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Denzel MS, Lapierre LR, Mack HID. Emerging topics in C. elegans aging research: Transcriptional regulation, stress response and epigenetics. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:4-21. [PMID: 30134144 PMCID: PMC6696993 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Key discoveries in aging research have been made possible with the use of model organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans is a short-lived nematode that has become a well-established system to study aging. The practicality and powerful genetic manipulations associated with this metazoan have revolutionized our ability to understand how organisms age. 25 years after the publication of the discovery of the daf-2 gene as a genetic modifier of lifespan, C. elegans remains as relevant as ever in the quest to understand the process of aging. Nematode aging research has proven useful in identifying transcriptional regulators, small molecule signals, cellular mechanisms, epigenetic modifications associated with stress resistance and longevity, and lifespan-extending compounds. Here, we review recent discoveries and selected topics that have emerged in aging research using this incredible little worm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Denzel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Louis R Lapierre
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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52
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Pender CL, Horvitz HR. Hypoxia-inducible factor cell non-autonomously regulates C. elegans stress responses and behavior via a nuclear receptor. eLife 2018; 7:e36828. [PMID: 30010540 PMCID: PMC6078495 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor) transcription factor is the master regulator of the metazoan response to chronic hypoxia. In addition to promoting adaptations to low oxygen, HIF drives cytoprotective mechanisms in response to stresses and modulates neural circuit function. How most HIF targets act in the control of the diverse aspects of HIF-regulated biology remains unknown. We discovered that a HIF target, the C. elegans gene cyp-36A1, is required for numerous HIF-dependent processes, including modulation of gene expression, stress resistance, and behavior. cyp-36A1 encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme that we show controls expression of more than a third of HIF-induced genes. CYP-36A1 acts cell non-autonomously by regulating the activity of the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-46, suggesting that CYP-36A1 functions as a biosynthetic enzyme for a hormone ligand of this receptor. We propose that regulation of HIF effectors through activation of cytochrome P450 enzyme/nuclear receptor signaling pathways could similarly occur in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne L Pender
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - H Robert Horvitz
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer ResearchMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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53
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Huang HW, Lin YH, Lin MH, Huang YR, Chou CH, Hong HC, Wang MR, Tseng YT, Liao PC, Chung MC, Ma YJ, Wu SC, Chuang YJ, Wang HD, Wang YM, Huang HD, Lu TT, Liaw WF. Extension of C. elegans lifespan using the ·NO-delivery dinitrosyl iron complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:775-784. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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54
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Shamalnasab M, Dhaoui M, Thondamal M, Harvald EB, Færgeman NJ, Aguilaniu H, Fabrizio P. HIF-1-dependent regulation of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans by the acyl-CoA-binding protein MAA-1. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1745-1769. [PMID: 28758895 PMCID: PMC5559173 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In yeast, the broadly conserved acyl-CoA–binding protein (ACBP) is a negative regulator of stress resistance and longevity. Here, we have turned to the nematode C. elegans as a model organism in which to determine whether ACBPs play similar roles in multicellular organisms. We systematically inactivated each of the seven C. elegans ACBP paralogs and found that one of them, maa-1 (which encodes membrane-associated ACBP 1), is indeed involved in the regulation of longevity. In fact, loss of maa-1 promotes lifespan extension and resistance to different types of stress. Through genetic and gene expression studies we have demonstrated that HIF-1, a master transcriptional regulator of adaptation to hypoxia, plays a central role in orchestrating the anti-aging response induced by MAA-1 deficiency. This response relies on the activation of molecular chaperones known to contribute to maintenance of the proteome. Our work extends to C. elegans the role of ACBP in aging, implicates HIF-1 in the increase of lifespan of maa-1 –deficient worms, and sheds light on the anti-aging function of HIF-1. Given that both ACBP and HIF-1 are highly conserved, our results suggest the possible involvement of these proteins in the age-associated decline in proteostasis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Shamalnasab
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
| | - Manel Dhaoui
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
| | - Manjunatha Thondamal
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
| | - Eva Bang Harvald
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hugo Aguilaniu
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
| | - Paola Fabrizio
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Lyon, France
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55
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Rahman S, Archana A, Jan AT, Minakshi R. Dissecting Endoplasmic Reticulum Unfolded Protein Response (UPR ER) in Managing Clandestine Modus Operandi of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:30. [PMID: 29467648 PMCID: PMC5808164 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is most common cause of dementia witnessed among aged people. The pathophysiology of AD develops as a consequence of neurofibrillary tangle formation which consists of hyperphosphorylated microtubule associated tau protein and senile plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in specific brain regions that result in synaptic loss and neuronal death. The feeble buffering capacity of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis in AD is evident through alteration in unfolded protein response (UPR), where UPR markers express invariably in AD patient's brain samples. Aging weakens UPRER causing neuropathology and memory loss in AD. This review highlights molecular signatures of UPRER and its key molecular alliance that are affected in aging leading to the development of intriguing neuropathologies in AD. We present a summary of recent studies reporting usage of small molecules as inhibitors or activators of UPRER sensors/effectors in AD that showcase avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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56
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Antikainen H, Driscoll M, Haspel G, Dobrowolski R. TOR-mediated regulation of metabolism in aging. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1219-1233. [PMID: 28971552 PMCID: PMC5676073 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolism is regulated by the mTOR kinase, a key component of the molecular nutrient sensor pathway that plays a central role in cellular survival and aging. The mTOR pathway promotes protein and lipid synthesis and inhibits autophagy, a process known for its contribution to longevity in several model organisms. The nutrient‐sensing pathway is regulated at the lysosomal membrane by a number of proteins for which deficiency triggers widespread aging phenotypes in tested animal models. In response to environmental cues, this recently discovered lysosomal nutrient‐sensing complex regulates autophagy transcriptionally through conserved factors, such as the transcription factors TFEB and FOXO, associated with lifespan extension. This key metabolic pathway strongly depends on nucleocytoplasmic compartmentalization, a cellular phenomenon gradually lost during aging. In this review, we discuss the current progress in understanding the contribution of mTOR‐regulating factors to autophagy and longevity. Furthermore, we review research on the regulation of metabolism conducted in multiple aging models, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila and mouse, and human iPSCs. We suggest that conserved molecular pathways have the strongest potential for the development of new avenues for treatment of age‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Antikainen
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Monica Driscoll
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Rutgers University Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Gal Haspel
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences New Jersey Institute of Technology Rutgers University Newark NJ 07102 USA
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57
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Luis NM, Wang L, Ortega M, Deng H, Katewa SD, Li PWL, Karpac J, Jasper H, Kapahi P. Intestinal IRE1 Is Required for Increased Triglyceride Metabolism and Longer Lifespan under Dietary Restriction. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1207-1216. [PMID: 27783936 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most robust lifespan-extending interventions in animals. The beneficial effects of DR involve a metabolic adaptation toward increased triglyceride usage. The regulatory mechanism and the tissue specificity of this metabolic switch remain unclear. Here, we show that the IRE1/XBP1 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling module mediates metabolic adaptation upon DR in flies by promoting triglyceride synthesis and accumulation in enterocytes (ECs) of the Drosophila midgut. Consistently, IRE1/XBP1 function in ECs is required for increased longevity upon DR. We further identify sugarbabe, a Gli-like zinc-finger transcription factor, as a key mediator of the IRE1/XBP1-regulated induction of de novo lipogenesis in ECs. Overexpression of sugarbabe rescues metabolic and lifespan phenotypes of IRE1 loss-of-function conditions. Our study highlights the critical role of metabolic adaptation of the intestinal epithelium for DR-induced lifespan extension and explores the IRE1/XBP1 signaling pathway regulating this adaptation and influencing lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Miguel Luis
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA.
