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Shi S, Jiang P. Therapeutic potentials of modulating autophagy in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113967. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:383. [PMID: 36446784 PMCID: PMC9709153 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged to battle against sedentary lifestyle. Recent rapid advances in molecular biotechnology have demonstrated that both endurance and resistance exercise training, two traditional types of exercise, trigger a series of physiological responses, unraveling the mechanisms of exercise regulating on the human body. Therefore, exercise has been expected as a candidate approach of alleviating a wide range of diseases, such as metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the capacity of exercise to promote tissue regeneration has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. Since most adult human organs have a weak regenerative capacity, it is currently a key challenge in regenerative medicine to improve the efficiency of tissue regeneration. As research progresses, exercise-induced tissue regeneration seems to provide a novel approach for fighting against injury or senescence, establishing strong theoretical basis for more and more "exercise mimetics." These drugs are acting as the pharmaceutical alternatives of those individuals who cannot experience the benefits of exercise. Here, we comprehensively provide a description of the benefits of exercise on tissue regeneration in diverse organs, mainly focusing on musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. We also discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the regenerative effects of exercise and emerging therapeutic exercise mimetics for regeneration, as well as the associated opportunities and challenges. We aim to describe an integrated perspective on the current advances of distinct physiological mechanisms associated with exercise-induced tissue regeneration on various organs and facilitate the development of drugs that mimics the benefits of exercise.
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Alharbi H, Hardyman M, Cull J, Markou T, Cooper S, Glennon P, Fuller S, Sugden P, Clerk A. Cardiomyocyte BRAF is a key signalling intermediate in cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1661-1681. [PMID: 36331065 PMCID: PMC9679367 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is necessary for the heart to accommodate an increase in workload. Physiological, compensated hypertrophy (e.g. with exercise) is reversible and largely due to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Pathological hypertrophy (e.g. with hypertension) is associated with additional features including increased fibrosis and can lead to heart failure. RAF kinases (ARAF/BRAF/RAF1) integrate signals into the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 cascade, a pathway implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, and activation of BRAF in cardiomyocytes promotes compensated hypertrophy. Here, we used mice with tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific BRAF knockout (CM-BRAFKO) to assess the role of BRAF in hypertension-associated cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (AngII; 0.8 mg/kg/d, 7 d) and physiological hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine (40 mg/kg/d, 7 d). Cardiac dimensions/functions were measured by echocardiography with histological assessment of cellular changes. AngII promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased fibrosis within the myocardium (interstitial) and around the arterioles (perivascular) in male mice; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial (but not perivascular) fibrosis were inhibited in mice with CM-BRAFKO. Phenylephrine had a limited effect on fibrosis but promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and increased contractility in male mice; cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was unaffected in mice with CM-BRAFKO, but the increase in contractility was suppressed and fibrosis increased. Phenylephrine induced a modest hypertrophic response in female mice and, in contrast with the males, tamoxifen-induced loss of cardiomyocyte BRAF reduced cardiomyocyte size, had no effect on fibrosis and increased contractility. The data identify BRAF as a key signalling intermediate in both physiological and pathological hypertrophy in male mice, and highlight the need for independent assessment of gene function in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajed O. Alharbi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | | | - Joshua J. Cull
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Thomais Markou
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Susanna T.E. Cooper
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s University of London, London, U.K
| | - Peter E. Glennon
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, University Hospital Cardiology Department, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, U.K
| | | | - Peter H. Sugden
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, U.K
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Zheng Y, Chan WX, Charles CJ, Richards AM, Lee LC, Leo HL, Yap CH. Morphological, functional, and biomechanical progression of LV remodelling in a porcine model of HFpEF. J Biomech 2022; 144:111348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Shi H, Wang C, Gao BZ, Henderson JH, Ma Z. Cooperation between myofibril growth and costamere maturation in human cardiomyocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1049523. [PMID: 36394013 PMCID: PMC9663467 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1049523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Costameres, as striated muscle-specific cell adhesions, anchor both M-lines and Z-lines of the sarcomeres to the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated that costameres intimately participate in the initial assembly of myofibrils. However, how costamere maturation cooperates with myofibril growth is still underexplored. In this work, we analyzed zyxin (costameres), α-actinin (Z-lines) and myomesin (M-lines) to track the behaviors of costameres and myofibrils within the cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs). We quantified the assembly and maturation of costameres associated with the process of myofibril growth within the hiPSC-CMs in a time-dependent manner. We found that asynchrony existed not only between the maturation of myofibrils and costameres, but also between the formation of Z-costameres and M-costameres that associated with different structural components of the sarcomeres. This study helps us gain more understanding of how costameres assemble and incorporate into the cardiomyocyte sarcomeres, which sheds a light on cardiomyocyte mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Shi
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chenyan Wang
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Bruce Z. Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - James H. Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Zhen Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,BioInspired Institute for Materials and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Zhen Ma,
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Liu H, Fan P, Jin F, Huang G, Guo X, Xu F. Dynamic and static biomechanical traits of cardiac fibrosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1042030. [PMID: 36394025 PMCID: PMC9659743 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathology in cardiovascular diseases which are reported as the leading cause of death globally. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has shown that the biomechanical traits of fibrosis play important roles in cardiac fibrosis initiation, progression and treatment. In this review, we summarize the four main distinct biomechanical traits (i.e., stretch, fluid shear stress, ECM microarchitecture, and ECM stiffness) and categorize them into two different types (i.e., static and dynamic), mainly consulting the unique characteristic of the heart. Moreover, we also provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of different biomechanical traits on cardiac fibrosis, their transduction mechanisms, and in-vitro engineered models targeting biomechanical traits that will aid the identification and prediction of mechano-based therapeutic targets to ameliorate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengbei Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fanli Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-Constructed by Henan Province and Education Ministry of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Huang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Zhu X, Zhang X, Cong X, Zhu L, Ning Z. Inhibition of FABP4 attenuates cardiac fibrosis through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1260-1266. [PMID: 36311201 PMCID: PMC9588312 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64499.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cardiac fibrosis is a key biological process of cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a lipid-binding protein that can regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis, and its expression was elevated in heart failure. However, whether FABP4 is involved in cardiac fibrosis remains unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cardiac fibrosis model was established in male C57BL/6 mice with subcutaneously infused angiotensin II (Ang-II) (2.8 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. DMSO or FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 (50 mg/kg/day) was intraperitoneally injected for 4 weeks. Ang II-infused mice, FABP4 inhibitor (BMS309403) injected mice, and ventricular tissue were used for morphological studies, and histological and biochemical analyses (FABP4 protein composition and expression). RESULTS Ang II infusion increased FABP4 mRNA and protein expression in the mouse ventricular tissue. After treatment with FABP4 inhibitor BMS309403 for 4 weeks, mice showed improved cardiac structure and function as detected by echocardiography. BMS309403 suppressed cardiac and systemic inflammatory response, reduced collagen deposition, and mRNA expression of collagen type I (COL1A1) and collagen type III (COL3A1) in Ang II-infused mice. BMS309403 also reduced the number of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+cells and decreased the mRNA expression of α-SMA, matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in ventricular tissue. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of BMS309403 on cardiac fibrosis might be associated with inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which Ang II activated. Thus, our data speculated that inhibition of FABP4 could significantly induce cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Xinpeng Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Luoning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China,Corresponding author: Zhongping Ning. Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China. Tel/Fax: +86-21-68135590;
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Protective Effect of Natural Medicinal Plants on Cardiomyocyte Injury in Heart Failure: Targeting the Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3617086. [PMID: 36132224 PMCID: PMC9484955 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3617086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure occurs because of various cardiovascular pathologies, such as coronary artery disease or cardiorenal syndrome, eventually reaching end-stage disease. Various factors contribute to cardiac structural or functional changes that result in systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Several studies have confirmed that the key factor in heart failure progression is myocardial cell death, and mitophagy is the major mechanism regulating myocardial cell death in heart failure. The clinical mechanisms of heart failure are well understood in practice. However, the essential role of mitophagic regulation in heart failure has only recently received widespread attention. Receptor-mediated mitophagy is involved in various mitochondrial processes like oxidative stress injury, energy metabolism disorders, and calcium homeostasis, which are also the main causes of heart failure. Understanding of the diverse regulatory mechanisms in mitophagy and the complexity of its pathophysiology in heart failure remains incomplete. Related studies have found that various natural medicinal plants and active ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, can regulate mitophagy to a certain extent, improve myocardial function, and protect myocardial cells. This review comprehensively covers the relevant mechanisms of different types of mitophagy in regulating heart failure pathology and controlling mitochondrial adaptability to stress injury. Further, it explores the relationship between mitophagy and cardiac ejection dysfunction. Natural medicinal plant-targeted regulation strategies and scientific evidence on mitophagy were provided to elucidate current and potential strategies to apply mitophagy-targeted therapy for heart failure.
