51
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Huang Z, Kim J, Lacruz RS, Bringas P, Glogauer M, Bromage TG, Kaartinen VM, Snead ML. Epithelial-specific knockout of the Rac1 gene leads to enamel defects. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 119 Suppl 1:168-76. [PMID: 22243243 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2011.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) gene encodes a 21-kDa GTP-binding protein belonging to the RAS superfamily. RAS members play important roles in controlling focal adhesion complex formation and cytoskeleton contraction, activities with consequences for cell growth, adhesion, migration, and differentiation. To examine the role(s) played by RAC1 protein in cell-matrix interactions and enamel matrix biomineralization, we used the Cre/loxP binary recombination system to characterize the expression of enamel matrix proteins and enamel formation in Rac1 knockout mice (Rac1(-/-)). Mating between mice bearing the floxed Rac1 allele and mice bearing a cytokeratin 14-Cre transgene generated mice in which Rac1 was absent from epithelial organs. Enamel of the Rac1 conditional knockout mouse was characterized by light microscopy, backscattered electron imaging in the scanning electron microscope, microcomputed tomography, and histochemistry. Enamel matrix protein expression was analyzed by western blotting. Major findings showed that the Tomes' processes of Rac1(-/-) ameloblasts lose contact with the forming enamel matrix in unerupted teeth, the amounts of amelogenin and ameloblastin are reduced in Rac1(-/-) ameloblasts, and after eruption, the enamel from Rac1(-/-) mice displays severe structural defects with a complete loss of enamel. These results support an essential role for RAC1 in the dental epithelium involving cell-matrix interactions and matrix biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Huang
- The Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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52
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Barnard A, Smith DK. Selbstorganisierte Multivalenz: dynamische Ligandenanordnungen für hochaffine Bindungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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53
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Barnard A, Smith DK. Self-assembled multivalency: dynamic ligand arrays for high-affinity binding. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6572-81. [PMID: 22689381 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency is a powerful strategy for achieving high-affinity molecular recognition in biological systems. Recently, attention has begun to focus on using self-assembly rather than covalent scaffold synthesis to organize multiple ligands. This approach has a number of advantages, including ease of synthesis/assembly, tunability of nanostructure morphology and ligands, potential to incorporate multiple active units, and the responsive nature of self-assembly. We suggest that self-assembled multivalency is a strategy of fundamental importance in the design of synthetic nanosystems to intervene in biological pathways and has potential applications in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barnard
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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54
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Innovative approaches to regenerate enamel and dentin. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:856470. [PMID: 22666253 PMCID: PMC3359805 DOI: 10.1155/2012/856470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of tooth mineralization and the role of molecular control of cellular behavior during embryonic tooth development have attracted much attention the last few years. The knowledge gained from the research in these fields has improved the general understanding about the formation of dental tissues and the entire tooth and set the basis for teeth regeneration. Tissue engineering using scaffold and cell aggregate methods has been considered to produce bioengineered dental tissues, while dental stem/progenitor cells, which can differentiate into dental cell lineages, have been also introduced into the field of tooth mineralization and regeneration. Some of the main strategies for making enamel, dentin, and complex tooth-like structures are presented in this paper. However, there are still significant barriers that obstruct such strategies to move into the regular clinic practice, and these should be overcome in order to have the regenerative dentistry as the important mean that can treat the consequences of tooth-related diseases.
