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The Differentiation Balance of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Crucial to Hematopoiesis. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1540148. [PMID: 29765406 PMCID: PMC5903338 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1540148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the important component and regulator of bone marrow microenvironment, give rise to hematopoietic-supporting stromal cells and form hematopoietic niches for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis is poorly understood. In this review, we focus on the role of BMSC differentiation in hematopoiesis. We discussed the role of BMSCs and their progeny in hematopoiesis. We also examine the mechanisms that cause differentiation bias of BMSCs in stress conditions including aging, irradiation, and chemotherapy. Moreover, the differentiation balance of BMSCs is crucial to hematopoiesis. We highlight the negative effects of differentiation bias of BMSCs on hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation. Keeping the differentiation balance of BMSCs is critical for hematopoietic recovery. This review summarises current understanding about how BMSC differentiation affects hematopoiesis and its potential application in improving hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow transplantation.
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52
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Targeted drug delivery for tumor therapy inside the bone marrow. Biomaterials 2018; 155:191-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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53
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54
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Pacheco E, Hu R, Taylor S. Laser Capture Microdissection and Transcriptional Analysis of Sub-Populations of the Osteoblast Lineage from Undecalcified Bone. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1723:191-202. [PMID: 29344861 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7558-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional analysis of tissue samples is a useful and widely applied approach to provide insight into the molecular mechanisms engaged in response to phenotypic changes or external stimuli. We describe a method that overcomes the technical challenges associated with the application of Laser Capture Microdissection to undecalcified bone enabling us to collect high-quality bone tissue with maintained cellular morphology that is suitable for cryosectioning, fixation, and cutting. Using this method, we obtain samples enriched for specific cell types from the mature osteoblast lineage (osteoblasts, lining cells, i.e., quiescent osteoblasts, and osteocytes). RNA is well preserved and following extraction and amplification can be used as input to both low and high-throughput RNA analysis formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Pacheco
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Rong Hu
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Scott Taylor
- Comparative Biology and Safety Sciences, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
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55
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Confalonieri D, Schwab A, Walles H, Ehlicke F. Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products: A Guide for Bone Marrow-derived MSC Application in Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 24:155-169. [PMID: 28990462 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from trauma- or age-related orthopedic diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, or cancer. Tissue Engineering (TE) and Regenerative Medicine are multidisciplinary fields focusing on the development of artificial organs, biomimetic engineered tissues, and cells to restore or maintain tissue and organ function. While allogenic and future autologous transplantations are nowadays the gold standards for both cartilage and bone defect repair, they are both subject to important limitations such as availability of healthy tissue, donor site morbidity, and graft rejection. Tissue engineered bone and cartilage products represent a promising and alternative approach with the potential to overcome these limitations. Since the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) such as TE products requires the knowledge of diverse regulation and an extensive communication with the national/international authorities, the aim of this review is therefore to summarize the state of the art on the clinical applications of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells for cartilage and bone TE. In addition, this review provides an overview of the European legislation to facilitate the development and commercialization of new ATMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Confalonieri
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schwab
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany .,2 Translational Center Wuerzburg "Regenerative Therapies in Oncology and Musculoskeletal Disease," Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Ehlicke
- 1 Department Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
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56
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Sacchetti B, Funari A, Remoli C, Giannicola G, Kogler G, Liedtke S, Cossu G, Serafini M, Sampaolesi M, Tagliafico E, Tenedini E, Saggio I, Robey PG, Riminucci M, Bianco P. No Identical "Mesenchymal Stem Cells" at Different Times and Sites: Human Committed Progenitors of Distinct Origin and Differentiation Potential Are Incorporated as Adventitial Cells in Microvessels. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 6:897-913. [PMID: 27304917 PMCID: PMC4912436 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely shared view reads that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSCs”) are ubiquitous in human connective tissues, can be defined by a common in vitro phenotype, share a skeletogenic potential as assessed by in vitro differentiation assays, and coincide with ubiquitous pericytes. Using stringent in vivo differentiation assays and transcriptome analysis, we show that human cell populations from different anatomical sources, regarded as “MSCs” based on these criteria and assumptions, actually differ widely in their transcriptomic signature and in vivo differentiation potential. In contrast, they share the capacity to guide the assembly of functional microvessels in vivo, regardless of their anatomical source, or in situ identity as perivascular or circulating cells. This analysis reveals that muscle pericytes, which are not spontaneously osteochondrogenic as previously claimed, may indeed coincide with an ectopic perivascular subset of committed myogenic cells similar to satellite cells. Cord blood-derived stromal cells, on the other hand, display the unique capacity to form cartilage in vivo spontaneously, in addition to an assayable osteogenic capacity. These data suggest the need to revise current misconceptions on the origin and function of so-called “MSCs,” with important applicative implications. The data also support the view that rather than a uniform class of “MSCs,” different mesoderm derivatives include distinct classes of tissue-specific committed progenitors, possibly of different developmental origin. CD146+ “MSCs” from different tissues exhibit different transcriptional profiles CD146+ “MSCs” from different tissues have different differentiation capacities CD146+ “MSCs” from different tissues organize blood vessels and become pericytes
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Sacchetti
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alessia Funari
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannicola
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00158, Italy
| | - Gesine Kogler
- Institute for Transplant Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics, Medical Center Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Stefanie Liedtke
- Institute for Transplant Diagnostics and Cellular Therapeutics, Medical Center Heinrich-Heine University, Duesseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Pediatric Department, Tettamanti Research Center, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Tagliafico
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41121, Italy
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University, IBPM CNR, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Stem Cell Lab, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
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57
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Coutu DL, Kokkaliaris KD, Kunz L, Schroeder T. Multicolor quantitative confocal imaging cytometry. Nat Methods 2017; 15:39-46. [PMID: 29320487 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicolor 3D quantitative imaging of large tissue volumes is necessary to understand tissue development and organization as well as interactions between distinct cell types in situ. However, tissue imaging remains technically challenging, particularly imaging of bone and marrow. Here, we describe a pipeline to reproducibly generate high-dimensional quantitative data from bone and bone marrow that may be extended to any tissue. We generate thick bone sections from adult mouse femurs with preserved tissue microarchitecture and demonstrate eight-color imaging using confocal microscopy without linear unmixing. We introduce XiT, an open-access software for fast and easy data curation, exploration and quantification of large imaging data sets with single-cell resolution. We describe how XiT can be used to correct for potential artifacts in quantitative 3D imaging, and we use the pipeline to measure the spatial relationship between hematopoietic cells, bone matrix and marrow Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Coutu
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Leo Kunz
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
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58
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Liu FD, Pishesha N, Poon Z, Kaushik T, Van Vliet KJ. Material Viscoelastic Properties Modulate the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome for Applications in Hematopoietic Recovery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3292-3306. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frances D. Liu
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- BioSystems
and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore 138602
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhiyong Poon
- BioSystems
and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore 138602
| | - Tanwi Kaushik
- BioSystems
and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore 138602
| | - Krystyn J. Van Vliet
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- BioSystems
and Micromechanics (BioSyM) Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore−MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, CREATE, Singapore 138602
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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59