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Germain P, Delalande A, Pichon C. Role of Muscle LIM Protein in Mechanotransduction Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179785. [PMID: 36077180 PMCID: PMC9456170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of protein synthesis is crucial to counteract the deconditioning of neuromuscular system and its atrophy. In the past, hormones and cytokines acting as growth factors involved in the intracellular events of these processes have been identified, while the implications of signaling pathways associated with the anabolism/catabolism ratio in reference to the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle hypertrophy have been recently identified. Among them, the mechanotransduction resulting from a mechanical stress applied to the cell appears increasingly interesting as a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. At present, there is an open question regarding the type of stress to apply in order to induce anabolic events or the type of mechanical strain with respect to the possible mechanosensing and mechanotransduction processes involved in muscle cells protein synthesis. This review is focused on the muscle LIM protein (MLP), a structural and mechanosensing protein with a LIM domain, which is expressed in the sarcomere and costamere of striated muscle cells. It acts as a transcriptional cofactor during cell proliferation after its nuclear translocation during the anabolic process of differentiation and rebuilding. Moreover, we discuss the possible opportunity of stimulating this mechanotransduction process to counteract the muscle atrophy induced by anabolic versus catabolic disorders coming from the environment, aging or myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Germain
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Anthony Delalande
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- UFR Sciences and Techniques, University of Orleans, 45067 Orleans, France
- Center for Molecular Biophysics, CNRS Orleans, 45071 Orleans, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Xu Z, Li Y, Li P, Sun Y, Lv S, Wang Y, He X, Xu J, Xu Z, Li L, Li Y. Soft substrates promote direct chemical reprogramming of fibroblasts into neurons. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:255-272. [PMID: 36041647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed via a combination of small molecules to generate induced neurons (iNs), bypassing intermediate stages. This method holds great promise for regenerative medicine; however, it remains inefficient. Recently, studies have suggested that physical cues may improve the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into neurons, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored, and the physical factors reported to date do not exhibit the full properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Previous in vitro studies mainly used rigid polystyrene dishes, while one of the characteristics of the native in-vivo environment of neurons is the soft nature of brain ECM. The reported stiffness of brain tissue is very soft ranging between 100 Pa and 3 kPa, and the effect of substrate stiffness on direct neuronal reprogramming has not been explored. Here, we show for the first time that soft substrates substantially improved the production efficiency and quality of iNs, without needing to co-culture with glial cells during reprogramming, producing more glutamatergic neurons with electrophysiological functions in a shorter time. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that soft substrates might promote glutamatergic neuron reprogramming through integrins, actin cytoskeleton, Hippo signalling pathway, and regulation of mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, and competing endogenous RNA network analysis provided new targets for neuronal reprogramming. We demonstrated that soft substrates may promote neuronal reprogramming by inhibiting microRNA-615-3p-targeting integrin subunit beta 4. Our findings can aid the development of regenerative therapies and help improve our understanding of neuronal reprogramming. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : First, we have shown that low stiffness promotes direct reprogramming on the basis of small molecule combinations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on this type of method, which may greatly promote the progress of neural reprogramming. Second, we found that miR-615-3p may interact with ITGB4, and the soft substrates may promote neural reprogramming by inhibiting microRNA (miR)-615-3p targeting integrin subunit beta 4 (ITGB4). We are the first to report on this mechanism. Our findings will provide more functional neurons for subsequent basic and clinical research in neurological regenerative medicine, and will help to improve the overall understanding of neural reprogramming. This work also provides new ideas for the design of medical biomaterials for nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Orthopedics and Biotechnology, Department for Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pengdong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan 511518, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yingying Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Stomatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Shuang Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xia He
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Pathology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China.
| | - Jinying Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China.
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Lisha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Xin-Ji-Er-Kang Alleviates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Hypertrophy in Mice through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7229080. [PMID: 36045660 PMCID: PMC9423967 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7229080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) inhibited cardiovascular remodeling in hypertensive mice in our previous studies. We hypothesized that XJEK may prevent isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial hypertrophy (MH) in mice by ameliorating oxidative stress (OS) through a mechanism that may be related to the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) pathways. Forty SPF male Kunming mice were randomized into 5 groups (n = 8 mice per group): control group, MH group, MH + different doses of XJEK (7.5 g/kg/day and 10 g/kg/day), and MH + metoprolol (60 mg/kg/day). On the eighth day after drug treatment, electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography were performed, the mice were sacrificed, and blood and heart tissues were collected for further analysis. XJEK administration markedly ameliorated cardiovascular remodeling (CR), as manifested by a decreased HW/BW ratio and CSA and less collagen deposition after MH. XJEK administration also improved MH, as evidenced by decreased atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) levels. XJEK also suppressed the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum of mice with MH. XJEK-induced oxidative stress may be related to potentiating Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression compared with the MH groups. XJEK ameliorates MH by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that XJEK is a potential treatment for MH.
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Da’as SI, Hasan W, Salem R, Younes N, Abdelrahman D, Mohamed IA, Aldaalis A, Temanni R, Mathew LS, Lorenz S, Yacoub M, Nomikos M, Nasrallah GK, Fakhro KA. Transcriptome Profile Identifies Actin as an Essential Regulator of Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C3 Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Zebrafish Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168840. [PMID: 36012114 PMCID: PMC9408294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) are the leading cause of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), demonstrating the key role that cMyBP-C plays in the heart’s contractile machinery. To investigate the c-MYBPC3 HCM-related cardiac impairment, we generated a zebrafish mypbc3-knockout model. These knockout zebrafish displayed significant morphological heart alterations related to a significant decrease in ventricular and atrial diameters at systolic and diastolic states at the larval stages. Immunofluorescence staining revealed significant hyperplasia in the mutant’s total cardiac and ventricular cardiomyocytes. Although cardiac contractility was similar to the wild-type control, the ejection fraction was significantly increased in the mypbc3 mutants. At later stages of larval development, the mutants demonstrated an early cardiac phenotype of myocardium remodeling, concurrent cardiomyocyte hyperplasia, and increased ejection fraction as critical processes in HCM initiation to counteract the increased ventricular myocardial wall stress. The examination of zebrafish adults showed a thickened ventricular cardiac wall with reduced heart rate, swimming speed, and endurance ability in both the mypbc3 heterozygous and homozygous groups. Furthermore, heart transcriptome profiling showed a significant downregulation of the actin-filament-based process, indicating an impaired actin cytoskeleton organization as the main dysregulating factor associated with the early ventricular cardiac hypertrophy in the zebrafish mypbc3 HCM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Isa Da’as
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence:
| | - Waseem Hasan
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | - Rola Salem
- Health Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Nadine Younes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Doua Abdelrahman
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | - Iman A. Mohamed
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - Arwa Aldaalis
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Temanni
- Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | - Lisa Sara Mathew
- Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | - Stephan Lorenz
- Integrated Genomics Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
| | | | - Michail Nomikos
- College of Medicine, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K. Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Khalid A. Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha P.O. Box 26999, Qatar
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha P.O. Box 24811, Qatar
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Mustafa NH, Jalil J, Zainalabidin S, Saleh MS, Asmadi AY, Kamisah Y. Molecular mechanisms of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac remodeling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:892460. [PMID: 36003518 PMCID: PMC9393311 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.892460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have become a major clinical burden globally. Heart failure is one of the diseases that commonly emanates from progressive uncontrolled hypertension. This gives rise to the need for a new treatment for the disease. Sacubitril/valsartan is a new drug combination that has been approved for patients with heart failure. This review aims to detail the mechanism of action for sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac remodeling, a cellular and molecular process that occurs during the development of heart failure. Accumulating evidence has unveiled the cardioprotective effects of sacubitril/valsartan on cellular and molecular modulation in cardiac remodeling, with recent large-scale randomized clinical trials confirming its supremacy over other traditional heart failure treatments. However, its molecular mechanism of action in cardiac remodeling remains obscure. Therefore, comprehending the molecular mechanism of action of sacubitril/valsartan could help future research to study the drug's potential therapy to reduce the severity of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Hidayah Mustafa
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Research Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juriyati Jalil
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Research Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Program of Biomedical Science, Centre of Applied and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed S.M. Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Yusof Asmadi
- Unit of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Cyclic Stretching Induces Maturation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes through Nuclear-Mechanotransduction. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:781-792. [PMID: 35258794 PMCID: PMC9294081 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cardiogenesis, cardiac cells receive various stimuli, such as biomechanical and chemical cues, from the surrounding microenvironment, and these signals induce the maturation of heart cells. Mechanical force, especially tensile force in the heart, is one of the key stimuli that induce cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation through mechanotransduction, a process through which physical cues are transformed into biological responses. However, the effects and mechanisms of tensile force on cell maturation are poorly studied. METHODS In this study, we developed a cyclic stretch system that mimics the mechanical environment of the heart by loading tensile force to human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived CMs. hiPSC-CMs cultured with the cyclic stretch system analyzed morphological change, immunofluorescent staining, expression of maturation markers in mRNA, and beating properties compared to static cultures. RESULTS hiPSC-CMs cultured with the cyclic stretch system showed increased cell alignment, sarcomere length and expression of maturation markers in mRNA, such as TNNI3, MYL2 and TTN, compared to static cultures. Especially, the expression of genes related to nuclear mechanotransduction, such as Yap1, Lamin A/C, plectin, and desmin, was increased in the cyclically stretched hiPSC-CMs. Furthermore, the volume of the nucleus was increased by as much as 120% in the cyclic stretch group. CONCLUSION These results revealed that nuclear mechanotransduction induced by tensile force is involved in CM maturation. Together, these findings provide novel evidence suggesting that nuclear mechanotransduction induced by tensile force is involved in the regulation of cardiac maturation.