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55
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Yuan Z, Nie H, Wang S, Lee CH, Li A, Fu SY, Zhou H, Chen L, Mao JJ. Biomaterial selection for tooth regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2012; 17:373-88. [PMID: 21699433 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials are native or synthetic polymers that act as carriers for drug delivery or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. When implanted in vivo, biomaterials should be nontoxic and exert intended functions. For tooth regeneration, biomaterials have primarily served as a scaffold for (1) transplanted stem cells and/or (2) recruitment of endogenous stem cells. This article critically synthesizes our knowledge of biomaterial use in tooth regeneration, including the selection of native and/or synthetic polymers, three-dimensional scaffold fabrication, stem cell transplantation, and stem cell homing. A tooth is a complex biological organ. Tooth loss represents the most common organ failure. Tooth regeneration encompasses not only regrowth of an entire tooth as an organ, but also biological restoration of individual components of the tooth including enamel, dentin, cementum, or dental pulp. Regeneration of tooth root represents perhaps more near-term opportunities than the regeneration of the whole tooth. In the adult, a tooth owes its biological vitality, arguably more, to the root than the crown. Biomaterials are indispensible for the regeneration of tooth root, tooth crown, dental pulp, or an entire tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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56
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Perán M, García MA, López-Ruiz E, Bustamante M, Jiménez G, Madeddu R, Marchal JA. Functionalized nanostructures with application in regenerative medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3847-3886. [PMID: 22489186 PMCID: PMC3317746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, both regenerative medicine and nanotechnology have been broadly developed leading important advances in biomedical research as well as in clinical practice. The manipulation on the molecular level and the use of several functionalized nanoscaled materials has application in various fields of regenerative medicine including tissue engineering, cell therapy, diagnosis and drug and gene delivery. The themes covered in this review include nanoparticle systems for tracking transplanted stem cells, self-assembling peptides, nanoparticles for gene delivery into stem cells and biomimetic scaffolds useful for 2D and 3D tissue cell cultures, transplantation and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain; E-Mails: (M.P.); (E.L.-R.)
| | - María A. García
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada E-18014, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Elena López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén E-23071, Spain; E-Mails: (M.P.); (E.L.-R.)
| | - Milán Bustamante
- Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; E-Mail:
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Juan A. Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada E-18100, Spain; E-Mail:
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada E-18012, Spain
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-958-249-321; Fax: +34-958-246-296
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57
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Andukuri A, Vines JB, Anderson JM, Jun HW. Supramolecular Systems for Tissue Engineering. Supramol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470661345.smc183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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58
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Mammadov R, Tekinay AB, Dana A, Guler MO. Microscopic characterization of peptide nanostructures. Micron 2012; 43:69-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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59
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Alsbaiee A, Beingessner R, Fenniri H. Self-assembled nanomaterials for tissue-engineering applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012. [DOI: 10.1533/9780857096449.3.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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60
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Matson JB, Zha RH, Stupp SI. Peptide Self-Assembly for Crafting Functional Biological Materials. CURRENT OPINION IN SOLID STATE & MATERIALS SCIENCE 2011; 15:225-235. [PMID: 22125413 PMCID: PMC3224089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cossms.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembling, peptide-based scaffolds are frontrunners in the search for biomaterials with widespread impact in regenerative medicine. The inherent biocompatibility and cell signaling capabilities of peptides, in combination with control of secondary structure, has led to the development of a broad range of functional materials with potential for many novel therapies. More recently, membranes formed through complexation of peptide nanostructures with natural biopolymers have led to the development of hierarchically-structured constructs with potentially far-reaching applications in biology and medicine. In this review, we highlight recent advances in peptide-based gels and membranes, including work from our group and others. Specifically, we discuss the application of peptide-based materials in the regeneration of bone and enamel, cartilage, and the central nervous system, as well as the transplantation of islets, wound-healing, cardiovascular therapies, and treatment of erectile dysfunction after prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Matson
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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61
