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Wang J, Yao J, Liu Y, Huang L. Targeting the gasdermin D as a strategy for ischemic stroke therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114585. [PMID: 33930348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and disability worldwide that triggers a variety of neuropathological conditions, leading to the initiation of several pro-inflammatory mediators and neuronal damage. Neuroinflammation has been considered the potential therapeutic target and contributes to the pathology of ischemia and reperfusion. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in immune protection against stroke. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is the final executor of pyroptosis upon cleavage by caspases-1/4/5/11, followed by canonical and noncanonical inflammasome activation, leading to a series of inflammatory responses. GSDMD N-terminal domain assembles plasma membrane as well as organelle membrane pores to induce cytolysis, thereby triggering cytokine release and inflammatory-related cell death. In our review, we concisely summarized and highlighted the potential role of GSDMD-regulated pyroptosis and the biological characteristic of GSDMD as a therapeutic target in ischemic stroke. A better understanding of the roles of GSDMD may provide a theoretical basis for the design of novel therapeutic interventions for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Wang
- Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China.
| | - Jiali Yao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yugang Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Lihuili Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, China
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52
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Liu X, Xia S, Zhang Z, Wu H, Lieberman J. Channelling inflammation: gasdermins in physiology and disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:384-405. [PMID: 33692549 PMCID: PMC7944254 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Gasdermins were recently identified as the mediators of pyroptosis — inflammatory cell death triggered by cytosolic sensing of invasive infection and danger signals. Upon activation, gasdermins form cell membrane pores, which release pro-inflammatory cytokines and alarmins and damage the integrity of the cell membrane. Roles for gasdermins in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases, deafness and cancer are emerging, revealing potential novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review current knowledge of the family of gasdermins, focusing on their mechanisms of action and roles in normal physiology and disease. Efforts to develop drugs to modulate gasdermin activity to reduce inflammation or activate more potent immune responses are highlighted. Gasdermins (GSDMs) are a recently characterized protein family that mediate a programmed inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. Here, Lieberman and colleagues review current understanding of the expression, activation and regulation of GSDMs, highlighting their roles in cell death, cytokine secretion and inflammation. Emerging opportunities to develop GSDM-targeted drugs and the associated challenges are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Judy Lieberman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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53
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Wang M, Chen X, Zhang Y. Biological Functions of Gasdermins in Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:638710. [PMID: 33634141 PMCID: PMC7901903 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.638710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a type of lytic programmed cell death triggered by various inflammasomes that sense danger signals. Pyroptosis has recently attracted great attention owing to its contributory role in cancer. Pyroptosis plays an important role in cancer progression by inducing cancer cell death or eliciting anticancer immunity. The participation of gasdermins (GSDMs) in pyroptosis is a noteworthy recent discovery. GSDMs have emerged as a group of pore-forming proteins that serve important roles in innate immunity and are composed of GSDMA-E and Pejvakin (PJVK) in human. The N-terminal domains of GSDMs, expect PJVK, can form pores on the cell membrane and function as effector proteins of pyroptosis. Remarkably, it has been found that GSDMs are abnormally expressed in several forms of cancers. Moreover, GSDMs are involved in cancer cell growth, invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. Additionally, increasing evidence has indicated an association between GSDMs and clinicopathological features in cancer patients. These findings suggest the feasibility of using GSDMs as prospective biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and prognosis. Here, we review the progress in unveiling the characteristics and biological functions of GSDMs. We also focus on the implication and molecular mechanisms of GSDMs in cancer pathogenesis. Investigating the relationship between GSDMs and cancer biology could assist us to explore new therapeutic avenues for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinzhe Chen
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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54