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Wu J, Wang W, Huang Y, Wu H, Wang J, Han M. Deletion of SM22α disrupts the structure and function of caveolae and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes, contributing to heart failure. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271578. [PMID: 35849583 PMCID: PMC9292107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Smooth muscle 22-alpha (SM22α) is an actin-binding protein that plays critical roles in mediating polymerization of actin filaments and stretch sensitivity of cytoskeleton in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Multiple lines of evidence indicate the existence of SM22α in cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated the effect of cardiac SM22α on the membrane architecture and functions of cardiomyocytes to pressure overload. Methods SM22α knock-out (KO) mice were utilized to assess the role of SM22α in the heart. Echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to induce heart failure, cell shortening properties were measured by IonOptix devices in intact cardiomyocytes, Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments was measured in permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Confocal microscopy, electron microscopy, western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP), Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) techniques were used to perform functional and structural analysis. Results SM22α ablation did not alter cardiac function at baseline, but mRNA levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) were increased significantly compared with wild type (WT) controls. The membrane architecture was severely disrupted in SM22α KO cardiomyocytes, with disassembly and flattening of caveolae and disrupted T-tubules. Furthermore, SM22α was co-immunoprecipitated with caveolin-3 (Cav3), and the interaction between Cav3 and actin was significantly reduced in SM22α KO cells. SM22α KO cardiomyocytes displayed asynchronized SR Ca2+ release, significantly increased Ca2+ spark frequency. Additionally, the kinetics of sarcomere shortening was abnormal, accompanied with increased sensitivity and reduced maximum response of myofilaments to Ca2+ in SM22α KO cardiomyocytes. SM22α KO mice were more prone to heart failure after TAC. Conclusions Our findings identified that SM22α may be required for the architecture and function of caveolae and T-tubules in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaomeng Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haochen Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- * E-mail:
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Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Shah AK. Future scope and challenges for congestive heart failure: Moving towards development of pharmacotherapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:834-847. [PMID: 35704943 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is invariably associated with cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac performance. Although several drugs have been developed to delay the progression of heart failure, none of the existing interventions have shown beneficial effects in reducing morbidity and mortality. In order to determine specific targets for future drug development, we have discussed different mechanisms involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocyte (extracellular matrix) alterations for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as well as for the progression of heart failure. We have emphasized the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations and Ca2+-handling defects in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction in hypertrophied myocardium. Alterations in the regulatory process due to several protein kinases as well as participation of mitochondrial Ca2+-overload, activation of proteases and phospholipases and changes in gene expression for subcellular remodeling have also been described for the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction. Association of cardiac arrhythmia with heart failure has been explained as a consequence of catecholamine oxidation products. Since these multifactorial defects in extracellular matrix and cardiomyocytes are evident in the failing heart, it is a challenge for experimental cardiologists to develop appropriate combination drug therapy for improving cardiac function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- University of Manitoba, 8664, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Canada;
| | - Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St.Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Anureet Kaur Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 900032, USA., Los Angeles, United States;
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Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060880. [PMID: 35741401 PMCID: PMC9220194 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Death from injury to the heart from a variety of causes remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The cardiomyocyte, the major contracting cell of the heart, is responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. During fetal development, these immature cardiomyocytes are small and rapidly divide to complete development of the heart by birth when they develop structural and functional characteristics of mature cells which prevent further division. All further growth of the heart after birth is due to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy. Following the loss of functional cardiomyocytes due to coronary artery occlusion or other causes, the heart is unable to replace the lost cells. One of the significant research goals has been to induce adult cardiomyocytes to reactivate the cell cycle and repair cardiac injury. This review explores the developmental, structural, and functional changes of the growing cardiomyocyte, and particularly the sarcomere, responsible for force generation, from the early fetal period of reproductive cell growth through the neonatal period and on to adulthood, as well as during pathological response to different forms of myocardial diseases or injury. Multiple issues relative to cardiomyocyte cell-cycle regulation in normal or diseased conditions are discussed. Abstract The cardiomyocyte undergoes dramatic changes in structure, metabolism, and function from the early fetal stage of hyperplastic cell growth, through birth and the conversion to hypertrophic cell growth, continuing to the adult stage and responding to various forms of stress on the myocardium, often leading to myocardial failure. The fetal cell with incompletely formed sarcomeres and other cellular and extracellular components is actively undergoing mitosis, organelle dispersion, and formation of daughter cells. In the first few days of neonatal life, the heart is able to repair fully from injury, but not after conversion to hypertrophic growth. Structural and metabolic changes occur following conversion to hypertrophic growth which forms a barrier to further cardiomyocyte division, though interstitial components continue dividing to keep pace with cardiac growth. Both intra- and extracellular structural changes occur in the stressed myocardium which together with hemodynamic alterations lead to metabolic and functional alterations of myocardial failure. This review probes some of the questions regarding conditions that regulate normal and pathologic growth of the heart.
