51
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Xiao J, Zhou Y, Ye M, An Y, Wang K, Wu Q, Song L, Zhang J, He H, Zhang Q, Wu J. Freeze-Thawing Chitosan/Ions Hydrogel Coated Gauzes Releasing Multiple Metal Ions on Demand for Improved Infected Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001591. [PMID: 33320448 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance of metal ions in the wound microenvironment is a key factor that leads to delayed wound healing. However, single metal administration to enhance wound repair is usually not enough due to the overlapping nature of the wound healing phases. Herein, a facile freeze-thawing strategy is developed to incorporate chitosan/ions hydrogel into medical gauzes to realize on-demand release of multiple ions to accelerate wound healing. In vitro study reveals that the gauzes can temporally release multiple metal ions on demand, and the released metal ions show effectiveness in killing bacteria and expediting cell migration. In vivo studies demonstrate that the metal ions loaded gauzes can efficiently enhance infected wound healing. Further histological analysis find that these metal ion-loaded gauzes accelerate wound healing by promoting granulation formation, collagen deposition and maturation, re-epithelization, angiogenesis, and inhibiting inflammation via regulating the expression of inflammatory factors (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α) and polarization of macrophages. Thus, this novel metal ions delivery system has great potential in infected tissue repair and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Yajiao Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 P. R. China
| | - Ying An
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Kangning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Liwan Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 P. R. China
| | - Huacheng He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 P. R. China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325000 P. R. China
| | - Jiang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 P. R. China
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52
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Abstract
Scars affect millions of patients worldwide, yet their treatment efficacy and options clinically remain limited. In recent years, increased understanding of scar formation pathways leading to developments in nanotechnology have opened many opportunities for scar detection, prevention, and treatment due to the nanoscale features and therapeutic delivery capabilities of such technologies. Led by nanoparticles (NPs) and nanofibers, these novel strategies can aid in reducing scar contracture, improving wound-healing efficacy, and advancing progress towards scarless wound healing.
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53
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Octenidine-based hydrogel shows anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory capacities in wounded human skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:32. [PMID: 33420112 PMCID: PMC7794247 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) is a widely used antiseptic molecule, promoting skin wound healing accompanied with improved scar quality after surgical procedures. However, the mechanisms by which OCT is contributing to tissue regeneration are not yet completely clear. In this study, we have used a superficial wound model by tape stripping of ex vivo human skin. Protein profiles of wounded skin biopsies treated with OCT-containing hydrogel and the released secretome were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Proteomics analysis of OCT-treated skin wounds revealed significant lower levels of key players in tissue remodeling as well as reepithelization after wounding such as pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-6) and matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9) when compared to controls. In addition, enzymatic activity of several released MMPs into culture supernatants was significantly lower in OCT-treated samples. Our data give insights on the mode of action based on which OCT positively influences wound healing and identified anti-inflammatory and protease-inhibitory activities of OCT.
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54
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Stoica AE, Grumezescu AM, Hermenean AO, Andronescu E, Vasile BS. Scar-Free Healing: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2179. [PMID: 33142891 PMCID: PMC7693882 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Every year, millions of people develop scars due to skin injuries after trauma, surgery, or skin burns. From the beginning of wound healing development, scar hyperplasia, and prolonged healing time in wound healing have been severe problems. Based on the difference between adult and fetal wound healing processes, many promising therapies have been developed to decrease scar formation in skin wounds. Currently, there is no good or reliable therapy to cure or prevent scar formation. This work briefly reviews the engineering methods of scarless wound healing, focusing on regenerative biomaterials and different cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular components in regenerative wound healing to minimize skin damage cell types, and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Elena Stoica
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.M.G.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.M.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Anca Oana Hermenean
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.M.G.); (E.A.)
| | - Bogdan Stefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1–7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (A.E.S.); (A.M.G.); (E.A.)
- National Research Center for Micro and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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55
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Bolaños-Castro LA, Walters HE, García Vázquez RO, Yun MH. Immunity in salamander regeneration: Where are we standing and where are we headed? Dev Dyn 2020; 250:753-767. [PMID: 32924213 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salamanders exhibit the most extensive regenerative repertoire among vertebrates, being able to accomplish scar-free healing and faithful regeneration of significant parts of the eye, heart, brain, spinal cord, jaws and gills, as well as entire appendages throughout life. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying salamander regeneration are currently under extensive examination, with the hope of identifying the key drivers in each context, understanding interspecies differences in regenerative capacity, and harnessing this knowledge in therapeutic settings. The immune system has recently emerged as a potentially critical player in regenerative responses. Components of both innate and adaptive immunity have been found at critical stages of regeneration in a range of salamander tissues. Moreover, functional studies have identified a requirement for macrophages during heart and limb regeneration. However, our knowledge of salamander immunity remains scarce, and a thorough definition of the precise roles played by its members is lacking. Here, we examine the evidence supporting roles for immunity in various salamander regeneration models. We pinpoint observations that need revisiting through modern genetic approaches, uncover knowledge gaps, and highlight insights from various model organisms that could guide future explorations toward an understanding of the functions of immunity in regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Elisabeth Walters
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rubén Octavio García Vázquez
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Maximina Hee Yun
- Technische Universität Dresden, CRTD/Center for Regenerative Therapies TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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56
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Pan BH, Zhang Q, Lam CH, Yin Yuen H, Kuang S, Zhao X. WITHDRAWN: Petite miracles: insight into the nano-management of scarless wound healing. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1772. [PMID: 32268202 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Ho Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Hei Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ho Yin Yuen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shifeng Kuang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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57
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Dawson LA, Schanes PP, Marrero L, Jordan K, Brunauer R, Zimmel KN, Qureshi O, Imholt FM, Falck AR, Yan M, Dolan CP, Yu L, Muneoka K. Proximal digit tip amputation initiates simultaneous blastema and transient fibrosis formation and results in partial regeneration. Wound Repair Regen 2020; 29:196-205. [PMID: 32815252 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Complete extremity regeneration in mammals is restricted to distal amputations of the digit tip, the terminal phalanx (P3). In mice, P3 regeneration is mediated via the formation of a blastema, a transient population of progenitor cells that form from the blending of periosteal and endosteal/marrow compartmentalized cells that undergo differentiation to restore the amputated structures. Compartmentalized blastema cells are formed independently, and periosteal compartment-derived cells are required for restoration of amputated skeletal length. P3 regenerative capacity is progressively attenuated at increasingly more proximal amputation levels, eventually resulting in regenerative failure. The continuum of regenerative capacity within the P3 wound milieu is a unique model to investigate mammalian blastema formation in response to distal amputation, as well as the healing response associated with regenerative failure at proximal amputation levels. We report that P3 proximal amputation healing, previously reported to result in regenerative failure, is not an example of complete regenerative failure, but instead is characterized by a limited bone regeneration response restricted to the endosteal/marrow compartment. The regeneration response is mediated by blastema formation within the endosteal/marrow compartment, and blastemal osteogenesis progresses through intramembranous ossification in a polarized proximal to distal sequence. Unlike bone regeneration following distal P3 amputation, osteogenesis within the periosteal compartment is not observed in response to proximal P3 amputation. We provide evidence that proximal P3 amputation initiates the formation of fibrotic tissue that isolates the endosteal/marrow compartment from the periosteal compartment and wound epidermis. While the fibrotic response is transient and later resolved, these studies demonstrate that blastema formation and fibrosis can occur in close proximity, with the regenerative response dominating the final outcome. Moreover, the results suggest that the attenuated proximal P3 regeneration response is associated with the absence of periosteal-compartment participation in blastema formation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Dawson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Paula P Schanes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Luis Marrero