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Singh PK, Bohr SSR, Hatzakis NS. Direct Observation of Sophorolipid Micelle Docking in Model Membranes and Cells by Single Particle Studies Reveals Optimal Fusion Conditions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1291. [PMID: 32906821 PMCID: PMC7564020 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are naturally produced glycolipids that acts as drug delivery for a spectrum of biomedical applications, including as an antibacterial antifungal and anticancer agent, where they induce apoptosis selectively in cancerous cells. Despite their utility, the mechanisms underlying their membrane interactions, and consequently cell entry, remains unknown. Here, we combined a single liposome assay to observe directly and quantify the kinetics of interaction of SL micelles with model membrane systems, and single particle studies on live cells to record their interaction with cell membranes and their cytotoxicity. Our single particle readouts revealed several repetitive docking events on individual liposomes and quantified how pH and membrane charges, which are known to vary in cancer cells, affect the docking of SL micelles on model membranes. Docking of sophorolipids micelles was found to be optimal at pH 6.5 and for membranes with -5% negatively charge lipids. Single particle studies on mammalian cells reveled a two-fold increased interaction on Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. This is in line with our cell viability readouts recording an approximate two-fold increased cytotoxicity by SLs interactions for Hela cells as compared to HEK-293 cells. The combined in vitro and cell assays thus support the increased cytotoxicity of SLs on cancer cells to originate from optimal charge and pH interactions between membranes and SL assemblies. We anticipate studies combining quantitative single particle studies on model membranes and live cell may reveal hitherto unknown molecular insights on the interactions of sophorolipid and additional nanocarriers mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Søren S-R Bohr
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikos S Hatzakis
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, C 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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55
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Xia S. Biological mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of the gasdermin family. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 76:100890. [PMID: 32800355 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate immunity enables host defense against pathogens and endogenous danger through inflammasomes, which are supramolecular complexes that recognize the threats and activate the immune response. Inflammasome activation often leads to pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory and lytic form of cell death, as a means of killing infected cells and releasing IL-1 family cytokines that communicate with other cells. Dysregulated inflammasome signaling results in a wide range of immune disorders including gout, sepsis, and hepatitis. Discovered as a direct killer molecule in pyroptosis, gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a pore-forming protein that represents a novel family with diverse cellular functions and pathological roles. This review summarizes current opinions in the biological mechanisms and therapeutic values of the GSDM family, particularly of GSDMD. Detailed mechanisms of auto-inhibition and pore formation by the GSDM family are presented, followed by a brief summary of the progress in the development of GSDM-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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56
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Li ST, Suen WJ, Kao CH, Yang MK, Yang LT. Gasdermin A3-Mediated Cell Death Causes Niche Collapse and Precocious Activation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2117-2128. [PMID: 32302611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicles undergo recurrent growth, regression, and resting phases throughout postnatal life, which is supported by hair follicle stem cells. The niche components of hair follicle stem cells are important to maintain their quiescence and stemness. Gsdma3 gain-of-function mutations in mice cause chronic skin inflammation, aberrant hair cycle, and progressive hair loss, reminiscent of scarring alopecia in humans. However, the mechanism underlying these defects remains elusive. Here, we used a combined Cre/loxP and rtTA/TRE system to study the spatiotemporal effect of Gsdma3 overexpression on distinct hair cycle stages. We found that Gsdma3-mediated cell death affects anagen initiation, anagen progression, and catagen-telogen transition. Induced Gsdma3 expression causes bulge inner layer collapse and precocious hair follicle stem cell activation, leading to subsequent hair follicle degeneration. Although macrophages and dendritic cells are recruited to the bulge region, in vivo depletion of these cells using a neutralizing antibody does not alleviate cell death in the bulge or hair germ, indicating that macrophages are less likely to cause immediate hair follicle deletion. Our data suggest that dysregulated Gsdma3 causes bulge inner layer necrosis to induce club hair shedding and immediate anagen reentry without going through telogen morphology, which implicates a role for Gsdma3 in hair follicle stem cell niche maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ting Li
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jeng Suen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Heng Kao
- Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Kai Yang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Liang-Tung Yang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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57
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Gasdermin family: a promising therapeutic target for cancers and inflammation-driven diseases. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:293-301. [PMID: 32236886 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on current advances in researches of gasdermin family. The distinctive expression patterns and biological roles of members in this family were discussed. Most of them exhibit pore-forming activity on cell membranes and are executors for programmed cell death with cytokines release, and play roles in cancers and inflammation-driven diseases. Therefore, they can be used as potential therapeutic targets to treat related diseases.