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Tocce EJ, Broderick AH, Murphy KC, Liliensiek SJ, Murphy CJ, Lynn DM, Nealey PF. Functionalization of reactive polymer multilayers with RGD and an antifouling motif: RGD density provides control over human corneal epithelial cell-substrate interactions. J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 100:84-93. [PMID: 21972074 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Our study demonstrates that substrates fabricated using a "reactive" layer-by-layer approach promote well-defined cell-substrate interactions of human corneal epithelial cells. Specifically, crosslinked and amine-reactive polymer multilayers were produced by alternating "reactive" deposition of an azlactone-functionalized polymer [poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone)] (PVDMA) and a primary amine-containing polymer [branched poly(ethylene imine)] (PEI). Advantages of our system include a 5- to 30-fold decrease in deposition time compared to traditional polyelectrolyte films and direct modification of the films with peptides. Our films react with mixtures of an adhesion-promoting peptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and the small molecule D-glucamine, a chemical motif which is nonfouling. Resulting surfaces prevent protein adsorption and promote cell attachment through specific peptide interactions. The specificity of cell attachment via immobilized RGD sequences was verified using both a scrambled RDG peptide control as well as soluble-RGD competitive assays. Films were functionalized with monotonically increasing surface densities of RGD which resulted in both increased cell attachment and the promotion of a tri-phasic proliferative response of a human corneal epithelial cell line (hTCEpi). The ability to treat PEI/PVDMA films with peptides for controlled cell-substrate interactions enables the use of these films in a wide range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Tocce
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr., University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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62
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Hilborn J. In vivo
injectable gels for tissue repair. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 3:589-606. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jons Hilborn
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75121, Sweden
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63
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Li P, Zhang Y, Wang YM, Duan CM, Hao T, Wu BL, Wang CY. RCCS enhances EOE cell proliferation and their differentiation into ameloblasts. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:309-17. [PMID: 21667111 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this article we report on the culturing of dental enamel organ epithelia (EOE) using a rotary cell culture system (RCCS) bioreactor associated with a cytodex-3 microcarrier. This culture system enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of the EOE into ameloblasts. Primary dental EOE trypsinized from 4-day old post-natal rat pups were cultured in the RCCS associated with Cytodex-3. The results were analyzed in comparison to a conventional plate system (control). Cells grown in RCCS have shown higher viabilities (above 90%) and final cell densities in terms of cells/ml than in the control system. In the case of RCCS, 46±2 manifold increases were obtained, while significantly lower yields of 10.8±2.5 manifod were obtained for control plates. Throughout the experiments, glucose levels were maintained within the accepted physiological range. In this case, LDH levels are kept low (below 150 mmol/ml), which is in accordance with the low cell death observed in the RCCS. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cells that were spread and forming three dimensional aggregates on the surface of cytodex-3. Cells cultured in the RCCS exhibited a stronger positive immunofluorescence staining for ameloblastin than those in control plates. RT-PCR results revealed that cells cultured in RCCS have higher amelogenin mRNA levels compared to controls. We have done an exploratory study on biological characteristics and self-assembling of epithelium cellula intersitialis, which demonstrated that the special 3D environment enhanced the rat dental EOE cell proliferation and differentiation into ameloblasts. The study has revealed that RCCS could be used to study the reaction of the EOE cells, tooth enamel organ cells and mesenchymal cells under the spacial 3D culture system, which will also provide a novel hypothesis for dental regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Endodontics, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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64
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Hybrid hydrogels self-assembled from graft copolymers containing complementary β-sheets as hydroxyapatite nucleation scaffolds. Biomaterials 2011; 32:5341-53. [PMID: 21549421 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic material that can assist bone tissue regeneration was proposed. A bone scaffold based on a hybrid hydrogel self-assembled from N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers grafted with complementary β-sheet peptides was designed. Investigation of self-assembly by circular dichroism spectroscopy suggested that hydrogel formation was triggered through association of the complementary β-sheet motifs. Congo Red and thioflavin T binding, as well as transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of a fibril network. Besides mimicking the natural bone extracellular matrix and maintaining preosteoblast cells viability, this hydrogel, as shown by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, provided surfaces characterized by epitaxy that favored hydroxyapatite-like crystal nucleation and growth potentially beneficial for biointegration.
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65
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Jheon AH, Mostowfi P, Snead ML, Ihrie RA, Sone E, Pramparo T, Attardi LD, Klein OD. PERP regulates enamel formation via effects on cell-cell adhesion and gene expression. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:745-54. [PMID: 21285247 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.078071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the role of cell-cell adhesion in the development of mineralized tissues. Here we report that PERP, a tetraspan membrane protein essential for epithelial integrity, regulates enamel formation. PERP is necessary for proper cell attachment and gene expression during tooth development, and its expression is controlled by P63, a master regulator of stratified epithelial development. During enamel formation, PERP is localized to the interface between the enamel-producing ameloblasts and the stratum intermedium (SI), a layer of cells subjacent to the ameloblasts. Perp-null mice display dramatic enamel defects, which are caused, in part, by the detachment of ameloblasts from the SI. Microarray analysis comparing gene expression in teeth of wild-type and Perp-null mice identified several differentially expressed genes during enamel formation. Analysis of these genes in ameloblast-derived LS8 cells upon knockdown of PERP confirmed the role for PERP in the regulation of gene expression. Together, our data show that PERP is necessary for the integrity of the ameloblast-SI interface and that a lack of Perp causes downregulation of genes that are required for proper enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Jheon