| | - Lifen Wang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Mauricio Ortega
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Hansong Deng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Subhash D Katewa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Patrick Wai-Lun Li
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA
| | - Jason Karpac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA; Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena 07745, Germany.
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945-1400, USA.
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58
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Rahman S, Jan AT, Ayyagari A, Kim J, Kim J, Minakshi R. Entanglement of UPR ER in Aging Driven Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:341. [PMID: 29114219 PMCID: PMC5660724 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an indispensable cellular organelle that remains highly active in neuronal cells. The ER bears the load of maintaining protein homeostasis in the cellular network by managing the folding of incoming nascent peptides; however, the stress imposed by physiological/environmental factors can cause ER dysfunctions that lead to the activation of ER unfolded protein response (UPRER). Aging leads to deterioration of several cellular pathways and therefore weakening of the UPRER. The decline in functioning of the UPRER during aging results in accumulation of misfolded proteins that becomes intracellular inclusions in neuronal cells, resulting in toxicity manifested as neurodegenerative diseases. With ascension in cases of neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the enigma behind aging driven UPRER dysfunction may lead to possible treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Archana Ayyagari
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jiwoo Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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59
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Zhao L, Wang J. Uncovering the mechanisms of Caenorhabditis elegans ageing from global quantification of the underlying landscape. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0421. [PMID: 27903783 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on Caenorhabditis elegans reveal that gene manipulations can extend its lifespan several fold. However, how the genes work together to determine longevity is still an open question. Here we construct a gene regulatory network for worm ageing and quantify its underlying potential and flux landscape. We found ageing and rejuvenation states can emerge as basins of attraction at certain gene expression levels. The system state can switch from one attractor to another driven by the intrinsic or external perturbations through genetics or the environment. Furthermore, we simulated gene silencing experiments and found that the silencing of longevity-promoting or lifespan-limiting genes leads to ageing or rejuvenation domination, respectively. This indicates that the difference in depths between ageing and the rejuvenation attractor is highly correlated with worm longevity. We further uncovered some key genes and regulations which have a strong influence on landscape basin stability. A dynamic landscape model is proposed to describe the whole process of ageing: the ageing attractor dominates when senescence progresses. We also uncovered the oscillation dynamics, and a similar behaviour was observed in the long-lived creature Turritopsis dohrnii Our landscape theory provides a global and physical approach to explore the underlying mechanisms of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, People's Republic of China .,Department of Chemistry and Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA
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60
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Kapahi P, Kaeberlein M, Hansen M. Dietary restriction and lifespan: Lessons from invertebrate models. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 39:3-14. [PMID: 28007498 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most robust environmental manipulation known to increase active and healthy lifespan in many species. Despite differences in the protocols and the way DR is carried out in different organisms, conserved relationships are emerging among multiple species. Elegant studies from numerous model organisms are further defining the importance of various nutrient-signaling pathways including mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin), insulin/IGF-1-like signaling and sirtuins in mediating the effects of DR. We here review current advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms altered by DR to promote lifespan in three major invertebrate models, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.
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61
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Hourihan JM, Moronetti Mazzeo LE, Fernández-Cárdenas LP, Blackwell TK. Cysteine Sulfenylation Directs IRE-1 to Activate the SKN-1/Nrf2 Antioxidant Response. Mol Cell 2017; 63:553-566. [PMID: 27540856 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that many proteins may be regulated through cysteine modification, but the extent and functions of this signaling remain largely unclear. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein IRE-1 maintains ER homeostasis by initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR(ER)). Here we show in C. elegans and human cells that IRE-1 has a distinct redox-regulated function in cytoplasmic homeostasis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated at the ER or by mitochondria sulfenylate a cysteine within the IRE-1 kinase activation loop. This inhibits the IRE-1-mediated UPR(ER) and initiates the p38/SKN-1(Nrf2) antioxidant response, thereby increasing stress resistance and lifespan. Many AGC-family kinases (AKT, p70S6K, PKC, ROCK1) seem to be regulated similarly. The data reveal that IRE-1 has an ancient function as a cytoplasmic sentinel that activates p38 and SKN-1(Nrf2) and indicate that cysteine modifications induced by ROS signals can direct proteins to adopt unexpected functions and may coordinate many cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Hourihan
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lorenza E Moronetti Mazzeo
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L Paulette Fernández-Cárdenas
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - T Keith Blackwell
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Genetics and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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62
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Vincenz-Donnelly L, Hipp MS. The endoplasmic reticulum: A hub of protein quality control in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:383-393. [PMID: 28363604 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
One third of the eukaryotic proteome is synthesized at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whose unique properties provide a folding environment substantially different from the cytosol. A healthy, balanced proteome in the ER is maintained by a network of factors referred to as the ER quality control (ERQC) machinery. This network consists of various protein folding chaperones and modifying enzymes, and is regulated by stress response pathways that prevent the build-up as well as the secretion of potentially toxic and aggregation-prone misfolded protein species. Here, we describe the components of the ERQC machinery, investigate their response to different forms of stress, and discuss the consequences of ERQC break-down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Vincenz-Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mark S Hipp
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Cellular Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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63
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Lushchak O, Strilbytska O, Piskovatska V, Storey KB, Koliada A, Vaiserman A. The role of the TOR pathway in mediating the link between nutrition and longevity. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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64
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Xie X, Wang L, Zhao B, Chen Y, Li J. SIRT3 mediates decrease of oxidative damage and prevention of ageing in porcine fetal fibroblasts. Life Sci 2017; 177:41-48. [PMID: 28131761 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a mitochondria-specific protein required for the deacetylation of metabolic enzymes and the action of oxidative phosphorylation by acting as a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylase. SIRT3 increases oxidative stress resistance and prevents mitochondrial decay associated with ageing in response to caloric restriction. However, the effects of SIRT3 on oxidative damage and ageing are not well understood. We investigated the physiological functions of porcine SIRT3 on the damage and ageing in porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs). MAIN METHODS Overexpression and knockdown of SIRT3 were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. All cells were treated with three different stress reagents 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), methanesulfonic acid methylester (MMS), and tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP), respectively, and then examined by flow cytometry following JC-1 (5, 5', 6, 6'-tetrachloro-1, 1', 3, 3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol-carbocyanine iodide) staining. KEY FINDINGS SIRT3 overexpression enhanced the ability of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) to reduce cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further decreased the damage to the membranes and the organelles of the cells, especially to mitochondria. It inhibited the initial decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevented the decrease of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and activity of Nampt. In contrast, SIRT3 knockdown reduced the ability of SOD2 to increase cellular ROS which was directly correlated with stress-induced oxidative damage and ageing in PFFs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings identify one function of SIRT3 in PFFs was to dampen cytotoxicity, and, therefore, to decrease oxidative damage and attenuate ageing possibly by enhancing the activity of SOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Xie