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68
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Ji H, Qu J, Peng W, Yang L. Downregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 Inhibits Angiotensin II-induced Hypertrophic Effects of Cardiomyocytes by Regulating SIRT4 via miR-93-5p. Int Heart J 2022; 63:602-611. [PMID: 35650160 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a leading risk for heart failure and sudden death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy. We aimed to investigate the potential role and functional mechanism of lncRNA metastasis-associated in lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in cardiac hypertrophy. C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to induce cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. The expression of MALAT1, miR-93-5p, and sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) mRNA was detected using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of cardiac hypertrophy-related markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), and SIRT4 were measured via western blotting. The putative interaction between miR-93-5p and MALAT1 or SIRT4 was verified using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay, or pull-down assay. Consequently, the expression of MALAT1 and SIRT4 was increased in TAC-treated mouse heart and angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced cardiomyocytes, whereas the expression of miR-93-5p was decreased. Ang-II promoted the expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC and the surface area of cardiomyocytes, whereas MALAT1 downregulation impaired their expression and cell area. MiR-93-5p was a target of MALAT1, and its inhibition reversed the effects of MALAT1 downregulation. More importantly, MALAT1 modulated SIRT4 expression by degrading miR-93-5p. The expression of ANP, BNP, and β-MHC suppressed by miR-93-5p restoration was recovered by SIRT4 promotion. Overall, MALAT1 knockdown ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy partly by regulating the miR-93-5p/SIRT4 network, indicating that MALAT1 was a substantial indicator of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchun Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Jingxian Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Dalian Second People's Hospital
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Kloth B, Mearini G, Weinberger F, Stenzig J, Geertz B, Starbatty J, Lindner D, Schumacher U, Reichenspurner H, Eschenhagen T, Hirt MN. Piezo2 is not an indispensable mechanosensor in murine cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8193. [PMID: 35581325 PMCID: PMC9114012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A short-term increase in ventricular filling leads to an immediate (Frank-Starling mechanism) and a slower (Anrep effect) rise in cardiac contractility, while long-term increased cardiac load (e.g., in arterial hypertension) decreases contractility. Whether these answers to mechanical tension are mediated by specific sensors in cardiomyocytes remains elusive. In this study, the piezo2 protein was evaluated as a potential mechanosensor. Piezo2 was found to be upregulated in various rat and mouse cardiac tissues upon mechanical or pharmacological stress. To investigate its function, C57BL/6J mice with homozygous cardiomyocyte-specific piezo2 knockout [Piezo2-KO] were created. To this end, α-MHC-Cre mice were crossed with homozygous "floxed" piezo2 mice. α-MHC-Cre mice crossed with wildtype mice served as controls [WT-Cre+]. In cardiomyocytes of Piezo2-KO mice, piezo2 mRNA was reduced by > 90% and piezo2 protein was not detectable. Piezo2-KO mice displayed no morphological abnormalities or altered cardiac function under nonstressed conditions. In a subsequent step, hearts of Piezo2-KO or WT-Cre+-mice were stressed by either three weeks of increased afterload (angiotensin II, 2.5 mg/kg/day) or one week of hypercontractility (isoprenaline, 30 mg/kg/day). As expected, angiotensin II treatment in WT-Cre+-mice resulted in higher heart and lung weight (per body weight, + 38%, + 42%), lower ejection fraction and cardiac output (- 30%, - 39%) and higher left ventricular anterior and posterior wall thickness (+ 34%, + 37%), while isoprenaline led to higher heart weight (per body weight, + 25%) and higher heart rate and cardiac output (+ 24%, + 54%). The Piezo2-KO mice reacted similarly with the exception that the angiotensin II-induced increases in wall thickness were blunted and the isoprenaline-induced increase in cardiac output was slightly less pronounced. As cardiac function was neither severely affected under basal nor under stressed conditions in Piezo2-KO mice, we conclude that piezo2 is not an indispensable mechanosensor in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kloth
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulia Mearini
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weinberger
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justus Stenzig
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Geertz
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jutta Starbatty
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Lindner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Reichenspurner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Heart & Vascular Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc N Hirt
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany.
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Rashid SA, Blanchard AT, Combs JD, Fernandez N, Dong Y, Cho HC, Salaita K. DNA Tension Probes Show that Cardiomyocyte Maturation Is Sensitive to the Piconewton Traction Forces Transmitted by Integrins. ACS NANO 2022; 16:5335-5348. [PMID: 35324164 PMCID: PMC11238821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle cells (CMCs) are the unit cells that comprise the heart. CMCs go through different stages of differentiation and maturation pathways to fully mature into beating cells. These cells can sense and respond to mechanical cues through receptors such as integrins which influence maturation pathways. For example, cell traction forces are important for the differentiation and development of functional CMCs, as CMCs cultured on varying substrate stiffness function differently. Most work in this area has focused on understanding the role of bulk extracellular matrix stiffness in mediating the functional fate of CMCs. Given that stiffness sensing mechanisms are mediated by individual integrin receptors, an important question in this area pertains to the specific magnitude of integrin piconewton (pN) forces that can trigger CMC functional maturation. To address this knowledge gap, we used DNA adhesion tethers that rupture at specific thresholds of force (∼12, ∼56, and ∼160 pN) to test whether capping peak integrin tension to specific magnitudes affects CMC function. We show that adhesion tethers with greater force tolerance lead to functionally mature CMCs as determined by morphology, twitching frequency, transient calcium flux measurements, and protein expression (F-actin, vinculin, α-actinin, YAP, and SERCA2a). Additionally, sarcomeric actinin alignment and multinucleation were significantly enhanced as the mechanical tolerance of integrin tethers was increased. Taken together, the results show that CMCs harness defined pN integrin forces to influence early stage development. This study represents an important step toward biophysical characterization of the contribution of pN forces in early stage cardiac differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aysha Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Natasha Fernandez
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hee Cheol Cho
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 1405 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Zhang J, Du L, Qin X, Guo X. Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on the Right Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024449. [PMID: 35470677 PMCID: PMC9238626 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) demonstrated significant effects in improving left ventricular performance and remodeling in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, its effects on the right ventricle remain unclear. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the impact of S/V on right ventricular function and pulmonary hypertension. Methods and Results We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from January 2010 to April 2021 for studies reporting right ventricular and pulmonary pressure indexes following S/V treatment. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale. Variables were pooled using a random‐effects model to estimate weighted mean differences with 95% CIs. We identified 10 eligible studies comprising 875 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (mean age, 62.2 years; 74.0% men), all of which were observational. Significant improvements on right ventricular function and pulmonary hypertension after S/V initiation were observed, including tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (weighted mean difference, 1.26 mm; 95% CI, 0.33–2.18 mm; P=0.008), tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity (weighted mean difference, 0.85 cm/s; 95% CI, 0.25–1.45 cm/s; P=0.005), and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (weighted mean difference, 7.21 mm Hg; 95% CI, 5.38–9.03 mm Hg; P<0.001). Besides, S/V had a significant beneficial impact on left heart function, which was consistent with previous studies. The quadratic regression model revealed a certain correlation between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion and left ventricular ejection fraction after excluding the inappropriate data (P=0.026). Conclusions This meta‐analysis verified that S/V could improve right ventricular performance and pulmonary hypertension in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which did not seem to be fully dependent on the reverse remodeling of left ventricle. Registration URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; Unique identifier: CRD42021247970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Le Du
- Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiaohan Qin
- Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Cardiology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
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Acharya A, Nemade H, Rajendra Prasad K, Khan K, Hescheler J, Blackburn N, Hemmersbach R, Papadopoulos S, Sachinidis A. Live-Cell Imaging of the Contractile Velocity and Transient Intracellular Ca 2+ Fluctuations in Human Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cells 2022; 11:1280. [PMID: 35455960 PMCID: PMC9031802 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-cell imaging techniques are essential for acquiring vital physiological and pathophysiological knowledge to understand and treat heart disease. For live-cell imaging of transient alterations of [Ca2+]i in human cardiomyocytes, we engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cells carrying a genetically-encoded Ca2+-indicator (GECI). To monitor sarcomere shortening and relaxation in cardiomyocytes in real-time, we generated a α-cardiac actinin (ACTN2)-copepod (cop) green fluorescent protein (GFP+)-human-induced pluripotent stem cell line by using the CRISPR-Cas9 and a homology directed recombination approach. The engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated in transgenic GECI-enhanced GFP+-cardiomyocytes and ACTN2-copGFP+-cardiomyocytes, allowing real-time imaging of [Ca2+]i transients and live recordings of the sarcomere shortening velocity of ACTN2-copGFP+-cardiomyocytes. We developed a video analysis software tool to quantify various parameters of sarcoplasmic Ca2+ fluctuations recorded during contraction of cardiomyocytes and to calculate the contraction velocity of cardiomyocytes in the presence and absence of different drugs affecting cardiac function. Our cellular and software tool not only proved the positive and negative inotropic and lusitropic effects of the tested cardioactive drugs but also quantified the expected effects precisely. Our platform will offer a human-relevant in vitro alternative for high-throughput drug screenings, as well as a model to explore the underlying mechanisms of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviseka Acharya
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Harshal Nemade
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Krishna Rajendra Prasad
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Khadija Khan
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Nick Blackburn
- Bioras Company, Kaarsbergsvej 2, 8400 Ebeltoft, Denmark;
| | - Ruth Hemmersbach
- German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Gravitational Biology, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Symeon Papadopoulos
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Working Group Sachinidis, Center for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, The University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; (A.A.); (H.N.); (K.R.P.); (K.K.); (J.H.); (S.P.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Bartoli F, Evans EL, Blythe NM, Stewart L, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Debant M, Musialowski KE, Lichtenstein L, Parsonage G, Futers TS, Turner NA, Beech DJ. Global PIEZO1 Gain-of-Function Mutation Causes Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071199. [PMID: 35406763 PMCID: PMC8997529 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 is a subunit of mechanically-activated, nonselective cation channels. Gain-of-function PIEZO1 mutations are associated with dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis (DHS), a type of anaemia, due to abnormal red blood cell function. Here, we hypothesised additional effects on the heart. Consistent with this hypothesis, mice engineered to contain the M2241R mutation in PIEZO1 to mimic a DHS mutation had increased cardiac mass and interventricular septum thickness at 8–12 weeks of age, without altered cardiac contractility. Myocyte size was greater and there was increased expression of genes associated with cardiac hypertrophy (Anp, Acta1 and β-MHC). There was also cardiac fibrosis, increased expression of Col3a1 (a gene associated with fibrosis) and increased responses of isolated cardiac fibroblasts to PIEZO1 agonism. The data suggest detrimental effects of excess PIEZO1 activity on the heart, mediated in part by amplified PIEZO1 function in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Bartoli
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (D.J.B.); Tel.: +44-113-343-9509 (F.B.); +44-113-343-4323 (D.J.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Beech
- Correspondence: (F.B.); (D.J.B.); Tel.: +44-113-343-9509 (F.B.); +44-113-343-4323 (D.J.B.)