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58
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Xia S, Hollingsworth LR, Wu H. Mechanism and Regulation of Gasdermin-Mediated Cell Death. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036400. [PMID: 31451512 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system senses and responds to pathogens and endogenous damage through supramolecular protein complexes known as inflammasomes. Cytosolic inflammasome sensor proteins trigger inflammasome assembly on detection of infection and danger. Assembled inflammasomes activate a cascade of inflammatory caspases, which process procytokines and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Cleaved GSDMD forms membrane pores that lead to cytokine release and/or programmed lytic cell death, called pyroptosis. In this review, we provide a primer on pyroptosis and focus on its executioner, the GSDM protein family. In addition to inflammasome-mediated GSDMD pore formation, we describe recently discovered GSDMD activation by caspase-8 and elastase in Yersinia-infected macrophages and aging neutrophils, respectively, and GSDME activation by apoptotic caspases. Finally, we discuss strategies that host cells and pathogens use to restrict GSDMD pore formation, in addition to therapeutics targeting the GSDM family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Louis Robert Hollingsworth
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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59
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Wen S, Wang ZH, Zhang CX, Yang Y, Fan QL. Caspase-3 Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease Through Gasdermin E-Mediated Progression to Secondary Necrosis During Apoptosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:313-323. [PMID: 32104028 PMCID: PMC7020918 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s242136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis has been repeatedly linked with diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is a programmed cell death mediated by effector caspases-3, 6 and 7, targeting >600 substrates. However, the pathophysiologic correlations of this process remain obscure. As a putative tumor suppressor, gasdermin E (GSDME) was recently reported to be cleaved by caspase-3 to produce a GSDME-N fragment which targets the plasma membrane to switch apoptosis to secondary necrosis. However, it remains elusive whether GSDME is involved in the regulation of DKD. METHODS To evaluate the therapeutic potential of caspase-3 inhibition in DKD, we administered caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK to STZ-induced diabetic mice for eight weeks. Albuminuria, renal function, pathological changes, and indicators of secondary necrosis and fibrosis were evaluated. In vitro, human tubule epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were subjected to high-glucose treatment. Secondary necrosis was determined by LDH release, GSDME cleavage, and morphological feature under confocal microscopy. Z-DEVD-FMK and GSDME inhibition by shRNA were administered to suppress the cleavage and expression of GSDME. Flow cytometry, cytotoxicity assay and immunoblot were used to assess cell death and fibrogenesis. RESULTS Caspase-3 inhibition by Z-DEVD-FMK ameliorated albuminuria, renal function, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice. The nephroprotection mediated by Z-DEVD-FMK was potentially associated with inhibition of GSDME. In vitro, molecular and morphological features of secondary necrosis were observed in glucose-stressed HK-2 cells, evidenced by active GSDME cleavage, ballooning of the cell membrane, and release of cellular contents. Here we showed that caspase-3 inhibition prevented GSDME activation and cell death in glucose-treated tubular cells. Specifically, knocking down GSDME directly inhibited secondary necrosis and fibrogenesis. CONCLUSION These data suggest GSDME-dependent secondary necrosis plays a crucial role in renal injury, and provides a new insight into the pathogenesis of DKD and a promising target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wen
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Hua Wang
- Affiliated Dalian Friendship Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong-Xiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qiu-Ling Fan Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing Bei Street, Shenyang110001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13904012680 Email