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Liangliang Wang
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Binggong Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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65
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Khanna A, Kumar J, Vargas MA, Barrett L, Katewa S, Li P, McCloskey T, Sharma A, Naudé N, Nelson C, Brem R, Killilea DW, Mooney SD, Gill M, Kapahi P. A genome-wide screen of bacterial mutants that enhance dauer formation in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38764. [PMID: 27958277 PMCID: PMC5153853 DOI: 10.1038/srep38764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular pathways involved in dauer formation, an alternate larval stage that allows Caenorhabditis elegans to survive adverse environmental conditions during development, also modulate longevity and metabolism. The decision to proceed with reproductive development or undergo diapause depends on food abundance, population density, and temperature. In recent years, the chemical identities of pheromone signals that modulate dauer entry have been characterized. However, signals derived from bacteria, the major source of nutrients for C. elegans, remain poorly characterized. To systematically identify bacterial components that influence dauer formation and aging in C. elegans, we utilized the individual gene deletion mutants in E. coli (K12). We identified 56 diverse E. coli deletion mutants that enhance dauer formation in an insulin-like receptor mutant (daf-2) background. We describe the mechanism of action of a bacterial mutant cyaA, that is defective in the production of cyclic AMP, which extends lifespan and enhances dauer formation through the modulation of TGF-β (daf-7) signaling in C. elegans. Our results demonstrate the importance of bacterial components in influencing developmental decisions and lifespan in C. elegans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C. elegans is a useful model to study bacterial-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khanna
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Misha A Vargas
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - LaKisha Barrett
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Subhash Katewa
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Patrick Li
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Tom McCloskey
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Amit Sharma
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - Nicole Naudé
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | | | - Rachel Brem
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
| | - David W Killilea
- Nutrition &Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Matthew Gill
- Department of Metabolism &Aging, The Scripps Research Institute- Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, USA
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66
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Leiser SF, Jafari G, Primitivo M, Sutphin GL, Dong J, Leonard A, Fletcher M, Kaeberlein M. Age-associated vulval integrity is an important marker of nematode healthspan. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:419-431. [PMID: 27566309 PMCID: PMC5266215 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Improving healthspan, defined as the period where organisms live without frailty and/or disease, is a major goal of biomedical research. While healthspan measures in people are relatively easy to identify, developing robust markers of healthspan in model organisms has proven challenging. Studies using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided vital information on the basic mechanisms of aging; however, worm health is difficult to define, and the impact of interventions that increase lifespan on worm healthspan has been controversial. Here, we describe a marker of population healthspan in C. elegans that we term age-associated vulval integrity defects, or Avid, frequently described elsewhere as rupture or exploding. We connect the presence of this phenotype with temperature, reproduction, diet, and longevity. Our results show that Avid occurs in post-reproductive worms under common laboratory conditions at a frequency that correlates negatively with temperature; Avid is rare in worms kept at 25 °C and more frequent in worms kept at 15 °C. We describe the kinetics of Avid, link the phenotype to oocyte production, and describe how Avid involves the ejection of worm proteins and/or internal organ(s) from the vulva. Finally, we find that Avid is preventable by removing worms from food, suggesting that Avid results from the intake, digestion, and/or absorption of food. Our results show that Avid is a significant cause of death in worm populations maintained under laboratory conditions and that its prevention often correlates with worm longevity. We propose that Avid is a powerful marker of worm healthspan whose underlying molecular mechanisms may be conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Leiser
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Gholamali Jafari
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Melissa Primitivo
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - George L Sutphin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jingyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Alison Leonard
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marissa Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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67
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Jęśko H, Wencel P, Strosznajder RP, Strosznajder JB. Sirtuins and Their Roles in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:876-890. [PMID: 27882448 PMCID: PMC5357501 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are unique histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity depends on NAD+ levels and thus on the cellular metabolic status. SIRTs regulate energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. They orchestrate the stress response and damage repair. Through these functions sirtuins modulate the course of aging and affect neurodegenerative diseases. SIRTSs interact with multiple signaling proteins, transcription factors (TFs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) another class of NAD+-dependent post-translational protein modifiers. The cross-talk between SIRTs TFs and PARPs is a highly promising research target in a number of brain pathologies. This review describes updated results on sirtuins in brain aging/neurodegeneration. It focuses on SIRT1 but also on the roles of mitochondrial SIRTs (SIRT3, 4, 5) and on SIRT6 and SIRT2 localized in the nucleus and in cytosol, respectively. The involvement of SIRTs in regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in the brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease was also focused. Moreover, we analyze the mechanism(s) and potential significance of interactions between SIRTs and several TFs in the regulation of cell survival and death. A critical view is given on the application of SIRT activators/modulators in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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68
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Kim DK, Kim TH, Lee SJ. Mechanisms of aging-related proteinopathies in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e263. [PMID: 27713398 PMCID: PMC5099420 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor for human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Pathologically, these diseases are characterized by the deposition of specific protein aggregates in neurons and glia, representing the impairment of neuronal proteostasis. However, the mechanism by which aging affects the proteostasis system and promotes protein aggregation remains largely unknown. The short lifespan and ample genetic resources of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) have made this species a favorite model organism for aging research, and the development of proteinopathy models in this organism has helped us to understand how aging processes affect protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the recent literature on proteinopathies in C. elegans models and discuss the insights we have gained into the mechanisms of how aging processes are integrated into the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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69
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Lucanic M, Garrett T, Yu I, Calahorro F, Asadi Shahmirzadi A, Miller A, Gill MS, Hughes RE, Holden‐Dye L, Lithgow GJ. Chemical activation of a food deprivation signal extends lifespan. Aging Cell 2016; 15:832-41. [PMID: 27220516 PMCID: PMC5013014 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Model organisms subject to dietary restriction (DR) generally live longer. Accompanying this lifespan extension are improvements in overall health, based on multiple metrics. This indicates that pharmacological treatments that mimic the effects of DR could improve health in humans. To find new chemical structures that extend lifespan, we screened 30 000 synthetic, diverse drug‐like chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans and identified several structurally related compounds that acted through DR mechanisms. The most potent of these NP1 impinges upon a food perception pathway by promoting glutamate signaling in the pharynx. This results in the overriding of a GPCR pathway involved in the perception of food and which normally acts to decrease glutamate signals. Our results describe the activation of a dietary restriction response through the pharmacological masking of a novel sensory pathway that signals the presence of food. This suggests that primary sensory pathways may represent novel targets for human pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lucanic
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Theo Garrett
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Ivan Yu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