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Pievani A, Sacchetti B, Corsi A, Rambaldi B, Donsante S, Scagliotti V, Vergani P, Remoli C, Biondi A, Robey PG, Riminucci M, Serafini M. Human umbilical cord blood-borne fibroblasts contain marrow niche precursors that form a bone/marrow organoid in vivo. Development 2017; 144:1035-1044. [PMID: 28292847 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (CB) has attracted much attention as a reservoir for functional hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and, recently, as a source of blood-borne fibroblasts (CB-BFs). Previously, we demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) and CB-BF pellet cultures make cartilage in vitro Furthermore, upon in vivo transplantation, BMSC pellets remodelled into miniature bone/marrow organoids. Using this in vivo model, we asked whether CB-BF populations that express characteristics of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche contain precursors that reform the niche. CB ossicles were regularly observed upon transplantation. Compared with BM ossicles, CB ossicles showed a predominance of red marrow over yellow marrow, as demonstrated by histomorphological analyses and the number of hematopoietic cells isolated within ossicles. Marrow cavities from CB and BM ossicles included donor-derived CD146-expressing osteoprogenitors and host-derived mature hematopoietic cells, clonogenic lineage-committed progenitors and HSCs. Furthermore, human CD34+ cells transplanted into ossicle-bearing mice engrafted and maintained human HSCs in the niche. Our data indicate that CB-BFs are able to recapitulate the conditions by which the bone marrow microenvironment is formed and establish complete HSC niches, which are functionally supportive of hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pievani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Benedetto Sacchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rambaldi
- Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Samantha Donsante
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vergani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital/Fondazione MBBM, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
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Abstract
Bone marrow aspirate grafting entails mesenchymal stem cell-containing bone marrow harvesting and injection into a fracture site to promote bone formation. Although the use of bone marrow aspirate in orthopedic trauma is not widespread, an increasing number of studies are reporting clinical success. Advantages of using bone marrow aspirate are that it is readily obtainable, has low harvest morbidity, and can be easily and quickly injected. However, no universally accepted role for its use exists. Future studies directly comparing bone marrow aspirate with conventional techniques are needed to define its role in the treatment of orthopedic trauma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Schottel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 95 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
| | - Stephen J Warner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6400 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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61
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Suchorska WM, Augustyniak E, Richter M, Łukjanow M, Filas V, Kaczmarczyk J, Trzeciak T. Modified methods for efficiently differentiating human embryonic stem cells into chondrocyte-like cells. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2017; 71:500-509. [PMID: 28665279 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human articular cartilage has a poor regenerative capacity. This often results in the serious joint disease- osteoarthritis (OA) that is characterized by cartilage degradation. An inability to self-repair provided extensive studies on AC regeneration. The cell-based cartilage tissue engineering is a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. So far, numerous cell types have been reported to show chondrogenic potential, among others human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS However, the currently used methods for directed differentiation of human ESCs into chondrocyte-like cells via embryoid body (EB) formation, micromass culture (MC) and pellet culture (PC) are not highly efficient and require further improvement. In the present study, these three methods for hESCs differentiation into chondrocyte-like cells in the presence of chondrogenic medium supplemented with diverse combination of growth factors (GFs) were evaluated and modified. RESULTS The protocols established here allow highly efficient, simple and inexpensive production of a large number of chondrocyte-like cells suitable for transplantation into the sites of cartilage injury. The most crucial issue is the selection of appropriate GFs in defined concentration. The obtained stem-derived cells reveal the presence of chondrogenic markers such as type II collagen, Sox6 and Sox9 as well as the lack or significantly lower level of pluripotency markers including Nanog and Oct3/4. DISCUSSION The most efficient method is the differentiation throughout embryoid bodies. In turn, chondrogenic differentiation via pellet culture is the most promising method for implementation on clinical scale. The most useful GFs are TGF-β1, -3 and BMP-2 that possess the most chondrogenic potential. These methods can also be used to obtain chondrocyte-like cells from differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdalena Richter
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Violetta Filas
- Pathology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Jacek Kaczmarczyk
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | - Tomasz Trzeciak
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
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62
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Correia CR, Santos TC, Pirraco RP, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP, Reis RL, Mano JF. In vivo osteogenic differentiation of stem cells inside compartmentalized capsules loaded with co-cultured endothelial cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:483-494. [PMID: 28179159 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Capsules coated with polyelectrolytes and co-encapsulating adipose stem (ASCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells with surface modified microparticles are developed. Microparticles and cells are freely dispersed in a liquified core, responsible to maximize the diffusion of essential molecules and allowing the geometrical freedom for the autonomous three-dimensional (3D) organization of cells. While the membrane wraps all the instructive cargo elements within a single structure, the microparticles provide a solid 3D substrate for the encapsulated cells. Our hypothesis is that inside this isolated biomimetic 3D environment, ECs would lead ASCs to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage to ultimately generate a mineralized tissue in vivo. For that, capsules encapsulating only ASCs (MONO capsules) or co-cultured with ECs (CO capsules) are subcutaneously implanted in nude mice up to 6weeks. Capsules implanted immediately after production or after 21days of in vitro osteogenic stimulation are tested. The most valuable outcome of the present study is the mineralized tissue in CO capsules without in vitro pre-differentiation, with similar levels compared to the pre-stimulated capsules in vitro. We believe that the proposed bioencapsulation strategy is a potent self-regulated system, which might find great applicability in bone tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The diffusion efficiency of essential molecules for cell survival is a main issue in cell encapsulation. Former studies reported the superior biological outcome of encapsulated cells within liquified systems. However, most cells used in TE are anchorage-dependent, requiring a solid substrate to perform main cellular processes. We hypothesized that liquified capsules encapsulating microparticles are a promising attempt. Inspired by the multiphenotypic cellular environment of bone, we combine the concept of liquified capsules with co-cultures of stem and endothelial cells. After implantation, results show that co-cultured capsules without in vitro stimulation were able to form a mineralized tissue in vivo. We believe that the present ready-to-use TE strategy requiring minimum in vitro manipulation will find great applicability in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R Correia
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tírcia C Santos
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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63
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Zhou Y, He Y, Xing W, Zhang P, Shi H, Chen S, Shi J, Bai J, Rhodes SD, Zhang F, Yuan J, Yang X, Zhu X, Li Y, Hanenberg H, Xu M, Robertson KA, Yuan W, Nalepa G, Cheng T, Clapp DW, Yang FC. An abnormal bone marrow microenvironment contributes to hematopoietic dysfunction in Fanconi anemia. Haematologica 2017; 102:1017-1027. [PMID: 28341737 PMCID: PMC5451333 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.158717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia is a complex heterogeneous genetic disorder with a high incidence of bone marrow failure, clonal evolution to acute myeloid leukemia and mesenchymal-derived congenital anomalies. Increasing evidence in Fanconi anemia and other genetic disorders points towards an interdependence of skeletal and hematopoietic development, yet the impact of the marrow microenvironment in the pathogenesis of the bone marrow failure in Fanconi anemia remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that mice with double knockout of both Fancc and Fancg genes had decreased bone formation at least partially due to impaired osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells from the double knockout mice showed impaired hematopoietic supportive activity. Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells of patients with Fanconi anemia exhibited similar cellular deficits, including increased senescence, reduced proliferation, impaired osteoblast differentiation and defective hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell supportive activity. Collectively, these studies provide unique insights into the physiological significance of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells in supporting the marrow microenvironment, which is potentially of broad relevance in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yongzheng He
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fengqui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xianlin Yang
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kent A Robertson
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Grzegorz Nalepa
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - D Wade Clapp
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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64
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Wang M, Li H, Si J, Dai J, Shi J, Wang X, Guo L, Shen G. Amniotic fluid-derived stem cells mixed with platelet rich plasma for restoration of rat alveolar bone defect. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:197-207. [PMID: 28104582 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells isolated from the amniotic fluid have been shown as a promising candidate for cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the experimental and preclinical applications of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) in the very field of maxillofacial bone tissue engineering are still limited. In this study, rat AFSCs were successfully harvested and characterized in vitro. The rat AFSCs showed typical fibroblastoid morphology, stable proliferation activity and multi-differentiation potential. Flow-cytometry analysis demonstrated that these cells were positive for CD29, CD44, and CD90, while negative for hematopoietic markers such as CD34 and CD45. The regenerative performance of AFSCs-premixed with platelet rich plasma (PRP) gel in restoration of alveolar bone defect was further investigated using a modified rat maxillary alveolar defect model. Micro-computer tomography and histological examination showed a superior regenerative capacity of AFSCs-premixed with PRP gel at both 4 and 8 weeks after operation comparing with control groups. Moreover, the implanted AFSCs can survive in the defect site and directly participate in the bone tissue regeneration. Taken together, these results indicated the feasibility of an AFSCs-based alveolar bone tissue engineering strategy for alveolar defect restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiawen Si
