51
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Wynn CS, Tang SC. Anti-HER2 therapy in metastatic breast cancer: many choices and future directions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:193-209. [PMID: 35142964 PMCID: PMC8924093 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic HER2 + breast cancer is an expanding area of drug development and research, with three new drugs approved in 2020 alone. While first-line therapy is well-established for metastatic HER2 + breast cancer, the standard of care for second-line therapy will likely be changing soon based on the results of the DESTINY-Breast03 trial. In the third-line setting, many options are available. Considerations in choosing between regimens in the third-line include resistance to trastuzumab, the presence of brain metastases, and tolerability. High rates of resistance exist in this setting particularly due to expression of p95, a truncated form of HER2 that constitutively activates downstream signaling pathways. We suggest a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-based regimen because of the activity of TKIs in brain metastases and in p95-expressing tumors. Attempts to overcome resistance to anti-HER2 therapies with PI3K inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and CDK 4/6 inhibitors are an active area of research. In the future, biomarkers are needed to help predict which therapies patients may benefit from the most. We review the many new drugs in development, including those with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie S Wynn
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, G-651-07, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Guyton Research Building, G-651-07, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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52
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Bartsch R, Gampenrieder SP, Rinnerthaler G, Petru E, Egle D, Petzer A, Balic M, Pluschnig U, Sliwa T, Singer C. Updated Austrian treatment algorithm in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2022; 134:63-72. [PMID: 35089396 PMCID: PMC8813714 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-021-01987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A group of Austrian breast cancer specialists met in December 2020 to establish a comprehensive clinical benefit-risk profile of available HER2-targeted therapies based on recent data and to develop an updated treatment algorithm by consensus over several months in 2021. A total of four scenarios were developed in which treatment strategies appropriate for specific patient profiles were evaluated. Consensus was established by detailed discussions of each scenario and by reaching full consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Bartsch
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Peter Gampenrieder
- Third Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Gabriel Rinnerthaler
- Third Medical Department with Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hemostaseology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Oncologic Center, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Müllner Hauptstraße 48, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Edgar Petru
- University Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Egle
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Cancer Center Tirol, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Petzer
- Barmherzige Schwestern, Elisabethinen, Department of Internal Medicine I for Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Ordensklinikum Linz GmbH, Seilerstätte 4, 4010, Linz, Austria
| | - Marija Balic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Ursula Pluschnig
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology and Internal Oncology, Klagenfurt Hospital, Feschnigstraße 11, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Thamer Sliwa
- 3rd Medical Department, Hematology and Oncology, Hanusch Hospital, Heinrich-Collin-Straße 30, 1140, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Singer
- Department of Gynecology, Breast Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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53
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Xie N, Liu L, Tian C, Hu Z, Ouyang Q. Complete response to pyrotinib combined with letrozole as first-line treatment of HER2-positive/HR-positive breast cancer: a case report. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1356. [PMID: 34532493 PMCID: PMC8422146 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15–20% of breast cancer patients are epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive, and about half of these are also hormone receptor (HR)-positive. The mainstay treatment for HER2-positive/HR-positive patients is anti-HER2 treatment combined with chemotherapy. However, many patients are not suitable for this treatment regimen due to their poor physical health and inability to tolerate chemotherapy. Pyrotinib is a novel, irreversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against EGFR/HER1, HER2, and HER4. Several studies have shown pyrotinib’s anti-tumor activity and safety profile in treating HER-2 positive breast cancer patients, but its effect on metastatic breast cancer (MBC) when combined with letrozole as a first-line treatment remains to be verified. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old postmenopausal HER2-positive/HR-positive breast cancer patient who received pyrotinib plus letrozole as a first-line treatment following a diagnosis of left axillary lymph node and double lung metastases after modified radical mastectomy for left breast cancer. Two months after administration of combined pyrotinib and letrozole, a complete response (CR) was confirmed by CT scan. The patient experienced only mild and tolerable adverse events. At the time of writing, the patient was still alive without any recurrence. Our case indicates that the combined therapy of pyrotinib plus letrozole may/can be a promising treatment option for patients with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC. Nevertheless, further evidence is needed to verify this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Can Tian