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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66
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Welsh DJ, Smith DK. Comparing dendritic and self-assembly strategies to multivalency—RGD peptide–integrin interactions. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:4795-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05241a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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67
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Abstract
An interesting field within the broad subject of biomaterials is the chemical and physical crafting of materials that can functionally substitute or help regenerate the organs and tissues of the human body. Regeneration is the new dimension of this field as opposed to the more established area of permanent implants and devices to substitute natural structures and functions. With the advent of nanoscience, the field is experiencing a renaissance by embracing the vision that artificial nanostructures of the self-assembling type could be designed for highly specific functions to promote regenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel I Stupp
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Medicine, and Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
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68
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Huang Z, Newcomb CJ, Bringas P, Stupp SI, Snead ML. Biological synthesis of tooth enamel instructed by an artificial matrix. Biomaterials 2010; 31:9202-11. [PMID: 20869764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capability of enamel, the hardest tissue in the vertebrate body, is fundamentally limited due to cell apoptosis following maturation of the tissue. Synthetic strategies to promote enamel formation have the potential to repair damage, increase the longevity of teeth and improve the understanding of the events leading to tissue formation. Using a self-assembling bioactive matrix, we demonstrate the ability to induce ectopic formation of enamel at chosen sites adjacent to a mouse incisor cultured in vivo under the kidney capsule. The resulting material reveals the highly organized, hierarchical structure of hydroxyapatite crystallites similar to native enamel. This artificially triggered formation of organized mineral demonstrates a pathway for developing cell fabricated materials for treatment of dental caries, the most ubiquitous disease in man. Additionally, the artificial matrix provides a unique tool to probe cellular mechanisms involved in tissue formation further enabling the development of tooth organ replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Huang
- The Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St., Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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69
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Mata A, Geng Y, Henrikson K, Aparicio C, Stock S, Satcher RL, Stupp SI. Bone regeneration mediated by biomimetic mineralization of a nanofiber matrix. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6004-12. [PMID: 20472286 PMCID: PMC2911435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Rapid bone regeneration within a three-dimensional defect without the use of bone grafts, exogenous growth factors, or cells remains a major challenge. We report here on the use of self-assembling peptide nanostructured gels to promote bone regeneration that have the capacity to mineralize in biomimetic fashion. The main molecular design was the use of phosphoserine residues in the sequence of a peptide amphiphile known to nucleate hydroxyapatite crystals on the surfaces of nanofibers. We tested the system in a rat femoral critical-size defect by placing pre-assembled nanofiber gels in a 5mm gap and analyzed bone formation with micro-computed tomography and histology. We found within 4 weeks significantly higher bone formation relative to controls lacking phosphorylated residues and comparable bone formation to that observed in animals treated with a clinically used allogenic bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mata
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Yanbiao Geng
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Karl Henrikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Stuart Stock
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Robert L. Satcher
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208
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70
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Chow LW, Wang LJ, Kaufman DB, Stupp SI. Self-assembling nanostructures to deliver angiogenic factors to pancreatic islets. Biomaterials 2010; 31:6154-61. [PMID: 20552727 PMCID: PMC2965796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly of nanoscale filaments offers a vehicle to signal cells within dense cell aggregates such as pancreatic islets. We previously developed a heparin-binding peptide amphiphile (HBPA) that self-assembles into nanofiber gels at concentrations of 1% by weight when mixed with heparin and activates heparin-binding, angiogenic growth factors. We report here on the use of these molecules at concentrations 100 times lower to drive delivery of the nanofibers into the dense islet interior. Using fluorescent markers, HBPA molecules, heparin, and FGF2 were shown to be present in and on the surface of murine islets. The intraislet nanofibers were found to be necessary to retain FGF2 within the islet for 48 h and to increase cell viability significantly for at least 7 days in culture. Furthermore, enhanced insulin secretion was observed with the nanofibers for 3 days in culture. Delivery of FGF2 and VEGF in conjunction with the HBPA/heparin nanofibers also induced a significant amount of islet endothelial cell sprouting from the islets into a peptide amphiphile 3-D matrix. We believe the infiltration of bioactive nanofibers in the interior of islets as an artificial ECM can improve cell viability and function in vitro and enhance their vascularization in the presence of growth factors such as FGF2 and VEGF. The approach described here may have significant impact on islet transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley W. Chow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Ling-jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Dixon B. Kaufman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Organ Transplantation, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, United States
