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Yoon JW, Kim SH, Lee JB, Han JS, Yang JH. A study on the fracture strength of collarless metal-ceramic fixed partial dentures. J Adv Prosthodont 2011; 2:134-41. [PMID: 21264192 PMCID: PMC3024503 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2010.2.4.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture strength of collarless metal-ceramic FPDs according to their metal coping designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four different facial margin design groups were investigated. Group A was a coping with a thin facial metal collar, group B was a collarless coping with its facial metal to the shoulder, group C was a collarless coping with its facial metal 1 mm short of the shoulder, and group D was a collarless coping with its facial metal 2 mm short of the shoulder. Fifteen 3-unit collarless metal-ceramic FPDs were fabricated in each group. Finished FPDs were cemented to PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) dies with resin cement. The fracture strength test was carried out using universal testing machine (Instron 4465, Instron Co., Norwood MA, USA) at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Aluminum foil folded to about 1 mm of thickness was inserted between the plunger tip and the incisal edge of the pontic. Vertical load was applied until catastrophic porcelain fracture occurred. RESULTS The greater the bulk of unsupported facial shoulder porcelain was, the lower the fracture strength became. However, there were no significant differences between experimental groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION All groups of collarless metal-ceramic FPDs had higher fracture strength than maximum incisive biting force. Modified collarless metal-ceramic FPD can be an alternative to all-ceramic FPDs in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Wook Yoon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Akyıl MŞ, Yılmaz A, Bayındır F, Duymuş ZY. Microtensile bond strength of resin cement to a feldspathic ceramic. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 29:197-203. [PMID: 21166587 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to a feldspathic ceramic after treating the surface with (a) hydrofluoric (HF) acid, (b) air abrasion, (c) Er:YAG laser irradiation, (d) Nd:YAG laser irradiation, and (e) HF acid etching after either air abrasion or laser irradiation. BACKGROUND DATA It is unknown whether the laser application or its combination with another treatment method can be used as a tool to roughen the surface of a feldspathic ceramic in order to increase the bond strength between the resin cement and ceramic surface. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty feldspathic ceramic blocks (Ceramco(TM)) were prepared and divided into eight equal groups (n = 5) according to the following surface treatments: no treatment; etching with 9.5% HF acid; air abrasion with 50 μm Al(2)O(3); Er:YAG laser irradiation; Nd:YAG laser irradiation; air abrasion plus acid etching; Er:YAG laser plus acid etching; and Nd:YAG laser plus acid etching. After surface treatment, a silane-coupling agent and resin cement (Panavia F(TM)) were applied to each block. After storing for 24 h at 37°C and thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C for 1000 cycles, the microtensile bond strength of each specimen was measured. RESULTS The highest bond strength was obtained from HF acid etching. HF acid etching after each laser irradiation significantly increased the bond strength (p < 0.05). However, HF acid etching after air abrasion decreased bond strength when compared to air abrasion alone. CONCLUSIONS HF acid etching is the most effective surface treatment method for a feldspathic ceramic. However, laser irradiation with either the Er:YAG or Nd:YAG laser is not an adequate method for improving the bond strength of Panavia F. The laser application should be combined with HF acid etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Şamil Akyıl
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Adhesion/cementation to zirconia and other non-silicate ceramics: where are we now? Dent Mater 2010; 27:71-82. [PMID: 21094526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-silicate ceramics, especially zirconia, have become a topic of great interest in the field of prosthetic and implant dentistry. A clinical problem with use of zirconia-based components is the difficulty in achieving suitable adhesion with intended synthetic substrates or natural tissues. Traditional adhesive techniques used with silica-based ceramics do not work effectively with zirconia. Currently, several technologies are being utilized clinically to address this problem, and other approaches are under investigation. Most focus on surface modification of the inert surfaces of high strength ceramics. The ability to chemically functionalize the surface of zirconia appears to be critical in achieving adhesive bonding. This review will focus on currently available approaches as well as new advanced technologies to address this problem.
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Ntala P, Chen X, Niggli J, Cattell M. Development and testing of multi-phase glazes for adhesive bonding to zirconia substrates. J Dent 2010; 38:773-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2010] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Meng XF, Yoshida K, Gu N. Chemical adhesion rather than mechanical retention enhances resin bond durability of a dental glass-ceramic with leucite crystallites. Biomed Mater 2010; 5:044101. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/5/4/044101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Akyıl MŞ, Yilmaz A, Karaalioğlu OF, Duymuş ZY. Shear Bond Strength of Repair Composite Resin to an Acid-Etched and a Laser-Irradiated Feldspathic Ceramic Surface. Photomed Laser Surg 2010; 28:539-45. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2009.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Şamil Akyıl
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Asude Yilmaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Osman F. Karaalioğlu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Y. Duymuş
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
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Takeuchi K, Fujishima A, Manabe A, Kuriyama S, Hotta Y, Tamaki Y, Miyazaki T. Combination treatment of tribochemical treatment and phosphoric acid ester monomer of zirconia ceramics enhances the bonding durability of resin-based luting cements. Dent Mater J 2010; 29:316-23. [PMID: 20484831 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2009-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bonding durability of resin-based luting cement to partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) achieved by combination treatment of tribochemical (TBC) treatment and two different phosphate acid ester monomers. Two phosphate acid ester monomers (EP: Epricord opaque primer, AZ: AZ primer) were applied to each surface modification followed by application of resin-based luting cement (Rely-X ARC). Bonding specimens were placed in deionized water at 37 degrees C and stored for 24 h. The other groups were subjected to 30,000 cycles of a thermal stress for the durability test. Shear bond tests were done using a universal testing machine at 1 mm/min. Shear bond strengths of combination treatments using EP and AZ on TBC treatment after thermal stress showed no significant difference (p>0.05) compared with those of storage after 24 h. Combination treatment using phosphoric acid ester monomer could achieve a durable bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Oral Biomaterials and Technology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Mair L, Padipatvuthikul P. Variables related to materials and preparing for bond strength testing irrespective of the test protocol. Dent Mater 2010; 26:e17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Madina MMA, Ozcan M, Badawi MF. Effect of surface conditioning and taper angle on the retention of IPS e.max Press crowns. J Prosthodont 2009; 19:200-4. [PMID: 20040034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2009.00547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the retentive strength of single-unit crowns with 10 degrees and 26 degrees taper angles cemented using two surface conditioning methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two freshly extracted sound human molars were divided into two groups (n = 16) and prepared in a standardized manner with 10 degrees and 26 degrees taper angles. All-ceramic (IPS e.max Press) single crowns were fabricated for the prepared teeth. The crowns were then subdivided into two groups (n = 8), according to type of surface conditioning for the intaglio surfaces. Half the groups were HF acid etched and silanized, and the other half were conditioned with tribochemical silica coating and silanization. The crowns were cemented using adhesive cement (Panavia F 2.0). Retentive strength was measured in a universal testing machine. RESULTS No significant difference was found between the mean retention forces for both 10 degrees and 26 degrees taper angles when the crowns were conditioned either with silica coating (613 +/- 190 N and 525 +/- 90 N, respectively), or with hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching and silanization (550 +/- 110 N and 490 +/- 130 N for 10 degrees and 26 degrees, respectively) (p= 0.32). CONCLUSION Neither the surface conditioning type, nor the taper angle affected the retentive strength of IPS e.max Press single-unit crowns when cemented adhesively. Since silica coating and silanization did not show significant differences from HF acid gel and silanization, the former can be preferred for conditioning intaglio surfaces of glass ceramic crowns to avoid the use of the hazardous compound HF acid gel chairside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M A Madina
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Mansoura University, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abu Alhaija ESJ, Abu AlReesh IA, AlWahadni AMS. Factors affecting the shear bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to different ceramic surfaces. Eur J Orthod 2009; 32:274-80. [PMID: 19903729 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjp098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to two different all-ceramic crowns, IPS Empress 2 and In-Ceram Alumina, to compare the SBS between hydrofluoric acid (HFA), phosphoric acid etched, and sandblasted, non-etched all-ceramic surfaces. Ninety-six all-ceramic crowns were fabricated resembling a maxillary left first premolar. The crowns were divided into eight groups: (1) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted 9.6 per cent HFA-etched IPS Empress 2 crowns; (2) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted 9.6 per cent HFA-etched In-Ceram crowns; (3) ceramic brackets bonded to sandblasted 9.6 per cent HFA-etched IPS Empress 2 crowns; (4) ceramic brackets bonded to sandblasted 9.6 per cent HFA-etched In-Ceram crowns; (5) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted 37 per cent phosphoric acid-etched IPS Empress 2 crowns; (6) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted 37 per cent phosphoric acid-etched In-Ceram crowns; (7) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted, non-etched IPS Empress 2 crowns; and (8) metal brackets bonded to sandblasted, non-etched In-Ceram crowns. Metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets were bonded using a conventional light polymerizing adhesive resin. An Instron universal testing machine was used to determine the SBS at a crosshead speed of 0.1 mm/minute. Comparison between groups was performed using a univariate general linear model and chi-squared tests. The highest mean SBS was found in group 3 (120.15 +/- 45.05 N) and the lowest in group 8 (57.86 +/- 26.20 N). Of all the variables studied, surface treatment was the only factor that significantly affected SBS (P < 0.001). Acid etch application to sandblasted surfaces significantly increased the SBS in groups 1, 2, 5, and 6. The SBS of metal brackets debonded from groups 1, 3, and 5 were not significantly different from those of groups 2, 4, and 6. All debonded metal brackets revealed a similar pattern of bond failure at the adhesive-restorative interface. However, ceramic brackets had a significantly different adhesive failure pattern with dominant failure at the adhesive-bracket interface. Ceramic fractures after bracket removal were found more often in groups 1-4. No significant difference in ceramic fracture was observed between the IPS Empress 2 and In-Ceram groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham S J Abu Alhaija