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Rogers C, Alnemri ES. Gasdermins in Apoptosis: New players in an Old Game. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:603-617. [PMID: 31866776 PMCID: PMC6913812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death (PCD) that plays critical physiological roles in removing superfluous or dangerous cell populations that are unneeded or threatening to the health of the host organism. Although the molecular pathways leading to activation of the apoptotic program have been extensively studied and characterized starting in the 1970s, new evidence suggests that members of the gasdermin superfamily are novel pore-forming proteins that augment apoptosis by permeabilizing the mitochondria and participate in the final stages of the apoptotic program by inducing secondary necrosis/pyroptosis. These findings may explain outstanding questions in the field such as why certain gasdermin members sensitize cells to apoptosis, and why some apoptotic cells also show morphological features of necrosis. Furthermore, the interplay between the gasdermins and apoptosis may also explain why genetic and epigenetic alterations in these genes cause diseases and disorders like cancer and hearing loss. This review focuses on our current understanding of the function of several gasdermin superfamily members, their role in apoptosis, and how they may contribute to pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emad S. Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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Broz P, Pelegrín P, Shao F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2019; 20:143-157. [PMID: 31690840 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 867] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gasdermins are a family of recently identified pore-forming effector proteins that cause membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis, a lytic pro-inflammatory type of cell death. Gasdermins contain a cytotoxic N-terminal domain and a C-terminal repressor domain connected by a flexible linker. Proteolytic cleavage between these two domains releases the intramolecular inhibition on the cytotoxic domain, allowing it to insert into cell membranes and form large oligomeric pores, which disrupts ion homeostasis and induces cell death. Gasdermin-induced pyroptosis plays a prominent role in many hereditary diseases and (auto)inflammatory disorders as well as in cancer. In this Review, we discuss recent developments in gasdermin research with a focus on mechanisms that control gasdermin activation, pore formation and functional consequences of gasdermin-induced membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Broz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital 'Virgen de la Arrixaca', Murcia, Spain.
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Structural Insight of Gasdermin Family Driving Pyroptotic Cell Death. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1172:189-205. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9367-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of gasdermin A (GSDMA), B (GSDMB), C (GSDMC), D (GSDMD), E or DNFA5 (GSDME), and DFNB59 in human. Expressed in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and various immune cells, GSDMs mediate homeostasis and inflammation upon activation by caspases and unknown proteases. In particular, GSDMD is activated by inflammasome-activated caspases-1/-4/-5/-11 as well as a caspase-8-mediated pathway during Yersinia infection. These caspases cleave GSDMD to release its functional N-terminal fragment (GSDMD-NT) from its auto-inhibitory C-terminal fragment (GSDMD-CT). GSDMD-NTs bind to acid lipids in mammalian cell membranes and bacterial membranes, oligomerize, and insert into the membranes to form large transmembrane pores. Consequently, cellular contents including inflammatory cytokines are released and cells can undergo pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory form of cell death. In this chapter, we summarize recent research findings and present experimental procedures to obtain pure recombinant GSDMs for biochemical studies. We highlight a liposome-based assay that yields robust fluorescence signals for characterizing GSDM activities in vitro and may be applicable to other pore-forming proteins and ion channels in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xia
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jianbin Ruan
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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Molina-Crespo Á, Cadete A, Sarrio D, Gámez-Chiachio M, Martinez L, Chao K, Olivera A, Gonella A, Díaz E, Palacios J, Dhal PK, Besev M, Rodríguez-Serrano M, García Bermejo ML, Triviño JC, Cano A, García-Fuentes M, Herzberg O, Torres D, Alonso MJ, Moreno-Bueno G. Intracellular Delivery of an Antibody Targeting Gasdermin-B Reduces HER2 Breast Cancer Aggressiveness. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4846-4858. [PMID: 31064780 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gasdermin B (GSDMB) overexpression/amplification occurs in about 60% of HER2 breast cancers, where it promotes cell migration, resistance to anti-HER2 therapies, and poor clinical outcome. Thus, we tackle GSDMB cytoplasmic overexpression as a new therapeutic target in HER2 breast cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We have developed a new targeted nanomedicine based on hyaluronic acid-biocompatible nanocapsules, which allow the intracellular delivery of a specific anti-GSDMB antibody into HER2 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Using different models of HER2 breast cancer cells, we show that anti-GSDMB antibody loaded to nanocapsules has significant and specific effects on GSDMB-overexpressing cancer cells' behavior in ways such as (i) lowering the in vitro cell migration induced by GSDMB; (ii) enhancing the sensitivity to trastuzumab; (iii) reducing tumor growth by increasing apoptotic rate in orthotopic breast cancer xenografts; and (iv) diminishing lung metastasis in MDA-MB-231-HER2 cells in vivo. Moreover, at a mechanistic level, we have shown that AbGB increases GSDMB binding to sulfatides and consequently decreases migratory cell behavior and may upregulate the potential intrinsic procell death activity of GSDMB. CONCLUSIONS Our findings portray the first evidence of the effectiveness and specificity of an antibody-based nanomedicine that targets an intracellular oncoprotein. We have proved that intracellular-delivered anti-GSDMB reduces diverse protumor GSDMB functions (migration, metastasis, and resistance to therapy) in an efficient and specific way, thus providing a new targeted therapeutic strategy in aggressive HER2 cancers with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Molina-Crespo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cadete
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Sarrio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gámez-Chiachio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kinlin Chao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Ana Olivera
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Andrea Gonella
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, C/Gómez Hemans, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Palacios
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Ctra De Colmenar, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amparo Cano
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos García-Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Osnat Herzberg
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Dolores Torres
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria José Alonso
- Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Avenida de Barcelona s/n, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gema Moreno-Bueno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación MD Anderson Internacional, C/Gómez Hemans, Madrid, Spain
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65
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Rogers C, Erkes DA, Nardone A, Aplin AE, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES. Gasdermin pores permeabilize mitochondria to augment caspase-3 activation during apoptosis and inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1689. [PMID: 30976076 PMCID: PMC6459836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin E (GSDME/DFNA5) cleavage by caspase-3 liberates the GSDME-N domain, which mediates pyroptosis by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here we show that GSDME-N also permeabilizes the mitochondrial membrane, releasing cytochrome c and activating the apoptosome. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation in response to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic stimuli are significantly reduced in GSDME-deficient cells comparing with wild type cells. GSDME deficiency also accelerates cell growth in culture and in a mouse model of melanoma. Phosphomimetic mutation of the highly conserved phosphorylatable Thr6 residue of GSDME, inhibits its pore-forming activity, thus uncovering a potential mechanism by which GSDME might be regulated. Like GSDME-N, inflammasome-generated gasdermin D-N (GSDMD-N), can also permeabilize the mitochondria linking inflammasome activation to downstream activation of the apoptosome. Collectively, our results point to a role of gasdermin proteins in targeting the mitochondria to promote cytochrome c release to augment the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Gasdermins mediate lytic cell death by forming pores in the plasma membrane. Here the authors show that gasdermins also permeabilize mitochondrial membrane, thereby facilitating intrinsic apoptosis pathway, downstream of apoptotic (Gasdermin E) and inflammatory (Gasdermin D) caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Dan A Erkes
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Alexandria Nardone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Teresa Fernandes-Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Ma J, Xu S, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu M, Jin L, Wu M, Qian D, Li X, Zhen Q, Guo H, Gao J, Yang S, Zhang X. Noninvasive analysis of skin proteins in healthy Chinese subjects using an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer. Skin Res Technol 2019; 25:424-433. [PMID: 30657212 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Shuangjun Xu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Yaochi Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Ling Jin
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Mingshun Wu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Danfeng Qian
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Xueying Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Qi Zhen