- Dominican University of California 50 Acacia Avenue San Rafael CA USA
| | - Fernando Calahorro
- Center for Biological Sciences Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Azar Asadi Shahmirzadi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
- Davis School of Gerontology University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Matthew S. Gill
- Department of Metabolism & Aging The Scripps Research Institute‐Scripps Florida 130 Scripps Way Jupiter FL 33458
| | - Robert E. Hughes
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
| | - Lindy Holden‐Dye
- Center for Biological Sciences Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging 8001 Redwood Boulevard Novato CA USA
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70
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Gillespie ZE, Pickering J, Eskiw CH. Better Living through Chemistry: Caloric Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Alter Genome Function to Promote Increased Health and Lifespan. Front Genet 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27588026 PMCID: PMC4988992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), defined as decreased nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been documented to increase both health and lifespan across numerous organisms, including humans. Many drugs and other compounds naturally occurring in our diet (nutraceuticals) have been postulated to act as mimetics of caloric restriction, leading to a wave of research investigating the efficacy of these compounds in preventing age-related diseases and promoting healthier, longer lifespans. Although well studied at the biochemical level, there are still many unanswered questions about how CR and CR mimetics impact genome function and structure. Here we discuss how genome function and structure are influenced by CR and potential CR mimetics, including changes in gene expression profiles and epigenetic modifications and their potential to identify the genetic fountain of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joshua Pickering
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
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71
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Leiser SF, Rossner R, Kaeberlein M. New insights into cell non-autonomous mechanisms of the C. elegans hypoxic response. WORM 2016; 5:e1176823. [PMID: 27383456 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1176823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxic response is a well-studied and highly conserved biological response to low oxygen availability. First described more than 20 y ago, the traditional model for this response is that declining oxygen levels lead to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs), which then bind to hypoxia responsive elements (HREs) in target genes to mediate the transcriptional changes collectively known as the hypoxic response.(1,2) Recent work in C. elegans has forced a re-evaluation of this model by indicating that the worm HIF (HIF-1) can mediate effects in a cell non-autonomous fashion and, in at least one case, increase expression of an intestinal hypoxic response target gene in cells lacking HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Leiser
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan Rossner
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA, USA
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72
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. AMPK and HIF signaling pathways regulate both longevity and cancer growth: the good news and the bad news about survival mechanisms. Biogerontology 2016; 17:655-80. [PMID: 27259535 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-016-9655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathways are evolutionarily-conserved survival mechanisms responding to two fundamental stresses, energy deficiency and/or oxygen deprivation. The AMPK and HIF pathways regulate the function of a survival network with several transcription factors, e.g. FOXO, NF-κB, NRF2, and p53, as well as with protein kinases and other factors, such as mTOR, ULK1, HDAC5, and SIRT1. Given that AMPK and HIF activation can enhance not only healthspan and lifespan but also cancer growth in a context-dependent manner; it seems that cancer cells can hijack certain survival factors to maintain their growth in harsh conditions. AMPK activation improves energy metabolism, stimulates autophagy, and inhibits inflammation, whereas HIF-1α increases angiogenesis and helps cells to adapt to severe conditions. First we will review how AMPK and HIF signaling mechanisms control the function of an integrated survival network which is able not only to improve the regulation of longevity but also support the progression of tumorigenesis. We will also describe distinct crossroads between the regulation of longevity and cancer, e.g. specific regulation through the AMPKα and HIF-α isoforms, the Warburg effect, mitochondrial dynamics, and cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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73
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Kaushik S, Cuervo AM. Proteostasis and aging. Nat Med 2016; 21:1406-15. [PMID: 26646497 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of intracellular damage is an almost universal hallmark of aging. An improved understanding of the systems that contribute to cellular protein quality control has shed light on the reasons for the increased vulnerability of the proteome to stress in aging cells. Maintenance of protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is attained through precisely coordinated systems that rapidly correct unwanted proteomic changes. Here we focus on recent developments that highlight the multidimensional nature of the proteostasis networks, which allow for coordinated protein homeostasis intracellularly, in between cells and even across organs, as well as on how they affect common age-associated diseases when they malfunction in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Kaushik
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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74
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Kumar J, Barhydt T, Awasthi A, Lithgow GJ, Killilea DW, Kapahi P. Zinc Levels Modulate Lifespan through Multiple Longevity Pathways in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153513. [PMID: 27078872 PMCID: PMC4831763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace metal that has integral roles in numerous biological processes, including enzymatic function, protein structure, and cell signaling pathways. Both excess and deficiency of zinc can lead to detrimental effects on development and metabolism, resulting in abnormalities and disease. We altered the zinc balance within Caenorhabditis elegans to examine how changes in zinc burden affect longevity and healthspan in an invertebrate animal model. We found that increasing zinc levels in vivo with excess dietary zinc supplementation decreased the mean and maximum lifespan, whereas reducing zinc levels in vivo with a zinc-selective chelator increased the mean and maximum lifespan in C. elegans. We determined that the lifespan shortening effects of excess zinc required expression of DAF-16, HSF-1 and SKN-1 proteins, whereas the lifespan lengthening effects of the reduced zinc may be partially dependent upon this set of proteins. Furthermore, reducing zinc levels led to greater nuclear localization of DAF-16 and enhanced dauer formation compared to controls, suggesting that the lifespan effects of zinc are mediated in part by the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. Additionally, zinc status correlated with several markers of healthspan in worms, including proteostasis, locomotion and thermotolerance, with reduced zinc levels always associated with improvements in function. Taken together, these data support a role for zinc in regulating both development and lifespan in C. elegans, and that suggest that regulation of zinc homeostasis in the worm may be an example of antagonistic pleiotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- DBT-PU-IPLS Programme, Department of Botany/Biotechnology, Patna University, Patna- 800005, Bihar, India
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
| | - Tracy Barhydt
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - Anjali Awasthi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
| | - David W. Killilea
- Nutrition & Metabolism Center, Children’s Hospital of Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PK); (DWK); (JK)
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75
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Abstract
The aging process is characterized by tissue decline and the onset of age-associated disease. It is not, however, immutable, and aging can be modulated by various genetic and environmental means. One of the interventions that can modulate lifespan is the activation of cellular stress responses, including the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). The ability to activate the UPRER declines with age, while its constitutive activation can extend longevity. It also plays complex roles in the onset and progression of many age-related diseases. Understanding how the UPRER changes with age, and how this impacts upon disease development, may open new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of a range of age-associated diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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76