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
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Filho AM, Vieira LCC, Araújo E, Monteiro Júnior S. Effect of Different Ceramic Surface Treatments on Resin Microtensile Bond Strength. J Prosthodont 2009; 13:28-35. [PMID: 15032893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2004.04007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the microtensile bond strength (micro-tbs) of composite bonded to hot-pressed ceramic. The null hypothesis tested was that neither of the surface treatments (silanization or fluoric acid etching) would produce greater bond strength of composite resin to the ceramic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four 7 x 7 x 5 mm hot-pressed ceramic blocks of IPS Empress 2 were fabricated and polished to 600 grit followed by sandblasting with 50 microm alumina. The ceramic blocks were then divided into four groups and submitted to the following surface treatments: Group 1: 9.5% hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 20 seconds and silane (S) for 3 minutes; Group 2: silane for 3 minutes; Group 3: 9.5% HF acid for 20 seconds; Group 4: no treatment. Scotchbond adhesive was applied to the treated ceramic surfaces and covered with Filtek Z250 composite resin. The composite-ceramic blocks were cut with an Isomet low speed diamond saw machine producing sticks (n = 25), which were loaded to failure under tension in an Instron Universal testing machine. The mean micro-tbs was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni "t" test. RESULTS All specimens of Group 4 experienced adhesive failure during the cutting of the block and were eliminated. The mean micro-tbs and standard deviations (SD) in megaPascals were: Group 1 = 56.8 (+/-10.4), Group 2 = 44.8 (+/-11.6), Group 3 = 35.1 (+/-7.7). Statistical analysis showed that the bond strength was significantly affected by surface treatment (p < 0.0001). Group 1 (HF + S) had the highest micro-tbs, and Group 2 (S) had higher micro-tbs than Group 3 (HF). The mode of fracture of the specimens was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and all fractures occurred within the adhesion zone. CONCLUSION The results show that surface treatment is important for resin adhesion to ceramic and suggestthat silane treatment was the main factor responsible for resin bonding to ceramic.
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Piascik JR, Swift EJ, Thompson JY, Grego S, Stoner BR. Surface modification for enhanced silanation of zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater 2009; 25:1116-21. [PMID: 19376572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The overall goal of this research was to develop a practical method to chemically modify the surface of high strength dental ceramics (i.e. zirconia) to facilitate viable, robust adhesive bonding using commercially available silanes and resin cements. METHODS Investigation focused on a novel approach to surface functionalize zirconia with a Si(x)O(y) "seed" layer that would promote chemical bonding with traditional silanes. ProCAD and ZirCAD blocks were bonded to a dimensionally similar composite block using standard techniques designed for silica-containing materials (silane and resin cement). ZirCAD blocks were treated with SiCl4 by vapor deposition under two different conditions prior to bonding. Microtensile bars were prepared and subjected to tensile forces at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze fracture surfaces and determine failure mode; either composite cohesive failure (partial or complete cohesive failure within composite) or adhesive failure (partial or complete adhesive failure). RESULTS Peak stress values were analyzed using single-factor ANOVA (p<0.05). Microtensile testing results revealed that zirconia with a surface treatment of 2.6 nm Si(x)O(y) thick "seed" layer was similar in strength to the porcelain group (control). Analysis of failure modes indicated the above groups displayed higher percentages of in-composite failures. Other groups tested had lower strength values and displayed adhesive failure characteristics. CONCLUSION Mechanical data support that utilizing a gas-phase chloro-silane pretreatment to deposit ultra-thin silica-like seed layers can improve adhesion to zirconia using traditional silanation and bonding techniques. This technology could have clinical impact on how high strength dental materials are used today.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Piascik
- RTI International, Center for Materials and Electronic Technologies, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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Cattell MJ, Chadwick TC, Knowles JC, Clarke RL. The development and testing of glaze materials for application to the fit surface of dental ceramic restorations. Dent Mater 2009; 25:431-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Çökeliler D, Erkut S, Shard AG, Akdoğan E, Özden N, İmirzalıoğlu P, Mutlu M. A novel approach for improvement of the interfacial binding of ceramics for dental materials: Chemical treatment and oxygen plasma etching. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Panah FG, Rezai SMM, Ahmadian L. The influence of ceramic surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin to IPS Empress 2. J Prosthodont 2008; 17:409-14. [PMID: 18717831 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2007.00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An increasing demand for esthetic restorations has resulted in the development of new ceramic systems, but fracture of veneering ceramics still remains the primary cause of failure. Porcelain repair frequently involves replacement with composite resin, but the bond strength between composite resin and all-ceramic coping materials has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different ceramic surface treatments on the micro-shear bond strength of composite resin to IPS Empress 2 coping material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen 7 x 7 x 1 mm(3) lithia disilicate-based core ceramic plates were fabricated using the lost wax technique. The plates were divided into eight groups, and eight different surface treatments were performed: (1) no treatment (NT); (2) airborne-particle abrasion with 50-mum alumina particles (Al); (3) acid etching with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 1 min (HF); (4) silane coating (S); (5) AlHF; (6) AlS; (7) HFS; and (8) AlHFS. Then, ten composite resin cylinders (0.8-mm diameter x 0.5-mm height) were light-polymerized onto the ceramic plates in each group. Each specimen was subjected to a shear load at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture occurred. The fracture sites were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine the location of failure during debonding and to examine the surface treatment effects. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison (Dunnet T3) tests were used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS The mean micro-shear bond strength values (SD) in MPa were--NT: 4.10 (3.06), Al: 7.56 (4.11), HF: 14.04 (2.60), S: 14.58 (2.14), AlHF: 15.56 (3.36), AlS: 23.02 (4.17), HFS: 24.7 (4.43), AlHFS: 26.0 (3.71). ANOVA indicated the influence of surface treatment was significant (p < 0.0001). SEM analysis did not reveal entirely cohesive failure in any composite or ceramic. CONCLUSION The micro-shear bond strength of a composite resin to IPS Empress 2 was significantly different depending on the surface treatment method. Among the investigated methods, silane coating after airborne-particle abrasion and etching was the most effective surface treatment in terms of bond strength increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faride Gerami Panah
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaiyabutr Y, McGowan S, Phillips KM, Kois JC, Giordano RA. The effect of hydrofluoric acid surface treatment and bond strength of a zirconia veneering ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 100:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(08)60178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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69
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Lu YC, Tseng H, Shih YH, Lee SY. Effects of surface treatments on bond strength of glass-infiltrated ceramic. J Oral Rehabil 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2001.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Holderegger C, Sailer I, Schuhmacher C, Schläpfer R, Hämmerle C, Fischer J. Shear bond strength of resin cements to human dentin. Dent Mater 2008; 24:944-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bozogullari N, Inan O, Usumez A. Bond strength of adhesively luted ceramic discs to different core materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 89:466-71. [PMID: 18431756 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the shear bond strengths of resin, glass-ionomer, and ceramic-based core materials to all ceramic discs. Five core materials (Core max, Sankin; Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray; Empress Cosmo, Ivoclar-Vivadent; Photocore, Kuraray; Dyract Extra, Dentsply) were prepared as discs 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height according to the manufacturer's instructions. Ten disc specimens per group were prepared, and dentin served as the control. All resin specimens were embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin, with one surface facing up. All ceramic discs (IPS Empress I, Ivoclar-Vivadent) 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were prepared and bonded to core specimens with a dual-curing luting resin cement (Variolink II, Vivadent). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C. Shear bond strength of each sample was measured after 24 h using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD tests (alpha = 0.05). Shear bond strength varied significantly depending on the core material used (p < 0.05). Clearfil AP-X and Photocore showed the highest shear bond strength value while Empress Cosmo provided the lowest (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among Clearfil AP-X, Photocore, and Core-Max (p > 0.05). And also there were no statistically significant differences between Dyract Extra and the control group (p > 0.05). In vitro shear bond strengths of ceramic discs bonded to resin-based core materials showed higher bond strength values than ceramic-based core material.