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kathryn Jordan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Regina Brunauer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine N Zimmel
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Osama Qureshi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Felisha M Imholt
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Alyssa R Falck
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mingquan Yan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Connor P Dolan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ken Muneoka
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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58
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Arenas Gómez CM, Sabin KZ, Echeverri K. Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix. Dev Dyn 2020; 249:834-846. [PMID: 32314465 PMCID: PMC7383677 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration is widespread in the animal kingdom. To date, key roles for different molecular and cellular programs in regeneration have been described, but the ultimate blueprint for this talent remains elusive. In animals capable of tissue regeneration, one of the most crucial stages is wound healing, whose main goal is to close the wound and prevent infection. In this stage, it is necessary to avoid scar formation to facilitate the activation of the immune system and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, key factors in promoting tissue regeneration. In this review, we will discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the role of the immune system and the interplay with the extracellular matrix to trigger a regenerative response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. Arenas Gómez
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Keith Z. Sabin
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods HoleMassachusettsUSA
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59
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Wang ZX, Kim SH. Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy (660 nm) on Wound Healing of Rat Skin Infected by Staphylococcus. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2020; 38:419-424. [PMID: 32466696 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the impact of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on healing of infected wounds and document the microscopic findings throughout the recovery process. Background: Previous studies have suggested that PBM accelerates wound healing and reduces inflammation and pain. However, the ideal protocol and ultimate value of PBM treatment for infected wounds are controversial. Materials and methods: Eight-month-old male rats were randomly divided into the control group, the nonirradiation group, or the irradiation group. A 1 cm diameter skin excision was made. The wounds of the nonirradiated and irradiated rats were inoculated with a suspension of Staphylococcus aureus. We then performed 7 days of PBM therapy at a wavelength of 660 nm for 35 min/day. On day 8, the rats were sacrificed for histological assessment. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and a proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) kit. Defect diameter was calculated using the Visus Image Analysis System. Results: The irradiated group had more epithelial cells and richer granulation tissue compared to those in the other groups. The irradiation group had a significantly smaller defect size than the nonirradiation group (p < 0.01) and the control group (p < 0.05). The amount of collagen was highest in the irradiation group and was graded as 3, 2, and 3+ in the control, nonirradiation, and irradiation groups, respectively. The percentage of PCNA in the control group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: PBM therapy (660 nm) promoted cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, thereby improving the wound healing response to an S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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60
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Vasvani S, Kulkarni P, Rawtani D. Hyaluronic acid: A review on its biology, aspects of drug delivery, route of administrations and a special emphasis on its approved marketed products and recent clinical studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:1012-1029. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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61
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Cyr JL, Gawriluk TR, Kimani JM, Rada B, Watford WT, Kiama SG, Seifert AW, Ezenwa VO. Regeneration-Competent and -Incompetent Murids Differ in Neutrophil Quantity and Function. Integr Comp Biol 2020; 59:1138-1149. [PMID: 30989211 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is rare in mammals, but spiny mice (Acomys spp.) naturally regenerate skin and ear holes. Inflammation is thought to inhibit regeneration during wound healing, but aspects of inflammation contribute to both regeneration and pathogen defense. We compared neutrophil traits among uninjured, regeneration-competent (Acomys: A. cahirinus, A. kempi, A. percivali) and -incompetent (Mus musculus: Swiss Webster, wild-caught strains) murids to test for constitutive differences in neutrophil quantity and function between these groups. Neutrophil quantity differed significantly among species. In blood, Acomys had lower percentages of circulating neutrophils than Mus; and in bone marrow, Acomys had higher percentages of band neutrophils and lower percentages of segmented neutrophils. Functionally, Acomys and Mus neutrophils did not differ in their ability to migrate or produce reactive oxygen species, but Acomys neutrophils phagocytosed more fungal zymosan. Despite this enhanced phagocytosis activity, Acomys neutrophils were not more effective than Mus neutrophils at killing Escherichia coli. Interestingly, whole blood bacteria killing was dominated by serum in Acomys versus neutrophils only or neutrophils and serum in Mus, suggesting that Acomys primarily rely on serum to kill bacteria whereas Mus do not. These subtle differences in neutrophil traits may allow regeneration-competent species to offset damaging effects of inflammation without compromising pathogen defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cyr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Thomas R Gawriluk
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - John M Kimani
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Balázs Rada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Wendy T Watford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephen G Kiama
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Vanessa O Ezenwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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62
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Transcriptional analysis of scar-free wound healing during early stages of tail regeneration in the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2019.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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63
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Adler M, Mayo A, Zhou X, Franklin RA, Meizlish ML, Medzhitov R, Kallenberger SM, Alon U. Principles of Cell Circuits for Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. iScience 2020; 23:100841. [PMID: 32058955 PMCID: PMC7005469 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue repair is a protective response after injury, but repetitive or prolonged injury can lead to fibrosis, a pathological state of excessive scarring. To pinpoint the dynamic mechanisms underlying fibrosis, it is important to understand the principles of the cell circuits that carry out tissue repair. In this study, we establish a cell-circuit framework for the myofibroblast-macrophage circuit in wound healing, including the accumulation of scar-forming extracellular matrix. We find that fibrosis results from multistability between three outcomes, which we term "hot fibrosis" characterized by many macrophages, "cold fibrosis" lacking macrophages, and normal wound healing. This framework clarifies several unexplained phenomena including the paradoxical effect of macrophage depletion, the limited time-window in which removing inflammation leads to healing, and why scar maturation takes months. We define key parameters that control the transition from healing to fibrosis, which may serve as potential targets for therapeutic reduction of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Adler
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Xu Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruth A Franklin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Matthew L Meizlish
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stefan M Kallenberger
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité, Berlin 10178, Germany; Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Uri Alon
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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64
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Abstract
Thousands of people are affected by central nervous system (CNS) dysfunctions each year, with stroke and spinal cord injury (SCI) being the most frequent causes. Although there is some evidence of partial CNS self-repair (via migration of neural stem cells to the injury zone and adult neurogenesis), due to restricted regeneration capacity in mammals, acute or chronic spinal cord injuries cannot be repaired completely. Therefore, to expand the availability of treatment options for SCI, research on highly regenerative animals has become essential. Among vertebrates, axolotl, a salamander species, has been emerging as a powerful model to explore the molecular mechanisms of regeneration due to its exceptional regenerative capacity. In this study, gene expression modulation for regenerative-capable neotenic axolotl during spinal cord regeneration has been investigated. Next-generation sequencing was applied for the collected regeneration samples at zero and seven days post-amputation (dpa). The data obtained from the analyzed samples revealed 363 genes differentially expressed, mostly downregulated, between zero dpa and seven dpa. The extracellular matrix, cell-cell adhesion, and immune system-related processes and pathways were enriched by gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Based on these data, we conclude that the downregulation of immune system-related biological processes is crucial for spinal cord regeneration.