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jiewen Dai
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Lihe Guo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guofang Shen
- Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
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65
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Shahriyari L, Mahdipour-Shirayeh A. Modeling dynamics of mutants in heterogeneous stem cell niche. Phys Biol 2017; 14:016004. [PMID: 28102174 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa5a61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studying the stem cell (SC) niche architecture is a crucial step for investigating the process of oncogenesis and obtaining an effective stem cell therapy for various cancers. Recently, it has been observed that there are two groups of SCs in the SC niche collaborating with each other to maintain tissue homeostasis: border stem cells (BSCs), which are responsible in controlling the number of non-stem cells as well as stem cells, and central stem cells (CeSCs), which regulate the SC niche. Here, we develop a bi-compartmental stochastic model for the SC niche to study the spread of mutants within the niche. The analytic calculations and numeric simulations, which are in perfect agreement, reveal that in order to delay the spread of mutants in the SC niche, a small but non-zero number of SC proliferations must occur in the CeSC compartment. Moreover, the migration of BSCs to CeSCs delays the spread of mutants. Furthermore, the fixation probability of mutants in the SC niche is independent of types of SC division as long as all SCs do not divide fully asymmetrically. Additionally, the progeny of CeSCs have a much higher chance than the progeny of BSCs to take over the entire niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shahriyari
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, The Ohio State University, OH, United States of America
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66
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Nombela-Arrieta C, Isringhausen S. The Role of the Bone Marrow Stromal Compartment in the Hematopoietic Response to Microbial Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 7:689. [PMID: 28163704 PMCID: PMC5247475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous production of blood cells unfolds within a complex three-dimensional tissue scaffold established by highly organized stromal cell networks of mesenchymal, neural, and vascular origin inside bone marrow (BM) cavities. Collectively, stromal cells have been shown to serve two principal roles; first as primary participants of bone remodeling and metabolism and second as master regulators of different stages of blood cell development and production. Indeed, ample evidence demonstrates that stromal cells can sense and integrate systemic signals to shape hematopoietic responses and that these regulatory mechanisms are subverted in multiple pathologic conditions. Microbial infections are stressors that elicit potent inflammatory reactions and induce substantial alterations of hematopoietic output. Whether the cellular components of the BM stromal microenvironment are targeted by infections and participate in infection-induced hematopoiesis has not been investigated in sufficient detail to date. In this manuscript, we provide a succinct updated overview of the different cell populations that are currently known to form BM stroma. We discuss experimental evidence demonstrating that different stromal components are actively damaged or functionally altered by pathogens and/or ensuing inflammatory signals and review how these effects are known to contribute to the hematologic manifestations observed during infections.
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67
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ÇELEBİ SALTIK B, GÖKÇINAR YAĞCI B. Expansion of human umbilical cord blood hematopoieticprogenitors with cord vein pericytes. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1510-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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68
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Lee LCY, Gadegaard N, de Andrés MC, Turner LA, Burgess KV, Yarwood SJ, Wells J, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Meek D, Oreffo ROC, Dalby MJ. Nanotopography controls cell cycle changes involved with skeletal stem cell self-renewal and multipotency. Biomaterials 2016; 116:10-20. [PMID: 27914982 PMCID: PMC5226065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In culture isolated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (more precisely termed skeletal stem cells, SSCs) spontaneously differentiate into fibroblasts, preventing the growth of large numbers of multipotent SSCs for use in regenerative medicine. However, the mechanisms that regulate the expansion of SSCs, while maintaining multipotency and preventing fibroblastic differentiation are poorly understood. Major hurdles to understanding how the maintenance of SSCs is regulated are (a) SSCs isolated from bone marrow are heterogeneous populations with different proliferative characteristics and (b) a lack of tools to investigate SSC number expansion and multipotency. Here, a nanotopographical surface is used as a tool that permits SSC proliferation while maintaining multipotency. It is demonstrated that retention of SSC phenotype in culture requires adjustments to the cell cycle that are linked to changes in the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases. This demonstrates that biomaterials can offer cross-SSC culture tools and that the biological processes that determine whether SSCs retain multipotency or differentiate into fibroblasts are subtle, in terms of biochemical control, but are profound in terms of determining cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa C Y Lee
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Nikolaj Gadegaard
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - María C de Andrés
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Karl V Burgess
- Glasgow Polyomics Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garsube Campus, Bearsden, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, William Perkin Building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Julia Wells
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rankine Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Dominic Meek
- Department of Orthopaedics, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, G51 4TF, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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69
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Lewis EEL, Wheadon H, Lewis N, Yang J, Mullin M, Hursthouse A, Stirling D, Dalby MJ, Berry CC. A Quiescent, Regeneration-Responsive Tissue Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cell Bone Marrow Niche Model via Magnetic Levitation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8346-8354. [PMID: 27602872 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche represents a specialized environment that regulates mesenchymal stem cell quiescence and self-renewal, yet fosters stem cell migration and differentiation upon demand. An in vitro model that embodies these features would open up the ability to perform detailed study of stem cell behavior. In this paper we present a simple bone marrow-like niche model, which comprises of nanomagnetically levitated stem cells cultured as multicellular spheroids within a type I collagen gel. The stem cells maintained are nestin positive and remain quiescent until regenerative demand is placed upon them. In response to coculture wounding, they migrate and appropriately differentiate upon engraftment. This tissue engineered regeneration-responsive bone marrow-like niche model will allow for greater understanding of stem cell response to injury and also facilitate as a testing platform for drug candidates in a multiwell plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow , Shelley Road, Glasgow G11 0YN, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Hursthouse
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland , Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
| | - David Stirling
- School of Science, University of the West of Scotland , Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
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70
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Melzer C, Yang Y, Hass R. Interaction of MSC with tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:20. [PMID: 27608835 PMCID: PMC5016940 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor development and tumor progression is not only determined by the corresponding tumor cells but also by the tumor microenvironment. This includes an orchestrated network of interacting cell types (e.g. immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC)) via the extracellular matrix and soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors and various metabolites. Cell populations of the tumor microenvironment can interact directly and indirectly with cancer cells by mutually altering properties and functions of the involved partners. Particularly, mesenchymal stroma/stem cells (MSC) play an important role during carcinogenesis exhibiting different types of intercellular communication. Accordingly, this work focusses on diverse mechanisms of interaction between MSC and cancer cells. Moreover, some functional changes and consequences for both cell types are summarized which can eventually result in the establishment of a carcinoma stem cell niche (CSCN) or the generation of new tumor cell populations by MSC-tumor cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Melzer
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Tongji Hospital Affiliated Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ralf Hass
- Biochemistry and Tumor Biology Lab, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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71
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Osteoblasts secrete miRNA-containing extracellular vesicles that enhance expansion of human umbilical cord blood cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32034. [PMID: 27585950 PMCID: PMC5009378 DOI: 10.1038/srep32034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolineage cells represent one of the critical bone marrow niche components that support maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Recent studies demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate stem cell development via horizontal transfer of bioactive cargo, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Using next-generation sequencing we show that human osteoblast-derived EVs contain highly abundant miRNAs specifically enriched in EVs, including critical regulators of hematopoietic proliferation (e.g., miR-29a). EV treatment of human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) HSPCs alters the expression of candidate miRNA targets, such as HBP1, BCL2 and PTEN. Furthermore, EVs enhance proliferation of CD34(+) cells and their immature subsets in growth factor-driven ex vivo expansion cultures. Importantly, EV-expanded cells retain their differentiation capacity in vitro and successfully engraft in vivo. These discoveries reveal a novel osteoblast-derived EV-mediated mechanism for regulation of HSPC proliferation and warrant consideration of EV-miRNAs for the development of expansion strategies to treat hematological disorders.