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheyu Hu
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quchang Ouyang
- Department of Breast Cancer Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
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54
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Clinicopathologic features and treatment advances in cancers with HER2 alterations. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188605. [PMID: 34358635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HER2 is one of the most important proteins of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, whose alterations include amplification, overexpression and gene mutation. Growing attention has been given to HER2 as a biomarker for prognosis, an indicator for treatment response and a target for new drugs. Tumors with HER2 alterations have been well studied in multiple locations as distinct entities for treatment, especially breast cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer. These four cancers are the leading causes of cancer incidence and cancer-related death worldwide. The present study details the landscape of HER2 amplification/overexpression and mutations and gives an up-to-date analysis of current clinical trials in the four cancers mentioned above. Different HER2-altered cancers not only respond differently to HER2-targeting therapies but also display diverse survival outcomes. Even in the same type of cancer, HER2 amplification/overexpression differs from HER2 mutation in terms of clinicopathologic features and treatment strategies. As an emerging strategy in cancer treatment, immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrate distinct outcomes in HER2-altered breast cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer.
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55
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Komaranchath AS, Mathew A. How We Treat HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aju Mathew
- Department of Oncology, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
- Department of Internal Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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56
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Jhaveri K, Drago JZ, Shah PD, Wang R, Pareja F, Ratzon F, Iasonos A, Patil S, Rosen N, Fornier MN, Sklarin NT, Chandarlapaty S, Modi S. A Phase I Study of Alpelisib in Combination with Trastuzumab and LJM716 in Patients with PIK3CA-Mutated HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:3867-3875. [PMID: 33947692 PMCID: PMC8282678 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating mutations in PIK3CA promote resistance to HER2-targeted therapy in breast cancer; however, inhibition of PI3K alone leads to escape via feedback upregulation of HER3. Combined inhibition of HER2, HER3, and PI3K overcomes this mechanism preclinically. PATIENTS AND METHODS This phase I study investigated the MTD of alpelisib given in combination with trastuzumab and LJM716 (a HER3-targeted antibody) in patients with PIK3CA-mutant HER2-positive (HER2+) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) using the continual reassessment method. Secondary analyses included efficacy and exploratory correlative studies. RESULTS Ten patients were treated initially with daily alpelisib (arm A). Grade ≥3 adverse events seen in ≥2 patients included diarrhea (n = 6), hypokalemia (n = 3), abnormal liver enzymes (n = 3), hyperglycemia (n = 2), mucositis (n = 2), and elevated lipase (n = 2). The MTD of alpelisib in arm A was 250 mg daily. This prompted the opening of arm B in which 11 patients received intermittently dosed alpelisib. Grade ≥3 adverse events seen in ≥2 patients included diarrhea (n = 5), hypokalemia (n = 3), and hypomagnesemia (n = 2). The MTD of alpelisib in arm B was 350 mg given 4 days on, 3 days off. Among 17 patients assessed, 1 had a partial response, 14 had stable disease, and 2 had disease progression at best response. Five patients had stable disease for >30 weeks. mRNA profiling of pre- and on-treatment tissue demonstrated PIK3CA target engagement by alpelisib via induction of downstream signaling and feedback pathways. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with alpelisib, trastuzumab, and LJM716 was limited by gastrointestinal toxicity. Further efforts are warranted to target the PI3K pathway in HER2+ MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Jhaveri
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Z Drago
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Payal Deepak Shah
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rui Wang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fresia Pareja
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fanni Ratzon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sujata Patil
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Neal Rosen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Shanu Modi
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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57