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological TechnologyAnhui Agricultural University Hefei China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of DermatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education Hefei China
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67
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Feng S, Fox D, Man SM. Mechanisms of Gasdermin Family Members in Inflammasome Signaling and Cell Death. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3068-3080. [PMID: 29990470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Gasdermin (GSDM) family consists of Gasdermin A (GSDMA), Gasdermin B (GSDMB), Gasdermin C (GSDMC), Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Gasdermin E (GSDME) and Pejvakin (PJVK). GSDMD is activated by inflammasome-associated inflammatory caspases. Cleavage of GSDMD by human or mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4, human caspase-5, and mouse caspase-11 liberates the N-terminal effector domain from the C-terminal inhibitory domain. The N-terminal domain oligomerizes in the cell membrane and forms a pore of 10-16 nm in diameter, through which substrates of a smaller diameter, such as interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, are secreted. The increasing abundance of membrane pores ultimately leads to membrane rupture and pyroptosis, releasing the entire cellular content. Other than GSDMD, the N-terminal domain of all GSDMs, with the exception of PJVK, have the ability to form pores. There is evidence to suggest that GSDMB and GSDME are cleaved by apoptotic caspases. Here, we review the mechanistic functions of GSDM proteins with respect to their expression and signaling profile in the cell, with more focused discussions on inflammasome activation and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouya Feng
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Daniel Fox
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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68
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Fuchslocher Chico J, Saggau C, Adam D. Proteolytic control of regulated necrosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2147-2161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Man SM, Karki R, Kanneganti TD. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes in infectious diseases. Immunol Rev 2017; 277:61-75. [PMID: 28462526 PMCID: PMC5416822 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1089] [Impact Index Per Article: 155.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to immune defense against infectious diseases. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death pathway activated by human and mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, or mouse caspase-11. These inflammatory caspases are used by the host to control bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens. Pyroptosis requires cleavage and activation of the pore-forming effector protein gasdermin D by inflammatory caspases. Physical rupture of the cell causes release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, alarmins and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns, signifying the inflammatory potential of pyroptosis. Here, we describe the central role of inflammatory caspases and pyroptosis in mediating immunity to infection and clearance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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70
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'Hints' in the killer protein gasdermin D: unveiling the secrets of gasdermins driving cell death. Cell Death Differ 2017; 24:588-596. [PMID: 28362726 PMCID: PMC5384029 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death distinguished from apoptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, NETosis, oncosis, pyronecrosis and autophagy. Proinflammatory caspases cleave a gasdermin D (GSDMD) protein to generate a 31 kDa N-terminal domain. The cleavage relieves the intramolecular inhibition on the gasdermin-N domain, which then moves to the plasma membrane to exhibit pore-forming activity. Thus, GSDMD acts as the final and direct executor of pyroptotic cell death. Owing to the selective targeting of the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane with the pore-forming that determines pyroptotic cell death, GSDMD could be a potential target to control cell death or extracellular bacterial infections. Intriguingly, other gasdermin family members also share similar N-terminal domains, but they present different cell death programs. Herein, we summarize features and functions of the novel player proteins in cell death, including GSDMD triggering pyroptosis, Gsdma3/GSDMA initiating autophagy/apoptosis and DFNA5 inducing apoptosis/secondary necrosis. The gasdermin N terminus appears to be a novel pore-forming protein. This provides novel insight into the underlying roles and mechanisms of lytic or nonlytic forms of programmed cell death, as well as their potential applications in inflammation-associated diseases.