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72
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Huang X, Zhu B, Wang X, Xiao R, Wang C. Three-dimensional co-culture of mesenchymal stromal cells and differentiated osteoblasts on human bio-derived bone scaffolds supports active multi-lineage hematopoiesis in vitro: Functional implication of the biomimetic HSC niche. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1141-51. [PMID: 27571775 PMCID: PMC5029969 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) niche, consisting of two major crucial components, namely osteoblasts (OBs) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), is responsible for the fate of HSPCs. Thus, closely mimicking the HSPC niche ex vivo may be an efficient strategy with which to develop new culture strategies to specifically regulate the balance between HSPC self-renewal and proliferation. The aim of this study was to establish a novel HSPC three-dimensional culture system by co-culturing bone marrow-derived MSCs and OBs differentiated from MSCs without any cytokines as feeder cells and applying bio-derived bone from human femoral metaphyseal portion as the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the excellent biocompatibility of bio-derived bone with bone marrow-derived MSCs and OBs differentiated from MSCs. Western blot analysis revealed that many cytokines, which play key roles in HSPC regulation, were comprehensively secreted, while ELISA revealed that extracellular matrix molecules were also highly expressed. Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide fluorescence staining proved that our system could be used to supply a long-term culture of HSPCs. Flow cytometric analysis and qPCR of p21 expression demonstrated that our system significantly promoted the self-renewal and ex vivo expansion of HSPCs. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays confirmed that our system has the ability for both the expansion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HPCs) and the maintenance of a primitive cell subpopulation of HSCs. The severe-combined immunodeficient mouse repopulating cell assay revealed the promoting effects of our system on the expansion of long-term primitive transplantable HSCs. In conclusion, our system may be a more comprehensive and balanced system which not only promotes the self-renewal and ex vivo expansion of HSPCs, but also maintains primitive HPCs with superior phenotypic and functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Chunsen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
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73
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Roberts J, Sahoo JK, McNamara LE, Burgess KV, Yang J, Alakpa EV, Anderson HJ, Hay J, Turner LA, Yarwood SJ, Zelzer M, Oreffo RC, Ulijn RV, Dalby MJ. Dynamic Surfaces for the Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth through Adhesion Regulation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:6667-79. [PMID: 27322014 PMCID: PMC4963921 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Out of their niche environment, adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), spontaneously differentiate. This makes both studying these important regenerative cells and growing large numbers of stem cells for clinical use challenging. Traditional cell culture techniques have fallen short of meeting this challenge, but materials science offers hope. In this study, we have used emerging rules of managing adhesion/cytoskeletal balance to prolong MSC cultures by fabricating controllable nanoscale cell interfaces using immobilized peptides that may be enzymatically activated to change their function. The surfaces can be altered (activated) at will to tip adhesion/cytoskeletal balance and initiate differentiation, hence better informing biological mechanisms of stem cell growth. Tools that are able to investigate the stem cell phenotype are important. While large phenotypical differences, such as the difference between an adipocyte and an osteoblast, are now better understood, the far more subtle differences between fibroblasts and MSCs are much harder to dissect. The development of technologies able to dynamically navigate small differences in adhesion are critical in the race to provide regenerative strategies using stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma
N. Roberts
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department
of Pure & Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Laura E. McNamara
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Karl V. Burgess
- Glasgow
Polyomics Facility, Translational Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow Garscube Campus, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Jingli Yang
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Enateri V. Alakpa
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Hilary J. Anderson
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Jake Hay
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Stephen J. Yarwood
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Boots Science Building, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- National
Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, U.K.
| | - Richard
O. C. Oreffo
- Bone
&
Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and
Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K.
| | - Rein V. Ulijn
- Department
of Pure & Applied Chemistry, WestCHEM, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral
Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland, U.K.
- Advanced
Science Research Center (ASRC), City University
of New York, New York, New York 10031, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City University
of New York—Hunter College, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, United
States
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre
for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology,
College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K.