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71
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Gungormus M, Branco M, Fong H, Schneider JP, Tamerler C, Sarikaya M. Self assembled bi-functional peptide hydrogels with biomineralization-directing peptides. Biomaterials 2010; 31:7266-74. [PMID: 20591477 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A peptide-based hydrogel has been designed that directs the formation of hydroxyapatite. MDG1, a twenty-seven residue peptide, undergoes triggered folding to form an unsymmetrical beta-hairpin that self-assembles in response to an increase in solution ionic strength to yield a mechanically rigid, self supporting hydrogel. The C-terminal portion of MDG1 contains a heptapeptide (MLPHHGA) capable of directing the mineralization process. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates that the peptide folds and assembles to form a hydrogel network rich in beta-sheet secondary structure. Oscillatory rheology indicates that the hydrogel is mechanically rigid (G' 2500Pa) before mineralization. In separate experiments, mineralization was induced both biochemically and with cementoblast cells. Mineralization-domain had little effect on the mechanical rigidity of the gel. SEM and EDXS show that MDG1 gels are capable of directing the formation of hydroxapatite. Control hydrogels, prepared by peptides either lacking the mineral-directing portion or reversing its sequence, indicated that the heptapeptide is necessary and its actions are sequence specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gungormus
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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72
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Lacruz RS, Nanci A, White SN, Wen X, Wang H, Zalzal SF, Luong VQ, Schuetter VL, Conti PS, Kurtz I, Paine ML. The sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBCe1) is essential for normal development of mouse dentition. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24432-8. [PMID: 20529845 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.115188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) is a syndrome caused by abnormal proximal tubule reabsorption of bicarbonate resulting in metabolic acidosis. Patients with mutations to the SLC4A4 gene (coding for the sodium bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1), have pRTA, growth delay, ocular defects, and enamel abnormalities. In an earlier report, we provided the first evidence that enamel cells, the ameloblasts, express NBCe1 in a polarized fashion, thereby contributing to trans-cellular bicarbonate transport. To determine whether NBCe1 plays a critical role in enamel development, we studied the expression of NBCe1 at various stages of enamel formation in wild-type mice and characterized the biophysical properties of enamel in NBCe1(-/-) animals. The enamel of NBCe1(-/-) animals was extremely hypomineralized and weak with an abnormal prismatic architecture. The expression profile of amelogenin, a known enamel-specific gene, was not altered in NBCe1(-/-) animals. Our results show for the first time that NBCe1 expression is required for the development of normal enamel. This study provides a mechanistic model to account for enamel abnormalities in certain patients with pRTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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73
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Koopmans RJ, Aggeli A. Nanobiotechnology—quo vadis? Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:327-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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74
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In vitro osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells after lentiviral transduction with green fluorescent protein. J Craniofac Surg 2010; 20:2193-9. [PMID: 19934675 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0b013e3181bf04af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the potential to differentiate into osteogenic cells that can be seeded into scaffolds for tissue engineering for use in craniofacial bone defects. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been widely used as a lineage marker for mammalian cells. The use of fluorescent proteins enables cells to be tracked during manipulation such as osteogenic differentiation within three-dimensional scaffolds. The purpose of this study was to examine whether ASCs introduced with GFP-encoding lentivirus vector exhibit adequate GFP fluorescence and whether the expression of GFP interfered with osteogenic differentiation of ASCs in both monolayer and three-dimensional scaffolds in vitro. METHODS Primary ASCs were harvested from the inguinal fat pad of Sprague Dawley rats. Isolated ASCs were cultured and infected with a lentiviral vector encoding GFP and plated into both monolayers and three-dimensional scaffolds in vitro. The cells were then placed in osteogenic medium. Osteogenic differentiation of the GFP-ASCs was assessed using alizarin red S, alkaline phosphate staining, and immunohistochemistry staining of osteocalcin with quantification of alizarin red S and osteocalcin staining. RESULTS The efficacy of infection of ASCs with a lentiviral vector encoding GFP was high. Cell-cultured GFP-ASCs remained fluorescent over the 8 weeks of the study period. The GFP-ASCs were successfully induced into osteogenic cells both in monolayers and three-dimensional scaffolds. Whereas the quanitification of alizarin red S revealed no difference between osteoinduced ASCs with or without GFP, the quantification of osteocalcin revealed increased staining in the GFP group. CONCLUSIONS Transduction of isolated ASCs using a lentiviral vector encoding GFP is an effective method for tracing osteoinduced ASCs in vitro. Quantification data showed no decrease in staining of the osteoinduced ASCs.