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Kukiattrakoon B, Thammasitboon K. The effect of different etching times of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel on the shear bond strength of high-leucite ceramics bonded to composite resin. J Prosthet Dent 2007; 98:17-23. [PMID: 17631170 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(07)60033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A 10-minute treatment with acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel has been used as an alternative in ceramic surface etching before repairing with composite resin. However, the optimal etching time for APF gel is still unknown. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro shear bond strengths of composite resin on high-leucite ceramics after APF gel treatment over different time periods. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty high-leucite ceramic (Empress 1) specimens (12 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick) were prepared and divided into 12 groups (n=10). Ten experimental groups were surface treated with 1.23% APF gel, each group receiving 1 to 10 minutes of etching time in 1 minute increments. One group was treated with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 4 minutes and the final group received no treatment and served as a control. The surface condition of the treated specimens was analyzed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). All specimens received a silane application and were bonded to a composite resin Filtek (Z250) cylinder with an adhesive system (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus adhesive) and then stored in 100% humidity at 37 degrees C for 24 hours before shear bond strength testing in a universal testing machine. Mean bond strengths (MPa) were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05). RESULTS Hydrofluoric acid etching produced the highest mean shear bond strength (SD) between composite resin and the ceramic (17.64 (1.48) MPa). Overall, APF gel etching produced lower bond strengths. No significant difference in mean bond strength (SD) was observed between etching with hydrofluoric acid and etching with APF gel for 7 to 10 minutes (15.21 (1.93) to 17.33 (1.43)). The lowest mean shear bond strengths (SD) were recorded in the untreated group (7.61 (1.03) MPa) (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, shear bond strength values between composite resin and high-leucite ceramics after etching with 1.23% APF gel for 7 to 10 minutes were not significantly different than that after etching with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 4 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boonlert Kukiattrakoon
- Division of Crown and Bridge, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
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Peumans M, Hikita K, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Bond Durability of Composite Luting Agents to Ceramic When Exposed to Long-term Thermocycling. Oper Dent 2007; 32:372-9. [PMID: 17695610 DOI: 10.2341/06-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Depending on the ceramic surface treatment and chemical composition of the luting cement, there is a varying degree of bonding effectiveness of resin composite cements to CAD-CAM ceramic after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peumans
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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74
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Jung YH, Park JK, Hyun SH, Seol HJ, Kim HI, Kwon YH. Effect of acetic NaF solutions on fluoride-containing dental restorative materials. Dent Mater J 2007; 26:68-77. [PMID: 17410895 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.26.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acetic NaF solutions on fluoride-containing restorative materials. As the pH value of solution decreased, the degree of microhardness change in restorative materials increased- regardless of product. Dyract AP (DA) and F2000 (F2) (polyacid-modified resin composites) showed the greatest decrease in microhardness after immersion for three days. Similarly, as the pH value decreased, volumetric weight change (loss) increased in all products. DA and F2 showed the greatest--but similar-weight change in pH 3.5 solution among the products. In terms of color change, most specimens showed a slight color change after immersion for one and three days-regardless of pH value. However, F2 in pH 3.5 solution showed a noticeable color change (deltaE*=2.1). In terms of surface morphology, specimens in distilled water showed only minor surface modification. However, in pH 3.5 solution, DA and F2 showed randomly propagating cracks, while Solitaire 2 and Tetric Ceram (resin composites) lost many fillers less than 2 microm in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hoa Jung
- Medical Research Institute and College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
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75
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Nagayassu MP, Shintome LK, Uemura ES, Araújo JEJD. Effect of surface treatment on the shear bond strength of a resin-based cement to porcelain. Braz Dent J 2007; 17:290-5. [PMID: 17262141 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-64402006000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the shear bond strength of a resin-based cement to porcelain. Sixty pairs of 50% aluminous porcelain discs were fabricated. In each pair, one disc measured 6 mm in diameter X 3 mm thickness (A) and the other measured 3 mm in diameter X 3mm thickness (B). The specimens were randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10 pairs of discs), according to the surface treatment: etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 2 or 4 min (G1 and G2); 50-microm particle aluminum oxide sandblasting for 5 s (G3); sandblasting followed by etching for 2 or 4 min (G4 and G5) and control--no treatment (G6). A silane agent was applied to the treated surface of both discs of each pair. Bistite II DC dual-cure resin cement was applied and the B discs were bonded to their respective A discs. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 h and were tested in shear strength at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. Means in MPa were: G1: 14.21 +/- 4.68; G2: 8.92 +/- 3.02; G3: 10.04 +/- 2.37; G4: 12.74 +/- 5.15; G5: 10.99 +/- 3.35; G6: 6.09 +/- 1.84. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. Bond strength recorded after 2-min acid etching was significantly higher than 4-min etching (p<0.05) and control (p<0.05), but did not differ significantly from sandblasting alone (p>0.05) or followed by etching for 2 or 4 min (p>0.05). Within the limitations of an in vitro study, it may be concluded that 2-min hydrofluoric acid etching produced a favorable micromechanical retention that enhanced resin cement bond strength to porcelain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Paulo Nagayassu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campos, São Paulo State University, Rua Alexandre de Melo e Faro, 09406-160 Ribeirão Pires, SP, Brazil.