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Feleciano DR, Arnsburg K, Kirstein J. Interplay between redox and protein homeostasis. WORM 2016; 5:e1170273. [PMID: 27386166 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1170273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The subcellular compartments of eukaryotic cells are characterized by different redox environments. Whereas the cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria are more reducing, the endoplasmic reticulum represents a more oxidizing environment. As the redox level controls the formation of intra- and inter-molecular disulfide bonds, the folding of proteins is tightly linked to its environment. The proteostasis network of each compartment needs to be adapted to the compartmental redox properties. In addition to chaperones, also members of the thioredoxin superfamily can influence the folding of proteins by regulation of cysteine reduction/oxidation. This review will focus on thioredoxin superfamily members and chaperones of C. elegans, which play an important role at the interface between redox and protein homeostasis. Additionally, this review will highlight recent methodological developments on in vivo and in vitro assessment of the redox state and their application to provide insights into the high complexity of redox and proteostasis networks of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo R Feleciano
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. , Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Arnsburg
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. , Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Kirstein
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V. , Berlin, Germany
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77
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McQuary PR, Liao CY, Chang JT, Kumsta C, She X, Davis A, Chu CC, Gelino S, Gomez-Amaro RL, Petrascheck M, Brill LM, Ladiges WC, Kennedy BK, Hansen M. C. elegans S6K Mutants Require a Creatine-Kinase-like Effector for Lifespan Extension. Cell Rep 2016; 14:2059-2067. [PMID: 26923601 PMCID: PMC4823261 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of S6 kinase (S6K) extends the lifespan of multiple species, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. To discover potential effectors of S6K-mediated longevity, we performed a proteomics analysis of long-lived rsks-1/S6K C. elegans mutants compared to wild-type animals. We identified the arginine kinase ARGK-1 as the most significantly enriched protein in rsks-1/S6K mutants. ARGK-1 is an ortholog of mammalian creatine kinase, which maintains cellular ATP levels. We found that argk-1 is possibly a selective effector of rsks-1/S6K-mediated longevity and that overexpression of ARGK-1 extends C. elegans lifespan, in part by activating the energy sensor AAK-2/AMPK. argk-1 is also required for the reduced body size and increased stress resistance observed in rsks-1/S6K mutants. Finally, creatine kinase levels are increased in the brains of S6K1 knockout mice. Our study identifies ARGK-1 as a longevity effector in C. elegans with reduced RSKS-1/S6K levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip R McQuary
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jessica T Chang
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caroline Kumsta
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xingyu She
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Davis
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chu-Chiao Chu
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sara Gelino
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Laurence M Brill
- Proteomics Facility, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Warren C Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98034, USA
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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78
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Hou L, Wang D, Chen D, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Xu C, Sun N, McDermott J, Mair WB, Han JDJ. A Systems Approach to Reverse Engineer Lifespan Extension by Dietary Restriction. Cell Metab 2016; 23:529-40. [PMID: 26959186 PMCID: PMC5110149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is the most powerful natural means to extend lifespan. Although several genes can mediate responses to alternate DR regimens, no single genetic intervention has recapitulated the full effects of DR, and no unified system is known for different DR regimens. Here we obtain temporally resolved transcriptomes during calorie restriction and intermittent fasting in Caenorhabditis elegans and find that early and late responses involve metabolism and cell cycle/DNA damage, respectively. We uncover three network modules of DR regulators by their target specificity. By genetic manipulations of nodes representing discrete modules, we induce transcriptomes that progressively resemble DR as multiple nodes are perturbed. Targeting all three nodes simultaneously results in extremely long-lived animals that are refractory to DR. These results and dynamic simulations demonstrate that extensive feedback controls among regulators may be leveraged to drive the regulatory circuitry to a younger steady state, recapitulating the full effect of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210061, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Beijing Key Lab of Traffic Data Analysis and Mining, School of Computer and Information Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Joseph McDermott
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - William B Mair
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Park EC, Rongo C. The p38 MAP kinase pathway modulates the hypoxia response and glutamate receptor trafficking in aging neurons. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26731517 PMCID: PMC4775213 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons are sensitive to low oxygen (hypoxia) and employ a conserved pathway to combat its effects. Here, we show that p38 MAP Kinase (MAPK) modulates this hypoxia response pathway in C. elegans. Mutants lacking p38 MAPK components pmk-1 or sek-1 resemble mutants lacking the hypoxia response component and prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, with impaired subcellular localization of Mint orthologue LIN-10, internalization of glutamate receptor GLR-1, and depression of GLR-1-mediated behaviors. Loss of p38 MAPK impairs EGL-9 protein localization in neurons and activates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1, suggesting that p38 MAPK inhibits the hypoxia response pathway through EGL-9. As animals age, p38 MAPK levels decrease, resulting in GLR-1 internalization; this age-dependent downregulation can be prevented through either p38 MAPK overexpression or removal of CDK-5, an antagonizing kinase. Our findings demonstrate that p38 MAPK inhibits the hypoxia response pathway and determines how aging neurons respond to hypoxia through a novel mechanism. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12010.001 The brain accounts for 2% of our body weight, but consumes about 20% of our oxygen intake. This oxygen gluttony is due to the tremendous appetite of brain cells for energy, which neurons satisfy through oxygen-dependent (aerobic) metabolism. As a result, the loss of oxygen to the brain during a stroke, heart attack, or due to another medical condition can be very damaging to cells in the brain. Human and other animal cells use a communication system called the hypoxia response pathway to sense oxygen and trigger a protective response when oxygen is low. This pathway includes an enzyme called prolyl hydroxylase, which senses oxygen and modifies another protein in the pathway that regulates the production of enzymes involved in metabolism. This alters the balance of enzymes involved in aerobic and oxygen-independent (anaerobic) metabolism in the cell. However, it is not clear how the activity of the prolyl hydroxylase is regulated. Much of our knowledge about the hypoxia response pathway has been gained from studies using a small worm called C. elegans. This worm uses the pathway to cope with hypoxia in the harsh environment of the soil. Mutant worms that lack the prolyl hydroxylase have several abnormalities including higher levels of anaerobic metabolism even in the presence of oxygen, and defects in the connections between neurons. Park and Rongo used C. elegans to study the pathway in more detail. The experiments show that another enzyme called p38 MAPK activates the prolyl hydroxylase. Mutant worms that lack this enzyme have similar abnormalities in the hypoxia response pathway as animals that lack the prolyl hydroxylase. In normal worms, decreasing levels of p38 MAPK as the animals grow older contribute to the decline in the nervous system. The p38 MAPK enzyme appears to work by regulating the activity of the prolyl hydroxylase and its location inside neurons. These findings provide a new target for the development of drugs that may help to protect us from tissue damage caused by hypoxia. Future challenges are to find out what activates p38 MAPK, and how it influences the location of prolyl hydroxylase in neurons. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12010.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Chan Park
- The Waksman Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Genetics, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States
| | - Christopher Rongo
- The Waksman Institute, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States.,Department of Genetics, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, United States
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80
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Wang L, Cui S, Ma L, Kong L, Geng X. Current advances in the novel functions of hypoxia-inducible factor and prolyl hydroxylase in invertebrates. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:634-648. [PMID: 26387499 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for aerobic life, and hypoxia has very severe consequences. Organisms need to overcome low oxygen levels to maintain biological functions during normal development and in disease states. The mechanism underlying the hypoxic response has been widely investigated in model animals such as Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a key gene product in the response to oxygen deprivation, is primarily regulated by prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes (PHDs). However, recent findings have uncovered novel HIF-independent functions of PHDs. This review provides an overview of how invertebrates are able to sustain hypoxic damages, and highlights some recent discoveries in the regulation of cellular signalling by PHDs. Given that some core genes and major pathways are evolutionarily conserved, these research findings could provide insight into oxygen-sensitive signalling in mammals, and have biomedical implications for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - S Cui