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65
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Yoon JH, Cho K, Garrett TJ, Finch P, Maden M. Comparative Proteomic Analysis in Scar-Free Skin Regeneration in Acomys cahirinus and Scarring Mus musculus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:166. [PMID: 31932597 PMCID: PMC6957500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny mouse, Acomys cahirinus displays a unique wound healing ability with regeneration of all skin components in a scar-free manner. To identify orchestrators of this regenerative response we have performed proteomic analyses of skin from Acomys and Mus musculus before and after wounding. Of the ~2000 proteins identified many are expressed at similar levels in Acomys and Mus, but there are significant differences. Following wounding in Mus the complement and coagulation cascades, PPAR signaling pathway and ECM-receptor interactions predominate. In Acomys, other pathways predominate including the Wnt, MAPK, the ribosome, proteasome, endocytosis and tight junction pathways. Notable among Acomys specific proteins are several ubiquitin-associated enzymes and kinases, whereas in Mus immuno-modulation proteins characteristic of inflammatory response are unique or more prominent. ECM proteins such as collagens are more highly expressed in Mus, but likely more important is the higher expression of matrix remodeling proteases in Acomys. Another distinctive difference between Acomys and Mus lies in the macrophage-produced arginase 1 is found in Mus whereas arginase 2 is found in Acomys. Thus, we have identified several avenues for experimental approaches whose aim is to reduce the fibrotic response that the typical mammal displays in response to wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hae Yoon
- Department of Biology & UF Genetics Institute, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Kun Cho
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 863-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Finch
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Malcolm Maden
- Department of Biology & UF Genetics Institute, 2033 Mowry Road, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
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Insights regarding skin regeneration in non-amniote vertebrates: Skin regeneration without scar formation and potential step-up to a higher level of regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:109-121. [PMID: 31831357 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Skin wounds are among the most common injuries in animals and humans. Vertebrate skin is composed of an epidermis and dermis. After a deep skin injury in mammals, the wound heals, but the dermis cannot regenerate. Instead, collagenous scar tissue forms to fill the gap in the dermis, but the scar does not function like the dermis and often causes disfiguration. In contrast, in non-amniote vertebrates, including fish and amphibians, the dermis and skin derivatives are regenerated after a deep skin injury, without a recognizable scar remaining. Furthermore, skin regeneration can be compared with a higher level of organ regeneration represented by limb regeneration in these non-amniotes, as fish, anuran amphibians (frogs and toads), and urodele amphibians (newts and salamanders) have a high capacity for organ regeneration. Comparative studies of skin regeneration together with limb or other organ regeneration could reveal how skin regeneration is stepped up to a higher level of regeneration. The long history of regenerative biology research has revealed that fish, anurans, and urodeles have their own strengths as models for regeneration studies, and excellent model organisms of these non-amniote vertebrates that are suitable for molecular genetic studies are now available. Here, we summarize the advantages of fish, anurans, and urodeles for skin regeneration studies with special reference to three model organisms: zebrafish (Danio rerio), African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), and Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodele waltl). All three of these animals quickly cover skin wounds with the epidermis (wound epidermis formation) and regenerate the dermis and skin derivatives as adults. The availability of whole genome sequences, transgenesis, and genome editing with these models enables cell lineage tracing and the use of human disease models in skin regeneration phenomena, for example. Zebrafish present particular advantages in genetics research (e.g., human disease model and Cre-loxP system). Amphibians (X. laevis and P. waltl) have a skin structure (keratinized epidermis) common with humans, and skin regeneration in these animals can be stepped up to limb regeneration, a higher level of regeneration.
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67
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Vieira WA, Wells KM, McCusker CD. Advancements to the Axolotl Model for Regeneration and Aging. Gerontology 2019; 66:212-222. [PMID: 31779024 PMCID: PMC7214127 DOI: 10.1159/000504294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of regenerative capacity is a normal part of aging. However, some organisms, such as the Mexican axolotl, retain striking regenerative capacity throughout their lives. Moreover, the development of age-related diseases is rare in this organism. In this review, we will explore how axolotls are used as a model system to study regenerative processes, the exciting new technological advancements now available for this model, and how we can apply the lessons we learn from studying regeneration in the axolotl to understand, and potentially treat, age-related decline in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren A Vieira
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kaylee M Wells
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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68
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Barrenas F, Raehtz K, Xu C, Law L, Green RR, Silvestri G, Bosinger SE, Nishida A, Li Q, Lu W, Zhang J, Thomas MJ, Chang J, Smith E, Weiss JM, Dawoud RA, Richter GH, Trichel A, Ma D, Peng X, Komorowski J, Apetrei C, Pandrea I, Gale M. Macrophage-associated wound healing contributes to African green monkey SIV pathogenesis control. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5101. [PMID: 31704931 PMCID: PMC6841668 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) avoid AIDS despite lifelong infection. Here, we examined how this outcome is achieved by comparing a natural SIV host, African green monkey (AGM) to an AIDS susceptible species, rhesus macaque (RM). To asses gene expression profiles from acutely SIV infected AGMs and RMs, we developed a systems biology approach termed Conserved Gene Signature Analysis (CGSA), which compared RNA sequencing data from rectal AGM and RM tissues to various other species. We found that AGMs rapidly activate, and then maintain, evolutionarily conserved regenerative wound healing mechanisms in mucosal tissue. The wound healing protein fibronectin shows distinct tissue distribution and abundance kinetics in AGMs. Furthermore, AGM monocytes exhibit an embryonic development and repair/regeneration signature featuring TGF-β and concomitant reduced expression of inflammatory genes compared to RMs. This regenerative wound healing process likely preserves mucosal integrity and prevents inflammatory insults that underlie immune exhaustion in RMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Barrenas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kevin Raehtz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cuiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lynn Law
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard R Green
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Steven E Bosinger
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Microbiology & Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Wuxun Lu
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jianshui Zhang
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jean Chang
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elise Smith
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Weiss
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Reem A Dawoud
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - George H Richter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anita Trichel
- Divison of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dongzhu Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinxia Peng
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Institute of Computer Science, PAN, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cristian Apetrei
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivona Pandrea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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69
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Seifert AW, Cook AB, Shaw D. Inhibiting fibroblast aggregation in skin wounds unlocks developmental pathway to regeneration. Dev Biol 2019; 455:60-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Öktem EK, Yazar M, Gulfidan G, Arga KY. Cancer Drug Repositioning by Comparison of Gene Expression in Humans and Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) During Wound Healing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 23:389-405. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Öktem
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Gulfidan
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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71