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74
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Impact of Treadmill Interval Running on the Appearance of Zinc Finger Protein FHL2 in Bone Marrow Cells in a Rat Model: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040528. [PMID: 35455019 PMCID: PMC9029125 DOI: 10.3390/life12040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the benefits of physical exercise to preserve bone quality are now widely recognized, the intimate mechanisms leading to the underlying cell responses still require further investigations. Interval training running, for instance, appears as a generator of impacts on the skeleton, and particularly on the progenitor cells located in the bone marrow. Therefore, if this kind of stimulus initiates bone cell proliferation and differentiation, the activation of a devoted signaling pathway by mechano-transduction seems likely. This study aimed at investigating the effects of an interval running program on the appearance of the zinc finger protein FHL2 in bone cells and their anatomical location. Twelve 5-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to one of the following groups (n = 6 per group): sedentary control (SED) or high-intensity interval running (EX, 8 consecutive weeks). FHL2 identification in bone cells was performed by immuno-histochemistry on serial sections of radii. We hypothesized that impacts generated by running could activate, in vivo, a specific signaling pathway, through an integrin-mediated mechano-transductive process, leading to the synthesis of FHL2 in bone marrow cells. Our data demonstrated the systematic appearance of FHL2 (% labeled cells: 7.5%, p < 0.001) in bone marrow obtained from EX rats, whereas no FHL2 was revealed in SED rats. These results suggest that the mechanical impacts generated during high-intensity interval running activate a signaling pathway involving nuclear FHL2, such as that also observed with dexamethasone administration. Consequently, interval running could be proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy to contribute to bone marrow cell osteogenic differentiation.
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75
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Scalabrino G. Newly Identified Deficiencies in the Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System and Their Impact on the Remyelination Failure. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040815. [PMID: 35453565 PMCID: PMC9026986 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains enigmatic and controversial. Myelin sheaths in the central nervous system (CNS) insulate axons and allow saltatory nerve conduction. MS brings about the destruction of myelin sheaths and the myelin-producing oligodendrocytes (ODCs). The conundrum of remyelination failure is, therefore, crucial in MS. In this review, the roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF), normal prions, and cobalamin in CNS myelinogenesis are briefly summarized. Thereafter, some findings of other authors and ourselves on MS and MS-like models are recapitulated, because they have shown that: (a) EGF is significantly decreased in the CNS of living or deceased MS patients; (b) its repeated administration to mice in various MS-models prevents demyelination and inflammatory reaction; (c) as was the case for EGF, normal prion levels are decreased in the MS CNS, with a strong correspondence between liquid and tissue levels; and (d) MS cobalamin levels are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid, but decreased in the spinal cord. In fact, no remyelination can occur in MS if these molecules (essential for any form of CNS myelination) are lacking. Lastly, other non-immunological MS abnormalities are reviewed. Together, these results have led to a critical reassessment of MS pathogenesis, partly because EGF has little or no role in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scalabrino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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76
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Cui YK, Hong YX, Wu WY, Han WM, Wu Y, Wu C, Li GR, Wang Y. Acacetin ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by activating Sirt1/AMPK/PGC-1α pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174858. [PMID: 35219729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a major risk factor for developing heart failure. This study investigates the effects of the natural flavone acacetin on myocardial hypertrophy in cellular level and whole animals. In cardiomyocytes from neonatal rat with hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), acacetin at 0.3, 1, and 3 μM reduced the increased myocyte surface area, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and ROS production by upregulating anti-oxidative molecules (i.e. Nrf2, SOD1, SOD2, HO-1), anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and downregulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, acacetin rescued Ang II-induced impairment of PGC-1α, PPARα and pAMPK. These beneficial effects of acacetin were mediated by activation of Sirt1, which was confirmed in cardiac hypertrophy induced by abdominal aorta constriction (AAC) in SD rats. Acacetin prodrug (10 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.) treatment reduced the elevated artery blood pressure, improved the increased heart size and thickness of left ventricular wall and the ventricular fibrosis associated with inhibiting myocardial fibrosis and BNP, and reversed the impaired protective signal molecules including PGC-1α, Nrf2, PPARα, pAMPK and Sirt1 of left ventricular tissue. Our results demonstrate the novel pharmacological effect that acacetin ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy via Sirt1-mediated activation of AMPK/PGC-1α signal molecules followed by reducing oxidation, inflammation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Cui
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Yi-Xiang Hong
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Wei-Yin Wu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Wei-Min Han
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Yao Wu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Chan Wu
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China; Nanjing Amazigh Pharma Limited, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210032, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361009, China.
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78
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Hu L, Wang Z, Li H, Wei J, Tang F, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Zhang Q. Icariin inhibits isoproterenol-induced cardiomyocyte hypertropic injury through activating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 593:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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79
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Chen H, Shen Y, Pang L, Wu W, Yu Z. Tanshinone IIA alleviates cardiac hypertrophy through m6A modification of galectin-3. Bioengineered 2022; 13:4260-4270. [PMID: 35191812 PMCID: PMC8973617 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy results from the adaptive response of the myocardium to pressure overload on the heart. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the major active compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which possesses various pharmacological benefits. In the present study, the effect and mechanism of action of Tan IIA on cardiac hypertrophy were studied. Ang II–induced and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy models were used to evaluate the effect of Tan IIA. An adenoviral vector system was utilized to overexpress galectin-3. The results revealed that Tan IIA significantly inhibited Ang II–induced hypertrophy in vitro and TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Furthermore, Tan IIA notably inhibited the expression of galectin-3. Rescue experiments indicated that galectin-3 overexpression reversed the effects of Tan IIA, which further validated the interaction between Tan IIA and galectin-3. Additionally, Tan IIA suppressed alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase (ALKBH5)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of galectin-3. In summary, the results of the present study indicated that Tan IIA attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by targeting galectin-3, suggesting that galectin-3 plays a critical role in cardiac hypertrophy and represents a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao District), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao District), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People' s Hospital (People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao District), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenfei Yu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Dingqiao District), Guangxing Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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80
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang Z, Yan B, Shi A, Xu J, Guan J, Zhang L, Zhou P, Mao Y. Mechanically enhanced composite hydrogel scaffold for in situ bone repairs. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 134:112700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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81
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Differential remodelling of mitochondrial subpopulations and mitochondrial dysfunction are a feature of early stage diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:978. [PMID: 35046471 PMCID: PMC8770458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04929-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a feature of type I and type II diabetes, but there is a lack of consistency between reports and links to disease development. We aimed to investigate if mitochondrial structure–function remodelling occurs in the early stages of diabetes by employing a mouse model (GENA348) of Maturity Onset Diabetes in the Young, exhibiting hyperglycemia, but not hyperinsulinemia, with mild left ventricular dysfunction. Employing 3-D electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) we determined that compared to wild-type, WT, the GENA348 subsarcolemma mitochondria (SSM) are ~ 2-fold larger, consistent with up-regulation of fusion proteins Mfn1, Mfn2 and Opa1. Further, in comparison, GENA348 mitochondria are more irregular in shape, have more tubular projections with SSM projections being longer and wider. Mitochondrial density is also increased in the GENA348 myocardium consistent with up-regulation of PGC1-α and stalled mitophagy (down-regulation of PINK1, Parkin and Miro1). GENA348 mitochondria have more irregular cristae arrangements but cristae dimensions and density are similar to WT. GENA348 Complex activity (I, II, IV, V) activity is decreased but the OCR is increased, potentially linked to a shift towards fatty acid oxidation due to impaired glycolysis. These novel data reveal that dysregulated mitochondrial morphology, dynamics and function develop in the early stages of diabetes.