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Martínez-Sáez O, Prat A. Current and Future Management of HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 17:594-604. [PMID: 34077236 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed and/or amplified in approximately 20% of breast cancers, conferring an aggressive tumor behavior but also an opportunity for targeted therapies. In the advanced setting, the prognosis of patients suffering from this disease has greatly improved after the introduction of new anti-HER2 drugs beyond trastuzumab. For most patients, a taxane combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in the first-line setting, followed by trastuzumab-emtansine in second line, should be considered the standard of care today. However, chemo-free anti-HER2 strategies in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer could also be considered in selected patients. In the third-line setting and beyond, several emerging anti-HER2 therapies are becoming available, including tucatinib, fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (DS-8201a), neratinib, and margetuximab-cmkb. In addition, new compounds and combinations are showing promising results in the late-line setting. The treatment landscape of HER2-positive advanced disease is evolving constantly, active drugs such as pertuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine are moving to early-stage, many biomarkers, including quantification of HER2 itself, are being explored to improve patient selection, and patient populations with specific needs are emerging, such as those with brain metastasis. Here, we provide an overview of the current and future management of HER2-positive advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martínez-Sáez
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Cooperative Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Oncology (IOB)-Quirón, Barcelona, Spain
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58
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Ulrich L, Okines AFC. Treating Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Spotlight on Tucatinib. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2021; 13:361-381. [PMID: 34079368 PMCID: PMC8164963 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s268451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The management of HER2 positive breast cancer has been transformed by the development of targeted therapies. Dual blockade with the monoclonal antibodies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, added to first-line taxane chemotherapy and second-line therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate, T-DM1, are internationally agreed standards of care for advanced HER2 positive breast cancer, where available. However, until recently, options for patients for third-line therapy and beyond were of modest efficacy or limited by toxicity. In 2019, the results of trials of two exciting new agents for this space were presented. A third-generation HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tucatinib, combines the efficacy of the second-generation drug, neratinib, with a more manageable toxicity profile and has become a new standard of care after T-DM1, in combination with capecitabine and trastuzumab. The antibody-drug conjugate, trastuzumab deruxtecan, demonstrated remarkable efficacy in heavily pre-treated patients and received accelerated approval in the United States, whilst confirmatory Phase 3 trials are completed. This review will discuss the available data for the post-T-DM1 setting, focusing on tyrosine kinase inhibitors including tucatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ulrich
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alicia F C Okines
- Department of Breast Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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59
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Lv H, Yan M, Jiang Z. Recent advances in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor 2-positive advanced breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211013326. [PMID: 33995599 PMCID: PMC8111512 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211013326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (HR+/HER2+) advanced breast cancer is a special subtype of cancer with unique features. Major guidelines recommend that combination therapy containing anti-HER2 therapy (e.g., trastuzumab and pertuzumab) should be applied as the first-line treatment for HER2+ advanced breast cancer, regardless of HR status. Endocrine therapy could be relegated to patients who cannot tolerate chemotherapy or as a post-chemotherapy empirical maintenance strategy. Previous studies have shown that the HR pathway interacts with the HER2 pathway, and the HR and HER2 pathways of endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy can effectively avoid tumor resistance. Therefore, the combination of endocrine and targeted therapies is the preferred treatment plan for HR+/HER2+ patients to replace chemotherapy. In this review, we will discuss research progress regarding endocrine therapy combined with anti-HER2 therapy in patients with advanced breast cancer, to provide more evidence for clinical practice and broader perspectives for related research. In the future, we hope there will be more studies on HR+/HER2+ advanced breast cancer to elucidate the optimal and appropriate treatment for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Lv
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center, The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Breast Disease, Henan Breast Cancer Center. The affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Zefei Jiang
- The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 10070, China
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60