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Perry BW, Andrew AL, Mostafa Kamal AH, Card DC, Schield DR, Pasquesi GIM, Pellegrino MW, Mackessy SP, Chowdhury SM, Secor SM, Castoe TA. Multi-species comparisons of snakes identify coordinated signalling networks underlying post-feeding intestinal regeneration. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20190910. [PMID: 31288694 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several snake species that feed infrequently in nature have evolved the ability to massively upregulate intestinal form and function with each meal. While fasting, these snakes downregulate intestinal form and function, and upon feeding restore intestinal structure and function through major increases in cell growth and proliferation, metabolism and upregulation of digestive function. Previous studies have identified changes in gene expression that underlie this regenerative growth of the python intestine, but the unique features that differentiate this extreme regenerative growth from non-regenerative post-feeding responses exhibited by snakes that feed more frequently remain unclear. Here, we leveraged variation in regenerative capacity across three snake species-two distantly related lineages ( Crotalus and Python) that experience regenerative growth, and one ( Nerodia) that does not-to infer molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal regeneration using transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Using a comparative approach, we identify a suite of growth, stress response and DNA damage response signalling pathways with inferred activity specifically in regenerating species, and propose a hypothesis model of interactivity between these pathways that may drive regenerative intestinal growth in snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair W Perry
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Audra L Andrew
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Daren C Card
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Drew R Schield
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Giulia I M Pasquesi
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Mark W Pellegrino
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Stephen P Mackessy
- 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado , 501 20th Street, Greeley, CO 80639 , USA
| | - Saiful M Chowdhury
- 2 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
| | - Stephen M Secor
- 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama , Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 , USA
| | - Todd A Castoe
- 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas Arlington , 501 South Nedderman Drive, Arlington, TX 76019 , USA
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72
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Regeneration of Dermis: Scarring and Cells Involved. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060607. [PMID: 31216669 PMCID: PMC6627856 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many studies on certain skin cell specifications and their contribution to wound healing. In this review, we provide an overview of dermal cell heterogeneity and their participation in skin repair, scar formation, and in the composition of skin substitutes. The papillary, reticular, and hair follicle associated fibroblasts differ not only topographically, but also functionally. Human skin has a number of particular characteristics that are different from murine skin. This should be taken into account in experimental procedures. Dermal cells react differently to skin wounding, remodel the extracellular matrix in their own manner, and convert to myofibroblasts to different extents. Recent studies indicate a special role of papillary fibroblasts in the favorable outcome of wound healing and epithelial-mesenchyme interactions. Neofolliculogenesis can substantially reduce scarring. The role of hair follicle mesenchyme cells in skin repair and possible therapeutic applications is discussed. Participation of dermal cell types in wound healing is described, with the addition of possible mechanisms underlying different outcomes in embryonic and adult tissues in the context of cell population characteristics and extracellular matrix composition and properties. Dermal white adipose tissue involvement in wound healing is also overviewed. Characteristics of myofibroblasts and their activity in scar formation is extensively discussed. Cellular mechanisms of scarring and possible ways for its prevention are highlighted. Data on keloid cells are provided with emphasis on their specific characteristics. We also discuss the contribution of tissue tension to the scar formation as well as the criteria and effectiveness of skin substitutes in skin reconstruction. Special attention is given to the properties of skin substitutes in terms of cell composition and the ability to prevent scarring.
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73
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Miller BM, Johnson K, Whited JL. Common themes in tetrapod appendage regeneration: a cellular perspective. EvoDevo 2019; 10:11. [PMID: 31236203 PMCID: PMC6572735 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete and perfect regeneration of appendages is a process that has fascinated and perplexed biologists for centuries. Some tetrapods possess amazing regenerative abilities, but the regenerative abilities of others are exceedingly limited. The reasons underlying these differences have largely remained mysterious. A great deal has been learned about the morphological events that accompany successful appendage regeneration, and a handful of experimental manipulations can be reliably applied to block the process. However, only in the last decade has the goal of attaining a thorough molecular and cellular biological understanding of appendage regeneration in tetrapods become within reach. Advances in molecular and genetic tools for interrogating these remarkable events are now allowing for unprecedented access to the fundamental biology at work in appendage regeneration in a variety of species. This information will be critical for integrating the large body of detailed observations from previous centuries with a modern understanding of how cells sense and respond to severe injury and loss of body parts. Understanding commonalities between regenerative modes across diverse species is likely to illuminate the most important aspects of complex tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bess M. Miller
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Kimberly Johnson
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Jessica L. Whited
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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74
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Schlottmann F, Strauss S, Hake K, Vogt PM, Bucan V. Down-Regulation of MHC Class I Expression in Human Keratinocytes Using Viral Vectors Containing US11 Gene of Human Cytomegalovirus and Cultivation on Bovine Collagen-Elastin Matrix (Matriderm ®): Potential Approach for an Immune-Privileged Skin Substitute. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2056. [PMID: 31027326 PMCID: PMC6540026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin transplantation, especially in burn patients, is still challenging because surgeons are faced with limited disposability of autologous donor side material. The in vitro culture of keratinocytes has become an important reconstructive option. However, only non-immunogenic allogenic keratinocytes offer the opportunity to develop a skin graft that can overcome rejection. The purpose of the study was to develop targeted gene modification of keratinocytes in order to reduce immunogenicity for the use as allogenic transplantable skin graft by decreasing the expression of MHC class I. To reduce MHC class I expression, viral vectors containing the US11 gene of human cytomegalovirus were generated and tested on their functionality using Western blotting, indirect immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry. Transfected keratinocytes were seeded on commercially available bovine collagen-elastin matrices and further cultured for histological and cell survival assays. Results showed transient down-regulation of MHC class I after 24 h post-transfection, with recovery of MHC class I expression after 48 h. Histological assessments showed long-term cell survival as well as histological patterns comparable to epidermal layers of healthy human skin. The data postulates the potential application of US11 transfected keratinocytes as an approach towards an immune-privileged skin substitute. Nevertheless, further studies and data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Schlottmann
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sarah Strauss
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Kevin Hake
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Peter M Vogt
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Vesna Bucan
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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75
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Sveen LR, Timmerhaus G, Krasnov A, Takle H, Handeland S, Ytteborg E. Wound healing in post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Sci Rep 2019; 9:3565. [PMID: 30837496 PMCID: PMC6400935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin biopsies (5 mm) taken from behind the dorsal fin on Atlantic salmon post-smolts were followed over a 2 month period. The healing process was dominated by hemostasis, acute inflammation, and epidermal repair the first 14 days post wounding (dpw), as shown through imaging, histological evaluation, and transcriptomics. Most of the immune genes showed decreased expression after two weeks, approaching the levels of intact skin, as also reflected in sections where reduced inflammation in the wound bed was observed. Transcriptional events suggest recruitment of lymphocytes to the wound site during the acute phase, with activation of humoral responses from 14 dpw and onward. From the histology, a more adherent mucus was observed that correlated with altered transcription of glycosyltransferases. This may indicate different properties and functions of the mucus during the wound healing process. Wound contraction started between 14 and 36 dpw. The occurrence of these events was concurrent with granulation tissue formation, melanocyte migration and up-regulation of genes involved in extracellular matrix formation. The presented description of the wound healing processes in Atlantic salmon gives insight into comparative ulcerative biology in mammals and fish and provides both novel and updated knowledge that can be applied for improved best operational practices for fish welfare in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Rydal Sveen
- University of Bergen, Postboks 7800, 5020, Bergen, Norway. .,Nofima, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway.