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82
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Jin G, Wang L, Ma J. Inhibiting STAT5 significantly attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 915:174689. [PMID: 34919891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory response to chronic pressure overload. Excessive angiotensin II is an important inducer of cardiac hypertrophy. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5(STAT5), a member of STATs family which can mediate the transcription of interferon (IFN) genes and immune response has recently been reported to have a close link with non-tumor diseases. However, much remains unknown about how STAT5 might be involved in the progression of hypertrophy. Herein, STAT5-IN-1, a STAT5 inhibitor, was orally administered to Ang II-induced mice. Ang II-stimulated H9c2s cells were used as cell models for the in vitro experiment. Efforts were made to investigate the effects of STAT5-IN-1 in Ang II-induced mice, along with potential mechanism that might account for these effects, which involved treatment with STAT5 inhibitor and the use of siRNA-induced gene silencing. The findings demonstrated that STAT5 inhibitor resulted in a substantial decrease in cardiac hypertrophy in Ang II-induced mice and that this effect is mediated by decreasing inflammation, thus identifying one mechanism of Ang II-induced STAT5 activation. Based on these findings, it can be argued that targeting STAT5 mighted be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China
| | - Lintao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China.
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83
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Liu X, Liu L, Zhao J, Wang H, Li Y. Mechanotransduction regulates inflammation responses of epicardial adipocytes in cardiovascular diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1080383. [PMID: 36589802 PMCID: PMC9800500 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1080383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by secreting various bioactive products to mediate the physiological function of the cardiovascular system. Accumulating evidence shows that adipose tissue disorders contribute to several kinds of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Furthermore, the adipose tissue would present various biological effects depending on its tissue localization and metabolic statuses, deciding the individual cardiometabolic risk. Crosstalk between adipose and myocardial tissue is involved in the pathophysiological process of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), cardiac fibrosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction/atherosclerosis. The abnormal distribution of adipose tissue in the heart might yield direct and/or indirect effects on cardiac function. Moreover, mechanical transduction is critical for adipocytes in differentiation, proliferation, functional maturity, and homeostasis maintenance. Therefore, understanding the features of mechanotransduction pathways in the cellular ontogeny of adipose tissue is vital for underlining the development of adipocytes involved in cardiovascular disorders, which would preliminarily contribute positive implications on a novel therapeutic invention for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of mechanical stress in cardiac adipocyte homeostasis and its interplay with maintaining cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junfei Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education (MOE), Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yifei Li, ; Junfei Zhao, ; Hua Wang,
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84
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Nazbar A, Samani S, Yazdian Kashani S, Amanzadeh A, Shoeibi S, Bonakdar S. Molecular imprinting as a simple way for the long-term maintenance of the stemness and proliferation potential of adipose-derived stem cells: an in vitro study. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6816-6830. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Culturing adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on the biomimetic ADSC-imprinted substrate is a simple way for long-term maintenance of their stemness and proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Nazbar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Yazdian Kashani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Amanzadeh
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Shoeibi
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center (FDLRC), Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), MOH & ME, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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85
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Chronic isoprenaline/phenylephrine vs. exclusive isoprenaline stimulation in mice: critical contribution of alpha 1-adrenoceptors to early cardiac stress responses. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:15. [PMID: 35286475 PMCID: PMC8921177 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is a major driver of cardiac remodeling, exerting its effects through both α-, and β-adrenoceptors (α-, β-ARs). As the relative contribution of subtype α1-AR to cardiac stress responses remains poorly investigated, we subjected mice to either subcutaneous perfusion with the β-AR agonist isoprenaline (ISO, 30 mg/kg × day) or to a combination of ISO and the stable α1-AR agonist phenylephrine (ISO/PE, 30 mg/kg × day each). Telemetry analysis revealed similar hemodynamic responses under both ISO and ISO/PE treatment i.e., permanently increased heart rates and only transient decreases in mean blood pressure during the first 24 h. Echocardiography and single cell analysis after 1 week of exposure showed that ISO/PE-, but not ISO-treated animals established α1-AR-mediated inotropic responsiveness to acute adrenergic stimulation. Morphologically, additional PE perfusion limited concentric cardiomyocyte growth and enhanced cardiac collagen deposition during 7 days of treatment. Time-course analysis demonstrated a diverging development in transcriptional patterns at day 4 of treatment i.e., increased expression of selected marker genes Xirp2, Nppa, Tgfb1, Col1a1, Postn under chronic ISO/PE treatment which was either less pronounced or absent in the ISO group. Transcriptome analyses at day 4 via RNA sequencing demonstrated that additional PE treatment caused a marked upregulation of genes allocated to extracellular matrix and fiber organization along with a more pronounced downregulation of genes involved in metabolic processes, muscle adaptation and cardiac electrophysiology. Consistently, transcriptome changes under ISO/PE challenge more effectively recapitulated early transcriptional alterations in pressure overload-induced experimental heart failure and in human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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86
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Inoue H, Nakamura S, Higo S, Shiba M, Kohama Y, Kondo T, Kameda S, Tabata T, Okuno S, Ikeda Y, Li J, Liu L, Yamazaki S, Takeda M, Ito E, Takashima S, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Hikoso S, Sakata Y. Modeling reduced contractility and impaired desmosome assembly due to plakophilin-2 deficiency using isogenic iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:337-351. [PMID: 35063130 PMCID: PMC8828557 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in PKP2, which encodes plakophilin-2, cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC). Restoration of deficient molecules can serve as upstream therapy, thereby requiring a human model that recapitulates disease pathology and provides distinct readouts in phenotypic analysis for proof of concept for gene replacement therapy. Here, we generated isogenic induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) with precisely adjusted expression of plakophilin-2 from a patient with AC carrying a heterozygous frameshift PKP2 mutation. After monolayer differentiation, plakophilin-2 deficiency led to reduced contractility, disrupted intercalated disc structures, and impaired desmosome assembly in iPSC-CMs. Allele-specific fluorescent labeling of endogenous DSG2 encoding desmoglein-2 in the generated isogenic lines enabled real-time desmosome-imaging under an adjusted dose of plakophilin-2. Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene replacement of PKP2 recovered contractility and restored desmosome assembly, which was sequentially captured by desmosome-imaging in plakophilin-2-deficient iPSC-CMs. Our isogenic set of iPSC-CMs recapitulates AC pathology and provides a rapid and convenient cellular platform for therapeutic development. Generation of isogenic iPSC-CMs with a precise dose of plakophilin-2 Modeling reduced contractility and impaired desmosome assembly using iPSC-CMs Generation of isogenic iPSC-CMs for desmosome-imaging Proof of concept of PKP2 replacement using isogenic plakophilin-2-deficient iPSC-CMs
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Shuichiro Higo
- Department of Medical Therapeutics for Heart Failure, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mikio Shiba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kohama
- Cardiovascular Division, National Hospital Organization, Osaka-Minami Medical Center, Kawachinagano, Osaka 586-8512, Japan
| | - Takumi Kondo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Okuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Junjun Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Design for Tissue Regeneration, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Maki Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emiko Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shungo Hikoso
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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87
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Silva-Cardoso J, Fonseca C, Franco F, Morais J, Ferreira J, Brito D. Optimization of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction prognosis-modifying drugs: A 2021 heart failure expert consensus paper. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:975-983. [PMID: 34922707 DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with high rates of hospitalization and death. It also has a negative impact on patients' functional capacity and quality of life, as well as on healthcare costs. In recent years, new HFrEF prognosis-modifying drugs have emerged, leading to intense debate within the international scientific community toward a paradigm shift for the management of HFrEF. In this article, we report the contribution of a Portuguese HF expert panel to the ongoing debate. Based on the most recently published clinical evidence, and the panel members' clinical judgment, three key principles are highlighted: (i) sacubitril/valsartan should be preferred as first-line therapy for HFrEF, instead of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; (ii) the four foundation HFrEF drugs are the angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, regardless of the presence of type-2 diabetes mellitus; (iii) these four HFrEF drug classes should be introduced over a short-term period of four to six weeks, guided by a safety protocol, followed by a dose up-titration period of 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Cândida Fonseca
- Heart Failure Clinic, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Franco
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Unidade de Tratamento de Insuficiência Cardíaca Avançada (UTICA), Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Morais
- Cardiology Division, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; CiTechCare, Center for Innovative Care and Health, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dulce Brito