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75
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Lacruz RS, Hilvo M, Kurtz I, Paine ML. A survey of carbonic anhydrase mRNA expression in enamel cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 393:883-7. [PMID: 20175995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enamel formation requires rigid control of pH homeostasis during all stages of development to prevent disruptions to crystal growth. The acceleration of the generation of bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases (CA) has been suggested as one of the pathways used by ameloblasts cells to regulate extracellular pH yet only two isozymes (CA II and CA VI) have been reported to date during enamel formation. The mammalian CA family contains 16 different isoforms of which 13 are enzymatically active. We have conducted a systematic screening by RT-PCR on the expression of all known CA isoforms in mouse enamel organ epithelium (EOE) cells dissected from new born, in secretory ameloblasts derived from 7-day-old animals, and in the LS8 ameloblast cell line. Results show that all CA isoforms are expressed by EOE/ameloblast cells in vivo. The most highly expressed are the catalytic isozymes CA II, VI, IX, and XIII, and the acatalytic CA XI isoform. Only minor differences were found in CA expression levels between 1-day EOE cells and 7-day-old secretory-stage ameloblasts, whereas LS8 cells expressed fewer CA isoforms than both of these. The broad expression of CAs by ameloblasts reported here contributes to our understanding of pH homeostasis during enamel development and demonstrates its complexity. Our results also highlight the critical role that regulation of pH plays during the development of enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, 2250 Alcazar Street, CSA Room #103, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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76
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Cui H, Webber MJ, Stupp SI. Self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles: from molecules to nanostructures to biomaterials. Biopolymers 2010; 94:1-18. [PMID: 20091874 PMCID: PMC2921868 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1083] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles are a class of molecules that combine the structural features of amphiphilic surfactants with the functions of bioactive peptides and are known to assemble into a variety of nanostructures. A specific type of peptide amphiphiles are known to self-assemble into one-dimensional nanostructures under physiological conditions, predominantly nanofibers with a cylindrical geometry. The resultant nanostructures could be highly bioactive and are of great interest in many biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. In this context, we highlight our strategies for using molecular self-assembly as a toolbox to produce peptide amphiphile nanostructures and materials and efforts to translate this technology into applications as therapeutics. We also review our recent progress in using these materials for treating spinal cord injury, inducing angiogenesis, and for hard tissue regeneration and replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Matthew J. Webber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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77
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Abstract
Peptide nanostructures containing bioactive signals offer exciting novel therapies of broad potential impact in regenerative medicine. These nanostructures can be designed through self-assembly strategies and supramolecular chemistry, and have the potential to combine bioactivity for multiple targets with biocompatibility. It is also possible to multiplex their functions by using them to deliver proteins, nucleic acids, drugs and cells. In this review, we illustrate progress made in this new field by our group and others using peptide-based nanotechnology. Specifically, we highlight the use of self-assembling peptide amphiphiles towards applications in the regeneration of the central nervous system, vasculature and hard tissue along with the transplant of islets and the controlled release of nitric oxide to prevent neointimal hyperplasia. Also, we discuss other self-assembling oligopeptide technology and the progress made with these materials towards the development of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Webber
- Northwestern University Department of Biomedical Engineering, Evanston, IL, USA
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78
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Cavalli S, Albericio F, Kros A. Amphiphilic peptides and their cross-disciplinary role as building blocks for nanoscience. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:241-63. [DOI: 10.1039/b906701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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79
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Posocco P, Pricl S, Jones S, Barnard A, Smith DK. Less is more – multiscale modelling of self-assembling multivalency and its impact on DNA binding and gene delivery. Chem Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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80