| | | | | | - Harald Takle
- Cermaq Group AS, Dronning Eufemias gate 16,0102, Oslo, Norway
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76
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Lin C, Chiu P, Hsueh Y, Shieh S, Wu C, Wong T, Chuong C, Hughes MW. Regeneration of rete ridges in Lanyu pig (
Sus scrofa
): Insights for human skin wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:472-479. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chein‐Hong Lin
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Basic MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Po‐Yuan Chiu
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
| | - Yuan‐Yu Hsueh
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
| | - Shyh‐Jou Shieh
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Ching Wu
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Basic MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
| | - Tak‐Wah Wong
- Department of DermatologyNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Ming Chuong
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Department of Basic MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Southern California Los Angeles California
| | - Michael W. Hughes
- International Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical MedicineNational Cheng Kung University Hospital Tainan Taiwan
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77
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Epithelial to mesenchymal transition is mediated by both TGF-β canonical and non-canonical signaling during axolotl limb regeneration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1144. [PMID: 30718780 PMCID: PMC6362101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Axolotls have the amazing ability to regenerate. When compared to humans, axolotls display a very fast wound closure, no scarring and are capable to replace lost appendages perfectly. Understanding the signaling mechanism leading to this perfect healing is a key step to help develop regenerative treatments for humans. In this paper, we studied cellular pathways leading to axolotl limb regeneration. We focus on the wound closure phase where keratinocytes migrate to close the lesion site and how epithelial to mesenchymal transitions are involved in this process. We observe a correlation between wound closure and EMT marker expression. Functional analyses using pharmacological inhibitors showed that the TGF-β/SMAD (canonical) and the TGF-β/p38/JNK (non-canonical) pathways play a role in the rate to which the keratinocytes can migrate. When we treat the animals with a combination of inhibitors blocking both canonical and non-canonical TGF-β pathways, it greatly reduced the rate of wound closure and had significant effects on certain known EMT genes.
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78
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Hanslik KL, Allen SR, Harkenrider TL, Fogerson SM, Guadarrama E, Morgan JR. Regenerative capacity in the lamprey spinal cord is not altered after a repeated transection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204193. [PMID: 30699109 PMCID: PMC6353069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The resilience of regeneration in vertebrates is not very well understood. Yet understanding if tissues can regenerate after repeated insults, and identifying limitations, is important for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of tissue plasticity. This is particularly challenging in tissues, such as the nervous system, which possess a large number of terminally differentiated cells and often exhibit limited regeneration in the first place. However, unlike mammals, which exhibit very limited regeneration of spinal cord tissues, many non-mammalian vertebrates, including lampreys, bony fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, regenerate their spinal cords and functionally recover even after a complete spinal cord transection. It is well established that lampreys undergo full functional recovery of swimming behaviors after a single spinal cord transection, which is accompanied by tissue repair at the lesion site, as well as axon and synapse regeneration. Here we begin to explore the resilience of spinal cord regeneration in lampreys after a second spinal transection (re-transection). We report that by all functional and anatomical measures tested, lampreys regenerate after spinal re-transection just as robustly as after single transections. Recovery of swimming, synapse and cytoskeletal distributions, axon regeneration, and neuronal survival were nearly identical after spinal transection or re-transection. Only minor differences in tissue repair at the lesion site were observed in re-transected spinal cords. Thus, regenerative potential in the lamprey spinal cord is largely unaffected by spinal re-transection, indicating a greater persistent regenerative potential than exists in some other highly regenerative models. These findings establish a new path for uncovering pro-regenerative targets that could be deployed in non-regenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Hanslik
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott R Allen
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tessa L Harkenrider
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephanie M Fogerson
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eduardo Guadarrama
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R Morgan
- The Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States of America
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79
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Peptides for Skin Protection and Healing in Amphibians. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020347. [PMID: 30669405 PMCID: PMC6359409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphibian skin is not to be considered a mere tegument; it has a multitude of functions related to respiration, osmoregulation, and thermoregulation, thus allowing the individuals to survive and thrive in the terrestrial environment. Moreover, amphibian skin secretions are enriched with several peptides, which defend the skin from environmental and pathogenic insults and exert many other biological effects. In this work, the beneficial effects of amphibian skin peptides are reviewed, in particular their role in speeding up wound healing and in protection from oxidative stress and UV irradiation. A better understanding of why some species seem to resist several environmental insults can help to limit the ongoing amphibian decline through the development of appropriate strategies, particularly against pathologies such as viral and fungal infections.