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76
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Addison O, Marquis PM, Fleming GJP. The impact of hydrofluoric acid surface treatments on the performance of a porcelain laminate restorative material. Dent Mater 2007; 23:461-8. [PMID: 16620948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2005] [Revised: 02/23/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hydrofluoric (HF) acid etching increases the bond strength between composite resin and porcelain surfaces and has been advocated as a pre-cementation technique for ceramic restorations. The internal surface flaw distribution which is implicated in the premature failure of ceramic restorations is modified by the etching process and little agreement exists amongst researchers as to the appropriate etching regime. The purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of HF acid concentration and etching time on the performance of a low fusing feldspathic porcelain. METHODS Sets of 30 Vitadur-Alpha dentin porcelain discs (15 mm diameter, 0.9 mm thickness) were etched with HF acid of three different concentrations (5, 10 and 20%) and for three different etching periods (45, 90 and 180s). Mean flexure strengths, standard deviations and the associated Weibull moduli (m) and characteristic stress (sigma(0)) were determined using bi-axial flexure (ball on ring). Contact profilometry was utilised to characterise the roughness of the etched porcelain surfaces. RESULTS A univariate general linear analysis of means revealed a significant reduction in the mean strength values of the as-fired control compared with groups subjected to HF acid etching. Further significance (P<0.05) was discovered with the impact of acid concentration. Altering etching time also resulted in changes in the reliability of the fracture strength data. Contact profilometry demonstrated an increase in surface roughness following HF acid etching and an increase in roughness associated with increasing HF concentration. CONCLUSIONS Etching of feldspathic porcelain is a dynamic process and the impact is dependent on substrate constitution, surface topography, acid concentration and etching time. A significant reduction of the flexural strength of a low fusing feldspathic porcelain has been demonstrated to result from etching and clear evidence exists that the nature of surface flaw modification is a function of etching time and HF acid concentration. Favourable combinations of HF acid concentration and etching time have been identified which enhance the reliability of the porcelain utilised although variability in clinical technique will result in the reduced reliability of porcelain laminate restorations in function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Addison
- Biomaterials Unit, University of Birmingham, School of Dentistry, St. Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
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77
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Tsuo Y, Yoshida K, Atsuta M. Effects of alumina-blasting and adhesive primers on bonding between resin luting agent and zirconia ceramics. Dent Mater J 2007; 25:669-74. [PMID: 17338299 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.25.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of alumina-blasting and three commercial adhesive primers on the shear bond strength of a dual-cured resin luting agent to zirconia ceramics. Two different-sized zirconia ceramic specimens were treated with or without alumina-blasting and then treated with one of three adhesive primers. Subsequently, specimens were cemented together with Linkmax HV (GC). Half of the specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and the other half thermocycled 10,000 times before shear bond strength testing. For groups treated with either alumina-blasting or primer, shear bond strength significantly decreased after thermal cycling. For groups treated with both alumina-blasting and one of the three primers, there were no significant differences in shear bond strength before and after thermal cycling (p<0.05). It was thus concluded that the application of each of the three adhesive primers following alumina-blasting was effective for strong bonding of resin luting agent to zirconia ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tsuo
- Division of Applied Prosthodontics, Nagasaki University, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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78
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Brentel AS, Ozcan M, Valandro LF, Alarça LG, Amaral R, Bottino MA. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to feldpathic ceramic after different etching and silanization regimens in dry and aged conditions. Dent Mater 2006; 23:1323-31. [PMID: 17188745 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the durability of bond strength between resin cement and a feldspathic ceramic submitted to different etching regimens with and without silane coupling agent application. METHODS Thirty-two blocks (6.4 mm x 6.4 mm x 4.8 mm) were fabricated using a microparticulate feldspathic ceramic (Vita VM7), ultrasonically cleaned with water for 5 min and randomly divided into four groups, according to the type of etching agent and silanization method: method 1, etching with 10% hydrofluoric (HF) acid gel for 1 min + silanization; method 2, HF only; method 3, etching with 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) for 5 min + silanization; method 4, APF only. Conditioned blocks were positioned in their individual silicone molds and resin cement (Panavia F) was applied on the treated surfaces. Specimens were stored in distilled water (37 degrees C) for 24h prior to sectioning. After sectioning the ceramic-cement blocks in x- and y-axis with a bonded area of approximately 0.6mm(2), the microsticks of each block were randomly divided into two storage conditions: Dry, immediate testing; TC, thermal cycling (12,000 times)+water storage for 150 d, yielding to eight experimental groups. Microtensile bond strength tests were performed in universal testing machine (cross-head speed: 1mm/min) and failure types were noted. Data obtained (MPa) were analyzed with three-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha=0.05). RESULTS Significant influence of the use of silane (p<0.0001), storage conditions (p=0.0013) and surface treatment were observed (p=0.0014). The highest bond strengths were achieved in both dry and thermocycled conditions when the ceramics were etched with HF acid gel and silanized (17.4 +/- 5.8 and 17.4 +/- 4.8 MPa, respectively). Silanization after HF acid gel and APF treatment increased the results dramatically (14.5+/-4.2-17.4+/-4.8 MPa) compared to non-silanized groups (2.6 +/- 0.8-8.9 +/- 3.1 MPa) where the failure type was exclusively (100%) adhesive between the cement and the ceramic. SIGNIFICANCE Silanization of the feldspathic ceramic surface after APF or HF acid etching increased the microtensile bond strength results significantly, with the latter providing higher results. Long-term thermocycling and water storage did not decrease the results in silanized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Scalone Brentel
- São Paulo State University, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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79
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Peumans M, Hikita K, De Munck J, Van Landuyt K, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Van Meerbeek B. Effects of ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength of an adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. J Dent 2006; 35:282-8. [PMID: 17092625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the micro-tensile bond strength (microTBS) of an adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. The hypothesis tested was that neither of the surface treatments would produce higher bond strength of the adhesive luting agent to CAD-CAM ceramic. METHODS Ceramic specimens of two different sizes (6 mm x 8 mm x 3 mm; 13 mm x 8 mm x 4 mm) were fabricated from ProCAD ceramic blocs (Ivoclar-Vivadent) with a low-speed diamond saw. The ceramic blocks were divided into seven groups and submitted to the following surface treatments: group 1: no treatment; group 2: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4); group 3: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4)+silane; group 4: etching with 37% H(3)PO(4)+silane+adhesive resin; group 5: etching with 4.9% HF acid; group 6: etching with 4.9% HF acid+silane; group 7: etching with HF acid+silane+adhesive resin. After surface treatment, two differently sized porcelain disks were bonded together with a composite luting agent (Variolink II, Ivoclar-Vivadent). The specimens were stored for 24h in distilled water at 37 degrees C prior to microTBS testing. One-way analysis of variance was used to test the influence of surface treatment and Scheffe multiple comparisons test determined pair-wise statistical differences (p<0.05) in microTBS between the experimental groups. RESULTS The mean microTBSs (standard deviation) are: group 1: 12.8 (+/-4.6)MPa; group 2: 19.1 (+/-5.0)MPa; group 3: 27.4 (+/-11.1)MPa; group 4: 34.0 (+/-8.9)MPa; group 5: 37.6 (+/-8.4) MPa; group 6: 34.6 (+/-12.8)MPa; group 7: 34.5 (+/-5.1)MPa. Statistical significant differences were found between group 1 and groups 3-7, and between group 2 and groups 4-7. All specimens of groups 1-4 exhibited adhesive failures, while a combination of adhesive and mixed (adhesive and cohesive) failures was observed in the specimens of groups 5-7. CONCLUSIONS The results show that surface treatment is important to bond to ceramic and suggests that etching is needed preferably with hydrofluoric acid than with phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peumans
- Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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80
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Ozcan M, van der Sleen JM, Kurunmäki H, Vallittu PK. Comparison of Repair Methods for Ceramic-Fused-to-Metal Crowns. J Prosthodont 2006; 15:283-8. [PMID: 16958728 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-849x.2006.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of four repair methods on the fracture load of repaired ceramic-fused-to-metal crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS Metal-ceramic crowns were fractured, and the failure load was measured. The fractured metal-ceramic crowns (n = 9) were assigned randomly to the following treatment groups: (1) hydrofluoric acid (9.5%) etching, (2) air-particle abrasion (50 microm Al(2)O(3)), (3) silica coating (30 microm SiO(x)), and (4) the application of a layer of glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) (thickness: 0.12 mm) on the repair surface. The crowns were repaired with a highly filled resin composite and subjected to 3 repair cycles (n = 27). All specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours and then thermocycled (6000 cycles, 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C). The fracture load values for final failure of intact and repaired crowns were measured with a universal testing machine, and failure types were recorded. RESULTS No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the final failure values for the groups treated with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid (376 N) and airborne particle abrasion with either Al(2)O(3) (432 N) or SiO(x) (582 N) followed by silanization, respectively. Significantly, higher (p < 0.0001) final failure values (885 N) were obtained with the use of the FRC layer when compared with the other repaired groups. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the final fracture load of intact crowns (872 N) and those repaired with FRC (885 N) (One-way ANOVA with repeated measures, Bonferroni test). No significant difference in fracture loads was found between the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd repair cycles (558 N, 433 N, 485 N, respectively). Failure sites were predominantly at the alloy/veneering resin interface in Group 1; Groups 2 and 3 both showed more cohesive failures than Group 1. In the case of FRC, the failure pattern was exclusively cohesive between the two laminates of FRC layer. CONCLUSIONS The conditioning methods (Groups 1 to 3) of the repair surfaces did not show differences between each other; each resulted in mean fracture loads at lower levels than that of the intact crowns. Addition of an FRC layer increased the fracture load to the level of intact crowns. This suggests that the use of FRC in repairs of metal-ceramic crowns might be a viable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Ozcan
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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81
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Heymann HO. The Carolina Bridge: A Novel Interim All-Porcelain Bonded Prosthesis. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2006; 18:81-92; discussion 92. [PMID: 16519872 DOI: 10.2310/6130.2006.00014_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Numerous bonded bridge designs have been advocated over the years for the temporary or permanent replacement of missing teeth. Both metal and all-porcelain designs of bonded bridges have been advocated, with varying degrees of success. However, all of these designs involve some degree of tooth preparation, making them irreversible in nature. The Carolina bridge, a novel all-porcelain bonded pontic, requires no significant tooth preparation, making it an outstanding option as an interim prosthesis. The key to success is the availability of adequate surface area interproximally to ensure optimally strong resin composite connectors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This article describes the indications, contraindications, and clinical technique for the placement of an ultraconservative all-porcelain bonded bridge for the interim replacement of single incisors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald O Heymann
- Department of Operative Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA.