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Sukarawan W, Simmons D, Suggs C, Long K, Wright JT. WNT5A expression in ameloblastoma and its roles in regulating enamel epithelium tumorigenic behaviors. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 176:461-71. [PMID: 20008136 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenic tumors originate from the remains of migrating enamel epithelium after the completion of normal tooth genesis. These enamel epithelium remnants exhibit the ability to recapitulate the events that occur during tooth formation. Several lines of evidence suggest that aberrance in the signaling pathways similar to the ones that are used during tooth development, including the WNT pathway, might be the cause of odontogenic tumorigenesis and maintenance. In this study we demonstrated that WNT5A expression was intense in both the epithelial component of ameloblastomas, the most common epithelial odontogenic tumor, and in this tumor's likely precursor cell, the enamel epithelium located at the cervical loop of normal developing human tooth buds. Additionally, when WNT5A was overexpressed in enamel epithelium cells (LS-8), the clones expressing high levels of WNT5A (S) exhibited characteristics of tumorigenic cells, including growth factor independence, loss of anchorage dependence, loss of contact inhibition, and tumor formation in immunocompromised mice. Moreover, overexpression of WNT5A drastically increased LS-8 cell migration and actin reorganization when compared with controls. Suppression of endogenous WNT5A in LS-8 cells (AS) greatly impaired their migration and AS cells failed to form significant actin reorganization and membrane protrusion was rarely seen. Taken together, our data indicate that WNT5A signaling is important in modulating tumorigenic behaviors of enamel epithelium cells in ameloblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleerat Sukarawan
- North Carolina Oral Health Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7454, USA
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81
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Anderson JM, Andukuri A, Lim DJ, Jun HW. Modulating the gelation properties of self-assembling peptide amphiphiles. ACS NANO 2009; 3:3447-54. [PMID: 19791757 PMCID: PMC2787687 DOI: 10.1021/nn900884n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) are self-assembling molecules that form interwoven nanofiber gel networks. They have gained a lot of attention because of their excellent biocompatibility, adaptable peptide structure that allows for specific biochemical functionality, and nanofibrous assembly that mimics natural tissue formation. However, variations in molecule length, charge, and intermolecular bonding between different bioactive PAs cause contrasting mechanical properties. This potentially limits cell-delivery therapies because scaffold durability is needed to withstand the rigors of clinician handling and transport to wound implant sites. Additionally, the mechanical properties have critical influence on cellular behavior, as the elasticity and stiffness of biomaterials have been shown to affect cell spreading, migration, contraction, and differentiation. Several different PAs have been synthesized, each endowed with specific cellular adhesive ligands for directed biological response. We have investigated mechanical means for modulating and stabilizing the gelation properties of PA hydrogels in a controlled manner. A more stable, biologically inert PA (PA-S) was synthesized and combined with each of the bioactive PAs. Molar ratio (M(r) = PA/PA-S) combinations of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 were tested. All PA composites were characterized by observed nanostructure and rheological analysis measuring viscoelasticity. It was found that the PAs could be combined to successfully control and stabilize the gelation properties, allowing for a mechanically tunable scaffold with increased durability. Thus, the biological functionality and natural degradability of PAs can be provided in a more physiologically relevant microenvironment using our composite approach to modulate the mechanical properties, thereby improving the vast potential for cell encapsulation and other tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Adinarayana Andukuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Dong Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2182
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82
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Anderson JM, Kushwaha M, Tambralli A, Bellis SL, Camata RP, Jun HW. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells directed by extracellular matrix-mimicking ligands in a biomimetic self-assembled peptide amphiphile nanomatrix. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2935-44. [PMID: 19746964 PMCID: PMC2760643 DOI: 10.1021/bm9007452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of nanoscale, biomimetic peptide amphiphile (PA) scaffolds inscribed with specific cellular adhesive ligands to direct the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without osteogenic supplements. PA sequences were synthesized to mimic the native bone extracellular matrix (ECM), expressing different isolated ligands (i.e., RGDS, DGEA, KRSR). All PAs were presented as self-assembled two-dimensional coatings for the seeded hMSCs. Initial attachment results demonstrated that the different PAs could be individually recognized based on the incorporated adhesive ligands. Long-term studies assessed osteogenic differentiation up to 35 days. The RGDS-containing PA nanomatrix expressed significantly greater alkaline phosphatase activity, indicating the early promotion of osteogenic differentiation. A progressive shift toward osteogenic morphology and positive staining for mineral deposition provided further confirmation of the RGDS-containing PA nanomatrix. Overall, the PA nanomatrix clearly has great promise for directing the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs without the aid of supplements by mimicking the native ECM, providing an adaptable environment that allows for different adhesive ligands to control cellular behaviors. This research model establishes the beginnings of a new versatile approach to regenerate bone tissues by closely following the principles of natural tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Meenakshi Kushwaha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Susan L. Bellis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Renato P. Camata
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Ho-Wook Jun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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83