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74
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Abstract
During the past decade preclinical studies have defined many of the mechanisms used by tumours to hijack the skeleton and promote bone metastasis. This has led to the development and widespread clinical use of bone-targeted drugs to prevent skeletal-related events. This understanding has also identified a critical dependency between colonizing tumour cells and the cells of bone. This is particularly important when tumour cells first arrive in bone, adapt to their new microenvironment and enter a long-lived dormant state. In this Review, we discuss the role of different bone cell types in supporting disseminated tumour cell dormancy and reactivation, and highlight the new opportunities this provides for targeting the bone microenvironment to control dormancy and bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Croucher
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle M McDonald
- Division of Bone Biology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - T John Martin
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
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75
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Miftakhova R, Hedblom A, Batkiewicz L, Anagnosaki L, Zhang Y, Sjölander A, Wingren AG, Wolgemuth DJ, Persson JL. Cyclin A1 regulates the interactions between mouse haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and their niches. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:1948-60. [PMID: 25785996 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1026513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains poorly understood how the haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) are attracted to their niches and the functional consequences of such interaction. In the present study, we show that the cell cycle regulator cyclin A1 in association with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), is required for HSPC and their niches to maintain their function and proper interaction. In the absence of cyclin A1, the HSPC in the BM are increased in their frequency and display an increased migratory and homing ability. Concomitantly, the ability of the endosteal and central BM niche zones to attract and home the wild-type HSPC is significantly reduced in cyclin A1-null mice as compared to the wild-type controls. The impaired proliferation and homing of HSPC in the BM of cyclin A1-null mice are attributed to the increased density of microvessels in the endosteal and central BM niche zones, which is associated with the increased VEGFR1 expression. Thus, modulation of cyclin A1 and VEGFR1 in HSPC and their niches may provide new insights into therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Miftakhova
- a Division of Experimental Cancer Research; Department of Translational Medicine; Clinical Research Center; Lund University ; Malmö , Sweden
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76
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Belotti D, Capelli C, Resovi A, Introna M, Taraboletti G. Thrombospondin-1 promotes mesenchymal stromal cell functions via TGFβ and in cooperation with PDGF. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:106-116. [PMID: 26992552 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are characterized by unique tropism for wounded tissues, high differentiating capacity, ability to induce tissue repair, and anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. This has generated interest in their therapeutic use in severe human conditions as well as in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Identification of factors involved in the regulation of MSC proliferation, migration and differentiation could provide insights into the pathophysiological regulation of MSC and be exploited to optimize clinical grade expansion protocols for therapeutic use. Here we identify thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) as a major regulator of MSC. TSP-1 induced MSC proliferation. This effect was mediated by TSP-1-induced activation of endogenous TGFβ, as shown by the inhibitory effects of anti-TGFβ antibodies and by the lack of activity of TSP-2 - that does not activate TGFβ. Moreover, TSP-1 strongly potentiated the proliferative and migratory activity of PDGF on MSC. TSP-1 directly bound to PDGF, through a site located within the TSP-1 type III repeats, and protected the growth factor from degradation by MSC-derived proteases, hence increasing its stability and bioavailability. The studies presented here identify a more comprehensive picture of the pleiotropic effect of TSP-1 on MSC behavior, setting the basis for further studies aimed at investigating the possible use of PDGF and TSP-1 in the in vitro expansion of MSC for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Belotti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- USS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", USC Haematology, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Resovi
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- USS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", USC Haematology, ASST Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Giulia Taraboletti
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Department of Oncology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy.
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Abstract
Gata2 is a zinc finger transcription factor that is important in hematopoiesis and neuronal development. However, the roles of Gata2 in the mesenchymal lineages are poorly understood. In vitro studies suggest that Gata2 modulates adipocyte differentiation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation. To systematically determine the in vivo functions of Gata2 in the MSC lineage commitment and development, we have generated three mouse models in which Gata2 is specifically deleted in MSCs, adipocytes, or osteoblasts. During the MSC expansion stage, Gata2 promotes proliferation and attenuates differentiation; thereby Gata2 loss in MSCs results in enhanced differentiation of both adipocytes and osteoblasts. During the differentiation stage, Gata2 also plays MSC-independent roles to impede lineage commitment; hence, Gata2 loss in adipocyte or osteoblast lineages also augments adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis, respectively. These findings reveal Gata2 as a crucial rheostat of MSC fate to control osteoblast and adipocyte lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Marjo Salminen
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology (X.L., H.H., H.Z., Y.W.), The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Veterinary Biosciences (M.S.), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Correia CR, Pirraco RP, Cerqueira MT, Marques AP, Reis RL, Mano JF. Semipermeable Capsules Wrapping a Multifunctional and Self-regulated Co-culture Microenvironment for Osteogenic Differentiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21883. [PMID: 26905619 PMCID: PMC4764811 DOI: 10.1038/srep21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A new concept of semipermeable reservoirs containing co-cultures of cells and supporting microparticles is presented, inspired by the multi-phenotypic cellular environment of bone. Based on the deconstruction of the "stem cell niche", the developed capsules are designed to drive a self-regulated osteogenesis. PLLA microparticles functionalized with collagen I, and a co-culture of adipose stem (ASCs) and endothelial (ECs) cells are immobilized in spherical liquified capsules. The capsules are coated with multilayers of poly(L-lysine), alginate, and chitosan nano-assembled through layer-by-layer. Capsules encapsulating ASCs alone or in a co-culture with ECs are cultured in endothelial medium with or without osteogenic differentiation factors. Results show that osteogenesis is enhanced by the co-encapsulation, which occurs even in the absence of differentiation factors. These findings are supported by an increased ALP activity and matrix mineralization, osteopontin detection, and the up regulation of BMP-2, RUNX2 and BSP. The liquified co-capsules also act as a VEGF and BMP-2 cytokines release system. The proposed liquified capsules might be a valuable injectable self-regulated system for bone regeneration employing highly translational cell sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara R Correia
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Mariana T Cerqueira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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79
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Geerman S, Hickson S, Brasser G, Pascutti MF, Nolte MA. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Bone Marrow CD8(+) T Cells from Different Bones Uncovers a Major Contribution of the Bone Marrow in the Vertebrae. Front Immunol 2016; 6:660. [PMID: 26793197 PMCID: PMC4710685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) plays an important role in the long-term maintenance of memory T cells. Yet, BM is found in numerous bones throughout the body, which are not equal in structure, as they differ in their ratio of cortical and trabecular bone. This implies that BM cells within different bones are subjected to different microenvironments, possibly leading to differences in their frequencies and function. To address this, we examined BM from murine tibia, femur, pelvis, sternum, radius, humerus, calvarium, and the vertebrae and analyzed the presence of effector memory (TEM), central memory (TCM), and naïve (TNV) CD8(+) T cells. During steady-state conditions, the frequency of the total CD8(+) T cell population was comparable between all bones. Interestingly, most CD8(+) T cells were located in the vertebrae, as it contained the highest amount of BM cells. Furthermore, the frequencies of TEM, TCM, and TNV cells were similar between all bones, with a majority of TNV cells. Additionally, CD8(+) T cells collected from different bones similarly expressed the key survival receptors IL-7Rα and IL-15Rβ. We also examined BM for memory CD8(+) T cells with a tissue-resident memory phenotype and observed that approximately half of all TEM cells expressed the retention marker CD69. Remarkably, in the memory phase of acute infection with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), we found a massive compositional change in the BM CD8(+) T cell population, as the TEM cells became the dominant subset at the cost of TNV cells. Analysis of Ki-67 expression established that these TEM cells were in a quiescent state. Finally, we detected higher frequencies of LCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells in BM compared to spleen and found that BM in its entirety contained fivefold more LCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, although infection with LCMV caused a dramatic change in the BM CD8(+) T cell population, this did not result in noticeable differences between BM collected from different bones. Our findings suggest that in respect to CD8(+) T cells, BM harvested from a single bone is a fair reflection of the rest of the BM present in the murine body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulima Geerman
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Hickson
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giso Brasser
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Fernanda Pascutti