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82
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Barghi N, Fischer DE, Vatani L. EFFECTS OF PORCELAIN LEUCITE CONTENT, TYPES OF ETCHANTS, AND ETCHING TIME ON PORCELAIN-COMPOSITE BOND. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2006; 18:47-52; discussion 53. [PMID: 16426511 DOI: 10.2310/6130.2006.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Barghi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78284-7890, USA.
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83
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Amaral R, Ozcan M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to glass infiltrated zirconia-reinforced ceramic: The effect of surface conditioning. Dent Mater 2006; 22:283-90. [PMID: 16039705 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2005.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of three surface conditioning methods on the microtensile bond strength of resin cement to a glass-infiltrated zirconia-reinforced alumina-based core ceramic. METHODS Thirty blocks (5 x 5 x 4 mm) of In-Ceram Zirconia ceramics (In-Ceram Zirconia-INC-ZR, VITA) were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions and duplicated in resin composite. The specimens were polished and assigned to one of the following three treatment conditions (n=10): (1) Airborne particle abrasion with 110 microm Al(2)O(3) particles + silanization, (2) Silica coating with 110 microm SiO(x) particles (Rocatec Pre and Plus, 3M ESPE) + silanization, (3) Silica coating with 30 microm SiO(x) particles (CoJet, 3M ESPE) + silanization. The ceramic-composite blocks were cemented with the resin cement (Panavia F) and stored at 37 degrees C in distilled water for 7 days prior to bond tests. The blocks were cut under coolant water to produce bar specimens with a bonding area of approximately 0.6mm(2). The bond strength tests were performed in a universal testing machine (cross-head speed: 1mm/min). The mean bond strengths of the specimens of each block were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (alpha<or=0.05). RESULTS Silica coating with silanization either using 110 microm SiO(x) or 30 microm SiO(x) particles increased the bond strength of the resin cement (24.6+/-2.7 MPa and 26.7+/-2.4 MPa, respectively) to the zirconia-based ceramic significantly compared to that of airborne particle abrasion with 110-microm Al(2)O(3) (20.5+/-3.8 MPa) (ANOVA, P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Conditioning the INC-ZR ceramic surfaces with silica coating and silanization using either chairside or laboratory devices provided higher bond strengths of the resin cement than with airborne particle abrasion using 110 microm Al(2)O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Amaral
- São Paulo State University, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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84
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Xible AA, de Jesus Tavarez RR, de Araujo CDRP, Bonachela WC. Effect of silica coating and silanization on flexural and composite-resin bond strengths of zirconia posts: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2006; 95:224-9. [PMID: 16543020 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The bond strength of composite resin cores to the smooth surface of prefabricated zirconia-based ceramic posts is problematic because it might not be sufficient to ensure stability of the post-and-core system. It is also not clear whether any alteration of the post surface to provide additional mechanical or chemical retention would compromise flexural strength of the posts. PURPOSE This study tested the effect of a tribochemical treatment on the bond strength (BS) between zirconia-based ceramic posts and composite resin and on the flexural strength (FS) of the posts. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the BS test, 2 groups of specimens (n = 10) were prepared as follows: In the experimental (E) group, zirconia-based ceramic posts (Cosmopost), 21 mm long and 1.7 mm in diameter, were treated with a tribochemical silica coating and silanization system (Rocatec). For the control (C) group, zirconia-based ceramic posts were used as supplied by the manufacturer. For the 2 groups, posts were centered and vertically positioned in a metal mold, and composite resin (Tetric Ceram) was polymerized around the posts to form rings (6 mm diameter x 4 mm height). All specimens were positioned in a universal testing machine, and a load was applied axially on the protruding heads of posts in a shear push-out mode test until bond failure (MPa). Fracture mode was assessed as cohesive, cohesive/adhesive, or adhesive. Following this, the FS of the posts was measured in MPa using a 3-point bending test. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed using the Student t test for both tests (alpha = .01). RESULTS Mean fracture load values +/- SDs for the BS test were 28.1 +/- 2.3 MPa and 8.9 +/- 3.97 MPa for the E and C groups, respectively. The mean FS values were 1544.9 +/- 214.1 MPa and 844.8 +/- 50.8 MPa for the E and C groups, respectively. The tribochemically treated posts exhibited significantly higher values for both bond strength to composite resin and resistance to fracture when compared to posts in the control group (P < .001). Fracture analysis showed 100% cohesive/adhesive fractures for group E specimens and 100% adhesive fractures for group C specimens. CONCLUSIONS The use of a tribochemical silica coating process and silanization on zirconia-based ceramic posts increased both the bond strength to composite resin as well as the fracture strength of posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuar Antonio Xible
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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85
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Vano M, Goracci C, Monticelli F, Tognini F, Gabriele M, Tay FR, Ferrari M. The adhesion between fibre posts and composite resin cores: the evaluation of microtensile bond strength following various surface chemical treatments to posts. Int Endod J 2006; 39:31-9. [PMID: 16409326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2005.01044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of various surface treatments to fibre posts on the microtensile bond strength with different composite resins. METHODOLOGY A total of 110 fibre posts were randomly divided into five groups, according to the surface pre-treatment performed. Group 1: immersion in 24% H(2)O(2) for 10 min and silanization for 60 s; group 2: immersion in 10% H(2)O(2) for 20 min and silanization for 60 s; group 3: immersion in 4% hydrofluoric acid gel for 60 s and silanization for 60 s; group 4: silanization of the post surface for 60 s and application of the bonding agent G-Bond; group 5: silanization of the post surface for 60 s (control group). After treatment, two posts were randomly selected from each group to evaluate the morphological aspect of the post surface with scanning electron microscopy. The remaining posts in each group were divided into five subgroups of five posts each, which differed in the type of composite resin used for the core build-up. Post-core strength were calculated and the differences among experimental groups were analysed with two-way anova and the Tukey test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS The post-core strengths achieved in groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher (P < 0.05), than those of groups 3, 4 and 5. The post-core strength in the control group was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than all other groups. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen peroxide and hydrofluoric acid both modified the surface morphology of fibre posts and with silane, significantly enhanced the interfacial strength between them and core materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vano
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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86
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Galiatsatos AA. An indirect repair technique for fractured metal-ceramic restorations: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2005; 93:321-3. [PMID: 15798681 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal-ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures have the potential for fracture of the ceramic veneer. Fractured porcelain poses a serious cosmetic and clinical problem. It may be desirable to repair a broken retainer of a fixed prosthesis rather than to remove the prosthesis and risk the possibility of destroying the entire restoration or damaging the abutment teeth. This article presents an indirect method that may be used to repair metal-ceramic restorations that are otherwise clinically and radiographically acceptable. With this technique, a new metal-ceramic crown is fabricated and is cemented on the prepared fractured retainer of the prosthesis.