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Small Molecules in the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Focus on Indirubins. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081770. [PMID: 33917267 PMCID: PMC8068014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this review, the genetic landscape of squamous cell carcinoma is related to the potential targets of indirubin-based small molecules in cancer therapy. Being a component of traditional Chinese medicine, indirubins are used to treat chronic or inflammatory diseases, and have received increasing attention in cancer treatment due to their proapoptotic and antiproliferative activity. Frequent genetic alterations of squamous cell carcinomas are summarized, and it is discussed how these may render tumors susceptible to indirubin-based small molecule inhibitors. Abstract Skin cancers are the most common malignancies in the world. Among the most frequent skin cancer entities, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ranks second (~20%) after basal cell carcinoma (~77%). In early stages, a complete surgical removal of the affected tissue is carried out as standard therapy. To treat advanced and metastatic cancers, targeted therapies with small molecule inhibitors are gaining increasing attention. Small molecules are a heterogeneous group of protein regulators, which are produced by chemical synthesis or fermentation. The majority of them belong to the group of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKIs), which specifically bind to certain RTKs and directly influence the respective signaling pathway. Knowledge of characteristic molecular alterations in certain cancer entities, such as SCC, can help identify tumor-specific substances for targeted therapies. Most frequently, altered genes in SCC include TP53, NOTCH, EGFR, and CCND1. For example, the gene CCND1, which codes for cyclin D1 protein, is upregulated in nearly half of SCC cases and promotes proliferation of affected cells. A treatment with the small molecule 5′-nitroindirubin-monoxime (INO) leads to inhibition of cyclin D1 and thus inhibition of proliferation. As a component of Danggui Longhui Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine, indirubins are used to treat chronic diseases and have been shown to inhibit inflammatory reactions. Indirubins are pharmacologically relevant small molecules with proapoptotic and antiproliferative activity. In this review, we discuss the current literature on indirubin-based small molecules in cancer treatment. A special focus is on the molecular biology of squamous cell carcinomas, their alterations, and how these are rendered susceptible to indirubin-based small molecule inhibitors. The potential molecular mechanisms of the efficacy of indirubins in killing SCC cells will be discussed as well.
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61
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Sorscher S. Patients With Group2, HER2-Negative Tumors on ALTERNATIVE. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1188. [PMID: 33600212 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Sorscher
- Steven Sorscher, MD, Oncology Division, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Drive, Winston-Salem, NC
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62
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Johnston SRD, Gradishar WJ. Reply to S. Sorscher. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:1188-1189. [PMID: 33600234 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R D Johnston
- Stephen R. D. Johnston, MA, PhD, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom and William J. Gradishar, MD, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - William J Gradishar
- Stephen R. D. Johnston, MA, PhD, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom and William J. Gradishar, MD, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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63
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Cheong EV, Ho GF. Dual HER2 blockade with lapatinib and trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2264-2268. [PMID: 33936677 PMCID: PMC8077340 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to trastuzumab in HER2-positive gastroesophageal cancer remains a problem. The use of dual HER2 blockade to overcome this is a therapeutic strategy that should be researched more extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Von Cheong
- Department of Clinical OncologyMenara TimurUniversity of Malaya Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- Department of Clinical OncologyMenara TimurUniversity of Malaya Medical CentreKuala LumpurMalaysia
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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64
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Kay C, Martínez-Pérez C, Meehan J, Gray M, Webber V, Dixon JM, Turnbull AK. Current trends in the treatment of HR+/HER2+ breast cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:1665-1681. [PMID: 33726508 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for HR+/HER2+ patients has been debated, as some tumors within this luminal HER2+ subtype behave like luminal A cancers, whereas others behave like non-luminal HER2+ breast cancers. Recent research and clinical trials have revealed that a combination of hormone and targeted anti-HER2 approaches without chemotherapy provides long-term disease control for at least some HR+/HER2+ patients. Novel anti-HER2 therapies, including neratinib and trastuzumab emtansine, and new agents that are effective in HR+ cancers, including the next generation of oral selective estrogen receptor downregulators/degraders and CDK4/6 inhibitors such as palbociclib, are now being evaluated in combination. This review discusses current trials and results from previous studies that will provide the basis for current recommendations on how to treat newly diagnosed patients with HR+/HER2+ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Kay
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Carlos Martínez-Pérez
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - James Meehan
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Mark Gray
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Victoria Webber
- Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - J Michael Dixon
- Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Edinburgh Breast Unit, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Arran K Turnbull