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71
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Chao KL, Kulakova L, Herzberg O. Gene polymorphism linked to increased asthma and IBD risk alters gasdermin-B structure, a sulfatide and phosphoinositide binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E1128-E1137. [PMID: 28154144 PMCID: PMC5321033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1616783114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact function of human gasdermin-B (GSDMB), which regulates differentiation and growth of epithelial cells, is yet to be elucidated. In human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, GSDMB gene amplification and protein overexpression indicate a poor response to HER2-targeted therapy. Genome-wide association studies revealed a correlation between GSDMB SNPs and an increased susceptibility to Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and asthma. The N- and C-terminal domains of all gasdermins possess lipid-binding and regulatory activities, respectively. Inflammatory caspases cleave gasdermin-D in the interdomain linker but not GSDMB. The cleaved N-terminal domain binds phosphoinositides and cardiolipin, forms membrane-disrupting pores, and executes pyroptosis. We show that both full-length GSDMB and the N-terminal domain bind to nitrocellulose membranes immobilized with phosphoinositides or sulfatide, but not with cardiolipin. In addition, the GSDMB N-terminal domain binds liposomes containing sulfatide. The crystal structure of the GSDMB C-terminal domain reveals the structural impact of the amino acids encoded by SNPs that are linked to asthma and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A loop that carries the polymorphism amino acids corresponding to healthy individuals (Gly299:Pro306) exhibits high conformational flexibility, whereas the loop carrying amino acids found in individuals with increased disease risk (Arg299:Ser306) exhibits a well-defined conformation and higher positive surface charge. Apoptotic executioner caspase-3, -6, and -7, but not the inflammatory caspases, cleave GSDMB at 88DNVD91 within the N-terminal domain. Selective sulfatide binding may indicate possible function for GSDMB in the cellular sulfatide transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinlin L Chao
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Liudmila Kulakova
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Osnat Herzberg
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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72
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Aglietti RA, Dueber EC. Recent Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pyroptosis and Gasdermin Family Functions. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:261-271. [PMID: 28196749 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that not only protects multicellular organisms from invading pathogenic bacteria and microbial infections, but can also lead to sepsis and lethal septic shock if overactivated. Here, we present an overview of recent developments within the pyroptosis field, beginning with the discovery of Gasdermin D (GSDMD) as a substrate of caspase-1 and caspase-11 upon detection of cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cleavage releases the N-terminal domain of GSDMD, causing it to form cytotoxic pores in the plasma membrane of cells. We further discuss the implications for the rest of the gasdermin (GSDM) family, which are emerging as mediators of programmed cell death in a variety of processes that regulate cellular differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Aglietti
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Erin C Dueber
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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73
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Russo HM, Rathkey J, Boyd-Tressler A, Katsnelson MA, Abbott DW, Dubyak GR. Active Caspase-1 Induces Plasma Membrane Pores That Precede Pyroptotic Lysis and Are Blocked by Lanthanides. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:1353-67. [PMID: 27385778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Canonical inflammasome activation induces a caspase-1/gasdermin D (Gsdmd)-dependent lytic cell death called pyroptosis that promotes antimicrobial host defense but may contribute to sepsis. The nature of the caspase-1-dependent change in plasma membrane (PM) permeability during pyroptotic progression remains incompletely defined. We assayed propidium(2+) (Pro(2+)) influx kinetics during NLRP3 or Pyrin inflammasome activation in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as an indicator of this PM permeabilization. BMDMs were characterized by rapid Pro(2+) influx after initiation of NLRP3 or Pyrin inflammasomes by nigericin (NG) or Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB), respectively. No Pro(2+) uptake in response to NG or TcdB was observed in Casp1(-/-) or Asc(-/-) BMDMs. The cytoprotectant glycine profoundly suppressed NG and TcdB-induced lysis but not Pro(2+) influx. The absence of Gsdmd expression resulted in suppression of NG-stimulated Pro(2+) influx and pyroptotic lysis. Extracellular La(3+) and Gd(3+) rapidly and reversibly blocked the induced Pro(2+) influx and markedly delayed pyroptotic lysis without limiting upstream inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation. Thus, caspase-1-driven pyroptosis requires induction of initial prelytic pores in the PM that are dependent on Gsdmd expression. These PM pores also facilitated the efflux of cytosolic ATP and influx of extracellular Ca(2+) Although lanthanides and Gsdmd deletion both suppressed PM pore activity and pyroptotic lysis, robust IL-1β release was observed in lanthanide-treated BMDMs but not in Gsdmd-deficient cells. This suggests roles for Gsdmd in both passive IL-1β release secondary to pyroptotic lysis and in nonlytic/nonclassical IL-1β export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Russo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Joseph Rathkey
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Andrea Boyd-Tressler
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | | | - Derek W Abbott
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106; and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Abstract
This year's signaling breakthroughs highlight insights into the pathogenesis or treatment of cancer, malaria, and neurodegenerative disorders; reveal molecular insights into cell death; and identify signals that could be leveraged to prevent plant parasitism or engineer bacteria as microbial fuel cells.
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