- Heart and Vessels Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; CCUL, Cardiovascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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88
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Wang Y, Sun X, Sun X. The Functions of LncRNA H19 in the Heart. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 31:341-349. [PMID: 34840062 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Great effort has been put into exploring early diagnostic biomarkers and innovative therapeutic strategies for preventing CVD progression over the last two decades. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as novel regulators in cardiac development and cardiac pathogenesis. For example, lncRNA H19 (H19), also known as a fetal gene abundant in adult heart and skeletal muscles and evolutionarily conserved in humans and mice, has a regulatory role in aortic aneurysm, myocardial hypertrophy, extracellular matrix reconstitution, and coronary artery diseases. Yet, the exact function of H19 in the heart remains unknown. This review summarises the functions of H19 in the heart and discusses the challenges and possible strategies of H19 research for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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89
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Circ-SIRT1 inhibits cardiac hypertrophy via activating SIRT1 to promote autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1069. [PMID: 34759275 PMCID: PMC8580993 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting studies have substantiated that abrogating autophagy contributes to cardiac hypertrophy (CH). Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been reported to support autophagy and inhibit CH. However, the upstream regulation mechanism behind the regulation of SIRT1 level in CH remains unclear. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are vital modulators in diverse human diseases including CH. This study intended to investigate the regulatory mechanism of circRNA on SIRT1 expression in CH. CH model was established by angiotensin II (Ang II) fusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery and Ang II treatment on hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cells in vitro. Our results showed that circ-SIRT1 (hsa_circ_0093884) expression was downregulated in Ang II-treated hiPSC-CMs, and confirmed that its conserved mouse homolog circ-Sirt1 (mmu_circ_0002354) was expressed at low levels in Ang II-treated H9c2 cells and TAC-induced mice model. Functionally, circ-SIRT1/circ-Sirt1 attenuated Ang II-induced CH and induced autophagy in hiPSC-CMs and H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, circ-SIRT1 could upregulate its host gene SIRT1 at the post-transcriptional level by sponging miR-3681-3p/miR-5195-3p and stabilized SIRT1 protein at the post-translational level by recruiting USP22 to induce deubiquitination on SIRT1 protein. Further, SIRT1 knockdown could rescue the effect of circ-SIRT1 upregulation on Ang II-induced CH and autophagy in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, we first uncovered that circ-SIRT1 restrains CH via activating SIRT1 to promote autophagy, indicating circ-SIRT1 as a promising target to alleviate CH.
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90
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Zhang BB, Gao L, Yang Q, Liu Y, Yu XY, Shen JH, Zhang WC, Han ZY, Chen SZ, Guo S. Role of GALNT4 in protecting against cardiac hypertrophy through ASK1 signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:980. [PMID: 34675184 PMCID: PMC8531281 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathological myocardial hypertrophy is regulated by multiple pathways. However, its underlying pathogenesis has not been fully explored. The goal of this work was to elucidate the function of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (GALNT4) in myocardial hypertrophy and its underlying mechanism of action. We illustrated that GALNT4 was upregulated in the models of hypertrophy. Two cardiac hypertrophy models were established through partial transection of the aorta in GALNT4-knockout (GALNT4-KO) mice and adeno-associated virus 9-GALNT4 (AAV9-GALNT4) mice. The GALNT4-KO mice demonstrated accelerated cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis, whereas the opposite phenotype was observed in AAV9-GALNT4 mice. Similarly, GALNT4 overexpression mitigated the degree of phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro whereas GALNT4 knockdown aggravated the hypertrophy. In terms of mechanism, GALNT4 deficiency increased the phosphorylation and activation of ASK1 and its downstream targets (JNK and p38), whereas GALNT4 overexpression inhibited activation of the ASK1 pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that GALNT4 can directly bind to ASK1 inhibiting its N-terminally mediated dimerization and the subsequent phosphorylation of ASK1. Finally, an ASK1 inhibitor (iASK1) was able to reverse the effects of GALNT4 in vitro. In summary, GALNT4 may serve as a new regulatory factor and therapeutic target by blocking the activation of the ASK1 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Shen
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2 Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Cai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Ying Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Shao-Ze Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Huanggang Central Hospital, Huanggang, China.
- Huanggang Institute of Translational Medicine, Huanggang, China.
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, China.
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91
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Qin L, He T, Chen S, Yang D, Yi W, Cao H, Xiao G. Roles of mechanosensitive channel Piezo1/2 proteins in skeleton and other tissues. Bone Res 2021; 9:44. [PMID: 34667178 PMCID: PMC8526690 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a fundamental ability that allows living organisms to receive and respond to physical signals from both the external and internal environments. The mechanotransduction process requires a range of special proteins termed mechanotransducers to convert mechanical forces into biochemical signals in cells. The Piezo proteins are mechanically activated nonselective cation channels and the largest plasma membrane ion channels reported thus far. The regulation of two family members, Piezo1 and Piezo2, has been reported to have essential functions in mechanosensation and transduction in different organs and tissues. Recently, the predominant contributions of the Piezo family were reported to occur in the skeletal system, especially in bone development and mechano-stimulated bone homeostasis. Here we review current studies focused on the tissue-specific functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 in various backgrounds with special highlights on their importance in regulating skeletal cell mechanotransduction. In this review, we emphasize the diverse functions of Piezo1 and Piezo2 and related signaling pathways in osteoblast lineage cells and chondrocytes. We also summarize our current understanding of Piezo channel structures and the key findings about PIEZO gene mutations in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tailin He
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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92
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Kamareddine L, Ghantous CM, Allouch S, Al-Ashmar SA, Anlar G, Kannan S, Djouhri L, Korashy HM, Agouni A, Zeidan A. Between Inflammation and Autophagy: The Role of Leptin-Adiponectin Axis in Cardiac Remodeling. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5349-5365. [PMID: 34703273 PMCID: PMC8528546 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s322231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling is the process by which the heart adapts to stressful stimuli, such as hypertension and ischemia/reperfusion; it ultimately leads to heart failure upon long-term exposure. Autophagy, a cellular catabolic process that was originally considered as a mechanism of cell death in response to detrimental stimuli, is thought to be one of the main mechanisms that controls cardiac remodeling and induces heart failure. Dysregulation of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin, which plays essential roles in lipid and glucose metabolism, and in the pathophysiology of the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems, has been shown to affect the autophagic response in the heart and to contribute to accelerate cardiac remodeling. The obesity-associated protein leptin is a pro-inflammatory, tumor-promoting adipocytokine whose elevated levels in obesity are associated with acute cardiovascular events, and obesity-related hypertension. Adiponectin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects, and its reduced levels in obesity correlate with the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. Leptin- and adiponectin-induced changes in autophagic flux have been linked to cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In this review, we describe the different molecular mechanisms of hyperleptinemia- and hypoadiponectinemia-mediated pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and the involvement of autophagy in this process. A better understanding of the roles of leptin, adiponectin, and autophagy in cardiac functions and remodeling, and the exact signal transduction pathways by which they contribute to cardiac diseases may well lead to discovery of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Crystal M Ghantous
- Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Notre Dame University-Louaize, Keserwan, Lebanon
| | - Soumaya Allouch
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah A Al-Ashmar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gulsen Anlar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Surya Kannan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M Korashy
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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93
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Solís C, Russell B. Striated muscle proteins are regulated both by mechanical deformation and by chemical post-translational modification. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:679-695. [PMID: 34777614 PMCID: PMC8555064 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
All cells sense force and build their cytoskeleton to optimize function. How is this achieved? Two major systems are involved. The first is that load deforms specific protein structures in a proportional and orientation-dependent manner. The second is post-translational modification of proteins as a consequence of signaling pathway activation. These two processes work together in a complex way so that local subcellular assembly as well as overall cell function are controlled. This review discusses many cell types but focuses on striated muscle. Detailed information is provided on how load deforms the structure of proteins in the focal adhesions and filaments, using α-actinin, vinculin, talin, focal adhesion kinase, LIM domain-containing proteins, filamin, myosin, titin, and telethonin as examples. Second messenger signals arising from external triggers are distributed throughout the cell causing post-translational or chemical modifications of protein structures, with the actin capping protein CapZ and troponin as examples. There are numerous unanswered questions of how mechanical and chemical signals are integrated by muscle proteins to regulate sarcomere structure and function yet to be studied. Therefore, more research is needed to see how external triggers are integrated with local tension generated within the cell. Nonetheless, maintenance of tension in the sarcomere is the essential and dominant mechanism, leading to the well-known phrase in exercise physiology: "use it or lose it."