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87
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Galiatsatos AA. An indirect repair technique for fractured metal-ceramic restorations: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2005. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Andreatta Filho OD, Araújo MAJD, Bottino MA, Nishioka RS, Menezes MM. Study of thermocycling effect on the bond strength between an aluminous ceramic and a resin cement. J Appl Oral Sci 2005; 13:53-7. [DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572005000100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of thermocycling on the bond strength between Procera AllCeram (Nobel-Biocare) and a resin cement (Panavia F, Kuraray CO). Nine ceramic blocks with dimensions of 5x6x6mm were conditioned at one face with Rocatec System (Espe). After, they were luted with Panavia F to composite resin blocks (Clearfil AP-X, Kuraray CO). The nine groups formed by ceramic, cement and composite resin were split up obtaining 75 samples with dimensions of 12x1x1mm and adhesive surface presenting 1mm²±0.1mm² of area. The samples were divided into 3 groups (n=25): G1 - 14 days in distilled water at 37ºC; G2 - 6,000 cycles in water (5ºC - 55ºC - 30s); G3 - 12,000 cycles in water (5ºC - 55ºC - 30s). The samples were tested in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The results indicated that mean values of rupture tension (MPa) of G1 (10.71 ± 3.54) did not differ statistically (p <5%) from G2 (9.01 ± 3.90), however there was statistical difference between G1 and G3 (7.28 ± 3.00). It was concluded that thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength values when samples were submitted to 12,000 cycles.
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89
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Piwowarczyk A, Lauer HC, Sorensen JA. In vitro shear bond strength of cementing agents to fixed prosthodontic restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92:265-73. [PMID: 15343162 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2004.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Durable bonding to fixed prosthodontic restorations is desirable; however, little information is available on the strength of the bond between different cements and fixed prosthodontic restorative materials. PURPOSE This study determined the shear-bond strength of cementing agents to high-gold-content alloy castings and different dental ceramics: high-strength aluminum oxide (Procera AllCeram), leucite-reinforced (IPS Empress), and lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS Empress 2). MATERIAL AND METHODS Prepolymerized resin composite cylinders (5.5 mm internal diameter, n=20) were bonded to the pretreated surfaces of prosthodontic materials. High-gold-content alloy and high-strength aluminum oxide surfaces were airborne-particle-abraded, and pressable ceramics were hydrofluoric acid-etched and silanized prior to cementing. The cementing agents tested were a zinc-phosphate cement (Fleck's zinc cement), glass ionomer cements (Fuji I, Ketac-Cem), resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Fuji Plus, Fuji Cem, RelyX Luting), resin cements (RelyX ARC, Panavia F, Variolink II, Compolute), and a self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem). Half the specimens (n=10) were tested after 30 minutes; the other half (n=10) were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 14 days and then thermal cycled 1000 times between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C prior to testing. Shear-bond strength tests were performed using a universal testing machine at a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis was performed by multifactorial analysis of variance taking interactions between effects into account. For multiple paired comparisons, the Tukey method was used (alpha=.05). RESULTS In a 3-way ANOVA model, the main factors substrate, cement, time, and all corresponding interactions were statistically significant (all P <.0001). In subsequent separate 1-way or 2-way ANOVA models for each substrate type, significant differences between cement types and polymerizing modes were found (all P <.001). None of the cement types provided the highest bonding values with all substrate types. CONCLUSION After 14 days of water storage followed by thermal cycling, only the self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX Unicem) and 2 of the resin cements (Panavia F and Compolute) exhibited strong bond strengths to specific prosthodontic materials. In contrast, zinc-phosphate, glass ionomer, and resin-modified glass ionomer cements showed the lowest values of all tested cementing agents after 14 days of water storage followed by thermal cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Piwowarczyk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
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90
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Excellent esthetic quality is one of the major advantages of all-ceramic restorations; however, catastrophic fracture of such restorations is still a disadvantage. Ceramic bonding systems using ceramic primers without the use of hydrofluoric acid have been introduced, but data about the efficiency of these systems are lacking. PURPOSE This study investigated the influence of 2 bonding procedures on the fracture resistance of low-fusing ceramic and computer aided design-computer aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) all-ceramic crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-two standardized all-ceramic crowns were fabricated on human maxillary premolars. Seven unprepared maxillary premolars were used as control. Three all-ceramic crown systems were used: 1 low-fusing ceramic (Duceram) and 2 machineable ceramics (Vita Mark II and ProCAD) using the Cerec 3 CAD-CAM system. The intaglio surfaces of fabricated crowns (n=7) were subjected to 2 different conditioning techniques: etching, using 4.9% hydrofluoric acid followed by application of Mirage ABC silane, or cleaning, using 65% phosphoric acid and application of primer (Porcelain Liner-M). The crowns were luted to the teeth using Superbond C&B luting agent. After 24 hours storage in water, specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine with the compressive load applied along the long axis of the specimen at a crosshead speed 1 mm/min until fracture. Fracture loads (N) were recorded. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test (alpha=.05) were used for statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS The mean fracture load of control specimens (738.3+/-195.3 N) was not significantly different from that of the 2 CAD-CAM crowns (667.7+/-72.3 N, 715.9+/-105.2 N). However, fracture load of natural teeth and the 2 CAD-CAM crowns was significantly higher than the fracture load of the low-fusing ceramic crowns treated with HF acid and silane (465.5+/-101.1 N) and, when cleaned, using phosphoric acid and an application of primer (447.5+/-63.4 N) (P<.05). There was no significant difference in the mean fracture load of each ceramic material when bonded using the 2 different procedures, either treated with HF acid and silane or cleaned using phosphoric acid and application of primer (P>.05). CONCLUSION The application of a primer (Procelain Liner-M) was an effective method for treating the intaglio surface of all-ceramic crowns before cementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Attia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Egypt.
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91
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Fleming GJP, Jandu HS, Nolan L, Shaini FJ. The influence of alumina abrasion and cement lute on the strength of a porcelain laminate veneering material. J Dent 2004; 32:67-74. [PMID: 14659720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2003.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the current study was to examine whether alumina abrasion regime influenced the necessary surface roughness conducive to mechanical interlocking prior to composite resin bonding. The impact of alumina abrasion and cement lute on the bi-axial flexure strength and associated Weibull Moduli (m) on the cemented surfaces of disc specimens of porcelain laminate veneer (PLV) materials was therefore investigated. METHODS Sets of 20 Vitadur-alpha dentine porcelain discs (15 mm diameter, 1.7 mm thickness) were condensed and prepared by abrading with 25, 50 or 110 microm alumina. Further specimen groups were stored wet or coated with a resin cement. Mean fracture strengths, standard deviations and associated m were determined using a ball-on-ring assembly. The surface roughness was assessed using profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The one-way ANOVA revealed a significant reduction (P<0.05) between the means of the dry control and alumina abraded specimens. A significant increase in m was identified for 50 and 110 microm alumina abraded cemented specimens (6.1+/-1.4 and 6.0+/-1.3, respectively) compared with the 25 microm alumina abraded cemented and non-alumina abraded cemented controls (3.9+/-0.9 and 3.5+/-0.8, respectively). Increasing the alumina particle size utilised for the abrasion resulted in a decrease in the surface roughness (R(a) value) which is the arithmetic mean of the absolute departures of the roughness profile from the mean line. SIGNIFICANCE Alumina abrasion acted to replace surface defects with a narrower distribution of defects. Composite resin polymerisation shrinkage may prevent surface flaws from being extended by healing the key surface defects and would appear to suggest that the use of a resin-based luting material may reduce the potential for crack propagation. Given the arrangement of ions across crack tips it is more likely that the resin composite cement enhanced strength by acting to heal key defects rather than imposing a compressive stress on the porcelain surface as suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry J P Fleming
- Biomaterials Unit, School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN, UK.