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80
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Franchini A. Adaptive Immunity and Skin Wound Healing in Amphibian Adults. Open Life Sci 2019; 14:420-426. [PMID: 33817177 PMCID: PMC7874748 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration and repair with scarring of the skin are two different responses to tissue injury that proceed depending on the animal species. Several studies in multiple organisms have shown that the effectiveness of tissue repair gradually decreases with age in most vertebrates, while the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the diverse potentials remain incompletely understood. It is clear, however, that immune system actively participates in the whole process and immune-related activities can mediate both negative and positive roles to influence the quality and diversity of tissue response to damage. Compared with innate immunity, our understanding of the significance of adaptive immune cells in normal repair outcome is limited and deserves further investigation. Here, experimental evidence supporting the contribution of lymphocytes and the involvement of lymphoid organs in skin wound healing are discussed, focusing on the findings emerged in adult amphibians, key animal models for tissue repair and regeneration research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, via Campi 213/D, 41125 Modena, Italy
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81
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Therapeutic potential of endogenous stem cells and cellular factors for scar-free skin regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:69-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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82
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Injury and stress responses of adult neural crest-derived cells. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S356-S365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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83
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Van Roten A, Barakat AZAZ, Wouters A, Tran TA, Mouton S, Noben JP, Gentile L, Smeets K. A carcinogenic trigger to study the function of tumor suppressor genes in Schmidtea mediterranea. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm032573. [PMID: 29967069 PMCID: PMC6176991 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.032573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Planarians have been long known for their regenerative ability, which hinges on pluripotency. Recently, however, the planarian model has been successfully established for routine toxicological screens aimed to assess overproliferation, mutagenicity and tumorigenesis. In this study, we focused on planarian tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and their role during chemically induced carcinogenic stress in Schmidtea mediterranea Combining in silico and proteomic screens with exposure to human carcinogen type 1A agent cadmium (Cd), we showed that many TSGs have a function in stem cells and that, in general, exposure to Cd accelerated the onset and increased the severity of the observed phenotype. This suggested that the interaction between environmental and genetic factors plays an important role in tumor development in S. mediterranea Therefore, we further focused on the synergistic effects of Cd exposure and p53 knockdown (KD) at the cellular and molecular levels. Cd also produced a specific proteomic landscape in homeostatic animals, with 172 proteins differentially expressed, 43 of which were downregulated. Several of these proteins have tumor suppressor function in human and other animals, namely Wilms Tumor 1 Associated Protein (WT1), Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90), Glioma Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 (GLIPR1) and Matrix Metalloproteinase B (Smed-MMPB). Both Glipr1 and MmpB KD produced large outgrowths, epidermal lesions and epidermal blisters. The epidermal blisters that formed as a consequence of Smed-MmpB KD were populated by smedwi1+ cells, many of which were actively proliferating, while large outgrowths contained ectopically differentiated structures, such as photoreceptors, nervous tissue and a small pharynx. In conclusion, Smed-MmpB is a planarian TSG that prevents stem cell proliferation and differentiation outside the proper milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromeda Van Roten
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University-Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Amal Zohir Abo-Zeid Barakat
- Planarian Stem Cell Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, von Esmarch-str. 54, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Annelies Wouters
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University-Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, Gebouw D, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Thao Anh Tran
- Pluripotency and Regeneration Group, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - Stijn Mouton
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University and Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, School of Life Sciences, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Luca Gentile
- Planarian Stem Cell Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, von Esmarch-str. 54, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Karen Smeets
- Zoology: Biodiversity and Toxicology, Hasselt University-Campus Diepenbeek, Agoralaan 1, Gebouw D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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84
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Taghiyar L, Hosseini S, Safari F, Bagheri F, Fani N, Stoddart MJ, Alini M, Eslaminejad MB. New insight into functional limb regeneration: A to Z approaches. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1925-1943. [PMID: 30011424 DOI: 10.1002/term.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Limb/digit amputation is a common event in humans caused by trauma, medical illness, or surgery. Although the loss of a digit is not lethal, it affects quality of life and imposes high costs on amputees. In recent years, the increasing interest in limb regeneration has led to enhanced scientific knowledge. However, the limited ability to develop functional limb regeneration in the clinical setting suggests that a challenging issue remains in limb regeneration. Recently, the emergence of regenerative engineering is a promising field to address this challenge and close the gap between science and clinical applications. Cell signalling and molecular mechanisms involved in the limb regeneration process have been extensively studied; however, there is still insufficient data on cell therapy and tissue engineering for limb regeneration. In this review, we intend to focus on therapeutic approaches for limb regeneration that are closely related to gene, immune, and stem cell therapies, as well as tissue engineering approaches that take into consideration the peculiar developmental properties of the limbs. In addition, we attempt to identify the challenges of these strategies for limb regeneration studies in terms of clinical settings and as a road map to accomplish the goal of functional human limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nesa Fani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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85
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Dwaraka VB, Smith JJ, Woodcock MR, Voss SR. Comparative transcriptomics of limb regeneration: Identification of conserved expression changes among three species of Ambystoma. Genomics 2018; 111:1216-1225. [PMID: 30092345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptome studies are revealing the complex gene expression basis of limb regeneration in the primary salamander model - Ambystoma mexicanum (axolotl). To better understand this complexity, there is need to extend analyses to additional salamander species. Using microarray and RNA-Seq, we performed a comparative transcriptomic study using A. mexicanum and two other ambystomatid salamanders: A. andersoni, and A. maculatum. Salamanders were administered forelimb amputations and RNA was isolated and analyzed to identify 405 non-redundant genes that were commonly, differentially expressed 24 h post amputation. Many of the upregulated genes are predicted to function in wound healing and developmental processes, while many of the downregulated genes are typically expressed in muscle. The conserved transcriptional changes identified in this study provide a high-confidence dataset for identifying factors that simultaneous orchestrate wound healing and regeneration processes in response to injury, and more generally for identifying genes that are essential for salamander limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun B Dwaraka
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States; Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| | - Jeramiah J Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States
| | - M Ryan Woodcock
- Department of Biology, Keene State College, Keene, NH 03431, United States
| | - S Randal Voss
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States; Ambystoma Genetic Stock Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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86
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Yokoyama H, Kudo N, Todate M, Shimada Y, Suzuki M, Tamura K. Skin regeneration of amphibians: A novel model for skin regeneration as adults. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 60:316-325. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Nanako Kudo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Momoko Todate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Yuri Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Division of Morphogenesis; National Institute for Basic Biology; National Institutes of Natural Sciences; Okazaki Aichi Japan
- Department of Basic Biology; School of Life Science; the Graduate University of Advanced Studies; Hayama Kanagawa Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
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87
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Hydrogels for Atopic Dermatitis and Wound Management: A Superior Drug Delivery Vehicle. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10020071. [PMID: 29899219 PMCID: PMC6027388 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound management, in addition to presenting a significant burden to patients and their families, also contributes significantly to a country’s healthcare costs. Treatment strategies are numerous, but in most cases not ideal. Hydrogels, three-dimensional polymeric materials that can withstand a great degree of swelling without losing structural integrity, are drawing great attention for their use as topical wound management solutions in the form of films and as vehicles for drug delivery, due to their unique properties of high water content, biocompatibility, and flexibility. Hydrogels, both naturally and synthetically derived, can be tuned to respond to specific stimuli such as pH, temperature and light and they are ideally suited as drug delivery vehicles. Here we provide a brief overview of the history and characteristics of hydrogels, assess their uses in wound management and drug delivery, and compare them with other types of common drug delivery vehicle.
