rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, IL-1β, nitric oxide (NO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were increased, and GSH, SOD and catalase were decreased in the kidney of GM-intoxicated rats. Treatment with AGM significantly ameliorated the kidney function biomarkers, prevented tissue injury, decreased inflammatory cytokines, MDA, NO and MPO, and boosted antioxidants. In addition, AGM suppressed the expression of TLR-4, NF-κB p65, p38 MAPK, ERK-1, VCAM-1 and iNOS, whereas upregulated SIRT1 and PPARγ in the kidney of GM-intoxicated rats. In conclusion, AGM prevented GM nephrotoxicity in rats by attenuating oxidative injury and inflammation. AGM suppressed TLR-4 signaling, enhanced antioxidants and upregulated SIRT1 and PPARγ in the kidney of GM-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Bni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Biotechnology Department, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Omnia A M Abd El-Ghafar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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100
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Zhang L, Zou L, Jiang X, Cheng S, Zhang J, Qin X, Qin Z, Chen C, Zou Z. Stabilization of Nrf2 leading to HO-1 activation protects against zinc oxide nanoparticles-induced endothelial cell death. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:779-797. [PMID: 33971103 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1919330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the abundant production and wide application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs), the potential health risks of ZnONPs have raised serious concerns. Oxidative stress is recognized as the most important outcome of the toxicity induced by ZnONPs. The Nrf2-Keap1 system and its downstream antioxidative genes are the fundamental protective mechanisms for redox hemeostasis. However, the detailed mechanisms of Nrf2 activation in ZnONPs-treated endothelial cells and murine blood vessels have yet to be elucidated. Herein, we show that Nrf2 was activated and played a negative role in cell death induced by ZnONPs. Moreover, we demonstrate that HO-1 was the most extensively upregulated antioxidative gene-activated by Nrf2. Forced overexpression of HO-1, pharmacological activation of HO-1 with the agonists RTA-408 (omaveloxolone, an FDA-approved drug) and RTA-402 repressed cell death, and treatment with HO-1 antagonist SnPP exacerbated the cell death. Importantly, loss of HO-1 diminished the cytoprotective role induced by Nrf2 in ZnONPs-treated HUVEC cells, indicating that the Nrf2-HO-1 axis was the crucial regulatory mechanism for the antioxidative response in the context of ZnONPs-induced endothelial damage. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the p62-Keap1 axis was not involved in the activation of Nrf2. Intriguingly, the degradation half-life of Nrf2 in HUVEC cells was increased from less than 1 h under quiescent conditions to approximately 6 h under ZnONPs treatment condition; moreover, ZnONPs treatment induced activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and accumulation of ubiquitin in the aorta ventralis of mouse, suggesting that the ubiquitin-proteasome system had been perturbed, which subsequently led to the stabilization of Nrf2 and activation of HO-1. This study might contribute to a better understanding of ZnONPs-associated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Center of Experimental Teaching for Public Health, Experimental Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhexue Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of PLA, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Dongsheng Lung-Brain Disease Joint Lab, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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