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92
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Ozcan M, Vallittu PK. Effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of luting cement to ceramics. Dent Mater 2003; 19:725-31. [PMID: 14511730 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(03)00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the effect of three different surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of a Bis-GMA based luting cement to six commercial dental ceramics. METHODS Six disc shaped ceramic specimens (glass ceramics, glass infiltrated alumina, glass infiltrated zirconium dioxide reinforced alumina) were used for each test group yielding a total number of 216 specimens. The specimens in each group were randomly assigned to one of the each following treatment conditions: (1) hydrofluoric acid etching, (2) airborne particle abrasion, (3) tribochemical silica coating. The resin composite luting cement was bonded to the conditioned and silanized ceramics using polyethylene molds. All specimens were tested at dry and thermocycled (6.000, 5-55 degrees C, 30 s) conditions. The shear bond strength of luting cement to ceramics was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). RESULTS In dry conditions, acid etched glass ceramics exhibited significantly higher results (26.4-29.4 MPa) than those of glass infiltrated alumina ceramics (5.3-18.1 MPa) or zirconium dioxide (8.1 MPa) (ANOVA, P<0.001). Silica coating with silanization increased the bond strength significantly for high-alumina ceramics (8.5-21.8 MPa) and glass infiltrated zirconium dioxide ceramic (17.4 MPa) compared to that of airborne particle abrasion (ANOVA, P<0.001). Thermocycling decreased the bond strengths significantly after all of the conditioning methods tested. SIGNIFICANCE Bond strengths of the luting cement tested on the dental ceramics following surface conditioning methods varied in accordance with the ceramic types. Hydrofluoric acid gel was effective mostly on the ceramics having glassy matrix in their structures. Roughening the ceramic surfaces with air particle abrasion provided higher bond strengths for high-alumina ceramics and the values increased more significantly after silica coating/silanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutlu Ozcan
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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93
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El Zohairy AA, De Gee AJ, Mohsen MM, Feilzer AJ. Microtensile bond strength testing of luting cements to prefabricated CAD/CAM ceramic and composite blocks. Dent Mater 2003; 19:575-83. [PMID: 12901980 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(02)00107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the Microtensile bond strength (microTBS) and failure mode of resin cements bonded to composite and ceramic CAD/CAM blocks following various surface treatments. METHODS Paradigm composite blocks and Cerec Vitablocs received three surface treatments following the control treatment of surface grinding with 600 SiC grit. (1) Application of adhesive resin (Adh), (2) etching with hydrofluoric acid and silanization (HF+S) or (3) combination of the previous two treatments (HF+S+Adh). Three resin cements (Tetric Flow, Nexus 2, RelyX ARC) were applied to these surfaces and built-up in layers. After 24 h water storage at 37 degrees C, the non-trimming version of microTBS test was used to produce 1 mm(2) microbars. The Microbars were subjected to a tensile load using a modified testing device. The broken specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope and SEM to determine the failure mode. RESULTS All control and adhesive treated groups of the ceramic substrate showed premature debonding during cutting. The overall mean microTBS for the three resin cements bonded to ceramic following HF+S and HF+S+Adh surface treatment, was 27 and 29.2 MPa and for the resin cements bonded to composite substrate was 42.3 and 54.2 MPa, respectively. The mode of failure was 98% adhesive with composite as a substrate and 68% mixed failures with ceramic as a substrate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE CAD/CAM restorations fabricated from processed composite blocks may have advantage over the ceramic blocks with regard to the higher bond strength with resin cements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A El Zohairy
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, 1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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94
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Meyer A, Cardoso LC, Araujo E, Baratieri LN. Ceramic Inlays and Onlays: Clinical Procedures for Predictable Results. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2003; 15:338-51; discussion 352. [PMID: 14982661 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8240.2003.tb00307.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The use of ceramics as restorative materials has increased substantially in the past two decades. This trend can be attributed to the greater interest of patients and dentists in this esthetic and long-lasting material, and to the ability to effectively bond metal-free ceramic restorations to tooth structure using acid-etch techniques and adhesive cements. The purpose of this article is to review the pertinent literature on ceramic systems, direct internal buildup materials, and adhesive cements. Current clinical procedures for the planning, preparation, impression, and bonding of ceramic inlays and onlays are also briefly reviewed. A representative clinical case is presented, illustrating the technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE When posterior teeth are weakened owing to the need for wide cavity preparations, the success of direct resin-based composites is compromised. In these clinical situations, ceramic inlays/onlays can be used to achieve esthetic, durable, and biologically compatible posterior restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Meyer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Av. Rio Branco 405, Torre 1, Sala 204, Centro, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88015-200, Brazil.
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95
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Oh WS, Shen C. Effect of surface topography on the bond strength of a composite to three different types of ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 90:241-6. [PMID: 12942057 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(03)00452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Mechanical retention based on the surface topography is critical for the success of chairside repair of chipped or fractured ceramic prostheses with a composite. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the tensile bond strength of a composite to 3 dental ceramics was affected by surface roughening procedures on the ceramics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three ceramics, Eris (ERV), Empress 1 (E1C), and an experimental ceramic (EXC), were used to fabricate 12 rectangular blocks (5 x 5 x 10 mm). After polishing with a series of SiC papers (120 through 1200 grit size), 4 surfaces were created on each ceramic as follows: 1) as-polished (P); 2) airborne-particle abraded with 50 microm Al(2)O(3) (A); 3) etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid gel (E); and 4) a combination of airborne particle abrasion and etching (A/E). An adhesive (Heliobond) was applied on the roughened ceramic surface and a composite (Tetric Ceram) was built-up incrementally. Twelve groups of different ceramic/surface treatment combinations were prepared. Twenty ceramic/composite specimens per group (0.9 x 0.9 x 20 mm) were obtained from each block with a slow speed diamond saw. Each specimen was subjected to a tensile force at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine until failure. The mode of failure was determined by scanning electron microscopy. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test (alpha=.05) were used to analyze the bond strength values. RESULTS Specimens of all as-polished groups and EXC(A) group separated during sectioning. The mean bond strength values (SDs) in MPa for the remaining groups were as follows: ERV(A): 2.6 (0.8); E1C(A): 2.8 (1.1); ERV(E): 3.1 (1.3); ERV(A/E): 9.3 (1.3); E1C(E): 10.5 (1.5); E1C(A/E):13.5 (3.3); EXC(E): 19.2 (4.7); and EXC(A/E): 23.1 (5.4). ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in the bond strength for both ceramics (P<.0001) and surface treatments (P<.0001). Duncan's analysis yielded following statistical subsets of the bond strength values: EXC > E1C > ERV by ceramic; A/E > E > A by surface treatment. The mode of failure was a combination of adhesive and cohesive failures. CONCLUSION The tensile bond strength of a composite to ceramic was significantly different depending on the surface topography of ceramic. Among the surfaces investigated, combined surface roughness was the most effective surface topography in terms of the bond strength increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-suck Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Health Science Tower, PO Box 100435, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0248, USA.