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn A Nolte
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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80
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81
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Functional inhibition of mesenchymal stromal cells in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2015; 30:683-91. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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82
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Wang N, Reeves KJ, Brown HK, Fowles ACM, Docherty FE, Ottewell PD, Croucher PI, Holen I, Eaton CL. The frequency of osteolytic bone metastasis is determined by conditions of the soil, not the number of seeds; evidence from in vivo models of breast and prostate cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:124. [PMID: 26480944 PMCID: PMC4615337 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While both preclinical and clinical studies suggest that the frequency of growing skeletal metastases is elevated in individuals with higher bone turnover, it is unclear whether this is a result of increased numbers of tumour cells arriving in active sites or of higher numbers of tumour cells being induced to divide by the bone micro-environment. Here we have investigated how the differences in bone turnover affect seeding of tumour cells and/or development of overt osteolytic bone metastasis using in vivo models of hormone-independent breast and prostate cancer. METHODS Cohorts of 6 (young) and 16 (mature)-week old BALB/c nude mice were culled 1, 7 and 21 days after received intracardiac injection of luciferase expressing human prostate (PC3) or breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines labelled with a fluorescent cell membrane dye (Vybrant DiD). The presence of growing bone metastases was determined by bioluminescence using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and followed by anatomical confirmation of tumour metastatic sites post mortem, while the presence of individual fluorescently labelled tumour cells was evaluated using two-photon microscopy ex vivo. The bone remodelling activities were compared between young and mature naïve mice (both male and female) using micro-CT analysis, ELISA and bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Both prostate and breast cancer cells generated higher numbers of overt skeletal lesions in young mice (~80%) than in mature mice (~20%). Although mature mice presented with fewer overt bone metastases, the number of tumour cells arriving/colonizing in the tibias was comparable between young and mature animals. Young naïve mice had lower bone volume but higher bone formation and resorption activities compared to mature animals. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that higher frequencies of growing osteolytic skeletal metastases in these models are linked to increased bone turnover and not to the initial number of tumour cells entering the bone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Kimberley J Reeves
- Break Through Breast Cancer Research Unit, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Hannah K Brown
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Anne C M Fowles
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Freyja E Docherty
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Penelope D Ottewell
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Peter I Croucher
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Ingunn Holen
- Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Colby L Eaton
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
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83
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Shahriyari L, Komarova NL. The role of the bi-compartmental stem cell niche in delaying cancer. Phys Biol 2015; 12:055001. [PMID: 26228740 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/5/055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, by using modern imaging techniques, scientists have found evidence of collaboration between different types of stem cells (SCs), and proposed a bi-compartmental organization of the SC niche. Here we create a class of stochastic models to simulate the dynamics of such a heterogeneous SC niche. We consider two SC groups: the border compartment, S1, is in direct contact with transit-amplifying (TA) cells, and the central compartment, S2, is hierarchically upstream from S1. The S1 SCs differentiate or divide asymmetrically when the tissue needs TA cells. Both groups proliferate when the tissue requires SCs (thus maintaining homeostasis). There is an influx of S2 cells into the border compartment, either by migration, or by proliferation. We examine this model in the context of double-hit mutant generation, which is a rate-limiting step in the development of many cancers. We discover that this type of a cooperative pattern in the stem niche with two compartments leads to a significantly smaller rate of double-hit mutant production compared with a homogeneous, one-compartmental SC niche. Furthermore, the minimum probability of double-hit mutant generation corresponds to purely symmetric division of SCs, consistent with the literature. Finally, the optimal architecture (which minimizes the rate of double-hit mutant production) requires a large proliferation rate of S1 cells along with a small, but non-zero, proliferation rate of S2 cells. This result is remarkably similar to the niche structure described recently by several authors, where one of the two SC compartments was found more actively engaged in tissue homeostasis and turnover, while the other was characterized by higher levels of quiescence (but contributed strongly to injury recovery). Both numerical and analytical results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Shahriyari
- Mathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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84
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Tsimbouri PM. Adult Stem Cell Responses to Nanostimuli. J Funct Biomater 2015; 6:598-622. [PMID: 26193326 PMCID: PMC4598673 DOI: 10.3390/jfb6030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found in different tissues in the body, residing in stem cell microenvironments called "stem cell niches". They play different roles but their main activity is to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair throughout the lifetime of an organism. Their ability to differentiate into different cell types makes them an ideal tool to study tissue development and to use them in cell-based therapies. This differentiation process is subject to both internal and external forces at the nanoscale level and this response of stem cells to nanostimuli is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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85
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Omatsu Y, Nagasawa T. The critical and specific transcriptional regulator of the microenvironmental niche for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Curr Opin Hematol 2015; 22:330-6. [PMID: 26049754 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW It has been assumed that the special microenvironments known as niches in the marrow play an essential role in maintaining hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and the identity of the HSPC niche has been a subject of long-standing debate. Recent studies identified cells, which create microenvironments meeting the criteria for HSPC niches and the critical transcriptional regulators of their development and maintenance. RECENT FINDINGS Osterix as well as Ebf2 and Bmi1 are critical but not specific transcriptional regulators of HSPC niche development. The transcription factor Foxc1 is expressed preferentially in a population of adipo-osteogenic progenitors, termed CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells, which create HSPC niches and are largely equivalent to stem cell factor and Lepr-expressing cells, in developing and adult bone marrow. Foxc1 is essential for CAR cell development and maintenance of bone marrow niches for HSPCs upregulating CXCL12 and SCF expression and inhibition of adipogenic processes in CAR cell progenitors. SUMMARY Foxc1 is the first critical and specific transcriptional regulator that is required for development and maintenance of cells creating HSPC niches, including a specialized population of adipo-osteogenic progenitors in bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Omatsu
- aDepartment of Immunobiology and Hematology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University bJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Kyoto, Japan
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86
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Ødum N. Haematopoietic stem cells and their niches. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:3524-5. [PMID: 26125995 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1063299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Ødum
- a Department of Immunology and Microbiology ; Copenhagen University ; Copenhagen , Denmark
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87
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Zhou Y, He Y, Sharma R, Xing W, Estwick SA, Wu X, Rhodes SD, Xu M, Yang FC. Hyperactive RAS/PI3-K/MAPK Signaling Cascade in Migration and Adhesion of Nf1 Haploinsufficient Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:12345-59. [PMID: 26039236 PMCID: PMC4490447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160612345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene, which affect approximately 1 out of 3000 individuals. Patients with NF1 suffer from a range of malignant and nonmalignant manifestations such as plexiform neurofibromas and skeletal abnormalities. We previously demonstrated that Nf1 haploinsufficiency in mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSPCs) results in impaired osteoblastic differentiation, which may be associated with the skeletal manifestations in NF1 patients. Here we sought to further ascertain the role of Nf1 in modulating the migration and adhesion of MSPCs of the Nf1 haploinsufficient (Nf1+/−) mice. Nf1+/− MSPCs demonstrated increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, increased migration, and increased actin polymerization as compared to wild-type (WT) MSPCs. Additionally, Nf1+/− MSPCs were noted to have significantly enhanced cell adhesion to fibronectin with selective affinity for CH271 with an overexpression of its complimentary receptor, CD49e. Nf1+/− MSPCs also showed hyperactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways when compared to WT MSPCs, which were both significantly reduced in the presence of their pharmacologic inhibitors, LY294002 and PD0325901, respectively. Collectively, our study suggests that both PI3-K and MAPK signaling pathways play a significant role in enhanced migration and adhesion of Nf1 haploinsufficient MSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Yongzheng He
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Richa Sharma
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Wen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Selina A Estwick
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Steven D Rhodes