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - L Ma
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - L Kong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
| | - X Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China
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81
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Medkour Y, Svistkova V, Titorenko VI. Cell-Nonautonomous Mechanisms Underlying Cellular and Organismal Aging. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 321:259-97. [PMID: 26811290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-autonomous mechanisms underlying cellular and organismal aging in evolutionarily distant eukaryotes have been established; these mechanisms regulate longevity-defining processes within a single eukaryotic cell. Recent findings have provided valuable insight into cell-nonautonomous mechanisms modulating cellular and organismal aging in eukaryotes across phyla; these mechanisms involve a transmission of various longevity factors between different cells, tissues, and organisms. Herein, we review such cell-nonautonomous mechanisms of aging in eukaryotes. We discuss the following: (1) how low molecular weight transmissible longevity factors modulate aging and define longevity of cells in yeast populations cultured in liquid media or on solid surfaces, (2) how communications between proteostasis stress networks operating in neurons and nonneuronal somatic tissues define longevity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by modulating the rates of aging in different tissues, and (3) how different bacterial species colonizing the gut lumen of C. elegans define nematode longevity by modulating the rate of organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Medkour
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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82
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Rhoads TW, Prasad A, Kwiecien NW, Merrill AE, Zawack K, Westphall MS, Schroeder FC, Kimble J, Coon JJ. NeuCode Labeling in Nematodes: Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Impact of Ascaroside Treatment in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2922-35. [PMID: 26392051 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.049684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is an important model organism for biomedical research. We previously described NeuCode stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC), a method for accurate proteome quantification with potential for multiplexing beyond the limits of traditional stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture. Here we apply NeuCode SILAC to profile the proteomic and phosphoproteomic response of C. elegans to two potent members of the ascaroside family of nematode pheromones. By consuming labeled E. coli as part of their diet, C. elegans nematodes quickly and easily incorporate the NeuCode heavy lysine isotopologues by the young adult stage. Using this approach, we report, at high confidence, one of the largest proteomic and phosphoproteomic data sets to date in C. elegans: 6596 proteins at a false discovery rate ≤ 1% and 6620 phosphorylation isoforms with localization probability ≥75%. Our data reveal a post-translational signature of pheromone sensing that includes many conserved proteins implicated in longevity and response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aman Prasad
- ‖Biochemistry, and **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | | | | | - Kelson Zawack
- ‡‡Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | | | - Frank C Schroeder
- ‡‡Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Judith Kimble
- ‖Biochemistry, and **Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706
| | - Joshua J Coon
- From the Departments of ‡Chemistry, §Biomolecular Chemistry, ¶Genome Center,
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83
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Protein synthesis as an integral quality control mechanism during ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 23:75-89. [PMID: 25555680 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is manifested as functional and structural deterioration that affects cell and tissue physiology. mRNA translation is a central cellular process, supplying cells with newly synthesized proteins. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in protein synthesis are not merely a corollary but rather a critical factor for the progression of ageing. Here, we survey protein synthesis regulatory mechanisms and focus on the pre-translational regulation of the process exerted by non-coding RNA species, RNA binding proteins and alterations of intrinsic RNA properties. In addition, we discuss the tight relationship between mRNA translation and two central pathways that modulate ageing, namely the insulin/IGF-1 and TOR signalling cascades. A thorough understanding of the complex interplay between protein synthesis regulation and ageing will provide critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, associated with impaired proteostasis and protein quality control.
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84
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Zhang N, Ji N, Jiang WM, Li ZY, Wang M, Wen JM, Li Y, Chen X, Chen JM. Hypoxia-induced autophagy promotes human prostate stromal cells survival and ER-stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015. [PMID: 26212439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is emerging as one of the most common diseases seriously threatening the health of elderly men. Accumulating evidences indicate that hypoxia could induce BPH. However, the underlying mechanism of BPH induced by hypoxia is not clear. In the study, hypoxia-induced autophagy could promote cell survival and endoplasmic reticula stress (ER stress) in WPMY-1 cells. Cell viability induced by hypoxia could been decreased by autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) or siRNA interference in two autophagy genes (Beclin1, ATG5) in WPMY-1 cells. Furthermore, ER stress was present in hypoxia-treated WPMY-1 cells, while autophagy and cell survival could been inhibited by C/EBP-homologous protein siRNA (CHOP), which is an important protein of ER stress pathway. Taken together, our data support a novel model that autophagy as a cytoprotective response promotes cell survival via ER stress under hypoxia in human prostate stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhong-Yi Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ming Wen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Central Hospital of Jilin City, Jilin, China
| | - Ji-Min Chen
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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85
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Cui HJ, Liu XG, McCormick M, Wasko BM, Zhao W, He X, Yuan Y, Fang BX, Sun XR, Kennedy BK, Suh Y, Zhou ZJ, Kaeberlein M, Feng WL. PMT1 deficiency enhances basal UPR activity and extends replicative lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:9788. [PMID: 25936926 PMCID: PMC4417673 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pmt1p is an important member of the protein O-mannosyltransferase (PMT) family of enzymes, which participates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPR), an important pathway for alleviating ER stress. ER stress and the UPR have been implicated in aging and age-related diseases in several organisms; however, a possible role for PMT1 in determining lifespan has not been previously described. In this study, we report that deletion of PMT1 increases replicative lifespan (RLS) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while overexpression of PMT1 (PMT1-OX) reduces RLS. Relative to wild-type and PMT1-OX strains, the pmt1Δ strain had enhanced HAC1 mRNA splicing and elevated expression levels of UPR target genes. Furthermore, the increased RLS of the pmt1Δ strain could be completely abolished by deletion of either IRE1 or HAC1, two upstream modulators of the UPR. The double deletion strains pmt1Δhac1Δ and pmt1Δire1Δ also displayed generally reduced transcription of UPR target genes. Collectively, our results suggest that PMT1 deficiency enhances basal activity of the ER UPR and extends the RLS of yeast mother cells through a mechanism that requires both IRE1 and HAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jing Cui
- />Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark McCormick
- />Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 98945 USA
| | - Brian M. Wasko
- />Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98159 USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-Xiong Fang
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Rong Sun
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
| | - Brian K. Kennedy
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 98945 USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Zhong-Jun Zhou
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- />Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan, 523808 People’s Republic of China
- />Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98159 USA
| | - Wen-Li Feng
- />Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016 People’s Republic of China
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86
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Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction in aging-insights from Caenorhabditis elegans research. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:352-8. [PMID: 25794944 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) is one of the most robust environmental manipulations that not only extend life span but also delay the onset of age-related diseases in almost every species examined. Caenorhabditis elegans plays an important role in aging studies due to its simple life cycle, easy genetic manipulations and highly conserved genome. Recent studies have demonstrated that the beneficial effects of DR are mediated by the highly conserved transcription factors and signaling pathways in C. elegans. Here we review recent progress in the methodology and molecular mechanisms of DR using C. elegans as a model, as well as prospects for future research.