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96
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Saygili G, Sahmali S. Effect of ceramic surface treatment on the shear bond strengths of two resin luting agents to all-ceramic materials. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:758-64. [PMID: 12791165 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bond strengths of some resin luting cements of two different all ceramic materials (In-Ceram, IPS-Empress). Composite cylinders 3.2 x 2 mm were prepared on the ceramic surfaces for a shear test. Four ceramic surface treatments were performed. (i). As received, (ii). grinding with diamond bur, (iii). sandblasting with 50 microm alumina grit and (iv). HF acid treatment and sandblasting with 50 microm alumina grit. Ceramic specimens were treated with one of the four methods and then cemented together with each of the two luting agents. The tested luting cements were Panavia F and Clearfil Se Bond (CSeB). The CSeB demonstrated the highest bond strength (59.95 MPa) regardless of the ceramic blocks. The average of load to fracture the In-Ceram blocks luted with Panavia F cement was 25.89 MPa. The mean shear bond strength of IPS Empress blocks luted with Panavia F cement was 10.31 MPa. Grinding the surface with a diamond bur for In-Ceram blocks luted with Panavia-F was 30.93 MPa and with CSeB was 77.04 MPa. For IPS-Empress blocks these values decreased to 12.39 MPa for Panavia-F and 30.84 MPa for CSeB. Acid etching of the surfaces with HF acid demonstrated a weak tendency to improve bond strength (In-Ceram-->Panavia-F= 14.59 MPa and CSeB=59.32 Mpa; IPS-Empress--> Panavia-F=5.85 MPa and CSeB= 23.33 MPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Saygili
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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97
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Ferrari M, Dagostin A, Fabianelli A. Marginal integrity of ceramic inlays luted with a self-curing resin system. Dent Mater 2003; 19:270-6. [PMID: 12686290 DOI: 10.1016/s0109-5641(02)00040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to observe the efficacy of two different composite cements on the prevention of marginal deterioration around adhesive ceramic inlay restorations, under laboratory conditions, and to test the null hypothesis that different luting procedures cannot affect sealing ability of luted inlays. METHODS Twenty-six standardized mesio-occlusal Class II cavities were prepared in extracted posterior teeth. Class II inlays were fabricated with IPS Empress II system following the manufacturer's instructions. The samples were divided into two groups of 13 teeth each at random. Group 1: The ceramic inlays of Group 1 were luted using Excite DSC and an experimental self-curing resin cement (Multilink, Vivadent); in this group, Excite DSC was self-activated and not light-cured. Group 2: Excite DSC in combination with a dual-curing resin cement (Variolink II, Vivadent) was used (as control). In this group Excite DSC was light-cured for 20s separately, before resin cement application. The 'wet' bonding technique was followed. Three samples of each group were selected at random for SEM observations, while the other 10 samples were processed for marginal leakage. The bonding mechanism to dentin and resin cement thickness was evaluated. RESULTS Samples of both groups showed resin tag and adhesive lateral branch formation. In Group 1 the hybrid layer was mainly uniform along the interface between dental substrates and adhesive material, and resin cement thickness was between 20 and 85 microm. At the cervical margin no gap was detected. In Group 2 the cement thickness was between 30 and 110 microm and hybrid layer formation was observed along the interface but at the cervical margin it was not always uniform and continuous. Resin tag formation was uniform in both groups. At cervical margins, 80% of Group 1 samples showed a perfect seal at the dentin-cementum margins, and 90% at enamel margins. Group 2 samples showed only 50% of cervical margins free from leakage and 80% at the occlusal enamel margins. Statistically significant differences were found at cervical margins between the two groups, while no significant differences were found at enamel site. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the self-curing adhesive-resin cement combination can properly seal Class II porcelain inlays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dental Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
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98
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Borges GA, Sophr AM, de Goes MF, Sobrinho LC, Chan DCN. Effect of etching and airborne particle abrasion on the microstructure of different dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 89:479-88. [PMID: 12806326 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3913(02)52704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The ceramic composition and microstructure surface of all-ceramic restorations are important components of an effective bonding substrate. Both hydrofluoric acid etching and airborne aluminum oxide particle abrasion produce irregular surfaces necessary for micromechanical bonding. Although surface treatments of feldspathic and leucite porcelains have been studied previously, the high alumina-containing and lithium disilicate ceramics have not been fully investigated. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the surface topography of 6 different ceramics after treatment with either hydrofluoric acid etching or airborne aluminum oxide particle abrasion. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five copings each of IPS Empress, IPS Empress 2 (0.8 mm thick), Cergogold (0.7 mm thick), In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Procera (0.8 mm thick) were fabricated following the manufacturer's instructions. Each coping was longitudinally sectioned into 4 equal parts by a diamond disk. The resulting sections were then randomly divided into 3 groups depending on subsequent surface treatments: Group 1, specimens without additional surface treatments, as received from the laboratory (control); Group 2, specimens treated by use of airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm aluminum oxide; and Group 3, specimens treated with 10% hydrofluoric acid etching (20 seconds for IPS Empress 2; 60 seconds for IPS Empress and Cergogold; and 2 minutes for In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Procera). RESULTS Airborne particle abrasion changed the morphologic surface of IPS Empress, IPS Empress 2, and Cergogold ceramics. The surface topography of these ceramics exhibited shallow irregularities not evident in the control group. For Procera, the 50-microm aluminum oxide airborne particle abrasion produced a flattened surface. Airborne particle abrasion of In-Ceram Alumina and In-Ceram Zirconia did not change the morphologic characteristics and the same shallows pits found in the control group remained. For IPS Empress 2, 10% hydrofluoric acid etching produced elongated crystals scattered with shallow irregularities. For IPS Empress and Cergogold, the morphologic characteristic was honeycomb-like on the ceramic surface. The surface treatment of In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Procera did not change their superficial structure. CONCLUSION Hydrofluoric acid etching and airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm aluminum oxide increased the irregularities on the surface of IPS Empress, IPS Empress 2, and Cergogold ceramics. Similar treatment of In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Procera did not change their morphologic microstructure.
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99
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Cura C, Saraçoglu A, Cötert HS. Effect of different bonding agents on shear bond strengths of composite-bonded porcelain to enamel. J Prosthet Dent 2003; 89:394-9. [PMID: 12690353 DOI: 10.1067/mpr.2003.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The use of bonding agents in the luting procedure for porcelain laminate restorations to enamel is not clear. PURPOSE This study evaluated the shear bond strength differences between an enamel-luting composite and a heat-pressed ceramic with 6 different bonding systems. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy standardized heat-pressed IPS Empress ceramic discs (4-mm diameter, 3-mm height) were prepared. A vertical planar enamel-bonding surface was prepared on the buccal or lingual enamel of 70 freshly extracted sound human molars and premolars. The teeth were oriented to maintain a parallel relationship between the bonding plane and the shear loading axis of a universal testing machine. Tooth specimens were divided into 7 groups (n=10) comprising equal numbers of molars and premolars. The enamel surfaces of specimens in groups 1 through 6 were prepared with 1 of 6 bonding agents (Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus, Heliobond, PQ1, SE Bond, Prime&Bond NT, and Prompt L-Pop). Finally, the specimens were luted to the ceramic discs with the composite cement (Opal Luting Composite). Ceramic discs in the seventh group (Control) were luted to the etched enamel with the composite cement without using bonding material. Enamel-ceramic specimens were kept in distilled water at room temperature for 30 days after cementation. All specimens were shear loaded axially in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/min until fracture. Shear bond strength was measured and recorded for each group in MPa. To determine the statistical significance of the differences between the mean shear bond strength values, a 1-way analysis of variance was used (alpha=.05). Post-hoc multiple comparisons were made with Duncan's multiple range analysis. Fractured surfaces of each specimen were also inspected with a stereomicroscope to evaluate failure modes. RESULTS A 1-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences between the test groups (P=.00). Bond strength values (MPa) from the highest to the lowest were as follows: Prompt L-Pop, 25.46 +/- 5.6; Prime&Bond NT, 18.99 +/- 4.93; Heliobond, 17.28 +/- 4.0; SE Bond, 16.21 +/- 2.6; PQ1, 15.60 +/- 2.8; Scotchbond MPP, 14.82 +/- 2.4; and Control, 10.55 +/- 1.6. Duncan's multiple range post hoc analysis exhibited significant differences between the control group and the adhesive bonding agent groups (P<.05). There were also significant differences between the bonding agent groups (P<.05). Prompt L-Pop showed the highest bond strength values. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, bonding agents appear to have a strengthening effect on the shear bond strengths of the enamel/composite/porcelain interface of the materials tested. Bonding agents used in this study showed similar bond strength values except for Prompt L-Pop, which demonstrated the highest bond strength values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cenk Cura
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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100
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Ozcan M. Evaluation of alternative intra-oral repair techniques for fractured ceramic-fused-to-metal restorations. J Oral Rehabil 2003; 30:194-203. [PMID: 12535148 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic fractures are serious and costly problems in dentistry. Moreover, they pose an aesthetic and functional dilemma both for the patient and the dentist. This problem has created demand for the development of practical repair options which do not necessitate the removal and remake of the entire restoration. Published literature on repair techniques for fractured fixed partial dentures, concentrating on the data obtained both from in vitro and in vivo studies, reveals that the repair techniques based on sandblasting and silanization are the most durable in terms of adhesive and cohesive failures compared with those using different etching agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ozcan
- Marmara University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Prosthodontics, Büyükçiftlik Sok, Nişantaşi, Istanbul, Turkey.
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