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88
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Subramaniam N, Petrik JJ, Vickaryous MK. VEGF, FGF-2 and TGFβ expression in the normal and regenerating epidermis of geckos: implications for epidermal homeostasis and wound healing in reptiles. J Anat 2018; 232:768-782. [PMID: 29417581 PMCID: PMC5879961 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is a bilayered organ that serves as a key barrier between an organism and its environment. In addition to protecting against microbial invasion, physical trauma and environmental damage, skin participates in maintaining homeostasis. Skin is also capable of spontaneous self-repair following injury. These functions are mediated by numerous pleiotrophic growth factors, including members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) families. Although growth factor expression has been well documented in mammals, particularly during wound healing, for groups such as reptiles less is known. Here, we investigate the spatio-temporal pattern of expression of multiple growth factors in normal skin and following a full-thickness cutaneous injury in the representative lizard Eublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko. Unlike mammals, leopard geckos can heal cutaneous wounds without scarring. We demonstrate that before, during and after injury, keratinocytes of the epidermis express a diverse panel of growth factor ligands and receptors, including: VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and phosphorylated VEGFR2; FGF-2 and FGFR1; and phosphorylated SMAD2, TGFβ1, and activin βA. Unexpectedly, only the tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR1 and FGFR1 were dynamically expressed, and only during the earliest phases of re-epithelization; otherwise all the proteins of interest were constitutively present. We propose that the ubiquitous pattern of growth factor expression by keratinocytes is associated with various roles during tissue homeostasis, including protection against ultraviolet photodamage and coordinated body-wide skin shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeline Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical SciencesOntario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
- Institute of Medical ScienceFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge InstituteSt. Michael's HospitalDepartment of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical SciencesOntario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Matthew K. Vickaryous
- Department of Biomedical SciencesOntario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
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89
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Yoon D, Yoon D, Cha HJ, Lee JS, Chun W. Enhancement of wound healing efficiency mediated by artificial dermis functionalized with EGF or NRG1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 13:045007. [PMID: 29386409 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aaac37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial dermis as a skin substitute is a field of active study, as acellular dermal matrices from cadavers are susceptible to infection owing to their human origin. One such alternative dermal replacement scaffold, INSUREGRAF®, is derived primarily from extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and elastin and has been clinically used to treat severe skin wounds such as burns. This scaffold has proven to be useful to minimize wound contraction and scar formation owing to its biocompatibility, interconnected pore structure, sufficient biodegradability, and suitable mechanical properties. However, INSUREGRAF® does not provide scar-free wound healing in cases of severe skin damage such as full-thickness (FT) excision. Considering that the efficient recruitment of fibroblasts and keratinocytes into a wound site represents a critical step in the regeneration of damaged skin, we attempted to enhance the efficiency for wound healing by fabricating growth factor-functionalized INSUREGRAF®. In particular, we utilized epidermal growth factor (EGF) and an EGF family member, neuregulin-1 (NRG1), not previously studied in the context of wound healing, whose cellular role is to promote proliferation and migration in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Both artificial dermis-growth factor combinations led to efficient recruitment of fibroblasts and keratinocytes into a wound site during the early steps of skin regeneration. Notably, EGF- or NRG1-functionalized INSUREGRAF® induced rapid proliferation of skin cells in an ERK pathway-dependent manner and exhibited efficient wound healing in a Sprague-Dawley rat FT excision and grafting model. These results provide the foundation for expanding the use of growth factor-functionalized INSUREGRAF® to clinical application in cases of severe skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogeon Yoon
- Burn Institute, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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90
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Keane TJ, Horejs CM, Stevens MM. Scarring vs. functional healing: Matrix-based strategies to regulate tissue repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:407-419. [PMID: 29425770 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
All vertebrates possess mechanisms to restore damaged tissues with outcomes ranging from regeneration to scarring. Unfortunately, the mammalian response to tissue injury most often culminates in scar formation. Accounting for nearly 45% of deaths in the developed world, fibrosis is a process that stands diametrically opposed to functional tissue regeneration. Strategies to improve wound healing outcomes therefore require methods to limit fibrosis. Wound healing is guided by precise spatiotemporal deposition and remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM, comprising the non-cellular component of tissues, is a signalling depot that is differentially regulated in scarring and regenerative healing. This Review focuses on the importance of the native matrix components during mammalian wound healing alongside a comparison to scar-free healing and then presents an overview of matrix-based strategies that attempt to exploit the role of the ECM to improve wound healing outcomes.
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91
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has central roles in tissue integrity and remodeling throughout the life span of animals. While collagens are the most abundant structural components of ECM in most tissues, tissue-specific molecular complexity is contributed by ECM glycoproteins. The matricellular glycoproteins are categorized primarily according to functional criteria and represented predominantly by the thrombospondin, tenascin, SPARC/osteonectin, and CCN families. These proteins do not self-assemble into ECM fibrils; nevertheless, they shape ECM properties through interactions with structural ECM proteins, growth factors, and cells. Matricellular proteins also promote cell migration or morphological changes through adhesion-modulating or counter-adhesive actions on cell-ECM adhesions, intracellular signaling, and the actin cytoskeleton. Typically, matricellular proteins are most highly expressed during embryonic development. In adult tissues, expression is more limited unless activated by cues for dynamic tissue remodeling and cell motility, such as occur during inflammatory response and wound repair. Many insights in the complex roles of matricellular proteins have been obtained from studies of gene knockout mice. However, with the exception of chordate-specific tenascins, these are highly conserved proteins that are encoded in many animal phyla. This review will consider the increasing body of research on matricellular proteins in nonmammalian animal models. These models provide better access to the very earliest stages of embryonic development and opportunities to study biological processes such as limb and organ regeneration. In aggregate, this research is expanding concepts of the functions and mechanisms of action of matricellular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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92
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Costa RA, Power DM. Skin and scale regeneration after mechanical damage in a teleost. Mol Immunol 2018; 95:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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93
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Londono R, Sun AX, Tuan RS, Lozito TP. TISSUE REPAIR AND EPIMORPHIC REGENERATION: AN OVERVIEW. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 6:61-69. [PMID: 29967714 PMCID: PMC6025457 DOI: 10.1007/s40139-018-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This manuscript discusses wound healing as a component of epimorphic regeneration and the role of the immune system in this process. RECENT FINDINGS Epimorphic regeneration involves formation of a blastema, a mass of undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to the regenerated tissues. The apical epithelial cap plays an important role in blastemal formation. SUMMARY True regeneration is rarely observed in mammals. With the exception of transgenic strains, tissue repair in mammals usually leads to non-functional fibrotic tissue formation. In contrast, a number of lower order species including planarians, salamanders, and reptiles, have the ability to overcome the burden of scarring and tissue loss through complex adaptations that allow them to regenerate various anatomic structures through epimorphic regeneration. Blastemal cells have been suggested to originate via various mechanisms including de-differentiation, transdifferentiation, migration of pre-existing adult stem cell niches, and combinations of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Londono
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron X. Sun
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas P. Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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94
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Erickson JR, Echeverri K. Learning from regeneration research organisms: The circuitous road to scar free wound healing. Dev Biol 2018; 433:144-154. [PMID: 29179946 PMCID: PMC5914521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the body and plays multiple essential roles ranging from regulating temperature, preventing infection and ultimately defining who we are physically. It is a highly dynamic organ that constantly replaces the outermost cells throughout life. However, when faced with a major injury, human skin cannot restore a significant lesion to its original functionality, instead a reparative scar is formed. In contrast to this, many other species have the unique ability to regenerate full thickness skin without formation of scar tissue. Here we review recent advances in the field that shed light on how the skin cells in regenerative species react to injury to prevent scar formation versus scar forming humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jami R Erickson
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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95