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Solís
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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94
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Hajializadeh Z, Khaksari M. The protective effects of 17-β estradiol and SIRT1 against cardiac hypertrophy: a review. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 27:725-738. [PMID: 34537933 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-021-10171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide is cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which leads to heart failure. Sex differences in CH can be caused by sex hormones or their receptors. The incidence of CH increases in postmenopausal women due to the decrease in female sex hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) during menopause. E2 and its receptors inhibit CH in humans and animal models. Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent HDAC (histone deacetylase) and plays a major role in biological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress responses. Probably SIRT1 because of these effects, is one of the main suppressors of CH and has a cardioprotective effect. On the other hand, estrogen and its agonists are highly efficient in modulating SIRT1 expression. In the present study, we review the protective effects of E2 and SIRT1 against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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95
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Southard T, Kelly K, Armien AG. Myocardial protein aggregates in pet guinea pigs. Vet Pathol 2021; 59:157-163. [PMID: 34530659 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211042586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of guinea pigs submitted for necropsy revealed intracytoplasmic inclusions in the cardiomyocytes of 26 of 30 animals. The inclusions were found with approximately the same frequency in male and female guinea pigs and were slightly more common in older animals. In most cases, the animals did not have clinical signs or necropsy findings suggestive of heart failure, and the cause of death or reason for euthanasia was attributed to concurrent disease processes. However, the 4 guinea pigs with the highest inclusion body burden all had pulmonary edema, sometimes with intra-alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages, suggestive of heart failure. The inclusions were found in both the left and right ventricular myocardium, mainly in the papillary muscles, but were most common in the right ventricular free wall. No inclusions were detected in the atrial myocardium or in skeletal muscle. The inclusions did not stain with Congo red or periodic acid-Schiff. Electron microscopy revealed dense aggregates of disorganized myofilaments and microtubules that displaced and compressed the adjacent organelles. By immunohistochemistry, there was some scattered immunoreactivity for desmin and actin at the periphery of the inclusions and punctate actin reactivity within the aggregates. The inclusions did not react with antibodies to ubiquitin or cardiac myosin, but were variably reactive for alpha B crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein. The inclusions were interpreted as evidence of impaired proteostasis.
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96
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Silva-Cardoso J, Fonseca C, Franco F, Morais J, Ferreira J, Brito D. Optimization of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction prognosis-modifying drugs: A 2021 heart failure expert consensus paper. Rev Port Cardiol 2021; 40:S0870-2551(21)00355-3. [PMID: 34462172 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is associated with high rates of hospitalization and death. It also has a negative impact on patients' functional capacity and quality of life, as well as on healthcare costs. In recent years, new HFrEF prognosis-modifying drugs have emerged, leading to intense debate within the international scientific community toward a paradigm shift for the management of HFrEF. In this article, we report the contribution of a Portuguese HF expert panel to the ongoing debate. Based on the most recently published clinical evidence, and the panel members' clinical judgment, three key principles are highlighted: (i) sacubitril/valsartan should be preferred as first-line therapy for HFrEF, instead of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker; (ii) the four foundation HFrEF drugs are the angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitor, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, regardless of the presence of type-2 diabetes mellitus; (iii) these four HFrEF drug classes should be introduced over a short-term period of four to six weeks, guided by a safety protocol, followed by a dose up-titration period of 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Silva-Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Oporto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Oporto, Portugal.
| | - Cândida Fonseca
- Heart Failure Clinic, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Franco
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Unidade de Tratamento de Insuficiência Cardíaca Avançada (UTICA), Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Morais
- Cardiology Division, Centro Hospitalar de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal; CiTechCare, Center for Innovative Care and Health, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dulce Brito
- Heart and Vessels Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; CCUL, Cardiovascular Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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97
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The role of basement membranes in cardiac biology and disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229516. [PMID: 34382650 PMCID: PMC8390786 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membranes are highly specialised extracellular matrix structures that within the heart underlie endothelial cells and surround cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells. They generate a dynamic and structurally supportive environment throughout cardiac development and maturation by providing physical anchorage to the underlying interstitium, structural support to the tissue, and by influencing cell behaviour and signalling. While this provides a strong link between basement membrane dysfunction and cardiac disease, the role of the basement membrane in cardiac biology remains under-researched and our understanding regarding the mechanistic interplay between basement membrane defects and their morphological and functional consequences remain important knowledge-gaps. In this review we bring together emerging understanding of basement membrane defects within the heart including in common cardiovascular pathologies such as contractile dysfunction and highlight some key questions that are now ready to be addressed.
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98
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Zhang Y, Su SA, Li W, Ma Y, Shen J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Chen J, Ji Y, Xie Y, Ma H, Xiang M. Piezo1-Mediated Mechanotransduction Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy by Impairing Calcium Homeostasis to Activate Calpain/Calcineurin Signaling. Hypertension 2021; 78:647-660. [PMID: 34333987 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-An Su
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wudi Li
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology (Y.W.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Shen
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Ji
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Xie
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ma
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- From the Department of Cardiology (Y.Z., S.-a.S., W.L., Y.M., J.S., Y.S., J.C., Y.J., Y.X., H.M., M.X.), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is generally considered adaptive responses that may occur after myocardial infarction, pressure overload, volume overload, inflammatory heart muscle disease, or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, whereas long-term stimulation eventually leads to heart failure (HF). However, the current molecular mechanisms involved in CH are unclear. Recently, increasing evidences reveal that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in CH. Different lncRNAs can promote or inhibit the pathological process of CH by different mechanisms, while the regulation of lncRNAs expression can improve CH. Thus, CH-related lncRNAs may become a novel field of research on CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Cardiac Biomarkers and Autoantibodies in Endurance Athletes: Potential Similarities with Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Pathogenic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126500. [PMID: 34204386 PMCID: PMC8235133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The “Extreme Exercise Hypothesis” states that when individuals perform training beyond the ideal exercise dose, a decline in the beneficial effects of physical activity occurs. This is due to significant changes in myocardial structure and function, such as hemodynamic alterations, cardiac chamber enlargement and hypertrophy, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and conduction changes. In addition, an increased amount of circulating biomarkers of exercise-induced damage has been reported. Although these changes are often reversible, long-lasting cardiac damage may develop after years of intense physical exercise. Since several features of the athlete’s heart overlap with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM), the syndrome of “exercise-induced ACM” has been postulated. Thus, the distinction between ACM and the athlete’s heart may be challenging. Recently, an autoimmune mechanism has been discovered in ACM patients linked to their characteristic junctional impairment. Since cardiac junctions are similarly impaired by intense physical activity due to the strong myocardial stretching, we propose in the present work the novel hypothesis of an autoimmune response in endurance athletes. This investigation may deepen the knowledge about the pathological remodeling and relative activated mechanisms induced by intense endurance exercise, potentially improving the early recognition of whom is actually at risk.
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