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Mingjiang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Feng-Chun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Remoli C, Michienzi S, Sacchetti B, Consiglio AD, Cersosimo S, Spica E, Robey PG, Holmbeck K, Cumano A, Boyde A, Davis G, Saggio I, Riminucci M, Bianco P. Osteoblast-specific expression of the fibrous dysplasia (FD)-causing mutation Gsα(R201C) produces a high bone mass phenotype but does not reproduce FD in the mouse. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1030-43. [PMID: 25487351 PMCID: PMC5526456 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the generation and initial characterization of the first direct model of human fibrous dysplasia (FD; OMIM #174800), obtained through the constitutive systemic expression of one of the disease-causing mutations, Gsα(R201C) , in the mouse. To define the specific pathogenetic role(s) of individual cell types within the stromal/osteogenic system in FD, we generated mice expressing Gsα(R201C) selectively in mature osteoblasts using the 2.3kb Col1a1 promoter. We show here that this results in a striking high bone mass phenotype but not in a mimicry of human FD. The high bone mass phenotype involves specifically a deforming excess of cortical bone and prolonged and ectopic cortical bone remodeling. Expression of genes characteristic of late stages of bone cell differentiation/maturation is profoundly altered as a result of expression of Gsα(R201C) in osteoblasts, and expression of the Wnt inhibitor Sost is reduced. Although high bone mass is, in fact, a feature of some types/stages of FD lesions in humans, it is marrow fibrosis, localized loss of adipocytes and hematopoietic tissue, osteomalacia, and osteolytic changes that together represent the characteristic pathological profile of FD, as well as the sources of specific morbidity. None of these features are reproduced in mice with osteoblast-specific expression of Gsα(R201C) . We further show that hematopoietic progenitor/stem cells, as well as more mature cell compartments, and adipocyte development are normal in these mice. These data demonstrate that effects of Gsα mutations underpinning FD-defining tissue changes and morbidity do not reflect the effects of the mutations on osteoblasts proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Remoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Michienzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Cersosimo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Spica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenn Holmbeck
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ana Cumano
- Lymphopoiesis Unit, INSERM, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Alan Boyde
- Dental Physical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham Davis
- Dental Physical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Isabella Saggio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, and IBPM CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) reside in the postnatal bone marrow and give rise to cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma and marrow adipocytes in defined in vivo assays. These lineages emerge in a specific sequence during embryonic development and post natal growth, and together comprise a continuous anatomical system, the bone-bone marrow organ. SSCs conjoin skeletal and hematopoietic physiology, and are a tool for understanding and ameliorating skeletal and hematopoietic disorders. Here and in the accompanying poster, we concisely discuss the biology of SSCs in the context of the development and postnatal physiology of skeletal lineages, to which their use in medicine must remain anchored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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90
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Comparative investigation of human amniotic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells for application in bone tissue engineering. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:565732. [PMID: 25834575 PMCID: PMC4365333 DOI: 10.1155/2015/565732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) as a promising source of progenitor cells in regenerative medicine and bone tissue engineering. However, investigations comparing the regenerative properties of AECs with other sources of stem cells are particularly needed before the feasibility of AECs in bone tissue engineering can be determined. This study aimed to compare human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), and human amniotic fluid derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) in terms of their morphology, proliferation, immunophenotype profile, and osteogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Not only greatly distinguished by cell morphology and proliferation, hAECs, hAFMSCs, and hBMSCs exhibited remarkably different signature regarding immunophenotypical profile. Microarray analysis revealed a different expression profile of genes involved in ossification along the three cell sources, highlighting the impact of different anatomical origin and molecular response to osteogenic induction on the final tissue-forming potential. Furthermore, our data indicated a potential role of FOXC2 in early osteogenic commitment.
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91
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Mashinchian O, Turner LA, Dalby MJ, Laurent S, Shokrgozar MA, Bonakdar S, Imani M, Mahmoudi M. Regulation of stem cell fate by nanomaterial substrates. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:829-47. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are increasingly studied because of their potential to underpin a range of novel therapies, including regenerative strategies, cell type-specific therapy and tissue repair, among others. Bionanomaterials can mimic the stem cell environment and modulate stem cell differentiation and proliferation. New advances in these fields are presented in this review. This work highlights the importance of topography and elasticity of the nano-/micro-environment, or niche, for the initiation and induction of stem cell differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Mashinchian
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine (SATiM), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14177–55469, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lesley-Anne Turner
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Joseph Black Building, Institute of Biomedical & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic & Biomedical Chemistry, NMR & Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue Maistriau 19, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
- CMMI – Center for Microscopy & Molecular Imaging, Rue Adrienne Bolland, 8, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | | | - Shahin Bonakdar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, PO Box 13169–43551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Imani
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Department, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute (IPPI), PO Box 14965/115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Nanotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155–6451, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305–5101, USA
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92
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Sworder BJ, Yoshizawa S, Mishra PJ, Cherman N, Kuznetsov SA, Merlino G, Balakumaran A, Robey PG. Molecular profile of clonal strains of human skeletal stem/progenitor cells with different potencies. Stem Cell Res 2015; 14:297-306. [PMID: 25814434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are fibroblastic reticular cells, a subset of which is composed of multipotent skeletal stem cells (SSCs). SSCs/BMSCs are able to recreate a bone/marrow organ in vivo. To determine differences between clonogenic multipotent SSCs and similarly clonogenic but non-multipotent BMSCs, we established single colony-derived strains (SCDSs, initiated by individual Colony Forming Unit-Fibroblasts) and determined their differentiation capacity by vivo transplantation. In this series of human SCDSs (N=24), 20.8% formed fibrous tissue (F), 66.7% formed bone (B), and 12.5% formed a bone/marrow organ, and thus were multipotent (M). RNA isolated from 12 SCDSs just prior to transplantation was analyzed by microarray. Although highly similar, there was variability from one SCDS to another, and SCDSs did not strictly segregate into the three functional groups (F, B or M) by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. We then compared 3 F-SCDSs to 3 M-SCDSs that did segregate. Genes associated with skeletogenesis, osteoblastogeneis, hematopoiesis, and extracellular matrix were over-represented in M-SCDSs compared with F-SCDSs. These results highlight the heterogeneity of SSCs/BMSCs, even between functionally similar SCDSs, but also indicate that differences can be detected that may shed light on the character of the SSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sworder
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sayuri Yoshizawa
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Prasun J Mishra
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natasha Cherman
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sergei A Kuznetsov
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Glenn Merlino
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arun Balakumaran
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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93
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Klein G, Schmal O, Aicher WK. Matrix metalloproteinases in stem cell mobilization. Matrix Biol 2015; 44-46:175-83. [PMID: 25617493 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the capability to migrate back and forth between their preferred microenvironment in bone marrow niches and the peripheral blood, but under steady-state conditions only a marginal number of stem cells can be found in the circulation. Different mobilizing agents, however, which create a highly proteolytic milieu in the bone marrow, can drastically increase the number of circulating HSCs. Among other proteases secreted and membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be involved in the induced mobilization process and can digest niche-specific extracellular matrix components and cytokines responsible for stem cell retention to the niches. Iatrogenic stem cell mobilization and stem cell homing to their niches are clinically employed on a routine basis, although the exact mechanisms of both processes are still not fully understood. In this review we provide an overview on the various roles of MMPs in the induced release of HSCs from the bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Klein
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Olga Schmal
- Center for Medical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Section for Transplantation Immunology and Immunohematology, University of Tübingen, Germany
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94
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Chan CKF, Seo EY, Chen JY, Lo D, McArdle A, Sinha R, Tevlin R, Seita J, Vincent-Tompkins J, Wearda T, Lu WJ, Senarath-Yapa K, Chung MT, Marecic O, Tran M, Yan KS, Upton R, Walmsley GG, Lee AS, Sahoo D, Kuo CJ, Weissman IL, Longaker MT. Identification and specification of the mouse skeletal stem cell. Cell 2015; 160:285-98. [PMID: 25594184 PMCID: PMC4297645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