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Feng Y, Feng J, Zheng H, Wang W, Chen F, Yu Y, Cui J. Molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analysis of the three cysteine and glycine-rich protein genes in the Chinese fire-bellied newt Cynops orientalis. Gene 2018; 647:226-234. [PMID: 29317320 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cysteine- and glycine-rich protein (CRP) family members, including the cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 1 (CSRP1), cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 2 (CSRP2), and the cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3), have exhibited various cellular functions during cell development and differentiation. However, the sequences of the three CSRP genes and their functions are still poorly understood in newts. In this study, we cloned the complete open reading frame (ORF) sequences of the three CSRP genes from the Chinese fire-bellied newt, Cynops orientalis (C. orientalis). The complete ORF sequences of Co-CSRP1, Co-CSRP2, and Co-CSRP3 were 582, 582, and 576bp, respectively, and encoded 193, 193, and 191 amino acids, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequences of the three CRP members showed high similarities with that of other species, particularly, with amphibians. Co-CSRP1 was highly expressed in the kidney, limb, and stomach, however, the expression was low in the spleen, heart, intestine, liver, and tail (P<0.05). The mRNA expression of Co-CSRP2 was higher in the kidney and heart than that in other organs (P<0.05). It was observed that Co-CSRP3 was only expressed in the heart, limb, and tail. The mRNA expression of Co-CSRP1 and Co-CSRP3 was lower in the digits in comparison to other limb segments. However, there was no significant difference of Co-CSRP2 mRNA expression in the four limb segments. The Co-CSRP1 and Co-CSRP2 mRNA expressions were significantly increased, whereas the expression of Co-CSRP3 was remarkably decreased during the limb regeneration. This study will provide useful information for further elucidating the role of Co-CSRP genes during newt limb regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Feng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Juantao Feng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Hanxue Zheng
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Fulin Chen
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Jihong Cui
- Lab of Tissue Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
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96
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Mechanisms of epithelial thickening due to IL-1 signalling blockade and TNF-α administration differ during wound repair and regeneration. Differentiation 2018; 99:10-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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97
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Simkin J, Seifert AW. Concise Review: Translating Regenerative Biology into Clinically Relevant Therapies: Are We on the Right Path? Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 7:220-231. [PMID: 29271610 PMCID: PMC5788874 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite approaches in regenerative medicine using stem cells, bio‐engineered scaffolds, and targeted drug delivery to enhance human tissue repair, clinicians remain unable to regenerate large‐scale, multi‐tissue defects in situ. The study of regenerative biology using mammalian models of complex tissue regeneration offers an opportunity to discover key factors that stimulate a regenerative rather than fibrotic response to injury. For example, although primates and rodents can regenerate their distal digit tips, they heal more proximal amputations with scar tissue. Rabbits and African spiny mice re‐grow tissue to fill large musculoskeletal defects through their ear pinna, while other mammals fail to regenerate identical defects and instead heal ear holes through fibrotic repair. This Review explores the utility of these comparative healing models using the spiny mouse ear pinna and the mouse digit tip to consider how mechanistic insight into reparative regeneration might serve to advance regenerative medicine. Specifically, we consider how inflammation and immunity, extracellular matrix composition, and controlled cell proliferation intersect to establish a pro‐regenerative microenvironment in response to injuries. Understanding how some mammals naturally regenerate complex tissue can provide a blueprint for how we might manipulate the injury microenvironment to enhance regenerative abilities in humans. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2018;7:220–231
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Simkin
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashley W Seifert
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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98
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Harn HIC, Ogawa R, Hsu CK, Hughes MW, Tang MJ, Chuong CM. The tension biology of wound healing. Exp Dermatol 2017; 28:464-471. [PMID: 29105155 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Following skin wounding, the healing outcome can be: regeneration, repair with normal scar tissue, repair with hypertrophic scar tissue or the formation of keloids. The role of chemical factors in wound healing has been extensively explored, and while there is evidence suggesting the role of mechanical forces, its influence is much less well defined. Here, we provide a brief review on the recent progress of the role of mechanical force in skin wound healing by comparing laboratory mice, African spiny mice, fetal wound healing and adult scar keloid formation. A comparison across different species may provide insight into key regulators. Interestingly, some findings suggest tension can induce an immune response, and this provides a new link between mechanical and chemical forces. Clinically, manipulating skin tension has been demonstrated to be effective for scar prevention and treatment, but not for tissue regeneration. Utilising this knowledge, specialists may modulate regulatory factors and develop therapeutic strategies to reduce scar formation and promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans I-Chen Harn
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rei Ogawa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Michael W Hughes
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Tang
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- International Research Center of Wound Repair and Regeneration (iWRR), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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99
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Corradetti B, Taraballi F, Corbo C, Cabrera F, Pandolfi L, Minardi S, Wang X, Van Eps J, Bauza G, Weiner B, Tasciotti E. Immune tuning scaffold for the local induction of a pro-regenerative environment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17030. [PMID: 29208986 PMCID: PMC5717048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16895-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, tissue regeneration is accomplished through a well-regulated, complex cascade of events. The disruption of the cellular and molecular processes involved in tissue healing might lead to scar formation. Most tissue engineering approaches have tried to improve the regenerative outcome following an injury, through the combination of biocompatible materials, stem cells and bioactive factors. However, implanted materials can cause further healing impairments due to the persistent inflammatory stimuli that trigger the onset of chronic inflammation. Here, it is described at the molecular, cellular and tissue level, the body response to a functionalized biomimetic collagen scaffold. The grafting of chondroitin sulfate on the surface of the scaffold is able to induce a pro-regenerative environment at the site of a subcutaneous implant. The early in situ recruitment, and sustained local retention of anti-inflammatory macrophages significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory environment and triggered a different healing cascade, ultimately leading to collagen fibril re-organization, blood vessel formation, and scaffold integration with the surrounding native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Corradetti
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Taraballi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Corbo
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Nanomedicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fernando Cabrera
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Laura Pandolfi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Silvia Minardi
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Van Eps
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo Bauza
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| | - Bradley Weiner
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ennio Tasciotti
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Houston Methodist Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.,, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for NanoHealth, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University Bay, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK.
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100
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Díaz-Castillo C. Transcriptome dynamics along axolotl regenerative development are consistent with an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity in dedifferentiated cells. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4004. [PMID: 29134148 PMCID: PMC5678507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in recent years the study of gene expression variation in the absence of genetic or environmental cues or gene expression heterogeneity has intensified considerably, many basic and applied biological fields still remain unaware of how useful the study of gene expression heterogeneity patterns might be for the characterization of biological systems and/or processes. Largely based on the modulator effect chromatin compaction has for gene expression heterogeneity and the extensive changes in chromatin compaction known to occur for specialized cells that are naturally or artificially induced to revert to less specialized states or dedifferentiate, I recently hypothesized that processes that concur with cell dedifferentiation would show an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity. The confirmation of the existence of such trend could be of wide interest because of the biomedical and biotechnological relevance of cell dedifferentiation-based processes, i.e., regenerative development, cancer, human induced pluripotent stem cells, or plant somatic embryogenesis. Here, I report the first empirical evidence consistent with the existence of an extensive reduction in gene expression heterogeneity for processes that concur with cell dedifferentiation by analyzing transcriptome dynamics along forearm regenerative development in Ambystoma mexicanum or axolotl. Also, I briefly discuss on the utility of the study of gene expression heterogeneity dynamics might have for the characterization of cell dedifferentiation-based processes, and the engineering of tools that afforded better monitoring and modulating such processes. Finally, I reflect on how a transitional reduction in gene expression heterogeneity for dedifferentiated cells can promote a long-term increase in phenotypic heterogeneity following cell dedifferentiation with potential adverse effects for biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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