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Traphagen S, Yelick PC. Reclaiming a natural beauty: whole-organ engineering with natural extracellular materials. Regen Med 2009; 4:747-58. [PMID: 19761399 PMCID: PMC3021746 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to engineer whole organs as replacements for allografts and xenografts is an ongoing pursuit in regenerative medicine. While challenges remain, including systemic tissue integration with angiogenesis, lymphatiogenesis and neurogenesis, ongoing efforts are working to develop novel technologies to produce implantable engineered scaffolds and potentially engineered whole organs. Natural extracellular matrix materials, commonly utilized in vitro, are now being used as effective, natural, acellular allografts, and are being integrated into nanoscale scaffolds and matrices with programmable responsiveness. Based on the significant use of natural scaffolds for tissue regeneration and bioengineering strategies, this review focuses on recent and ongoing efforts to engineer whole organs, such as the tooth, featuring natural extracellular matrix molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Traphagen
- Tufts University, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela C Yelick
- Tufts University, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Boston, MA, USA
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84
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Moradian-Oldak J. The REGENERATION of TOOTH ENAMEL. DIMENSIONS OF DENTAL HYGIENE 2009; 7:12-15. [PMID: 20651953 PMCID: PMC2908039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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85
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Fernandes H, Moroni L, van Blitterswijk C, de Boer J. Extracellular matrix and tissue engineering applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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86
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Mata A, Hsu L, Capito R, Aparicio C, Henrikson K, Stupp SI. Micropatterning of bioactive self-assembling gels. SOFT MATTER 2009; 5:1228-1236. [PMID: 20047022 PMCID: PMC2680507 DOI: 10.1039/b819002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Microscale topographical features have been known to affect cell behavior. An important target in this area is to integrate top down techniques with bottom up self-assembly to create three-dimensional (3D) patterned bioactive mimics of extracellular matrices. We report a novel approach toward this goal and demonstrate its use to study the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). By incorporating polymerizable acetylene groups in the hydrophobic segment of peptide amphiphiles (PAs), we were able to micro-pattern nanofiber gels of these bioactive materials. PAs containing the cell adhesive epitope arginine-glycine-aspartic acid-serine (RGDS) were allowed to self-assemble within microfabricated molds to create networks of either randomly oriented or aligned ~30 nm diameter nanofiber bundles that were shaped into topographical patterns containing holes, posts, or channels up to 8 μm in height and down to 5 μm in lateral dimensions. When topographical patterns contained nanofibers aligned through flow prior to gelation, the majority of hMSCs aligned in the direction of the nanofibers even in the presence of hole microtextures and more than a third of them maintained this alignment when encountering perpendicular channel microtextures. Interestingly, in topographical patterns with randomly oriented nanofibers, osteoblastic differentiation was enhanced on hole microtextures compared to all other surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Mata
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Lorraine Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ramille Capito
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Conrado Aparicio
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
| | - Karl Henrikson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Institute for BioNanotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. E-mail: ; Fax: (+312) 503-2482; Tel: (+312) 503-6713
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60208, USA
- Feingberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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87
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Palmer LC, Newcomb CJ, Kaltz SR, Spoerke ED, Stupp SI. Biomimetic systems for hydroxyapatite mineralization inspired by bone and enamel. Chem Rev 2008; 108:4754-83. [PMID: 19006400 PMCID: PMC2593885 DOI: 10.1021/cr8004422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liam C Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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88
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Snead ML. Whole-tooth regeneration: it takes a village of scientists, clinicians, and patients. J Dent Educ 2008; 72:903-911. [PMID: 18676799 PMCID: PMC2546443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A team of senior scientists was formed in 2006 to create a blueprint for the regeneration of whole human teeth along with all of the supporting structure of the dentition. The team included experts from diverse fields, each with a reputation for stellar accomplishment. Participants attacked the scientific issues of tooth regeneration but, more importantly, each agreed to work collaboratively with experts from other disciplines to form a learning organization. A commitment to learn from one another produced a unique interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary team. Inspired by the Kennedy space program to send a man to the moon, with its myriad of problems and solutions that no one discipline could solve, this tooth regeneration team devised an ambitious plan that sought to use stem cell biology, engineering, and computational biology to replicate the developmental program for odontogenesis. In this manner, team members envisioned a solution that consisted of known or knowable fundamentals. They proposed a laboratory-grown tooth rudiment that would be capable of executing the complete program for odontogenesis when transplanted to a suitable host, recreating all of the dental tissues, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone associated with the canonical tooth. This plan was designed to bring regenerative medicine fully into the dental surgery suite, although a lack of funding has so far prevented the plan from being carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm L Snead
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, CA, USA.
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