How are skeletal tissues derived from skeletal stem cells? Here, we map bone, cartilage, and stromal development from a population of highly pure, postnatal skeletal stem cells (mouse skeletal stem cells, mSSCs) to their downstream progenitors of bone, cartilage, and stromal tissue. We then investigated the transcriptome of the stem/progenitor cells for unique gene-expression patterns that would indicate potential regulators of mSSC lineage commitment. We demonstrate that mSSC niche factors can be potent inducers of osteogenesis, and several specific combinations of recombinant mSSC niche factors can activate mSSC genetic programs in situ, even in nonskeletal tissues, resulting in de novo formation of cartilage or bone and bone marrow stroma. Inducing mSSC formation with soluble factors and subsequently regulating the mSSC niche to specify its differentiation toward bone, cartilage, or stromal cells could represent a paradigm shift in the therapeutic regeneration of skeletal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles K F Chan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Eun Young Seo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Y Chen
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Lo
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adrian McArdle
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruth Tevlin
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jun Seita
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Justin Vincent-Tompkins
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Taylor Wearda
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wan-Jin Lu
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Michael T Chung
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Owen Marecic
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Misha Tran
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kelley S Yan
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rosalynd Upton
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrew S Lee
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Departments of Pathology and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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95
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Abstract
Bone physiology and stem cells were tightly intertwined with one another, both conceptually and experimentally, long before the current explosion of interest in stem cells and so-called regenerative medicine. Bone is home to the two best known and best characterized systems of postnatal stem cells, and it is the only organ in which two stem cells and their dependent lineages coordinate the overall adaptive responses of two major physiological systems. All along, the nature and the evolutionary significance of the interplay of bone and hematopoiesis have remained a major scientific challenge, but also allowed for some of the most spectacular developments in cell biology-based medicine, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This question recurs in novel forms at multiple turning points over time: today, it finds in the biology of the "niche" its popular phrasing. Entirely new avenues of investigation emerge as a new view of bone in physiology and medicine is progressively established. Looking at bone and stem cells in a historical perspective provides a unique case study to highlight the general evolution of science in biomedicine since the end of World War II to the present day. A paradigm shift in science and in its relation to society and policies occurred in the second half of the XXth century, with major implications thereof for health, industry, drug development, market and society. Current interest in stem cells in bone as in other fields is intertwined with that shift. New opportunities and also new challenges arise. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Stem cells and bone".
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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96
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Riminucci M, Remoli C, Robey PG, Bianco P. Stem cells and bone diseases: new tools, new perspective. Bone 2015; 70:55-61. [PMID: 25240458 PMCID: PMC5524373 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal skeletal stem cells are a unique class of progenitors with biological properties that extend well beyond the limits of stemness as commonly defined. Skeletal stem cells sustain skeletal tissue homeostasis, organize and maintain the complex architectural structure of the bone marrow microenvironment and provide a niche for hematopoietic progenitor cells. The identification of stem cells in the human post-natal skeleton has profoundly changed our approach to the physiology and pathology of this system. Skeletal diseases have been long interpreted essentially in terms of defective function of differentiated cells and/or abnormal turnover of the matrix that they produce. The notion of a skeletal stem cell has brought forth multiple, novel concepts in skeletal biology that provide potential alternative concepts. At the same time, the recognition of the complex functions played by skeletal progenitors, such as the structural and functional organization of the bone marrow, has provided an innovative, unifying perspective for understanding bone and bone marrow changes simultaneously occurring in many disorders. Finally, the possibility to isolate and highly enrich for skeletal progenitors, enables us to reproduce perfectly normal or pathological organ miniatures. These, in turn, provide suitable models to investigate and manipulate the pathogenetic mechanisms of many genetic and non-genetic skeletal diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Stem cells and Bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristina Remoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela G Robey
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Craniofacial and Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paolo Bianco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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97
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Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP, Adams RH. Regulation of tissue morphogenesis by endothelial cell-derived signals. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:148-57. [PMID: 25529933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form an extensive network of blood vessels that has numerous essential functions in the vertebrate body. In addition to their well-established role as a versatile transport network, blood vessels can induce organ formation or direct growth and differentiation processes by providing signals in a paracrine (angiocrine) fashion. Tissue repair also requires the local restoration of vasculature. ECs are emerging as important signaling centers that coordinate regeneration and help to prevent deregulated, disease-promoting processes. Vascular cells are also part of stem cell niches and have key roles in hematopoiesis, bone formation, and neurogenesis. Here, we review these newly identified roles of ECs in the regulation of organ morphogenesis, maintenance, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana K Ramasamy
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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98
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Wang N, Docherty FE, Brown HK, Reeves KJ, Fowles ACM, Ottewell PD, Dear TN, Holen I, Croucher PI, Eaton CL. Prostate cancer cells preferentially home to osteoblast-rich areas in the early stages of bone metastasis: evidence from in vivo models. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:2688-96. [PMID: 24956445 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that metastasis-initiating cells gain a foothold in bone by homing to a metastastatic microenvironment (or "niche"). Whereas the precise nature of this niche remains to be established, it is likely to contain bone cell populations including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In the mouse tibia, the distribution of osteoblasts on endocortical bone surfaces is non-uniform, and we hypothesize that studying co-localization of individual tumor cells with resident cell populations will reveal the identity of critical cellular components of the niche. In this study, we have mapped the distribution of three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3-NW1, LN-CaP, and C4 2B4) colonizing the tibiae of athymic mice following intracardiac injection and evaluated their interaction with potential metastatic niches. Prostate cancer cells labeled with the fluorescent cell membrane dye (Vybrant DiD) were found by two-photon microscopy to be engrafted in the tibiae in close proximity (∼40 µm) to bone surfaces and 70% more cancer cells were detected in the lateral compared to the medial endocortical bone regions. This was associated with a 5-fold higher number of osteoblasts and 7-fold higher bone formation rate on the lateral endocortical bone surface compared to the medial side. By disrupting cellular interactions mediated by the chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4)/chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) axis with the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100, the preferential homing pattern of prostate cancer cells to osteoblast-rich bone surfaces was disrupted. In this study, we map the location of prostate cancer cells that home to endocortical regions in bone and our data demonstrate that homing of prostate cancer cells is associated with the presence and activity of osteoblast lineage cells, and suggest that therapies targeting osteoblast niches should be considered to prevent development of incurable prostate cancer bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Department of Human Metabolism, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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99
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Toscani D, Bolzoni M, Accardi F, Aversa F, Giuliani N. The osteoblastic niche in the context of multiple myeloma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1335:45-62. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Toscani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Marina Bolzoni
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Fabrizio Accardi
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Franco Aversa
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
| | - Nicola Giuliani
- Myeloma Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine; University of Parma; Parma Italy
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100
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McMurray RJ, Dalby MJ, Tsimbouri PM. Using biomaterials to study stem cell mechanotransduction, growth and differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 9:528-39. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. McMurray
- Mrksich Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; Evanston IL USA
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology; University of Glasgow; UK
| | - P. Monica Tsimbouri
- Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology; University of Glasgow; UK
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