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87
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Carvalhal Marques F, Volovik Y, Cohen E. The Roles of Cellular and Organismal Aging in the Development of Late-Onset Maladies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2015; 10:1-23. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012414-040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Carvalhal Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University School of Medicine, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
- Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yuli Volovik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University School of Medicine, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Ehud Cohen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University School of Medicine, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
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88
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Emran S, Yang M, He X, Zandveld J, Piper MDW. Target of rapamycin signalling mediates the lifespan-extending effects of dietary restriction by essential amino acid alteration. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:390-8. [PMID: 24861087 PMCID: PMC4069266 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR), defined as a moderate reduction in food intake short of malnutrition, has been shown to extend healthy lifespan in a diverse range of organisms, from yeast to primates. Reduced signalling through the insulin/IGF-like (IIS) and Target of Rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathways also extend lifespan. In Drosophila melanogaster the lifespan benefits of DR can be reproduced by modulating only the essential amino acids in yeast based food. Here, we show that pharmacological downregulation of TOR signalling, but not reduced IIS, modulates the lifespan response to DR by amino acid alteration. Of the physiological responses flies exhibit upon DR, only increased body fat and decreased heat stress resistance phenotypes correlated with longevity via reduced TOR signalling. These data indicate that lowered dietary amino acids promote longevity via TOR, not by enhanced resistance to molecular damage, but through modified physiological conditions that favour fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Emran
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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89
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The hypoxia signaling pathway and hypoxic adaptation in fishes. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:148-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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90
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A HIF-independent mediator of transcriptional responses to oxygen deprivation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2014; 199:739-48. [PMID: 25552276 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.173989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptive response to hypoxia is accompanied by widespread transcriptional changes that allow for prolonged survival in low oxygen. Many of these changes are directly regulated by the conserved hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) complex; however, even in its absence, many oxygen-sensitive transcripts in Caenorhabditis elegans are appropriately regulated in hypoxia. To identify mediators of these non-HIF-dependent responses, we established a hif-1 mutant reporter line that expresses GFP in hypoxia or when worms are treated with the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride (CoCl2). The reporter is selective and HIF independent, in that it remains insensitive to a number of cellular stresses, but is unaffected by mutation of the prolyl hydroxylase egl-9, suggesting that the regulators of this response pathway are different from those controlling the HIF pathway. We used the HIF-independent reporter to screen a transcription factor RNA interference (RNAi) library and identified genes that are required for hypoxia-sensitive and CoCl2-induced GFP expression. We identified the zinc finger protein BLMP-1 as a mediator of the HIF-independent response. We show that mutation of blmp-1 renders animals sensitive to hypoxic exposure and that blmp-1 is required for appropriate hypoxic-induced expression of HIF-independent transcripts. Further, we demonstrate that BLMP-1 is necessary for an increase of hypoxia-dependent histone acetylation within the promoter of a non-HIF-dependent hypoxia response gene.
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91
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Feedback regulation via AMPK and HIF-1 mediates ROS-dependent longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E4458-67. [PMID: 25288734 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411199111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild inhibition of mitochondrial respiration extends the lifespan of many species. In Caenorhabditis elegans, reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote longevity by activating hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) in response to reduced mitochondrial respiration. However, the physiological role and mechanism of ROS-induced longevity are poorly understood. Here, we show that a modest increase in ROS increases the immunity and lifespan of C. elegans through feedback regulation by HIF-1 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We found that activation of AMPK as well as HIF-1 mediates the longevity response to ROS. We further showed that AMPK reduces internal levels of ROS, whereas HIF-1 amplifies the levels of internal ROS under conditions that increase ROS. Moreover, mitochondrial ROS increase resistance to various pathogenic bacteria, suggesting a possible association between immunity and long lifespan. Thus, AMPK and HIF-1 may control immunity and longevity tightly by acting as feedback regulators of ROS.
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92
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Brokate-Llanos AM, Garzón A, Muñoz MJ. Escherichia coli carbon source metabolism affects longevity of its predator Caenorhabditis elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2014; 141-142:22-5. [PMID: 25263107 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nutrition is probably the most determinant factor affecting aging. Microorganisms of the intestinal flora lay in the interface between available nutrients and nutrients that are finally absorbed by multicellular organisms. They participate in the processing and transformation of these nutrients in a symbiotic or commensalistic relationship. In addition, they can also be pathogens. Alive Escherichia coli OP50 are usually used to culture the bacteriovorus nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we report a beneficial effect of low concentration of saccharides on the longevity of C. elegans. This effect is only observed when the bacterium can metabolize the sugar, suggesting that physiological changes in the bacterium feeding on the saccharides are the cause of this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Brokate-Llanos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Andrés Garzón
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km1, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo (CABD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, km1, Seville 41013, Spain.