- Translational Oncology Research Group, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.,Breast Cancer Now Edinburgh Research Team, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
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65
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Costantini M, Amoreo CA, Torregrossa L, Alì G, Munari E, Jeronimo C, Henrique R, Petronilho S, Capitanio U, Lucianò R, Suardi N, Landi MT, Anceschi U, Brassetti A, Fazio VM, Gallucci M, Simone G, Sentinelli S, Poeta ML. Assessment of HER2 Protein Overexpression and Gene Amplification in Renal Collecting Duct Carcinoma: Therapeutic Implication. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3345. [PMID: 33198197 PMCID: PMC7697829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is rare and aggressive histology of kidney cancers. Although different therapeutic approaches have been tested, the 2-year survival remains very poor. Since CDC exhibits overlapping features with urothelial carcinoma, the analysis of shared molecular alterations could provide new insights into the understanding of this rare disease and also therapeutic options. We collected 26 CDC cases, and we assessed HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) according to 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2-testing recommendations. Six out of twenty-six (23%) tumors showed HER2 positive staining. In particular, 3+ score was present in 2/6 cases (33%), 2+ in 3/6 cases (50%) and 1+ in 1/6 cases (17%). The 6 HER2+ tumors were also analyzed by FISH to assess gene copy number. One out of six CDC with IHC 3+ was also HER2 amplified, showing an average HER2 copy number ≥4.0 (10.85) and a HER2/CEP17 ratio ≥ (5.63), while the 5/6 cases were HER2 negative. Based on the 2018 ASCO/CAP guidelines overall, 2/26 CDC cases (8%) were HER2+. The present study provides evidence for testing, in future studies, HER2 to assess its clinical value as a novel target for the treatment of this highly malignant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Costantini
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (U.A.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Liborio Torregrossa
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Greta Alì
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, Anatomic Pathology Section, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.T.); (G.A.)
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar, Italy;
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Carmen Jeronimo
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.J.); (R.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.J.); (R.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Petronilho
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto) & Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.J.); (R.H.); (S.P.)
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (U.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nazareno Suardi
- Unit of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (U.C.); (N.S.)
| | - Maria Teresa Landi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Umberto Anceschi
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (U.A.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Aldo Brassetti
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (U.A.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- CNR-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Simone
- Department of Urology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy; (M.C.); (U.A.); (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Steno Sentinelli
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—Rome, via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Esteban-Villarrubia J, Soto-Castillo JJ, Pozas J, San Román-Gil M, Orejana-Martín I, Torres-Jiménez J, Carrato A, Alonso-Gordoa T, Molina-Cerrillo J. Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8529. [PMID: 33198314 PMCID: PMC7696731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase receptors (TKR) comprise more than 60 molecules that play an essential role in the molecular pathways, leading to cell survival and differentiation. Consequently, genetic alterations of TKRs may lead to tumorigenesis and, therefore, cancer development. The discovery and improvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) against TKRs have entailed an important step in the knowledge-expansion of tumor physiopathology as well as an improvement in the cancer treatment based on molecular alterations over many tumor types. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive review of the different families of TKRs and their role in the expansion of tumor cells and how TKIs can stop these pathways to tumorigenesis, in combination or not with other therapies. The increasing growth of this landscape is driving us to strengthen the development of precision oncology with clinical trials based on molecular-based therapy over a histology-based one, with promising preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Esteban-Villarrubia
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Juan José Soto-Castillo
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Javier Pozas
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - María San Román-Gil
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Inmaculada Orejana-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Javier Torres-Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (J.E.-V.); (J.J.S.-C.); (J.P.); (M.S.R.-G.); (I.O.-M.); (J.T.-J.)
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Teresa Alonso-Gordoa
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
| | - Javier Molina-Cerrillo
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), CIBERONC, Alcalá University, University Hospital Ramon y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (J.M.-C.)
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