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93
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Matos L, Gouveia AM, Almeida H. ER Stress Response in Human Cellular Models of Senescence. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:924-35. [PMID: 25149687 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by progressive accumulation of damaged biomolecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, as result of increased oxidative stress accompanying cellular senescence. In agreement, we hypothesized that WI-38 human cellular models of replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2-SIPS) or copper sulfate (CuSO4-SIPS) would present endoplasmic reticulum chaperoning mechanisms impairment and unfolded protein response activation. Results show that in replicative senescence and CuSO4-SIPS, immunoglobulin binding protein, calnexin, protein disulfide isomerase, and ER oxireductin-1 levels adjust to restore proteostasis and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)-, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6)-, and pancreatic ER kinase (PERK)-mediated unfolded protein response are activated. However, H2O2-SIPS does not exhibit IRE1 and ATF6 pathways activation but a PERK-mediated upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, showing that CuSO4-SIPS mimics better the endoplasmic reticulum molecular events of replicative senescence than H2O2-SIPS. Moreover, unfolded protein response activation is required for both SIPS models induction, because PERK and IRE1 inhibitors decreased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase appearance. In CuSO4-SIPS, the decrease in senescence levels is associated with PERK-driven, but IRE1 independent, cell cycle arrest while in H2O2-SIPS cell proliferation is PERK independent. These results add a step further on the molecular mechanisms that regulate senescence induction; moreover, they validate CuSO4-SIPS model as a useful tool to study cellular stress responses during aging, hoping to postpone age-related health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Matos
- Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Departamento de Biologia Experimental, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Ageing and Stress, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Monteiro Gouveia
- Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Departamento de Biologia Experimental, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Ageing and Stress, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Almeida
- Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Departamento de Biologia Experimental, IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Ageing and Stress, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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94
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Munkácsy E, Rea SL. The paradox of mitochondrial dysfunction and extended longevity. Exp Gerontol 2014; 56:221-33. [PMID: 24699406 PMCID: PMC4104296 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play numerous, essential roles in the life of eukaryotes. Disruption of mitochondrial function in humans is often pathological or even lethal. Surprisingly, in some organisms mitochondrial dysfunction can result in life extension. This paradox has been studied most extensively in the long-lived Mit mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this review, we explore the major responses that are activated following mitochondrial dysfunction in these animals and how these responses potentially act to extend their life. We focus our attention on five broad areas of current research--reactive oxygen species signaling, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, autophagy, metabolic adaptation, and the roles played by various transcription factors. Lastly, we also examine why disruption of complexes I and II differ in their ability to induce the Mit phenotype and extend lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Munkácsy
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA
| | - Shane L Rea
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78245-3207, USA.
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95
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Lifespan regulation under axenic dietary restriction: a close look at the usual suspects. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:96-103. [PMID: 25066271 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, there are several ways to impose dietary restriction (DR) all of which extend lifespan to a different degree. Until recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the DR-mediated lifespan extension were completely unknown but extensive efforts led to the identification of several key players in this process. Culture in sterile axenic medium is a method of DR (ADR), leading to an impressive doubling of lifespan. Earlier, we established that ADR-mediated longevity is independent of Ins/IGF signaling and eat-2. The only gene reported to be indispensable for the ADR lifespan effect is cbp-1 (Zhang et al., 2009) which was confirmed in this study. In an attempt to identify more genes involved in ADR-mediated longevity, we tested several candidate genes known to regulate lifespan extension in other DR regimens. We found that cup-4 is equally important as cbp-1 in ADR-mediated longevity and we identified some genes that may contribute to ADR-induced longevity, but are not required for the full lifespan effect.
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96
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Longevity manipulations differentially affect serotonin/dopamine level and behavioral deterioration in aging Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3947-58. [PMID: 24623772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4013-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied with behavioral and cognitive decline. Changes in the neurotransmitter level are associated with the age-related behavioral deterioration, but whether well-known longevity manipulations affect the function of neurotransmitter system in aging animals is largely unclear. Here we report that serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) level decrease with age in C. elegans. The reduction results in downregulation of the activity of neurons controlled by 5-HT/DA signaling, and deterioration of some important behaviors, including pharyngeal pumping, food-induced slowing responses, and male mating. Longevity manipulations differentially affect the age-related decline in neuronal level of 5-HT/DA. The reduction and resultant behavioral deterioration occur in long-lived worms with defective insulin signaling [daf-2(e1370), age-1(hx546)] or mitochondria function [isp-1(qm150), tpk-1(qm162)], but not in long-lived worms with dietary restriction eat-2(ad1116). A reduced expression level of dopa decarboxylase BAS-1, the shared enzyme for 5-HT/DA synthesis, is responsible for the decline in 5-HT/DA levels. RNAi assay revealed that the sustained 5-HT/DA level in neurons of aged eat-2(ad1116) worms requires PHA-4 and its effectors superoxide dismutases and catalases, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in the 5-HT/DA decline. Furthermore, we found that elevating 5-HT/DA ameliorates age-related deterioration of pharyngeal pumping, food-induced slowing responses, and male mating in both wild-type and daf-2(e1370) worms. Together, dietary restriction preserves healthy behaviors in aged worms at least partially by sustaining a high 5-HT/DA level, and elevating the 5-HT/DA level in wild-type and daf-2(e1370) worms improves their behaviors during aging.
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97
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Yang Z, Zhao TZ, Zou YJ, Zhang JH, Feng H. Hypoxia Induces autophagic cell death through hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in microglia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96509. [PMID: 24818601 PMCID: PMC4018331 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As phagocytic cells of central nervous system, excessive activation or cell death of microglia is involved in a lot of nervous system injury and degenerative disease, such as stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that hypoxia upregulates HIF-1α expression leading to cell death of microglia. However, the exact mechanism of cell death induced by hypoxia in microglia is not clear. In the current study, we showed that hypoxia induced cell death and autophagy in microglia. The suppression of autophagy using either pharmacologic inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin A1) or RNA interference in essential autophagy genes (BECN1 and ATG5) decreased the cell death induced by hypoxia in microglia cells. Moreover, the suppression of HIF-1α using either pharmacologic inhibitors (3-MA, Baf A1) or RNA interference decreased the microglia death and autophagy in vitro. Taken together, these data indicate that hypoxia contributes to autophagic cell death of microglia through HIF-1α, and provide novel therapeutic interventions for cerebral hypoxic diseases associated with microglia activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tian-zhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-jie Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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98
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Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
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99
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Pérez-Jiménez MM, Rodríguez-Palero MJ, Ródenas E, Askjaer P, Muñoz MJ. Age-dependent changes of nuclear morphology are uncoupled from longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans IGF/insulin receptor daf-2 mutants. Biogerontology 2014; 15:279-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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100
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S6 kinase inhibits intrinsic axon regeneration capacity via AMP kinase in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurosci 2014; 34:758-63. [PMID: 24431434 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2886-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of axons to regrow after injury is determined by the complex interplay of intrinsic growth programs and external cues. In Caenorhabditis elegans mechanosensory neuron, axons exhibit robust regenerative regrowth following laser axotomy. By surveying conserved metabolic signaling pathways, we have identified the ribosomal S6 kinase RSKS-1 as a new cell-autonomous inhibitor of axon regeneration. RSKS-1 is not required for axonal development but inhibits axon regrowth after injury in multiple neuron types. Loss of function in rsks-1 results in more rapid growth cone formation after injury and accelerates subsequent axon extension. The enhanced regrowth of rsks-1 mutants is partly dependent on the DLK-1 MAPK cascade. An essential output of RSKS-1 in axon regrowth is the metabolic sensor AMP kinase, AAK-2. We further show that the antidiabetic drug phenformin, which activates AMP kinase, can promote axon regrowth. Our data reveal a new function for an S6 kinase acting through an AMP kinase in regenerative growth of injured axons.
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